Báo cáo khoa học:Cống hiến to lớn của chủ tịch Hồ Chí MInh về độc lập dân tộc và chủ nghĩa xã hội doc

CONG HIEN TO
LON
CUA CHU
TjCH HO CHI
MINH
V!6
BOc
LAP
DAN
TOC
VA
CHU
NGHIA
XA
HOI
PGS.
TS. T6 Huy
RiJa*
Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ia
sU
ket tinh nhu'ng gi tot dep, du tu nha't cua tri tue va
tU
tudng, tinh cam va dao ddc, nhan
each
va loi song cua con ngu'di va dan
toe
Viet Nam.
Ngu'di tieu bieu cho cdt
each
va ban
linh cQa

dan
toe,
cho ban
sic
van hda cua dan
toe
Viet Nam td truyen thdng de'n hien
dai.
Chu tich Ho chi Minh
dpe
dien van
l<hai
mac Dai hoi dai bieu tean quo'c lan thuf 3 cua Dang (thang 9 nam
1960)
Anil:
TU
lieu
1-
Ho Chi IVllnh, nha
tuTti^cfng
mac-xit sang
tao
Dd la Cdn ngddi Viet
Nam dep nha't, gian dj va
vT dai, hien than eua nhdng
gia trj van hda ehan - thien
- my khdng nhdng eua dan
tpc Viet Nam ma cdn thupc
ve nhan
loai.

Uy vien Bp
Chinh
tri, Bi
thu
Tmng
ifong
Dang, TnJdng Ban Tuyen giap
Tnjng
uong, Chu tich Hpi dpng Ly
luan Tmng UPng.
Khi da tlm tha'y con
dddng
each
mang va nhan
thdc ddpe chan ly eua thdi
dai each mang nhd giac ngd
chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin, vdi
sd cd vu cua Cach mang
Thang Mddi Nga (1917),
Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd Chf
Minh da ddn tat ea nd Idc
va tinh Idc cua ddi
minh
de
thdc hien den cung ly tUdng
va muc tieu each mang: dbc
lap dan tpc va ehu nghTa xa
hdi,
ddc lap dan tdc gan
lien vdi ehu nghTa xa hdi.

Bdi the, sU nghiep ma
Hd Chl Minh theo dudi va
hien dang khdng
ehi
la giai
phdng dan tpc ma cdn phat
trien dan tpc Viet Nam,
thdc hien chu nghTa xa hpi
va chu nghTa cpng san bang
each mang vd san do dpi
tien phong eua giai cap
cdng nhan la Dang Cpng
san lanh dao.
tP
CHI THONG TIH OOI NGOtlSO
TS
2010
I
HI/6NG
DAN CHi DAO
Td mdt ngddi yeu nddc,
ngddi ehien sT da'u tranh
cho dpe lap, td do cua dan
tdc Viet Nam, Nguydn Ai
Qudc - Ho Chf Minh trd
thanh mdt ngddi cpng san,
vdi lap trddng kien djnh
eua ehu nghTa Mac - Le-
nin.
Ngddi y thdc sau sac

rang,
each mang Viet Nam
la mpt bd phan cua each
mang the
gidi,
dau tranh
vl ddc lap, td do, hanh
phue eua nhan dan va dan
tdc Viet Nam cung ddng
thdi gdp
phin
vao phong
trao each mang the
gidi,
vao ebng cude giai phdng
cac dan tdc bj ap bde. Td
tudng giai phdng dan tpc
cua NgUdi khdng
ehi
rpi
sang eon dddng da'u tranh
cua dan tdc Viet Nam ma
cdn cd anh hudng to Idn va
sau sac tdi cupc da'u tranh
giai phbng cua eac dan toe
bj ap bde d cac nude thupc
dja va phu thudc bdi chu
nghTa de qud'e, chu nghTa
thdc dan trong the ky 20.
Trong hoat ddng thUc tien

each mang, Hd Chf Minh
khdng chl tranh da'u eho
dan toe
minh
ma edn tranh
da'u cho td do va cbng ly, vl
quyen sdng, quyen td do,
mdu eau hanh phue, vl
pham gia eon ngddi eua
cac dan toe tren toan the
gidi.
Ngddi la hien than va
bieu tddng can dep cua chu
nghTa yeu nUdc va ehu
nghTa qudc te chan chfnh.
VI
le dd, Hd Chf Minh
khdng ehl la lanh tu cua
dan tdc Viet Nam ma edn
la ngUdi ban Idn, than thiet
eua nhan dan cac dan tpc
tren the
gidi.
Td tddng va sd
nghiep cua NgUdi ed sdc cd
vu va anh hUdng dac biet
sau sac ddi vdi eae dan tdc
bj ap
bde
dang da'u tranh

ehd'ng ehu nghTa
de
qudc
va ehu nghTa thdc dan vl
doc lap td do, vl hda
binh,
dan chu va tien bd xa hdi.
The gidi tdn vinh NgUdi
la anh hung giai phbng dan
tdc va danh nhan
van
hda
kiet xua't eua Viet Nam.
Sinh
thdi,
NgUdi da tdng
ndi vdi ddng bao
minh:
"Tdi chl cd mpt sd ham
mud'n,
ham mudn tdt bac,
la lam sao cho nddc ta dddc
hoan toan ddc lap, dan ta
dupe hoan toan tU do, ddng
bao ai eung ed cdm an ao
mac, ai eung dUdc hpc
hanh"
eo cupc song am
no,
tu do, hanh phuc,

dUde
hudng quyen tU do dan ehu
ma hp xdng dang
ddpe
hudng vdi td each ngddi
chu va lam chu xa hpi. Dd
thdc sU la hoai bao, la khat
vpng manh Net, the hien
mdt td tudng Idn, mpt ly
tddng nhan dao cao quy
cua NgUdi. NgUdi da hanh
ddng khdng met mdi trong
sudt cube ddi, vdi nghj Idc
phi thddng, vUdt qua mpi
gian nan thd thach, vdi
niem tin khdng gl thay ddi
vao xu the phat trien cua
lieh sd,
nha^t
la tin vao sdc
manh vo tan cua quan
chung dudi sd lanh dao cua
Dang Cdng san trong sU
nghiep da'u tranh each
mang,
bien tU tUdng, ly
tudng thanh hien thdc.
Ngudi cung tdng ndi rd,
"Idng thddng yeu eua tdi dd'i
vdi nhan dan va nhan loai

khdng bao gid thay
ddi"
Khi td biet the gidi nay,
trong ban Di ehuc Ijch sd,
NgUdi de lai mudn van
tinh
than yeu cho ta't ca ddng
bao,
ddng chf
trong
nUdc;
gdi Idi chao than ai den eac
ddng chf, bau ban va nhan
dan d khap mpi ndi tren trai
da^t.
Tinh
cam dd lam xue
ddng mudn trieu ta'm Idng.
Ho Chf Minh la nha td
tddng mac-xft kien djnh va
day ban
iTnh
sang tao.
Trong lao ddng, hpc tap va
tranh da'u, NgUdi da tham
djnh ly luan bang thdc
tien,
td thUe tien ma phat trien ly
luan,
dat de'n sU nhuan

nhuydn
gida ly luan va thUe
tidn trpng tU tUdng de bien
tu tddng thanh phddng
phap,
thd'ng nha't hdu cd
gida tu tudng vdi phddng
phap,
gida nhan thdc vdi
hanh dpng, tao nen ban
ITnh sang tao va phong
each dae sac cua
minh.
NgUdi da tdng nghien edu
va khao duyet nhieu hpc
thuyet de rdi nhan ra,
chl
ed ehu nghTa Mae, chu
nghTa Le-nin va chu nghTa
Mac - Le-nin la chan chfnh
nha't, each mang nha't, thiet
thUe va triet de nha't. NgUdi
quye't djnh tin then chu
nghTa dd, Ida chpn chu
nghTa dd trong hanh trang
sd nghiep cua
minh.
Chuan
bj ve
mat

tu tudng, ly
luan,
chfnh trj va td chdc cho sU
TIP CHI IHONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO
2010
Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHI
DAO
i
ra ddi Dang Cdng san d
Viet Nam, Ngudi da khang
djnh rang, phai gid ehu
nghTa cho
vdng.
Dang phai
cd chd nghTa lam cdt de soi
dudng,
gidng nhu con tau di
bien phai ed ban chf nam.
Mdt trong nhdng diem
dae sac quy gia d Ho Chf
Minh la NgUdi tin ehu
nghTa Mac - Le-nin nhUng
tin va hanh ddng mdt each
sang tao chd khdng giao
dieu.
Ngddi ludn
dat
ehu

nghTa Mac - Le-nin trong
tinh hoa tU tUdng cua thdi
dai,
trong van hda nhan
loai.
Ngddi xa la vdi mpi
bieu hien biet
phai,
giap
dieu,
chat hep va
cUc
doan.
NgUdi
can
dan can bd dang
vien va mpi ngUdi ehung ta,
nam vdng nhdng nguyen ly
ed ban cua chu nghTa Mac
- Le-nin, thau thai nhdng tri
thdc dp
thi
phai nam lay
tinh
thin
va phddng phap
cua chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin
de dng xd vdi cun ngddi va
cdng viec chp dung. Phai
sang tap chd khdng sap

chep,
may mdc. Dd khdng
chl la khoa hpc va each
mang ma cdn la dao ddc,
sau xa la van hba, la nhdng
gia trj nhan van chu nghTa
d tlm thdi dai, d tinh hoa
van hda nhan loai ddpe the
hien trpng hpc thuye't cua
cac bae thay kinh dien Mae
- Le-nin. Rd rang, trong
chieu sau tu tudng Hd Chf
Minh,
cb mdt chu nghTa
nhan van Ho Chf Minh can
phai dddc nhan thdc va van
dung sang tao ma mdi
Hpi thap khpa hpc qupc te vdi chu de "Di san Hp Chi Minh trpng thdi dai
ngay nay" dp Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Quoc gia
HP
Chi Minh
tochiJc,
ngay
12-13/5/2010
Anti:
PV
chung ta dang theo dudi
hien nay.
Nghien cdu di san td
tddng va sd nghiep eua

Ngddi trong boat ddng thUe
tien,
ehung ta nhan
tha^y
nha tu tudng mac-xft sang
tao Ho Chf Minh, nha nhan
van
ehu nghTa vT dai Hd
Chf Minh chfnh la mdt mau
mUe eua ngUdi epng san
hien dai, ngudi cpng san cd
hpc thdc va trf tue hien dai,
nhd dd cd niem tin khoa
hpe sau sac va triet de dd'i
vdi chu nghTa xa hdi va chu
nghTa cdng san, vUdn tdi
tlm cad td tddng cua thdi
dai.
Can bd mau thjt vdi Td
qud'e,
dan tpc va nhan dan
minh,
thau hieu va thau
cam cude sd'ng eua nhan
dan,
so
phan cua dan tpc, d
Ho Chf Minh, Idng yeu
nude thuong dan cd cdi
ngudn td truyen thdng da

trd thanh
lUc
day manh Met
nha't de NgUdi tie'p nhan
nhdng td tUdng Idn, tien
tien cua thdi dai va di tdi
chu nghTa xa hdi, chu nghTa
cdng san. Dac diem nay
trpng hanh trlnh td tddng
Ho Chf Minh gdi ra rat
nhieu dieu cho cac the he
nhdng ngddi each mang do
Ngddi khai tam, khai sang,
giao dge va ren luyen. Ld-
gfc tu tudng va Ijch sd boat
dpng each mang Hd Chf
Minh dudi anh sang cua
ehu nghTa Mac - Le-nin,
eua Cach mang Thang
Mddi va thdi dai mdi da
chp tha'y, trong thdi dai
ngay nay, yeu nUde thddng
dan ta't ye'u dan den sU
lUa
chpn con dUdng phat trien
xa hdi chu nghTa va epng
san ehu nghTa. Ngddi cbng
san cang the hien dung dan
ban chat giai cap edng
nhan bao nhieu cang nang

Idng
gan
bd va trung thanh
UP CNI TNONG TIN DOI HGOtlSO
IS
I Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHi DAO
vdi nhan dan va dan tdc
minh
bay nhieu, bdi ban
chat va sdc manh cua giai
cap cdng nhan dddc nudi
dudng va phat trien td trpng
ngpn ngudn truyen thd'ng
yeu nUde cua dan tdc
minh,
giai cap d trong Idng dan
tpc va khi giai cap edng
nhan tiep thu dUde chan ly
cua thdi dai se dda dan tdc
minh
tdi chu nghTa xa hpi
va chu nghTa cdng san. Nhd
dd,
y thdc va
tinh
cam dan
tpc chan chfnb se bat gap
va hda quyen vdi chu nghTa

qudc te chan ehinh.
Nhdng giae ngp ly luan
eung vdi nhdng trai nghiem
thdc tien trong da'u tranh
each mang da
hinh
thanh d
Ho Chf Minh, vdi td each
nha td tddng va nha boat
ddng each mang, nhdng
phat kie'n Idn, cd anh
hddng trdc tiep va quyet
djnh tdi chieu hUdng phat
trien eua each mang nUde
ta.
Dd la ddc lap dan tdc
gan lien vdi chu nghTa xa
hpi - quy luat phat trien eua
each mang Viet Nam. Quy
luat dd da chT ra eon dddng
phat trien eua dan tpc ta
trong thdi hien dai la qua
dp bd qua che dp tU ban
ehu nghTa, tien tdi ehu
nghTa xa hdi sau khi da
hoan thanh each mang giai
phdng dan tdc. Dieu kien
de thdc hien thang ldi qua
trlnh each mang db la ket
hdp sdc manh dan tdc vdi

sde manh thdi dai, va trddc
bet phai cd mpt dang each
mang,
dpi tien phong cua
giai cap cdng nhan, eua
dan tpc lanh dao, mpt dang
each
mang kieu mdi lay
chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin lam
nen tang tU tUdng va kim
ehl nam hanh ddng. Cach
mang khdng phai la sd
nghiep
chi
rieng nhdng
ngddi cdng san thdc hien
ma la sd nghiep cua nhan
dan,
cua ca dan tpc, dp dd,
phai coi doan ket, dai doan
ket toan dan tdc la mdt tU
tddng chie'n
lUdc,
mpt
dddng ldi chien Idpc cua
each mang Viet Nam, gan
lien doan ket toan dan tdc
vdi doan ke't qudc te, lay
doan ket trong Dang lam
ndng cdt va hat nhan. Mdt

ket luan quan trpng dUpc
Hd Chf Minh rut ra va nang
len tam chie'n
lUde,
thanh
mpt triet ly nhan sinh va
hanh ddng, dd la, mudn
xay dUng thanh cdng ehu
nghTa xa hdi
thi
phai danh
bai chu nghTa ca nhan.
Theo
Id-gfc
dd.
Dang phai
thdc sd la mdt td chdc each
mang tien
tien,
cd td chdc
chat che, cd ky luat td giac
va nghiem minh, la Dang
chien da'u va hanh ddng vl
dan.
Dang la dao ddc va
van minh. Gddng mau
khdng ehl la mpt pham
chat ma edn la phddng
phap lanh dao td't
nha^t,

cd
sdc thuyet phgc nhan dan
tdt
nha^t
cua Dang. Ly luan
va phUdng phap ay d tam tu
tddng dd chi phdi phddng
cham dng xd va hanh ddng
Ho Chf Minh, ndi ft lam
nhieu,
ldi ndi phai di ddi
vdi viec lam, cd ly ed
tinh.
kien quye't chdng chu nghTa
ca nhan nhdng lai rat mUc
quan tam va tdn trpng tdng
ea nhan, biet cham
IP
thdc
hien nhdng Ipi feh va nhu
elu hdp ly, chfnh dang cua
tdng ngddi, tdng ehu the
nhan each.
Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh,
qua nhdng trlnh bay tren
day la mdt he thdng chat
che ve Id-gfc va tha'm
nhuIn
sau sac quan diem
thUe

tiin,
quan diem phat
trien,
la td tUdng each tan,
hien dai va thddng xuyen
ddi mdi. Dd khbng
ehi
la
dddng Idi chfnh trj ehien
Idde
ma edn la dao ddc va
van hda.
Ngddi khdng
ch?
dda
dan toe
minh
td nd le tdi tU
do ma cdn lam cho dan tpc
Viet Nam yeu quy cua
NgUdi ddng van hang ngu
cac dan tdc tien phong
trong thdi dai mdi.
2-
Sang tao noi bat
ciia
Ho
Chi Minh ve doc
lap dan toe
va

chu nghe xa hpi
Cd the ndi, ddc lap dan
tpc gan lien vdi chu nghTa
xa hpi dupc
cdi
la sdi
ehl
dd,
xuyen subt trong he
thd'ng tu tudng Ho
Chi
Minh.
Hinh
thanh tU tUdng
nay de djnh hUdng nd,
thanh quan diem va dddng
ldi chfnh trj dd'i vdi Hd Chf
Minh la ca mpt qua
trlnh.
Ngddi vda hpe tap va
nghien edu ly
luan,
vda
tham gia eac phong trao
da'u tranh chfnh trj eua
TtP CHi IHONG TIN OOI
HGOtlSO
2010
Hl/GfNG
DAN

CHI
DAO
i
cdng nhan va lao ddng d
nhdng ndi ma NgUdi da di
qua,
da true tiep lan ldn va
trai nghiem sudt ma'y thap
ky trong cude hanh trlnh
tlm dudng cdu nUdc, cdu
dan.
Bang eon dUdng lao
ddng,
NgUdi lam du mpi
nghe,
di qua nhieu mien
da't khac nhau, lai nhieu
nam d Anh va d Phap, tham
gia eae sinh boat cua cdng
nhan,
thd thuyen, d ngay
trung tam cua ehu nghTa tU
ban va ehu nghTa
thUe
dan,
NgUdi cd dieu kien quan sat
trdc tiep tha'y canh sd'ng
cua nhdng ngddi lao dpng
dddi ach ap bde, bde Ipt tan
bap

cua td ban d chfnh
qudc ddi vdi eae dan tdc
thudc dja va phg thupc.
ThUe tidn nay rat quan
trpng ddi vdi nhan thdc cua
NgUdi ve ban chat cua chu
nghTa tU ban va thUc dan
eung nhu
hinh
thanh d
Ngddi
tinh
hdu ai giai
ea^p
dd'i vdi nhdng ngddi eung
khd;
du mlu da, tieng ndi
khac nhau nhUng hp deu cd
chung mpt canh ngd, mpt
than phan nd le, do dd
eung cd chung ke thd, cung
cd khat vpng giai phdng de
gianh lay quyen sd'ng trong
ddc lap, td dp.
Trong qua trlnh tlm
dddng cdu
nUdc,
cdu
dan
va

djnh hudng dddng Idi chfnh
trj giai phdng dan tdc,
Nguydn Ai Quo'c - Hd Chf
Minh khdng
chi
boat ddng
d chau Au, d cac nUde
phUdng Tay ma NgUdi cbn
boat dpng d phUdng Dbng,
chau A, tlm hieu thUc tiin
cac phong trao da'u tranh d
Trung Qud'e va Thai-Ian.
Dd la nhdng ed lieu
gidp chp Ngddi SP sanh,
phan
tfch,
tlm ra nhdng
diem tddng ddng va khac
biet trong cae ket ca'u kinh
te - xa hdi, eac mau thuan
giai cap va dan tdc d
nhdng khu vUc dja - chfnh
trj tieu
bieu,
ndi dien ra
nhdng phan hda va mau
thuan giai cap, dan tdc rat
khac nhau gida phUdng Tay
va phUdng Ddng, gida chau
Au tu ban chu nghTa vdi

chau A dang edn tdn tai rat
nhieu tan tfch phong kien
va dang la dd'i tddng khai
thac, nd djch eua ehu
nghTa thUe dan.
Md'i quan tam dae biet
ndi bat cua NgUdi la
tinh
hinh
Ddng DUdng, dac biet
la Viet Nam khi dd mat dpe
lap chu quyin va dang bi
ehu nghTa thdc dan de nen,
thd'ng trj.
Do dd, dd'i vdi Nguyen
Ai Qud'e - Hd Chf Minh,
viec nghien cdu, khao sat
the gidi ben ngoai, khu vdc
va qudc te, trddc het nham
hddng tdi giai phdng va
phat trien dan tpc
minh,
dat each mang Viet Nam
trong phpng trao
each
mang the
gidi,
sao eho phu
hdp vdi trao
luu,

xu the
chung cua thdi dai.
Vay sang tao va cd'ng
hien ljch sd cua Ho Chf
Minh ve tU tUdng dpe lap
dan tpc va chu nghTa xa
hdi la nhdng gl? Cd the
ndi tdi nhdng diem ndi bat
sau day:
Mot, nhan thdc sang
tao ve
chij
nghTa Mac va
chu nghia Mac - Le-nin
Nghien cdu cae tac
pham ly luan cua Mac,
NgUdi nhan tha'y mdt trong
nhdng du diem dae
sac
nha't eua Mae va chu nghTa
Mac la phep bien chdng.
TrUdc het, dd la phep bien
chdng eua phat trien xa
bpi,
la khoa hpe va
each
mang cua sU phat
trien,
xda
bd trat td xa hdi eu bat edng

va tan bao, hUdng tdi xay
ddng trat tU xa hpi mdi, dan
chu,
cdng bang va nhan
dao,
xdng dang nha't vdi
con ngddi. Dd la chu nghTa
edng san. Ngddi cung dac
biet de eao hpe thuyet each
mang cua Le-nin, ca trf tue
khpa hpe, tfnh triet de each
mang va ca dao ddc, nhan
each eua ngUdi sang lap ra
hpc thuyet Dang kieu mdi,
lanh dao thanh edng eudc
each mang vT dai nhat
trpng Ijch sd d the ky 20,
bie'n ehu nghTa xa hpi td
mdt hpe thuye't ly luan
thanh hien thUe, thanh mdt
che dp xa hpi mdi.
Nhd da ndi d
tren,
nha
td tddng mac-xft sang tap
HP
Chf Minh da nhln nhan
ehu nghTa Mac, chu nghTa
epng san mpt
each

khoa
hpc va tham nhuan quan
diem thUe
tien,
quan diem
Ijch sd - cu the. Ngddi
nhan rd, ehu nghTa Mac la
ke't tinh tinh hoa trf tue va
UP CHi THONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO
IS
2010
I Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHi DAO
tu tudng cua thdi dai, eua
van
hda nhan
loai.
Song,
Ngddi cung dat ra mpt van
de he't sdc nghiem tuc eua
nhan thdc khoa hpc. Thep
danh gia cua NgUdi: "Mac
da xay ddng hpe thuye't
cua
minh
tren mpt triet ly
nha't djnh cua ljch sd,
nhdng Ijch sd nap? Ljch sd
chau Au. Ma chau Au la

gl? Dd chda phai la toan
the nhan
loai"^.
NgUdi dat van de ve sU
can thiet phai van dung
quan diem va phUPng phap
duy vat bien chdng cua chu
nghTa Mac de xem xet sU
khae nhau cd ban gida ke't
ca'u kinh te va ket ca'u xa
hdi - giai cap gida phUdng
Tay vdi phddng Ddng.
NgUdi cung neu rd, mai
day, khi chu nghTa td ban
phUdng Tay lam thay ddi
phUdng Ddng
thi
da'u tranh
giai cap ed trd nen quye't
Net khdng? va NgUdi khang
djnh,
dai the la ed, neu xet
gUdng cua Nhat Ban. NgUdi
cdn giai thfch rang, that ra
la cd, vl sd Tay phUdng hda
ngay cang tang va ta't ye'u
eua phddng Ddng - ndi
each
khae, chu nghTa Mac
se cdn dung ca d dd.

Neu phan hda giai cap
da trd nen rd ret va dd'i
khang giai cap td sd phan
hda ay la sau sac va gay gat
(tu san va vb san) d phUdng
Tay trong nen san xua't tU
ban chu nghTa
thi
d phddng
Ddng va Viet Nam lai
khdng han la nhd vay.
CJ
day, ndi bat len mau thuan
gida dan tdc Viet Nam vdi
chu nghTa tU ban, chu nghTa
thdc dan xam
Idpc
va be Id
tay sai ban nUdc va dd la
mau thuin chd yeu. Do dd,
d phddng Ddng, trong dd cd
Viet Nam dac trdng ndi bat
va nhu clu ca'p thie't, dd la
giai phdng
dan'tpc,
la giai
quye't mau thuan gida dan
tdc vdi chu nghTa tU ban,
ehu nghTa thUc dan xam
lupc de gianh ddc lap, xda

bd
tinh
trang thudc dja va
phg thude dddi ach dd hd,
thdng trj cua thdc dan.
Dd la ly do giai thfch vl
sao,
Ngddi chu trUPng dpan
ket ta't ca cac giai cap trong
dan tpc de tao ra sdc manh
giai phdng. Trong khi tin
tddng chac ehan rang, ly
luan eua chu nghTa Mae la
dung dan khdng
chi
d
phuong Tay ma cdn d
phddng Ddng, Ngddi edn
cd dd bao
diy
man cam
rang,
chu nghTa cpng san
thfch dng de hdn chfnh
trong thdc tien
phUdng
Ddng,
chau A va Viet
Nam.
Mdt trong nhdng cd

sd luan chdng cho gia
thuye't dd la sdc manh
doan ket dan tpc, truyen
thd'ng cpng ddng da td ra
ra't
gin
gui vdi ban cha't
cua chu nghTa cpng san.
Nhdng luan diem neu
tren dUpe Nguyin Ai Qud'e
ndi rd vao
nam
1924, khi
NgUdi da la mdt ngddi epng
san,
hpat dpng trong Dang
Cdng san Phap, trong ban
nghien edu chfnh sach
thupc dja cua Dang, du
tha'y tu chat va ban
iTnh
sang tao cua ngUdi edng san
tre tudi vdi sdc bdt pha cua
tu duy va tU tUdng vddt trddc
thdi dai nhd the nao. Sau
nay, NgUdi cdn cd nhiiu
luan diem sang tao khac
ddi vdi viec nhan thdc ban
chat khoa hpc va each
mang cua ehu nghTa Mac -

Le-nin.
Cd the neu mdt vai
VI
dg tieu
bieu.
NgUdi nhln
nhan chu nghTa Mae - Le-
nin trong ddng ehay cua sU
tien hda tU tUdng, biet
thau thai ta't ca nhdng gl
tie'n bd, du tu, tinh hoa eua
tu tudng va van hda nhan
loai de vda hieu rd sd
4Dhong
phd cua tU tUdng,
van
hda nhan
loai,
vda thay
sd phat trien nhay vpt cua
nhdng tU tUdng mac-xft vd'n
khdng tach rdi, khdng d
ben ngoai ma d trong tdng
sd va tdng hpp eua toan bd
nhdng gia trj tinh hoa dd.
Chang the ma, Ngddi cd
the tin theo Mac - Le-nin
nhung
vin
het sde tran

trpng tu tudng td bi, bac ai
cua dao Phat, khoan dung
van hda cao ca eua chda Je-
su,
tinh
thin
thdc tien trong
Tam dan ehu nghTa cua Tdn
Trung Sdn. Rd rang, Hd Chf
Minh la nha mac-xft khdng
biet
phai,
giao
diiu,
biet
tiep nhan van hda de nam
lay tinh
thin
va phUdng
phap cua chu nghTa Mae -
Le-nin.
Vdi Ho Chf Minh,
ehu nghTa Mae - Le-nin
khbng
chi
la khoa hpc va
each mang ma edn la dao
ddc va
van
hda. Ngudi da

tdng
ehi
rd, dpe hang tram,
TtP CHI THONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO
2010
hang nghln quyen sach
Mac - Le-nin ma
an
d vdi
nhau khbng ed
tinh
cd
nghTa
thi
lam sao gpi la
hieu chu nghTa Mae - Le-
nin dupe. Ngudi cung la
nha tu tudng mac-xft ndi
bat nha't khi tie'p can chu
nghTa xa hdi, chfnh tri eua
giai cap cdng nhan va ban
chat cda Dang cpng san td
gbc dp dap ddc hpc va van
hda dao ddc. Ngddi ndi,
ehu nghTa xa hdi dd'i lap vdi
ehu nghTa ca nhan,
tUtUdng
xa hdi chu nghTa ddi lap vdi
tu tudng ea nhan chu nghTa,
chfnh trj edt d doan ket va

thanh
khiet.
Dang la dao
ddc, la
van
minh.
Chan ly - mdt
y,a'n
de
cua nhan thdc luan khoa
hpe,
dupc Hd Chf Minh md
rdng sang
binh
dien dao
ddc hpc. Cai gl tdt eho dan,
cd lpi chp dan, cai dd la
chan ly. Phuc vg nhan dan,
lam ebng bpc trung thanh
va tan tuy eua dan la phgc
tung chan ly cao nha't, la
Ida
chpn mpt le sdng eao
thupng nha't.
Van dgng ehu nghTa
Mae - Le-nin, NgUdi
dac
biet chd trpng yeu clu sang
tao,
khdng may mdc rap

khubn,
mudn vay, phai hieu
rd hoan canh, nhdng dieu
kien ljch sd cg the va dae
diem cua tdng qudc gia,
dan tpc. NgUdi can dan
ehung ta phai ehu y hpe tap
kinh nghiem cua Lien Xb,
Trung Qud'e va cae nudc
anh em nhUng khdng dUde
sao chep ma phai cd tinh
thin
ddc lap td ehu. NgUdi
ndi rd, ta va Lien Xd rat
khac nhau vi trlnh dp phat
trien,
vi ljch sd va van hda.
Trong cdng cupc xay dUng
ehu nghTa xa hdi, lam khac
vdi Lien Xd, van la ngUdi
mac-xft.
Nhan thdc ddng dan,
van dung sang tao va phat
trien chu nghTa Mae - Le-
nin vao hoan canh, diiu
kien Ijch sd dae thu eua
Viet Nam la diem xua't
phat va
thUe
tiin,

vi y thdc
he eua Hd Chf Minh. Dd
ehang nhdng la ed sd de ed
nhdng phat kie'n sang tao,
nhdng cdng hien cua Ho
Chf Minh vi tU tUdng ddc
lap dan tdc va chu nghTa
xa hdi ma cdn la sU cd'ng
hien dae sac cua NgUdi
gdp
phin
lam phong phu
chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin va
khp tang ly luan each
mang the
gidi.
Hai, vach tran ban chat
cua chu nghTa
tit
ban, chu
nghTa
de quoc, thi/c dan va
iihang
dinh
tu"
tifdng
ve
each
mang giai phdng dan
tgc d

thuoc dia phai phoi
hap chat che vdi
each
mang vo san
d
chinh qudc;
each
mang giai phong dan
tgc
d thuoc dia cd tinh doc
lap,
tl/chu
va cd kha nang
gianh thing
Igi
tru'dc
each
mang vo san
d"
chinh quoc.
Nguyin Ai Qud'e - Hd
Chf Minh la ngUdi da vie't
tae pham ly luan mac-xft
"Ban an ehe dp thdc dan
Phap"
rat ndi tieng vao
nam 1925. Tac pham nay
Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHI

DAO
•
la sd tdng ket Ijch sd, mpt
cao trang ddi vdi chu nghTa
thdc dan, de sau dd 20
nam,
vao
nam
1945,
Ngddi
viet "Tuyen ngdn dpe lap",
khai sinh ehe dp dan chu
cpng hda eua nddc Viet
Nam dpe lap, ddng thdi la
sd cap chung che dp thdc
dan d Viet Nam sau hon 80
nam tdn tai cda nd.
Trong phan tfch eua
NgUdi:
"Chu nghTa td ban
la mdt eon
dia
cd mdt eai
vdi bam vao giai cap vd
san d chfnh qude va mdt
vdi khac bam vao giai cap
vd san d cac thupc dja.
Neu ngUdi ta mudn giet eon
vat ay, ngUdi ta phai ddng
thdi cat ca hai vdi. Neu

ngUdi ta
ehi
eat mdt vdi
thdi
thi
eai vdi kia van tiep
tgc hut mau eua giai cap vd
san,
con vat van tiep tue
sdng va eai vdi bj eat ddt
lai se mpc
ra""*.
Cung nhd vay, each
mang phai ed sU phd'i hpp
d ea chfnh qud'e va thudc
dja,
gid'ng nhu mot con
chim hai canh, mdt canh
vd d thupc dja, mdt canh
vd d chfnh qud'e. Sd diin
dat cg the va gian di tren
day da ham chda td tddng
ve tfnh triet de cua each
mang ehd'ng chu nghTa tU
ban,
thUe
dan va tfnh ta't
ye'u eua sd phd'i hop phong
trao each mang d cac
nddc thupc dja, phu thudc

va d cac nUdc td ban chu
nghTa. Dd la bieu hien lap
trUdng each mang triet de
va chu nghTa qud'e te cua
UP CNI THOHG TIN BOI NGOtlSO
I
Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHI
DAO
giai cap cdng nhan tren
toan the
gidi.
Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd
Chf Minh da nhan rd, ddi
vdi nhdng ngddi lao ddng
va vd san d khap mpi ndi,
du mlu da cd khac nhau
nhdng hp diu ed chung mdt
ke thu va cdng ed chung
mdt mgc tieu tranh da'u.
Dequd'c
thdc dan, d dau
dau cung la ac quy, phai
danh dd nd di. Cdn anh em
vd san d dau dau edng la
ban be, anh em, ddng chf
eua nhau.
"Tren ddi nay
chi

cd hai
gid'ng ngddi: gidng ngddi
bde lot va gidng ngddi bj
bde lot. Ma eung
chi
ed mdt
mdi
tinh
hdu ai la that ma
thdi:
tinh
hdu ai vd
san"^.
NgUdi di cap tdi
tinh
hinh
Ddng DUdng va nhdng
ed sd chd sd chfn mudi
each mang d dd. Dd vda la
nhdng khang djnh khoa
hpc, vda la nhdng dU bap
chfnh trj man cam. NgUdi
da tdng viet: "NgUdi Ddng
DUPng khdng chet, ngddi
Ddng Duong
vin
sdng,
sdng mai mai. SU
diu
ddc

ed he thdng cua bpn tU ban
thUe dan khdng the lam te
Met sde sdng, cang khdng
the lam te liet
tUtUdng
each
mang cua ngUdi Ddng
Dddng.
Ludng gid td nddc
Nga thd thuyin, td Trung
Qud'e
each
mang hoac td
An Dp
chien,da'u
dang thdi
den giai dpe cho ngUdi
Ddng
Dddng"^.
Theo danh
gia cua NgUdi: "Dang sau
sd phgc tung tieu cdc, ngUdi
Ddng Dddng giau mdt cai
gl dang sdi sgc, dang gao
thet va se bung nd mpt
each
ghe gdm, khi thdi ed
de'n.
Bd phan du tu cd
nhiem vu phai thue day

eho thdi cd dd mau de'n. Sd
tan bao cua ehu nghTa td
ban da chuan bj da't rdi:
ehu nghTa xa hdi
chi
cdn
phai lam eai viee la gieo
hat gidng cua cdng cude
giai phdng nda
thdi"^.
Cho
den khi, Luan cddng Le-nin
dupe NgUdi ha'p thg nhU
tlm tha'y cam nang, NgUdi
da xac djnh rd rang eon
dudng giai phdng dan tpc la
CPU
dddng
each
mang vd
san,
ed the gianh dUdc
thang ldi trUdc, neu biet
dUa tren ndi
lUc
eua chfnh
dan toe
minh.
Ba,
Nguyen Ai Quoc -

Ho Chi Minh da giai quye't
thanh cong mdi quan he
giO'a dan tgc vdi giai cap,
givla
giai phdng dan tgc vdi
giai phong giai cap tren lap
tru'dng giai cap cong nhan.
Nhieu luan diem cho
tha'y tfnh he thd'ng va sU
nha't quan eua Ho Chf
Minh vi va'n de dpe lap
dan tdc va
each
mang giai
phdng dan tpc.
Thdi dai da he md, da
chl ra each thdc giai quyet
van de dd. Dd chfnh la giai
cap cdng nhan thdc hien sd
menh Ijch sd eua nd.
Cai mdi va ban ITnh
sang tao cua Ho Chf Minh
la d chd:
- Khdng tach rdi giai
ca'p khdi dan tdc. Neu
khdng gianh dddc dpe lap
chu quyin chp dan tdc
thi
chang nhdng dan tdc
vin

mai mai trong vdng nd le
ma giai cap cdng khdng
thoat khdi
tinh
canh nd le
va bj giam ham trong kiep
ngda
trau.
So' phan dan
tpc va giai ca'p
gin
liin
vdi nhau.
- Giai phdng dan tdc
tren lap trddng giai cap
cdng nhan, ddng vdng tren
nen tang y thdc he cua giai
ca'p edng nhan, vUdt qua y
thdc he phong kien da ldi
thdi va cung vUdt qua
nhdng ban ehe eua y thdc
he tu san. Giai quyet
va^n
de dan tdc va giai phdng
dan tdc tren lap trddng giai
cap cdng nhan, theo y thdc
he eua giai cap cdng nhan
nen each mang giai phdng
dan tdc vdi mue tieu gianh
dpe lap dan tdc phai dp giai

ca^p
edng nhan va dpi tien
phong eua nd la Dang Cdng
san lanh dao.
Cung do dd, con dddng
tien len cua dan tpc va eua
xa hpi Viet Nam
chi
ed the
la eon dddng xa hdi chu
nghTa, gan liin dpe lap dan
tdc vdi chu nghTa xa hdi
bang each qua dp len chu
nghTa xa hpi, bd qua che dp
td ban ehu nghTa.
Theo dd, tU tUdng Hd
Chf Minh da md ra eon
dddng phat trien td't dep
nha't cho dan tdc Viet Nam:
dpe lap dan tdc va chu
nghTa xa hdi. Tu tudne Hd
TtP CHI THONG TIN OOI NGOIIISO
2010
Hl/dfNG
DAN
CHI
DAO
I
Chf Minh da dat nin mdng
ly luan eho

each
mang Viet
Nam trong thdi dai mdi, da
cha'm ddt cupc khung
hoang triin mien td gida
the ky
19
de'n
diu
the ky
20 ve dudng Id'i edu
nUde,
dddng Id'i phat trien d
nUde
ta,
da tlm tha'y con dudng
phat trien dung da'n, hdp
ly, cd trien vpng nha't, phu
hpp vdi trao
lUu
tien hda
chung eua nhan loai va xu
the phat trien cua thdi dai.
Bon, nhd cd ly luan va
phu'ang phap
each
mang
dung dan, Ho Chi Minh da
cung vdi Dang, lanh dao
nhan dan va dan tgc ta

danh bai chu nghia thifc
dan kieu cu va mdi,
difa
dan tgc ta vao hang ngu
cac dan tgc tien phong
ciia
the gidi, da xay
dutig
chu
nghia xa hgi phu hgp vdi
hoan canh va dieu kien
cua
nUdc
ta.
Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh
ve ehu nghTa xa hdi cd
nhdng sang tao dae sac, ed
gia trj va y nghTa hien dai,
khdng ehl vdi nUde ta ma
cdn dd'i vdi eac nddc xa hpi
ehu nghTa khae trong loai
hinh
"phat trien rut ngan"
va "qua dp gian tiep", bd
qua che dp td ban ehu
nghTa, thUe hien tdng bddc
td dan chu nhan dan tdi
chu nghTa xa hpi.
Trong di san tU tUdng Hd
Chf Minh, cd khdng ft

nhdng luan diem sau sac,
lam rd eau tra ldi ddi vdi
nhdng cau hdi ldn cua thdi
dai dat ra: ehu nghTa xa hdi
la gl? Va xay ddng chu
nghTa xa hpi nhU the nao?
Cd ca mpt he van di ly
luan ve chu nghTa xa hdi td
ban chat, muc
tieu,
dae
trdng,
con dudng, phddng
thdc, md
hinh
va bddc di
cung nhu giai phap xay
dUng chu nghTa xa hdi trong
sU kit hdp gida tfnh phd
bien vdi tfnh dae thd, tfnh
giai cap - dan tpc - nhan
dan vdi tfnh thdi dai va
tfnh nhan loai trong the gidi
dUdng dai ngay nay.
Ho Chf Minh, nhU da
ndi,
da bd sung va phat
trien ly luan ehu nghTa xa
hdi khoa hpe eua chu nghTa
Mac mpt each tiep can

eung ddng thdi la quan
niem vi chu nghTa xa hpi.
Dd la tiep can dao ddc hpe.
Ngddi da dd cam td rat sdm
mdt van de, ma ngay nay ta
cang tha'y rd tfnh he trpng
dd'i vdi sU phat trien cua
chtj
nghTa xa hpi: "thang lpi
cija
chu nghTa xa hdi khdng
the tach rdi thang ldi cua
cupc da'u tranh trd bd chu
nghTa ca
nhan"^.
Cung nhu
vay, khdng dam bao thUe
hanh dan chu rpng rai
thi
khdng the chdng dddc quan
lieu,
lang phf, tham d, tham
nhung.
Chu nghTa xa hdi la
dd'i lap vdi ehu nghTa ea
nhan.
Thanh bai cua chu
nghTa xa hdi tuy thudc vap
viee nhu'ng ngddi xay ddng
ehu nghTa xa hdi, nha't la

dpi ngu tien phong cd du
dung khf va quyet tam de
danh thing thd "giac ndi
xam"
ma Ngudi coi la ke
thu nguy hiem nha't hay
khdng? Do dd, chu nghTa xa
hpi khdng
ehi
ia kinh te -
mdt nen kinh te phdn
vinh,
giau ed, mpt the che chfnh
trj dan chu - phap quyin,
dam bao quyin lam chu
thdc cha't cua nhan dan,
mdt xa hdi cdng bang,
binh
dang cho sd phat trien hai
hda ea nhan va edng ddng,
ma cdn la mpt nen tang dao
ddc trong sach, tha'm sau
vao cac quan he xa hdi, la
mdt he gia trj
van
hda, kit
hpp dddc truyin thd'ng, ban
sle dan tpc vdi nhdng tinh
hpa cua thdi dai vl ddc lap
- tu do - hanh phue cho mpi

con ngUdi, mpi dan tpc. SU
sau sac va tinh te
van
hda,
dae biet la van hda dap ddc
cda Ho Chf Minh la
dehd,
Ngddi khang djnh mdt
nhiem vg chien Idde trong
tie'n trlnh xay dUng ehu
nghTa xa hdi, dd la nhiem
vu "trdng ngddi", dao tao,
giao dge, ren luyen can bp,
cpj
dd la cdng viec gd'e cua
Dang,
va
thUe
hanh dao
ddc each mang dddc Ngddi
quan tam sud't ddi nhU mpt
chien lupe, ca tU tUdng lan
hanh ddng. Chien
lUpc
dd
la cdt ldi cua chien
lUpc
eon ngUdi, ehien
lUdc
xay

ddng,
phat
trien,
ddng thdi
la chie'n
lUdc
bao ve chu
nghTa xa hdi, lam cho each
mang.
Dang each mang,
ngddi each mang cd sdc
manh td bao ve.
NgUdi ehl rd, ban cha't
sau xa va tfnh
IAJ
viet ndi bat
cua chu nghTa xa hpi la thdc
rtP CHi THOHG IIH BOI NGOtlSO
2010
1
Hl/dfNG DAN CHI DAO
hien va phat huy quyen lam
chu cua nhan dan.
Ngddi khang
djnh,
khdng gl quy bang dan,
khdng gl manh bang sdc
manh doan ket cua nhan
dan,
va dan chu la quy bau

nha't tren ddi cua dan. La
ehu the gd'e eua mpi quyin
lde,
nhan dan phai la chu
sd hdu eua dan ehu, phai la
chu xa hpi, ehu Nha nUdc,
giam sat dddc Nha nude
eua
minh.
NgUdi cdn nhan
manh,
thUe banh dan ehu
rpng rai se la chiee
ehia
khda van nang de giai
quye't mpi khd khan. Vay
la,
NgUdi da tha'y vai trd
ddng lde eua dan ehu dd'i
vdi tien bp va phat
trien,
dd'i vdi chu nghTa xa hpi.
Ly luan xay ddng chu
nghTa xa hpi eua Ho Chf
Minh tha'm nhuan sau
sic
khdng chl tfnh khoa hpc va
each
mang ma cdn la dao
ddc, la van hda, tdc la nhan

van.
Ngddi tdng ndi: "ehu
nghTa xa hpi cdng vdi khoa
hpc, chle ehan se dUa loai
ngUdi den hanh phuc vd
tan "^.
Phai xay dUng xa
hdi xa hdi chu nghTa sao
chp ddi sd'ng vat cha't ngay
cang tang, ddi sd'ng tinh
thin
ngay cang td't, xa hdi
ngay cang tie'n bd van
minh.
Ta't ca diu nham vao
hanh phue eua nhan dan.
"NhUng neu nUdc dpe lap
ma dan khdng hddng hanh
phuc td do,
thi
ddc lap cung
chang cd nghTa ly
gl"^°.
Mau chd't cua xay ddng
chu
nghla
xa hdi, theo Ho
Chf Minh la phai dda vao
dan,
dem tai dan, sdc dan

de mdu cau hanh phuc cho
dan.
Viec
gi
cd ldi cho dan
phai quyet lam cho bang
dddc. Viec gl cd hai tdi
dan phai quyet tranh cho
bang dUdc.
Quyin lam chu cua
dan,
hanh phde cua dan,
sU phat trien tU do, dan
chu,
cdng bang trong xa
hpi - dd la nhdng gia trj
dam bao eho ehe dp phat
trien ben vdng va chu
nghTa xa hdi thdc sd la mpt
xa hpi van hda eao, trong
dd,
eon ngUdi la con ngUdi
xa hdi chu nghla, nhan dan
lam ehu, dan tdc trd thanh
mpt dan tdc thdng
thai.
Nam,
tW tw&ng
Ho Chi
Minh ve doc lap dan tgc

gan lien vdi chu nghia xa
hgi the hien mgt quan he
bien
chuTig,
tham nhuan
sau sac quan diem
thUc
tien - phat trien va ddi mdi.
Nhdng luan giai cd
dpng,
ham xue cua Ho Chf
Minh cho tha'y, dpe lap
dan tdc la tiin di, la diiu
kien cua chu nghla xa hpi,
dd la nin tang chfnh trj, la
ed sd dan tpc eua ehu
nghTa xa hdi. Theo dd, chu
nghTa xa hpi sinh thanh,
phat trien va hoan thien
la dam bao thdc chat,
diy
du va bin vdng nha't eua
ddc lap dan tdc. Dd cung
la thudc do dan chu va td
do cua phat trien xa hpi,
mdt xa hdi van minh, hien
dai ma Ijch sd tlm tha'y sd
bieu hien td't nha't d ehu
nghla xa hdi. Chu nghTa xa
hdi,

dd cung chfnh la each
thdc td chdc xa hdi tdt nha't
(td'i du) de lam cho To
qude,
da't
nUde,
qudc gia -
dan tpc trddng tdn, eon
ngUdi ca nhan va cdng
ddng xa hdi dddc phat trien
td do, toan dien mpi kha
nang sang tao, dddc thg
hudng hanh phuc vat chat,
tinh
thin
trong mpt mdi
trUdng lanh manh, tdt dep
nha't. Dd cung chfnh la
ham y sau xa trong mdt
chan ly ldn ma Ho Cht
Minh neu ra: "Khdng cd gl
quy hPn ddc lap tU dp".
Gia trj a'y cung chfnh la
chu nghTa xa hdi, mdt ehu
nghTa xa hdi phat trien
thdng qua ddi mdi, sang
tao va hien dai hda. •
Chu thich
1 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, NXB
CTQG,

H.
2009,
tap
4, tr.
161.
2 Vo Nguyen Giap,
(chij
bien):
Tu
tLfdng H6
Chi Minh va
con dudng
each
mang Viet
Nam,
NXB CTQG, H. 1997,
tr. 231-232.
3 Ho Chl Minh: Toan tap, NXB
CTQG,
H.I
995,
Tap
1,
tr.465.
4 Ho
Chi
Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
tap 1, tr. 298.
5
H6

Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
tap 1, tr. 266.
6 H6
Chi
Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
tap 1, tr. 28.
7 Ho
Chi
Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
tap 1, tr. 28.
8
H6
Chl Minh: Toan tap, tap 9,
NXB CTQG, H. 2009, tr. 291.
9 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
lap
9, tr. 131.
10 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd,
tap 4, tr. 56.
TtP CHI
IHOHG
IIH BOI NGOillSO
2010