CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
1
CHUYÊN ĐỀ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH VÀ BẤT PHƯƠNG TRÌNH
BÀI TẬP SỬ DỤNG ẨN PHỤ (PHẦN 3)
Bài 1. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )( )
( )( )
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
1, 1 8 1 8 3
2, 3 6 3 3 6 3
3, 2 2 5 4 2
4, 1 1 3 1 2
5, 5 4 7 20 3
6, 2 5 4 7 5 4 10
7, 3 10 9 3 10 9 7
8, 2 2 2 2
9, 2 2 5 9 5 20 0
10, 1 7 1 1
11, 17
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
+ − − + + − =
+ + − + + − =
+ + − + − =
+ + − − − =
− + + = + − +
+ − + − =
+ − + − =
− − + − =
− − − − + =
+ − + − =
−
(
)
(
)
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
2
3 33 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
17 9
12, 35 35 30
13, 2 2 2
14, 9 8 9 8 2
15, 4 8 4 8 3
16, 4 2 3 4
17, 3 2 7 9 8 2 7 9 103
18, 2 10 9 3 5 4 12 50 85 36 47
19, 2 9 5 3 13 4 9 5 13 4 11 0
20,
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + − =
− + − =
− + − =
− + − =
+ + − = + − −
+ − = + −
− + + + − + =
− + + + − + =
− − − − − − + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
3 2
3 3
2 2
3
2
3 3
2 2
3 3
3
3 2
3 3
3 2
3 3
3 3
3
3 3
3
8 8 64 4
21, 3 1 3 1 9 1 1
22, 2 7 2 7 3
23, 1 1 1 2
24, 4 1 2 1 1 2 2
25, 3 1 8 3 3 1 8 3 6
26, 3 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 2
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + − + − =
+ + − + − =
− + + − − + =
− + − − = −
− + + − = −
+ + − + − =
+ − − + − =
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
2
Bài 2. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )
3 3
3 3
2 2
3 3
2
2
3 3
3 3
3 3
44
1, 2 9 1 3 4 1 5
2, 4 3 3 1
3, 3 1 3 1 2
4, 1 1 2
5, 2 8 4
6, 2 3 3
1 1
7, 2
2
1 3
8, 4
10 9
1 1
9, 2
2
1 1 3
10,
2
9
2 2
11, 3
9
1 2
12, 3
9 8
1 1
13, 2
2
14, 3 4 2 1
15, 3 2
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x
− = − +
− − = −
+ − − =
+ + − =
− + + =
− + + =
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ =
−
+ − − = −
+ −
32 2
3 32 2
4 4
4 4
4 4
4 4 4
3 3
2 1 1
16, 4 5 1 3 4
17, 5 2 1 3 1
18, 4 1 4 2 3
19, 9 1 8
17, 1 2 1 3
20, 1 18 5
21, 4 2
22, 2 6 2
22, 47 2 35 2 4
23, 97 5
24, 2 3 1 12 1 5
25, 1 16 2
26, 3 4 1
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
+ = +
+ + + = +
− + = −
+ − − =
+ + + =
− + − =
− + + =
+ − =
− + − =
− + + =
− + =
+ = − +
− + + =
− + − =
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
3
Bài 3. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )
3 3 3
3 3 3
4 4 4
4 4 4
4 4 4
4 4
3 2 2
3
2
2
4 4
4 4
4 4 4
3 3
3 3
3
2
1, 3 1 3 2
2, 2 1 4 1 4
3, 15 1 16
4, 1 2
5, 17 1 3
6, 5 1 2
65
7, 2 1
8
8, 17 3
9, 17 5 4
10, 18 1 3
11, 1 1
7 5
12, 6
7 5
13, 2
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x
+ − − =
+ + − =
+ + − =
− + − =
− + − =
− + − =
+ = − +
− = −
− + + =
− + − =
− + = +
− − −
= −
− + −
− =
( )
( ) ( )
3
2
2
3
3 3
4 4
3 3 3
5
5 5
4 4
3 3
3 3
2
14, 2 2
15, 1 3 2
16, 8 8 2
17, 2 3 2 1
18, 2 1 1 2 2
19, 18 79 5
3 3 20
20,
3
5 5
6 6 32
21,
15
17 17
5 2 5 2 62
22,
5
13 3 13 3
34 1 1 34
23, 30
34 1
24
x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
−
− = −
− − − =
+ − − =
− + + = +
+ + − =
− + − =
− +
+ =
+ −
− +
+ =
− +
+ −
+ =
− +
− + − + −
=
− − +
( )
, 3 . 4 4 . 5 5 . 3
25, 3 . 4 4 . 12 12 . 3
24 5
26, 30 . 6
30 6
27, 20 . 5 4 20 5
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x
x x x
x x
x x x x x x
= − − + − − + − −
= − − + − − + − −
−
= − − +
− − −
= − − + − − + −
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
4
Bài 4.
Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( ) ( )
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3 3
2
1, 4 2
2, 3 2 4 3 2
3, 3 6 2 6 2
4, 2 3 2 3 6 5 8
5, 2 1 1
6, 9 2 1
2
7, 2
1 1
8, 6 12 24
9, 2 2
1 1
10, 1 2 1 2 2
1 6 1
11,
3 10 2
2 3 10
10 8
12, 9
10 8
12
13, 12
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
+ − =
− + − =
− − + =
− + − =
− = − −
− = − −
−
− =
+ −
− − = +
− + =
+ +
+ + − =
+ =
+ +
+ +
− + −
= −
− − −
− +
( )
2
2
3 3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
12 25
12
12
14, 1 4 1 4 2
15, 7 1
16, 9 1 2 3
17, 1 2 1
18, 2 3 1 2 1 5
19, 2 4 5 4 3 5
20, 5 1 3 4 21 17
21, 7 2 1 1 9 5
22, 2 2
23, 1 1
24, 10 10
25, 4 2 9 9
26, 9 3 5 5
27
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
− = +
− − + + − =
+ − =
− = −
− − + + =
+ + − =
+ − − =
− + + =
− + − =
− = −
= + +
+ + =
+ + =
= + +
( )
2
, 16 2 2 1 2
28, 9 9
29, 4 4
x x
x x
x x
= + +
= + +
= − +
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
5
Bài 5.
Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )
(
)
3
3 3
24
4
3 3
3
4 4 4
3
3
2
3
2 2
3 33 3
1, 4 4 3 3
2, 2 1 1
3, 1 2 1 2 8
4, 5 5
5, 17 3
6, 20 4
7, 6 6 6
8, 1 2 3 2
9, 3 4 3 3
10, 2 5 1 5 2 2 18
11, 4 4 2
12, 2 6 5 1 2
13, 9 5 9 3
14, 7 7
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + − =
+ + =
+ − = +
− + =
+ − =
+ − =
− + + =
− + − = −
+ + − =
+ + + =
− + + − =
− − − =
+ − + − =
+ − + = −
(
)
( )
3 3
3 3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
15, 2 2 2
16, 1 1
8 13
17, 56 84 28
7
18, 1 3 3 1
3 1
19, 2 3 1
2
20, 8 6 5 5 3
4 2
21, 5 2 4
5
22, 3 1 1
3
7 3
23, 4 3 7
4
5
24, 9 1 5 1
3
2 7
25, 3 2 7
3
26, 8 4 9 9 2
4 1
27, 7 1 4
7
x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
− + − =
= + +
+
+ + =
− = +
−
= −
+ = −
−
+ =
+ = −
−
+ =
+ = −
−
= −
+ = −
−
+ =
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
6
Bài 6.
Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5 8
1, 3 2 2 5
3
14 12
2, 8 8 7 7
2
3
3, 4 3 9 3 18
2
4 6
4, 5 10 7 6
5
3 6
5, 5 10 8 6
5
2 6
6, 5 10 9 6
5
7, 2 5 11 11 15
8, 2 2 3 3 4
9, 4 5 3 3 7
5
10, 2 2 3 6 7
2
7
11, 3 2 2 7 4
3
12, 20 20
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x x
−
− + =
−
− + =
− + = −
−
− + =
−
− + =
−
− + =
− + = −
− + = −
− + = −
− + = −
− + = −
−
2
11 1 1
2 4 5
13, 1 3 3 1
x
x x
−
+ =
+ = −
( )
( )
( )
4 3 2 2
4 3 2 2
2
2
4 3 2 2
14, 2 1 3 3 3 1
15, 6 9 1 3 3 9 1
16, 7 14 12 7 7 2
17, 7 14 12 7 7 12
18, 7 14 7 5 7 7 7 5
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x
+ + + = + −
+ + + = + −
+ + = +
− + = −
+ + + = + −
4 3 2 2
2
2
2
2
19, 4 4 1 3 3 6 1
3 5 4 5
20,
4 3
4 1
21, 3 6 8 4
3
4
22, 3 12 17 4 1
3
4 7
23, 3 18 32 4
3
x x x x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
− + + = − −
+ −
=
−
+ + =
+ + = +
+
− + =
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
7
Bài 7.
Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
1, 4 3 5 5 11
2, 2 1 7 7 9
3, 9 6 11 33 1 11
4, 2 2 8 13 7
5, 10 6 3 3 4
6, 6 13 13 27 3
5 7
7, 2 16 19 5
2
8, 2 2 5 5
9, 3 7 4 7
8
10, 2 4 8 3
2
11, 8 2 5 15 5
12, 3 8 2 4 2
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
x x x x
x x x
+ + = +
+ − = +
− = + +
− = + +
− + = +
− = − +
−
− + =
= + + +
= + + +
−
= + +
= + + + +
− + =
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
4 1
13, 5 12 25 4 6 8 10
14, 8 21 36 7 3 7 9
15, 7 20 14 5 12 15 6
16, 9 10 72 4 5 2 8
17, 5 27 25 9 6 18 10
18, 21 15 21 3 10 15 6
19, 33 35 11 5 28 20 4
5 11
20, 2 8 7 5
2
21, 2
x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x
− +
− + = − +
− − = − −
− + = − +
− + = − +
− + = − +
− + = − +
− + = − +
+
+ + =
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 5
2 10 3
2 2
2 5 5
22, 2 3 5
2
2 5 5
23, 2 5 5
2
12 4 7 8
24, 3 4 19
3
4 7
25, 3 4 7
3
4 9
26, 3 24 41 4
3
x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
− = + −
+ +
+ + =
+ −
+ = +
+ −
+ = +
+
= +
−
− + =
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
8
Bài 8. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2
4 2
2
2
4 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1, 2013 2013
2, 1995 1995
3, 6 6
10
4, 11 1
10
5, 10 10
6, 4 2 5 5
3
7, 2 7 1
2
15 3 5
8, 15 24 1
9 18 13
9, 16 16 7 28 24 1 7 28 25
3 3 19
10, 3 18 1
8 3 21
11, 25 50 35 3
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x x x x
x
x
x
x x
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+
+ − =
−
= + +
= + +
+
+ = +
+
−
− + =
− +
− + − + = −
−
− − =
− +
− + =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0 20 30
12 7 15
12, 15 30 1
25 50 46
13, 4 8 11 11 26
3 3 5
14, 3 4 1
2 1
15, 8 17 3 3 13
16, 4 12 13 6 6 13
17, 9 3 6 7 57 21
91 1 2
18, 20 60
2 4 5
19, 2 5 3 3 7
20, 3 2 2 3
4
21, 2
2
x x
x
x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x
−
−
− − =
− +
− + = −
−
− + =
− −
− + = −
− + = −
− + = −
−
− + =
− + = −
− = +
− =
+
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
4 8
22, 6 8
2 3 1
23, 5 4 4 5
24, 4 7 5 10 7
25, 10 2 2 10
26, 4 7 3 3 5
27, 4 4 12 12
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
−
−
− + =
− −
− = +
− = +
− = +
− − = +
= + +
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
9
Bài 9. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
(
)
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3
1, 3 1 3 3 1
2, 6 12 10 3 3 4
3, 6 12 6 3 3 8
4, 3 3 1 3 3 5
5, 9 27 25 3 3 11
6, 3 4 4 2 7
7, 3 7 2 5 7
8, 8 12 10 3 3 2 1
9, 8 12 12 3 4 2 1
10, 1 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
+ + + = +
+ + + = +
− + − = −
− + + = −
− + − = −
+ + = + +
+ + = + +
− + − = −
− + − = −
= − +
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 2
3
3
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
1
11, 5 8 3 2 2
12, 7 6 5 5
13, 2 2 4 4
14, 3 3 2 2 2 4 3
15, 3 3 2 2 2 4 5
16, 6 12 12 2 2
17, 9 27 31 2 2 2
18, 3 3 3 3 5 1
19, 3 3 3 3 1 3
20, 8 12 6 3 3
x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
−
+ = − −
+ = − −
= + +
+ + = + + +
− + = − + +
− + − =
− + − = −
+ + = + +
− + = − +
− + − =
( )
3
2
3
3
3
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
3
3
3 2
3
2 3 3
3
2 3 3
3
2 3 3
3
6 1
21, 6 1 3 3 4
1
22, 2 1
2
23, 4 12 12 2 4 8
24, 4 12 12 6 4
2 1
25, 3 2 1
3
2 1
26, 3 9 9 2
3
2 2
27, 1 9 27 31 2
3 5
28, 1 3 3 3
3
29, 1 3 3 3 3
x
x x x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
x
−
+ + = −
+
= +
+ + + = +
− + = +
+
= +
−
− + =
−
− + − =
+
+ + = +
−
− + = +
CREATED BY HOÀNG MINH THI; TRUNG ĐOÀN 3 – SƯ ĐOÀN 8 – QUÂN ĐOÀN BỘ BINH
10
Bài 10. Giải các phương trình sau trên tập hợp số thực
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 2
3
3 2
3
2
2
1, 4 2
2, 1 2
1 1
3, 2
3 1
1 1 8
4,
7
50
5, 3 4 4 2
6, 2 4 3 3
7, 4 3 3 5 3 7
8, 2 2 2 1 2
2 2 2
9, 3 4 10
10, 2 3 4 1
11, 3 3 5 5 7 1
12, 3 3 5 5 3 3
13, 2 3 3 2
3
14, 4 3.
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x
x x
− + =
+ − =
+ =
− −
+ =
−
− + − =
+ − =
− + + =
+ + − =
+ −
+ =
+ + + =
+ + = + +
− + = − +
+ = −
− =
2
3
3
3 2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
12
3 8 2
15, 6 11 3 3 11
16, 3 3 5 6 6 2
8 12 6 1
17, 6
12 10
18, 3 1 1 1
19, 5 4 1 3 9 1 2
20, 3 1 2 1
21, 4 1 5 1
22, 1 7 1 8
10 15 6
23, 21 15 21 3
5 6
24, 2 4 1 5
2
25, 3
x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
−
− +
− + = −
+ + + = +
− + −
=
−
+ + − =
+ + − =
= + + +
= + − +
+ + − =
− +
− + =
+
+ + =
2
2 2
4 19
18 20 4
3
4 9
26, 3 24 41 4
3
x
x x
x
x x x
x
+
+ + =
−
− + =