(Tiểu luận) final report practices of international trade analysis of rice export activities in viet nam

TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
MAJOR: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

FINAL REPORT
PRACTICES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

ANALYSIS OF RICE EXPORT ACTIVITIES
IN VIET NAM

Lecturer: Nguyen Thi Tuong Vy
Group: Diamond

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Ho Chi Minh City, 5th of November, 2020

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Content
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Introduction................................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 1: Overview of rice export in Viet Nam.........................................................6
1.1 Rice production in Viet Nam.................................................................................6
1.2 Export activity of rice in Viet Nam........................................................................7
1.2.1 Rice export theory ..............................................................................................7

1.2.2. Criteria for evaluating the quality of exported rice............................................8
1.2.3. Rice policy in Viet Nam.....................................................................................9
1.2.4. Supply and demand of Viet Nam rice..............................................................11
Chapter 2: Analysis of Viet Nam rice export activity.................................................13
2.1. Process of exporting rice in Vietnam .................................................................13
2.2. Procedure of exporting rice in Vietnam..............................................................14
2.3. Vietnam export rice price....................................................................................15
2.3.1. Vietnam’s export rice price and quantity..........................................................15
2.3.2. Factor affecting export price............................................................................17
2.3.3. The quality and categories of rice export in Vietnam ….........................17
2.3.4. Export price by market…...............................................…........................18
2.3.5. Vietnam's export rice competitors…..........................................................21
2.4. SWOT analysis…..............................................................................................22
2.4.1. Advantages analysis…................................................................................22
2.4.2. Disadvantage analysis….............................................................................23
2.4.3. Opportunity analysis…...............................................................................23
2.4.4. Threat analysis…........................................................................................24
2.5. Exporting rice sales contract….........................................................................25
2.6. Custom clearance in Vietnam….......................................................................27
Chapter 3: The solution of developing export activities…………………………….30
Conclusion

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Introduction
Vietnam is in tcess of international integration. Therefore, the development of
economic activities is extremely important, including export activities. In the
current export structure, rice is one of the export strengths of our country.
Over the past years, Vietnam has always been one of the largest rice exporters
in the world, maintained at a relatively high threshold, accounting for a large part
of the total rice export value of the world. Thanks to favorable natural conditions,
culture is a wet rice civilization. Vietnam is increasingly developing and asserting
its economic strength. Especially in 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic spreads
strongly, but Vietnam still stabilizes the economy. That has made the economy in
general and rice export in particular achieve many proud achievements
However, we have not fully exploited our strengths as well as limit risks in rice
production and export. On the other hand, to better understand current and future
challenges, then find solutions. So we decided to choose the topic "analysis of
Vietnam's rice export activities".

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I.

Chapter 1: Overview of rice export

I.1.

Rice production in Vietnam

Viet Nam is the 5th largest rice producer in the world. In the first seven months of
2020, Vietnam is the country with the second highest output and export value of rice in
the world while the context of the spreading Covid-19 epidemic. Specifically, rice export
in the first seven months of the year reached nearly 4 million tons with a value of $2
billion.
Vietnam is an agricultural country with a long history of cultivation. Rice is the
main product of agriculture.
Rice not only contributes to ensuring people's lives, but also plays a strategic role in
Vietnam’s food security. Currently, it also contributes a huge part to the value of total
export turnover promoting the industrialization and modernization of the country.
Vietnam has two major deltas, the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta. In
which, the Mekong Delta is the main rice exporter.
As of September 2019, the cultivated area of winter rice in the whole country
reached 1,558.1 thousand hectares, equaling 96.5% of the same period in 2018, of which
1,075.9 thousand hectares in the North, the South reached 482.2 thousand hectares. The
cultivated area of winter rice in the North in 2019 was low, of which the Red River Delta
region reached 497 thousand hectares, a decrease of 19.6 thousand hectares compared to
the crop in 2018; The Northern Midlands and Mountains reached 421.5 thousand
hectares, down 2.6 thousand hectares; The North Central Coast reached 157.4 thousand
hectares, a decrease of 6.3 thousand hectares. The main reason is that localities change
part of the rice-growing area to use for other purposes. In some localities, the area of
winter rice decreased significantly: Hanoi decreased by 5.4 thousand hectares; Thanh
Hoa decreased by 5.2 thousand hectares; Hai Phong decreased by 2.8 thousand hectares;
Phu Tho decreased by 2.3 thousand hectares. Up to now, early season rice tea in the
North is in the stage of sure grain and ripening, and has harvested 176.5 thousand
hectares, equaling 117.2% of the same period in 2018; the productivity was estimated at

50.2 quintal / ha, an increase of 0.7 quintal / ha.
The harvest progress of winter rice in 2019 is faster than the same period in 2018
due to being planted early. As of October 15, the whole country harvested 888.7 thousand
hectares, accounting for 54.8% of the cultivated area and equaling 101.7% of the same

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period last year. Although the weather in the hot season is hotter than the average for
many years, due to the alternating rainfall, the water source is guaranteed, farmers
actively nurture, rice grows and develops well, and the localities actively to change the
crop structure, use quality rice varieties, apply technical advances in production,
promptly prevent diseases on plants. However, due to the reduction of the cultivated area,
the output of winter rice in 2019 reached 8.09 million tons, down 176.6 thousand tons
compared to the previous season.
Along with the care and harvesting of winter rice, localities across the country
basically finished the summer-autumn rice production with the cultivated area reaching
2,009.3 thousand hectares, down 43.7 thousand hectares compared to the summer-autumn
crop. In 2018, in some localities, the area of summer-autumn rice decreased much: Kien
Giang decreased 14.4 thousand hectares due to changing the crop structure from summerautumn to autumn-winter; Tien Giang decreased by 11.9 thousand hectares; Binh Thuan
reduced by 4.7 thousand hectares; Dong Thap decreased 2.3 thousand hectares.
According to reports by localities, the whole country's summer-autumn rice yield in
2019 was estimated at 54.8 quintals / ha, an increase of 0.2 quintals / ha compared to the
previous summer-autumn crop, but due to the decrease in cultivated area, the output

Overall, the whole summer-autumn crop in 2019 reached 11.01 million tons, down 197
thousand tons. Of which, the Mekong River Delta reached 8.7 million tons, down 96.6
thousand tons.

I.2.
I.2.1.

Export activity of rice in Vietnam
Theory of rice export

Export is the activities of selling and transporting goods out of the Vietnamese
territory or into a special area located on the territory of Vietnam which is considered a
separate customs area under the provisions of law for production and business
development. Exports are more complex than domestic purchases on the basis of using
currency as payment method. Exports are the primary activity of foreign trade but play an
important role in international business.
Rice export is the activity of selling and transporting rice out of Vietnam territory to
other country in the world. Use currency as a payment method. Rice export is carried out
in accordance with the process and law.

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Rice exports contribute to the economic restructuring of our country, promote rice

production, and help solve food and employment problems in Vietnam as well as in the
world.
I.2.2.

Criteria for evaluating the quality of exported rice

To keep the brand as well as the price of rice exported, the state and enterprises will
have criteria to evaluate the quality of rice.
This is a very important issue to be able to export rice to foreign markets, because
each market will have different criteria for importing rice, so the exporters country must
pay more attention
Table 1.1: Export rice standards

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I.2.3. Rice policy in Vietnam
Rice export is not simply exporting rice to other markets but it must follow strict
policies and regulations on export issued by the Government.
The government has developed many policies to navigate, promote and develop rice
production through policies such as: land policies, investment and signals policies,
private agriculture policies, domestic rice distribution policies and international trade
policies.
a. Land policy

From the planned economy to the market economy. Vietnam took the first steps to
initially grant land use rights to farmers. Land policy is seen as a stepping stone, and the
first steps are important role.
In 1988, the government granted farmers the right to use the land for a period of 1015 years and to choose the varieties and crops along with the number of products
supplied to the market.
In 1993, the land law was revised. Farmers are allowed to choose the type of land use
and duration up to 20 years, but only apply to annual harvest crops. Particularly for
perennial crops, the term is up to 50 years. It can be seen that it is an important criterion
to make the effectiveness of rice production continuously increase over the years. It is
also through allowing people to exchange, transfer, lease, and mortgage.
From these positive effects, the Government has made policies to promote large-scale
commodity agricultural production through parallel farm development. While allowing a
transformation of production structure based on concentration of land and reduction rice
land.
b. Investment and credit policy
Over the years, the Government has attempted to renovate the irrigation system,
mainly in terms of infrastructure supporting rural production and development to invest
in agricultural. In the 90s, irrigation investment accounted for 70% of total investment in
the agricultural sector, especially is rice in the Mekong River Delta.
On official rural credit there is Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(VBARD). This is the Vietnam Bank for Farmers and the People's Credit Fund (PCF) to
help support rural finance and secure inputs for agricultural production; increase the

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application of technology in harvesting and exporting agricultural products; support
agricultural diversification; rural infrastructure improvement; poverty reduction and
natural disaster reduction. Ensuring farmers' loans and supporting poor farmers in remote,
mountainous areas. Particularly for rice growing households, the increase from 5 million
to 10 million without collateral.
c. Policy on agricultural materials
In the period of economic development, the role of the cooperative system is no
longer stable and developing but tends to decline. Whereas before that, materials were
distributed through cooperatives, materials were traded and provided freely.
Nowadays, the role of the private economy is gradually replaced and developed, so
the distribution of agricultural materials has gradually become important. Import tax on
fertilizers and pesticides is almost negligible. From these positive trends, the Government
also encourages farmers to improve rice varieties through the abolition of import tax on
seeds, price subsidies for hybrids, and subsidy for seed transportation to reach the target
of 70% of new rice varieties. The government also implements policies to subsidize
transportation of agricultural materials for mountainous areas and to subsidize fuel prices.
d. Domestic rice distribution policy
The system is a coherent and unified network. However, the rice distribution system
in Vietnam is very complicated, with many complicated links between buyers and sellers
such as agents, farmers, collectors, millers, wholesalers, retailers and state-owned
enterprises.
Since the 1980s, the policy change has positively contributed to the development of
the free rice distribution system in Vietnam. Domestic market barriers were removed,
allowing free development and competition between agents. The private economic sector
is increasingly expanding and playing an important role. Specifically, the private sector
currently accounts for about 95% of the domestic market share, a figure showing that the
role of state-owned enterprises in the domestic rice market has decreased.
e. International trade policy

In the early 1990s, to ensure national food security, the Government of Vietnam
controlled all rice exports through export permits and quotas and allowed only SOEs to
export rice.

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From 1991 to 1993, there were only 40 rice exporters in the country, mainly in the
South. The rice export system in that period was ineffective and affected many other
problems, especially farmers' income.
By 1997, it was reduced from the original 40 companies to only 17 exporting rice
companies.
From 1998 onwards, in order to increase and promote the efficiency of rice exports,
the government allowed the private sector to participate in international trade activities.
In 1999, joint ventures were allowed to export rice if a suitable partner was found.By
2000, according to statistics, the country had 47 rice exporting companies. However, the
private company's share of the total rice export quantity is still very small. Specifically,
up to 1998, private enterprises exported only 185,000 tons of rice, accounting for about
4% of the total 4 million tons.
I.2.4. Supply and demand of Vietnam’s rice market
Supply and demand is an important determinant of exports. As for rice export, the
demand and supply of rice is always a matter of concern. Vietnam is a developing
country in the direction of industrialization and modernization. The effects such as price
volatility, accompanied by rumors of rice production shortage or excess, have affected

consumer psychology and behavior. The rice export restriction has led consumers to
believe that the rice supply is not enough for the domestic market, thus restricting the
export to the market. In the long term, that's the case at all. In the short term, there has
been a surge in demand while supply remains stable. The reason for the increase in
demand was due to the continuous publication of the world food crisis, which made
people believe that the world was short of rice. Regarding the law of supply and demand
of the economy, it is not surprising that rice prices continue to rise, as price increases will
help to reduce demand and encourage supply.
In 2008, the market was scarce about 2 million tons of rice mainly because this was
the condition that helped rice prices rise to new prices.
Currently the rice market is fluctuating very strongly, especially Vietnamese rice.
Most rice prices increased by about 35-40 USD / ton in the past year. It is forecasted that
prices will continue to increase because world rice supply and demand will continue to be
imbalanced when demand reaches 418.19 million tons, but supply is only about 416
million tons. We are expected to be able to export 5 million tons of rice, but it has

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decreased from 4.5 to 4 million tons, driven by the government to balance the domestic
food source, enough to satisfy the people at reasonable prices.
However, the domestic rice supply and demand situation is getting better. According
to statistics, the total output reached 18.8 million tons, domestic consumption reached 9.6
million tons, rice commodity is 9.2 million tons, equivalent to 4.6 million tons of rice.

Average purchasing price increased to 4,550 - 4,850 VND/kg, much higher than 4,000
VND/kg. This is a good sign for the farmers and also a stabilization of the market.

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II.

Chapter 2: Analysis of Vietnam’s rice export

II.1. Process of Vietnam’s rice export
A complete export process will help exporters save time and manpower. For the rice
export, exporters must follow the correct process and law.
The rice export process has the following steps:
 Step 1: Send the sample, after receiving the buyer's request to purchase and
provide the necessary information. The importer will ask the exporter to
send the samples with the correct quality.
 Step 2: After the importer accepts the sample, the two parties will negotiate
the terms in the contract such as: Price, production time, delivery location,
payment method, shipping
 Step 3: Signing a contract: This is one of the most important steps of the
export process, after the two sides agree on the terms, the contract will be
signed by fax or signed in Vietnam (in case partnership to Vietnam)
 Step 4: Open international payment: The importer will open the

international payment procedure as agreed in the contract in the form of
L/C, T/T. Enterprises need to check the valuable vouchers to see if the
content is correct as in the agreement, should notify the partner to correct
immediately if the payment conditions are not in accordance with the
agreement.
 Step 5: Prepare the goods: prepare the goods with the right quality and
output standards as in the signed contract. Note about the delivery time, the
exporter must check the goods carefully before they are shipped for export.
All must be completed before the contract deadline and international billing
deadline.
 Step 6: Inland transport: Goods are packed into the correct supply container
according to the quantity signed with the customer in the contract and
transported to the port. Before the goods arrive at the port of export, the
goods must have a full set of documents such as a certificate of origin, a
certificate of goods inspection, an invoice ...
 Step 7: International transportation: Usually shipped on CIF or FOB terms.
Ensure safety for the goods.

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 Step 8: Send payment documents: the enterprise brings all documents and
documents of the exported shipment to the bank where it registered for an
account to apply for international payment. All contents of the voucher

must be completely accurate compared with the bank's valuable voucher,
the payment will save time for the business.
 Step 9: Receive money: Depending on the payment case signed in the
contract, the importer will pay differently. For example, in the case of
paying by L/C, 7-10 days after the bank has approved the documents of the
business, the money will be fully transferred to the enterprise's account. In
case of payment by T/T, importer will transfer money when the goods are
on board or arrived at the port of destination.
II.2. Procedures of Vietnam’s rice export
To be able to export rice according to the correct process, you need to complete
the following procedures:
Certificate of eligibility for rice export business
 Enterprise registration and established in accordance with the law
 Having at least one specialized warehouse with a minimum capacity of
5,000 tons of paddy, one facility for milling, dead rice and rice with a
minimum capacity of 10 tons of paddy / hour according to the general
regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
promulgate.
Registration of rice export contracts
 The written proposal, the original or a copy of the signed rice export
contract
 The original report on available paddy and rice, clearly stating the total
amount of paddy and rice the trader has available in the warehouse, specific
address and the amount of paddy and rice in each warehouse of paddy and
rice of the trader.
 A valid copy of the valid certificate of eligibility for rice export business
Necessary documents when submitting to customs
 Customs declaration, contract, invoice, packing list, bill of lading, C/O (if
any)

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 Certificate of eligibility for rice export business or a consignment contract
of the company to export and a company has enough conditions to export
rice
 Rice export contract registration certificate
II.3. Vietnam’s export rice price
II.3.1. The quantity and export rice price

Rice Export From 2015-2020
Billion USD
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6.57
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3.15
6.15

5.79

2.78

6.26

2.76

2.62

4.88

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4.61
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output
value

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Million tons

YEAR

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OUTPU
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tons)

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VALUE
(Billion

USD)

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Figure 1: Rice export situation from 2015 to 2020 (According to the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development)
The VFA report said that in 2015, the amount of exported rice reached 6.568 million

tons, the FOB value reached 2.68 billion USD, the CIF value reached 2.78 billion USD.
Average export price reached 407.97 USD / ton FOB. With this result, the number of
exports increased by 4%, but the FOB value decreased by nearly 4%, the CIF value
decreased by nearly 6%, the average export price decreased by 33.7% USD / ton
compared to 2014. With the result This fruit, Vietnam's rice export in 2015 ranked third
after India (10.23 million tons) and Thailand (9.55 million tons).
In 2016 was an unfavorable year for Vietnam's rice industry, with stagnant rice
exports resulting in lower prices for rice and rice. Rice export quantity in 2016 reached
4.88 million tons and 2.2 billion USD, down 25.8% in quantity and 21.2% in value
compared to 2015.
In 2017, the rice export turnover reached 5.79 million tons, up 20.4% compared to
2016, the value reached about 2.62 billion USD, up 21.2%. The average fob price for
export was 451.9 USD / ton, up 0.7%, equivalent to an increase of 3 USD / ton compared
to the export price in 2016.
In 2018, export rice will maintain its growth momentum, expected to reach 6.15
million tons with a turnover of $ 3.15 billion, up 5.7% in quantity and 19.6% in value
over the year. 2017.
In 2019, the whole country exported 6.37 million tons of rice, equivalent to 2.81
billion USD, up 4.1% in quantity but down 8.4% in turnover compared to 2018. Export
price reached 440, 7 USD / ton, down 12.1%. According to preliminary data of the
General Department of Customs, Vietnam's rice exports, after a 3-month decline in a row,
by the end of 2019 increased sharply, up 36.7% in quantity and 35.6% in quantity.
turnover compared to the previous month, reaching 499,573 tons, earning 227.97 million
USD; Compared to the same month in 2018, it only increased slightly by 4.5% in
quantity but decreased by 0.5% in turnover.
According to statistical sources of the General Department of Customs, in the first
eight months of 2020, Vietnam's rice exports not only increase in quantity but also
increase in export prices. Rice output reached 605,566 tons, average price 502.6

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USD/ton, turnover 304.33 million, up to 26.3% in quantity, up to 3.8% in price and 31%
in turnover compared to July.
Vietnam has exported nearly 4.61 million tons of rice, the average price is 489.2
USD/ton, turnover is over 2.25 billion USD, increasing in both quantity, price and
turnover over the same period in 2019, with the corresponding increase is 0.6%, 13% and
12.4%.
 The high price of rice for export is partly due to the fact that many countries
around the world have the need to buy and hoard from the Covid-19 outbreak.
This is partly due to the remarkable improvement in Vietnamese rice quality in
recent years.
II.3.2. The quality and categories of rice export in Vietnam
a. The quality of rice export in Vietnam
The price of rice for export increases due to increased rice quality. To achieve
that, the Vietnamese agricultural sector has followed many strict cultivation processes
to ensure the correct quality of rice seeds and improve production efficiency.
For example:
“3 decreases, 3 increases” programs; "1 must, 5 decrease", "1 must, 6 decrease".
Raising awareness and production level of farmers has helped reduce pest and diseases
across the country, and serious diseases in rice have also been absent. The use of science
and limited use of plant protection drugs makes the amount of pesticides in rice almost
nonexistent.
Implement the Global GAP cooperative model to attract farmers to participate in

production.
Applying science and technology in cultivation, researching and breeding new types of
rice suitable to soil conditions, with high yield and quality against pests and diseases.
Thus Vietnam’s agriculture has high quality rice such as: ST24, ST25, Jasmine
85, Tai Nguyen, Dao market, Nang Hoa, ... Especially, ST 25 rice is honored as the
best rice. The world has enhanced its position in terms of quality and brand value of
Vietnamese rice.

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b. The categories of rice export in Vietnam
Along with the development of rice quality, it is the categories of rice. The State
of Vietnam has made decisions to breed new varieties, promote the development of
farming, produce and export high quality rice varieties.
The cultivated area of fragrant rice in the provinces of the Mekong River Delta
annually reaches about 25% of the total cultivated area (equivalent to about 1 million
ha), aromatic rice production is estimated at 5.5 million tons, equivalent to about 3.5
million tons of fragrant rice.
Exported white rice and fragrant rice tended to increase while other rice products fell
sharply in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Specifically, the
quantity of exported white rice is 791.36 thousand tons, which is the amount of rice with
the highest export quantity. Accounting for 56.3% of the total rice export quantity of
Vietnam. Compared to the same period in 2018, it increased to 12.1%. Exported fragrant

rice was 483.9 thousand tons and increased by 8.8% over the same period in 2018. In
contrast, Japanese rice varieties decreased by 47.7%. The group of brown rice, organic
rice, and dragon blood rice decreased by 63.4%. The categories of rice for export with the
biggest decrease was sticky rice with 64.3%.
Decree No.103/2020/ND-CP dated 4/9/2020 of the Government regulating the
certification of fragrant rice exported to EU. Therefore, Vietnam's fragrant rice is
qualified and qualified for export to the EU market.
Under the EVFTA Agreement, the EU will grant Vietnam a quota of 80,000 tons of
rice with a 0% tax rate on milled, unmilled and fragrant rice. Including 30,000 tons of
fragrant rice in the quota, according to the EVFTA Agreement, there are 9 aromatic rice
varieties: Jasmine 85, ST 20, ST 5, Nang Hoa 9, VD 20, RVT, OM 4900, OM 5451 and
Tai Originally Cho Dao.
II.3.3. Vietnam’s rice export market
Vietnam has exported rice to about 150 countries and territories around the world
(2017), of which the Asian market accounted for 68.41% of the total rice export quantity,
followed by the African market with 14.93%. and America market accounts for 6.54%,
Oceania accounts for 5%. In which China and the Philippines are one of the top rice
importers of Vietnam.
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China is one of the top rice importers of Vietnam. In 2017, the amount of rice
exported to China reached 2.29 million tons, with 39.5% of the total export quantity.
In 2018, the amount of rice that China imported was 1.33 million tons and the export

value was 683.36 million USD, down by nearly 1 million tons compared to 2017, but
China is still the leading country in import. Vietnamese rice.
In 2019, China is no longer the leading rice importer of Vietnam, but instead is the
Philippines. In the first 5 months of 2019, the Chinese market only imported nearly 224
thousand tons of rice, worth more than 111.3 million, down nearly 74% over the same
period in 2018 (according to the Ministry of Industry and Trade - Report of the Export
Department. import).
And at the first 5 months of 2020, the amount of rice exported to China reached
429,261 tons, equivalent to 257.37 million, the average price is 599.6/ton, accounting for
nearly 13.9% of the total quantity and nearly 17, 2% of the total rice export turnover of
the country; up 92.4% in quantity, up 131.2% in turnover and up 20% in price.
The Philippines is also one of the top rice importers of Vietnam. From 2019 until
now, the Philippines has always held its position as the largest rice importer of Vietnam.
In 2017, the Philippines was Vietnam's second largest rice importer after China, with
Vietnam's rice export to the country was 552.9 thousand tons and the export value
reached $ 222.6 million, an increase of 40. % compared to 2016
In 2018, Vietnam's rice export quantity to the Philippines reached 1.02 million tons
and the export value was 459.52 million USD. In 2019, the Philippines became the top
rice importer of Vietnam, the amount of rice exported to the Philippines reached 2.13
million tons of rice with a value of $ 885 million, accounting for 38.6% of the country's
total exports. The output and export value in 2019 will be double that of 2018. In the first
5 months of 2020, the amount of rice exported reached 1.3 million tons, earning 598.61
million USD, equivalent to 459.6 USD / ton. Only the amount of rice exported to this
country accounts for more than 41% of the total rice export quantity of Vietnam and
accounts for nearly 40% of the total turnover, compared to the same period in 2019 an
increase of 22.4% in quantity, an increase of 41.4% in turnover. turnover and increase
15.5% in price.

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Figure 2: Top 10 rice export markets of Vietnam get the most price in the first 5
months of 2020

Source: Vietnambiz, top 10 thị trường xuất khẩu nhiều nhât trong 5 tháng đầu năm 2020

In addition, in the first 5 months of 2020. Rice exports increased over the same
period last year. Strong increase in some markets such as Senegal with 26 times in
quantity and 18.3 times in turnover, reaching 28,435 tons and equivalent to 9.73 million
USD.
Indonesia increased 130.8% in quantity and 192.1% in turnover, reaching 34,986
tons, equivalent to 19.83 million USD.
Export to France increased 164.2% in quantity and 171.6% in turnover, reaching
1,918 tons, equivalent to 1.11 million USD.
Rice exports fell sharply in some markets such as Brunei, down nearly 92% in both
quantity and turnover, Algeria down 92.9% in quantity and 89% in turnover; Angola
reduced 89% in quantity and turnover; Turkey decreased 77% in quantity and 83% in
turnover; The US decreased by 75.5% in quantity and 69.2% in turnover.

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