Báo cáo " Tính tích cực của giảng viên trong việc chuẩn bị lên lớp " potx

TINH TICH CUC CUA GIANG VIEN
I
TRONG VIEC CHUAN BI LEN LOP
Nguyin Thj Tinh
Trudng DHSP
Hd
Ngi
Qua nghien
cim,cho
thay: Da sd gilng vien (GV)
dupe
nghien
cihi
nhan
thiic tuong ddi dly
dii
va diing
din
vd boat dpng su pham, cd thai dp gilng day
chu yeu d
miic
tfch
cue
va rat tfch cue. Vay, trong viee ehuln bi len ldp thi tinh
tfch cue (TTC) cua GV nhu the nao?
1.
Thuc trang tinh tich
cue
cua giang vien trong viec xac dinh va
lua chpn muc tieu day hpc; npi dung day hpc; phuang phap day hpc;
phuong tien day hoc va tai lieu tham khao

Bdng 1: Bdng sd'lieu tdng hgp
mire
do "chuan bi
tru&c
khi len
l&p"
eua
GV
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Npi dung chuan bi
Muc tieu day hpc
Npi dung day hpc
Phuang phap day hpc
Phuang tien day hpc
Tai lieu tham khao
DTB
3,73
3,75
3,53
3,04
3,61
DLC
0,63
0,62
0,72

0,83
0,68
Chii
thich:
Tfnh diem phan loai theo 4
miic
dp sau
Miic
dp 1: Rat tich
cue
(Tfch
cue
d
miic
dp
cao):
4 < DTB <5.
Miic
dp 2: Tich
cue
d
miic
dp trung binh: 3 < DTB < 4.
Mire
do
3:
It tich
cue:
2 < DTB < 3.
Mire

dp 4: Khong tich
cue:
1
<
DTB
< 2.
Vdi DTB cua cac npi dung chuan bi ddu d trong khoing nhd hon 4 va
ldn ban 3 ehiing td: GV ehuln bi mue tieu day hpc, npi dung day hpc, phuong
phap day hpc, phuang tien day hpc va tai lieu tham
khIo
trude khi len ldp chi
dat d
miic
trung binh. Trong dd phuang phap day hpc va phuong tien day hpc
TAP CHI
TAM
LY HOC,
Sd 9 (126), 9 - 2009
29
cd mire dp thap nhat. Sd dT cd ket qua tren la do trong qua
trinb
chuan bi GV
gap phai nhidu khd khan. Qua
tim
hidu chiing tdi thay, nhung khd khan ma GV
gap phai nhu: do chua
nim
vung ky nang xac dinh muc
tieu
day hpc nen khd

xac dinh muc tieu thai dp trong day hpc; do ca sd vat chat kem, chua dap
ling
vdi yeu clu ddi mdi; do sd lupng SV cua mot ldp qua dong va do tfnh chat cua
npi dung mdn hpc
nen
khd xac dinh he thdng phuang phap day hpc, phuang
tien
day hpc; hoac do khdi luang kien thiic qua ldn, thdi gian ban che, nhidu
ndi dung da lac hau
nen
khd xac dinh npi dung day hpc
2.
Tinh
tich cue
giang day cua giang vien the hien qua viec thiet ke
bai giang (soan giao an)
2.1.
Quan diem ciia gidng
vienve
viec soan gido dn
tru&c
khi len
l&p
Bdng 2: Cdc quan diem ve viec soan gido dn
trU&c
khi len
l&p
cua GV DH
STT
1

2
•-
3
•4 •••
5
6
7
. 8
9
10
Cac quan diem
GA la yeu clu
bit
bupc vdi giao vien phd thong khi len ldp
Ddi vai GVDH co the co
hoac-
khong co GA khi len ldp
Thudng GV tre khi mdi vao nghd thi span GA rat
cin
than
con cac GV lau nam thi it*hoac khong
cin
thiet soan GA khi
len ldp
GV vira giang day, vira nghien
ciiu,
vira viet dd cuang bai
giang, giao
trinh^
SGK,

cac tailieu TK nen khong
cin
soan GA ma len ldp GD
vin
hieu qua
La GV trudc khi len ldp nhat thiet phli soan GA
GA hoan toan soan theo giao trinh
Soan GA theo giao trinh va co bd sung
Soan mpt lan rdi nam sau
cii
the gilng tiep
Soan mpt lan rdi tuy tirng ldp va gilng day phu hpp
Thudng xuyen ddi mdi GA cho
phii
hpp vdi thuc tidn
Tdng
TB
4,30
2,55
2,69
2,61
4,16
2,31
4,03
2,09
3,50
4,31
DLC"
0,71
0,93

0,94
0,93
0,90
0,73
0,57
0,62
0,88
0,67
Ke't qua tren cho thay: '
•
Ve vdn de cd cdn soan gido dn hay khdng
tru&c
khi len
l&p:
Hau bet cac
y kien ddu "ddng y" va "hoan toan ddng y" cho
ring:
"Giao an la
yeu
clu
bit
bupc vdi giao
vien
phd thdng khi len ldp" va "Giang vien trudc khi len ldp nhat
thiet phli soan giao an". Didu dd cung ddng nghTa vdi viec cd rat nhidu y kien
"phin
ddi" quan didm cho
ring:
"Ddi vdi GVDH cd the cd giao an hoac khdng
cd giao an khi len ldp" hay "GV vira giang day, vira nghien cim, vira viet dd

cuang bai giang, giao trinh va sach giao khoa, cac tai lieu tham khao nen
30
TAP
CHI'
TAM
Ly
HOC,
Sd 9
(126),
9 - 2009
khdng can soan giao an ma len ldp gilng day
vin
hieu qua". Va ca quan didm
"Thudng GV tre khi mdi vao nghd thi soan giao an rat
cin
than, cdn cac GV
lau nam thi ft hoac khong
cin
thie't soan giao an khi len ldp" ciing vay. Tuy
nhien, didu dd khong cd nghTa la khong cd ngudi ddng y vdi cac quan diem
nay. Theo thdng ke cua chiing toi cho thay: VIn cdn cd khoing 20% y kien
"ddng y" va 18% y
kie'ri
"phan van" (d mpt sd quan didm con sd nay cao ban
mpt chiit). Ket qua nay ciing rat phu hop khi chiing toi phdng van SV va didu
tra tren SV cho thay: Cd tdi 34,8% y kien SV "khong ddng y va phan van" khi
dupe hdi "GV cua ban ludn cd giao an khi len ldp". Nhu vay, cd the thay mot
sd lupng khdng nhd SV xac nhan GV len ldp khdng cd giao an. Trong thuc te,
cd nhidu GV len ldp khong cd giao an. Didu nay cd the do cac GV rat "tham
slu" vao tai lieu giang day; tham chf nhidu GV khdng chi nghien

ciiu
ma cdn
viet giao trinh, dd cuong bai gilng
nen
vdi GV, giao an giang day da d trong
"dau", do vay khi len ldp khong
cin
cd giao an. Cdn theo chiing toi
dii
GV cd
viet giao trinh hay khong thi GV
vin cin
phli cd giao an khi len ldp va dd la
nguyen
tic.
Giao an la yeu clu
bit
bupc vdi bat
eii
giao vien d bae hpc nao.
Han niia, khdng phli khi nao mpi
thii
"trong
diu"
ciing ddu thuc hien
dupe,
d6i
khi
cQng
quen, va tfnh

I6glc,
tinh he thdng cd thd bi vi pham.
2.2.
Thuc trgng viec soan gido dn cua gidng vien dai
hoc
Qua cac sd
Heu
d blng 3 chiing ta thay: Vdi DTBC = 3,66 va DLC
=
0,70 va DTB cua tat cl cac tieu chf cua viec soan giao an ddu dat d
miic
3 <
DTB < 4, chiing td cac GV dupe nghien
ciiu
thuc hien viec soan giao an chu
ye'u d
miic
dp trung binh. Ket qua cu thd nhu sau:
-
Ve
viec lua chgn mau (kieu) gido dn
Trong cae kidu giao an, GV chu yeu soan theo kieu
thii
3: "Ket hop giao
an truyen thdng vdi mot sd phan mdm tin hpc nhu phan mdm trinh chieu
Powerpoint " va kidu giao an "truydn thdng". Cdn "giao an dien tir" ed
miic
dp thap nha't. Nhung khi xem xet
miic
dp thuc hien cae kidu giao an thi GV

"thuc hien tdt va rat tdt" kidu giao an truydn thdng cd
miic
dp cao hon so vdi
kieu ke't hop (74,2% so vdi 63%) va ngupc lai
miic
do thuc hien "tuang ddi tdt"
d kidu ke't hpp lai cao ban nhidu so vdi kidu giao an truydn thd'ng
(34,1%
so vdi
20,3%).
Didu nay chiing td GV
vin
cd thdi quen soan theo mlu giao an truyen
thdng, cdn cac mlu giao an theo hudng "ddi mdi" cd thuc hien nhung mdi chi
la budc
diu nen
chi dat
miic
dp trung binh. Sd
dT
cd ke't
qui
nay theo chiing t6i
mpt phan do cac kidu giao an mdi khd thuc hien ban va phai
diu
tu vd thdi gian
va cdng
siic
soan nhieu ban. Mat khac, ban
thin

cac GV khdng phai ai ciing cd
thd sir dung thanh thao ve cdng nghe thdng tin va trong thuc
te"
thi
khdng phai
bai nao hoac ndi dung nao cung cd the soan
dupe
theo hudng ddi mdi dd. Vl
vly,
tuy con sd "thuc hien tdt" viec soan giao an theo giao an dien tir va ket hop
trinh chie'u Powerpoin khong that cao nhung
cUng
la didu dang mirng, vi chiing
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC
Sd 9 (126), 9 - 2009 31
td gilng vien duac nghien
eiiu
da cap nhat cai mdi va cd thd
sin
sang ddi mdi
each
soan giao an.
Bdng 3: Thirc trgng viec soan gido dn cua GV DH
STT
1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Cac tieu chi
Soan theo mlu giao an truydn thdng
Soan theo mlu giao an dien tit
Ke't hpp giao an truyen thdng vdi mpt sd
phin
mdm tin hpc
nhu phan mem trinh chieu Powerpoint
Tham khao SGK, giao trinh va cac
tii
lieu tham khao
Hieu duac muc tieu mon hoc, bai hoc

Nim
vimg, hieu sau noi dung mon hpc minh phu trach
Phan tfch ky luang dac diem ddi tupng va mdi quan he didn
ra tren ldp ciing nhu quan he
thIy
- tro
Du doan
nhiing
thuan
Ipi
va khd khan cua SV khi
ITnh
hpi
bai mdi
Du kie'n nhirng tinh hudng su pham co the
nly
sinh trong
qua trinh giang day
Xac dinh muc tieu bai hoc
Xac dinh chfnh xac khdi lupng kien thiic, ky nang, ky xao
ma SV phli thu nhan
Xac dinh thdi lupng cho tirng npi dung kien thiic thich hpp
Lira
chpn hinh thiic td chirc len ldp
Du kien nhiing dang hanh dpng
cin
td
chUc
cho SV thuc
hien dd

ITnh
hoi bai mdi
Lira
chpn he thdng phuang
phip
day hpc phu hop vdi npi
dung va mang tfnh tfch
cue
Lira
chpn he thdng phuang tien day hpc
phii hcfp
vdi npi
dung va phuang phap, cd uu tien sir dung cac phuang tien
day hpc hien dai
Sir dung tfch
cue
cac thao tac tu duy de nghien ciru cac tai
lieu, cap nhat thong tin, tim cai mdi dua vao npi dung giang
day
Hinh dung
dupe
tdc dp, tie'n trinh
ciia
bai giang va hieu qua
cua viec su dung
phuang
^hap,
phuang tien day hoc
Tu danh gia ve kha nang thuc thi giao an
ciia minh

Tom
tit
giao an (hpc thuoc, thoat ly giao an)
Co didu kien co thd tap giang theo giao an da soan (giang
thir)
Soan day du theo qui trinh cac budc len ldp
TBC
Tdng
TB
3,75
3,23
3,82
3,88
3,94
3,99
3,50
3,46
3,45
3,88
3,79
3,69
3,64
3,65
3,77
3,66
3,57
3,61
3,58
3,64
3,38

3,68
3,66
DLC
0,80
0,98
0,84
0,54
0,54
0,54
0,63
0,62
0,65
0,56
0,62
0,63
0,59
1,66
0,54
0,63
0,62
0,59
0,59
0,72
0,87
0,66
0,70
32
TAP CHI
TAM
Ly

HOC Sd 9 (126), 9 - 2009
- Ve cdc tieu chi soan gido dn khdc
Viec soan giao an mudn hieu
qui
phai thuc hien tdt nhidu cae
yeu
clu
khac.
Tir viec hidu muc tieu bai hpc, m6n hpc, tham khao sach hudng
din,
lua
chpn hinh thiic, phuong phap td chiic,
khi
nang thuc thi giao an cua GV, du
doan thuan lai va khd khan cua SV qua ket qua nghien
ciiu
cho thay: Mire dp
thuc hien cac npi dung tren
ciia
GV cung
chii
yeu dat d
mire
"tuong ddi tdt"
(DTB cua cac yeu clu cdn lai cung chi
nim
trong khoang 3 < DTB < 4). Didu
dd the hien eac GVDH da cd TTC trong viee soan giao an song chi d
miic
trung

binh.
Xem xet cu thd ban su
phin
phdi
miie
dp didm dat
dupe
ciing cho thay:
Trong toan mlu, chu yeu khach thd dat mire diem vira phli (trung binh) tir 3
de'n 4 (210 GV chiem 71,4%). Dly la nhiing
.GV
thuc hien tuong ddi tdt viec
soan giao an. Chi cd
71
GV, chiem 24,1% trong toan mlu cd 4 < DTB < 5 la
miic
didm eao. Dd la nhung GV thuc hien tdt va rat tdt viec soan giao an, va
cung the hien TTC d
miic
dp cao. Sd cdn lai la cd miic didm thap. Didu nay
cang khang dinh them nhan dinh: Da sd GV cd TTC d
miic
trung binh trong
viec soan giao an.
Ngoai ra, TTC soan giao an cua GV cdn dupe thd hien d su
diu
tu vd
thdi gian va su nd luc
khic
phuc nhiing khd khan trong qua trinh soan giao an.

Khi dupe hdi: "Di day mot tiet tren ldp
thIy
(c6) thudng mat bao nhieu thdi
gian dd soan bai ?
Vi
sao? Va "Trong qua trinh soan giao an thay e6 thudng
gap phai nhung khd khan nao?
Khic
phuc ra sao?". Cae GV eho
ring:
Di soan
mdt giao an day 1 tiet dam
bio
tuong ddi dly du cac yeu clu nhu treh thi trung
binh
mlt
khoing 3-6h; tuy nhien, cd thd vai ngay hoac kh6ng thd dinh trudc
thdi gian ma tuy ndi dung tiet giang.
VI
mpi
thii
kh6ng phai cai gi ciing cd
sin.
Ngoai ra, neu soan theo giao an ddi mdi thi cd khi mat tdi hang tuan va phai
diu
tu kh6ng chi thdi gian ma tham chf cl tidn bae nua Trong qua trinh soan
giao an, GV ciing gap phli kha nhidu khd khan nhu: Thieu tri thiic thuc tidn va
thong tin mdi cap nhat; thieu tai lieu tham
khIo;
khd

gin
ly luan vdi thuc tidn;
kie'n thiic nhidu nhung khd
chit
lpc
(lira
chpn); khd xac dinh mue tieu, du kie'n
tinh hudng su pham, dinh lupng va phan bd thdi gian hpp ly cho cac tiet hpe
Tuy nhien, cac
thIy
co ddu tu minh lien he, tim
each khic
phuc dd dam
bio
gid
day va nhiem vu cua minh nhu: Tfch
cue
tham gia cae khoa tap huan ve ddi
mdi ndi dung, phuang phap day hpc dai hpc; tham gia cac hpi
thio,
bao cao
chuyen dd; dpc va nghien
ciiu
cac ngudn tai lieu khac nhau; tham
khIo
y kien
cac chuyen gia va hpe hdi nhung ngudi di trudc Viec cd
gIng khic
phuc
nhiing khd khan trong qua trinh soan giao an

ciia
GV da noi len
phin
nao
TTCGD cua GV khi thuc hien cdng doan nay.
Di khlng dinh them ket
qui
nghien
ciiu,
chiing tdi tim hidu y kien danh
gia cua SV vd viec soan giao an
eiia
GV.
TAP CHI TAM LY
HOC,
Sd 9 (126), 9 - 2009 33
Bdng 4: Ddnh gid
ciia
SV ve viec soan gido dn
ciia
GV
STT
1
2
3
4
Cac quan diem
Khi len ldp giang vien cua ban luon co giao an
Giang vien sir dung giao an truyen thdng
Giang vien sir dung giao an dien tir .

Giang \'ien sir dung giao an truyen thdng ket hpp vdi
phin
mem trinh chieu Powerpoint
Tdng
TB
3,74
3,13
3,35
3,69
DLC
1,00
1,02
1,02
1,04
Didu
diu
tien nhan thay qua blng sd lieu tren la DTB cua tat cl cac
menh di chi dat d
miic
trung binh (3 < DTB <4). Va ket
qui
nay cung
rl't phii
hop vdi danh gia
ciia
GV khi trong cae kidu giao an
dupe
GV sir dung giang
day,
thi

giao an truyen thdng ket hop vdi
phin
mdm trinh chie'u Powerpoint
duoc GV sir dung nhidu ban cl mac
dii
mire dp chua that cao (68% y kien SV).
Cung nhu chiing
t6i
da phan tfch d
phin
tren,
khi tri ldi
menh dd "Khi len ldp
GV
eiia
ban lu6n cd
giao
an" mac
dii
DTB trong blng tren la cao nhat (3,74)
nhung cdn cd tdi 34,8% sd y kien khdng ddng y hoac cdn phan van vd didu
nay. Ket qua nay chiing td SV danh
gia
TTC soan
giao
an cua GV chua cao, chi
d
miic
tfch cue trung binh.
Tdm lai: TTC cua GV trong viec ehuln bi len ldp

chi
dat d
miic
tfch
cue
trung
binh.
Didu nay cd Inh hudng nhat dinh de'n TTCGD tren ldp cua GV.
Vay
thi;c
trang TTCGD tren ldp
ciia
GV nhu the nao? Viec ehuln bi len ldp va
viec giang day tren ldp cd mdi quan he ra sao? Dd la nhimg van dd
cin
tie'p tuc
dupe nghien
ciiu.
34
TAP
CHI'TAM
Ly
HOC Sd 9 (126), 9 - 2009