Báo cáo " Đổi mới phương pháp giảng dạy một số môn học chuyên ngành thông tin thư viện " doc

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phdip 916119 ^^^
Th6ii9 Im '
Thuf
vi^n
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rong nhtfng nam
gin
day, viec
H
dao tao can bd nganh Thdng tin
H
- Thu vien (TT-TV) dang dugc xa
hdi quan tam. Rat nhieu trudng trong
pham vi toan qud'e da va dang md nganh
TT-TV. Tuy nhien vdi dae
thii
la mdt
nganh hpc thien ve eae ky nang nhieu
hdn la tu duy
ly
luan,
viee giang day cac
mdn hpc thudc chuyen nganh nay,
nhin
chung la thie'u suf Idi cud'n va hap dan.
Nhifng van de
ly
thuyet thu vien hpc
thudng khdng ed tfnh triu tupng hay lang

man,
bay bdng. Phan Idn ehi la cac kie'n
thifc khd khan thien ve cae quy djnh va
eae quy
Ude ciia
nganh. Qua khao sat sd
bd,
tren pham vi toan qud'c hien dang cd
gin
20 trudng dao tao chuyen nganh
nay
thi
tuyet dai da sd cac giang vien sir
dung phd bie'n nhat phUdng phap thuyet
trinh ke't hpp vdi trao ddi va hudng
din
thufc
hanh.
Tuy nhien rat nhieu ed sd dao
tao mdi md chuyen nganh nay
thi
viee
cho hpe sinh thufc hanh edn rat han che
vl khdng cd cac edng cu nghiep vu, do
dd viep giang day chi dimg d mifc day
ly
thuyet bang phUdng phap thuyet
trinh,
eho hpe sinh lam bai tap gia djnh bang
eae

vidu
ma giang vien
nghTra.
Vdi
each
giang day nhu vay, hpe vien thudng
khdng hieu rd each lam thufc te va
nhin
ehung khdng mang lai hieu qua. Nhtfng
gid giang
ly
thuyet khd khan eung lam
eho sinh vien mdi met va chan ngan.
VI
THS.
NGUYIN
TH!
KIM LOAN
Trudng Cao dang Noi vu Ha Noi
vay ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day cho
chuyen nganh thdng tin thU vien thufc suf
la mdt nhu eau cap thie't hien nay de
ehiing ta ed the dao tao ra dugc mdt dpi
ngu gidi tay nghe.
6
bai vie't nay ehung tdi
ehi
de cap
de'n mdt sd phUdng phap da sif dung
trong qua trinh giang day eae mdn

chuyen nganh TT-TV dat dUde nhifng
hieu qua dang khfch le. Muc dfeh la trao
ddi,
chia se kinh nghiem ddng thdi cung
mudn tham khao them y kie'n eua ddng
nghiep de ed the hoan thien hdn he
phUdng phap eho viec giang day chuyen
nganh TT-TV.
I. Mot so nguyen tac nham doi mdi
phUdng phap giang day
De viec ddi mdi phUdng phap giang
day eho ed hieu qua can
phairtuan thii
mdt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen
tie
sau day:
1. Tao bau khdng khf
than
thien va
vui ve
De hpe sinh yeu thfch mdn hpe, giang
vien phai tao dugc khdng khi thoai mai,
vui ve va nhe nhang, tranh gay cho sinh
vien suf cang thing va met mdi; Ne'u cd
the,
hay bie'n gid hpe thanh mdt budi vui
chdi tap the de sinh vien khdng cam thay
bj hpe ma dang dupe hpe. Tdi da timg
tham gia nhieu khoa hpe do eac chuyen
18

gia ngudi My, Canada va Oc giang day
va eac giang vien nay rat gidi trong viee
tao blu khdng khi vui ve thoai mai, ma
hp gpi la "warming up".
VI
vay nhieu khi
hpc vien cam giac nhu thdi gian trdi di
qua nhanh, va budi hpc da ket thue trong
sU tiec nudi
eiia
hpc
vien.
2.
Phat huy cao nhai tinh ehu ddng
eua sinh vien
Khi sinh vien
ehii
ddng trong hpe tap
se tranh dugc nhifng mdi met, se
hifng
thu hdn va thay thdi gian trdi di nhanh
hdn.
Viec
ehii
ddng hpe eung giup cho
sinh vien sang tao, chju khd dao sau suy
nghT. Do dd, ea bai giang lan bai tap
eIn
phai thie't ke sao eho ed sU tham gia
nhieu nhat

ciia
sinh vien mdt each
chii
ddng.
3. Thay dd'i hoat ddng, thay
ddi
each tiep can van de
de
tranh su
nham chan
Nhu tren da ndi viee day va hpe eae
kie'n thifc chuyen nganh TT-TV nhin
chung la khd khan va thieu suf hap
din,
do dd khi giang day phai ludn thay ddi
each tie'p can va tao ra nhieu hoat ddng
khac nhau de sinh vien khdng nham
chan.
Nhtfng nguyen
tie
tren day
eIn
dupe
tuan
thii
khi thie't ke mdt bai giang
thi
chac chan se tao dupc hifng thu cho hpe
sinh.
De thay ro eae nguyen

tie
nay van
hanh eu the ra sao chiing tdi xin gidi
thieu mdt sd phUdng phap, hay edn gpi
la thu thuat de tang hieu qua bai giang.
II.
Mot so' phudng phap lam viec
tang hieu qua bai giang
1. Xay dung eae bai tap nguoc
Bai tap thufc hanh la mpt bien phap
quan trpng de eiing cd
ly
thuyet eae mdn
hpc. Vdi cae mon chuyen nganh TT-TV
thi
bai tap cang ed vai trd quan trpng hdn
ntfa.
Bai tap thudng dupe ra eho sinh
Anh minh hoa
Anh:
VP
vien thufc hien de cimg cd mdt so ky
nang nghiep vu nhat
djnh.
Thdng thudng
bai tap ra theo dang tU di de'n khd, tU
ddn gian de'n phifc tap, tU viec sif dung
mdt quy tac ddn le den viee ke't hpp
nhieu quy
tie

vdi nhau de giai quyet bai
tap.
Tat ea eac dang bai tap dupe ra dudi
dang:
Cho eae dtf
kien,
sinh vien diing
eac kie'n thifc ly thuyet da hpe de tao ra
mdt sd san pham
eiia
quy trinh xif
ly
nghiep vu, dd ehinh la bai tap thdng
thudng,
hay bai tap thuan.
Vi du:
Cho mdt trang ten sach, md ta cudn
sach dd theo quy
tic
md ta qud'c te
(ISBD)
hoac:
Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the hay djnh ky
hieu phan loai cho cud'n sach dd theo
khung phan loai DDC
Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the, hay djnh
chii
de, hoac tU khoa cho cud'n sach dd.
Vdi nhtfng bai tap dang nay sinh vien
se phai tao ra eae san pham eu the nhu

ban md ta, ky hieu phan
loai,
ehii
de hay
tu khoa dd la eae san pham ma sau
nay hp phai tao ra khi lam viee trong day
chuyen xif
ly
nghiep vu thU
vien.
Loai bai tap thufc hanh nhu vay chiing
Tap
chf THU VIEN VIET NAM
(19)
19
tdi tam dat eho ten gpi la bai tap thuan vl
nd dupe xif
ly
theo mdt trinh tuf thuan tU
dieu kien de'n ke't qua.
Nhirng bai tap dang nay thudng giup
cho sinh vien eiing cd nhifng kie'n thife
ly
thuyet da hpe va giiip hp hieu sau hdn,
cu the va ehi tie't hdn
ly
thuyet da hpe.
Bdi vi mdt trong nhifng dac diem
ciia
mdn hpc chuyen nganh thu vien la thufc

te thudng da dang va phong
phii
hdn rat
nhieu so vdi
phin ly
thuyet ma nganh
hpe da
diie riit
ra. Tuy nhien de tuan
thii
nguyen tac ludn thay doi hoat ddng de
tranh nham chan thi
eIn
phai thay ddi
dang bai tap; dang thay ddi hifu hieu
nhat la dang bai tap ngupc. Bai tap
ngupc la dang bai tap ma ngudi thufc
hien nd se di theo quy trinh ngUpe lai la
tu ke't qua de'n dieu
kien.
Bai tap ngUde dUde the hien d hai
dang:
- Mgt la, eho mdt san pham sai, yeu
cau hpe sinh nhan xet xem san pham dd
sai nhu the nao, d dau? Dang bai tap
nay se giup sinh vien khdng ehi phai
hieu
ly
thuyet sau ma edn phai nam vtfng
quy trinh xuf

ly
va tao ra san pham dd.
Vl du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la eho mdt
cud'n sach, yeu elu sinh vien md ta cudn
sach dd theo quy
tie
ISBD,
thi
bai tap
ngUpe dang 1 nay la cho mdt ban md ta
ISBD
ciia
cud'n sach nay, yeu elu sinh
vien phat hien nhifng sai sdt trong ban
md ta dd.
- Hai la, eho mdt san pham, khdi phuc
lai dieu kien
cin
va
dii
de tao ra san
pham dd. Dang bai tap nay phat huy eao
tinh sang tao, kha nang tu duy triu tupng
eiia
sinh
vien.
Cimg ed nhung kie'n
thUe
quan trpng trong quy trinh xuf
ly

nghiep
vu.
Vf du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la cho mpt
cud'n sach, yeu clu hpc sinh md ta cud'n
sach dd theo quy
tie
ISBD, thi bai tap
ngupc la: Cho mdt ban md ta theo quy
tie
ISBD, yeu elu sinh vien thiet ke mdt
trang ten sach theo ban md ta dd.
Bai tap ngUpe se ket hpp mdt each
hieu qua dugc hai nguyen
tie:
Phat huy
tfnh
chii
ddng, sang tao
ciia
sinh vien va
thay ddi each tiep can va eac hoat ddng
de tranh suf nham chan.
2.
Xay dung eae trd choi nghiep vu
Trd chdi nghiep vu la dang trd chdi
dupe thie't ke tren nhtfng cuf lieu
eiia
mdn
hpc. Dang trd chdi nay ed the dupe the
hien d nhieu hinh thufc da dang va phong

phu;
ed the chdi theo nhdm, theo cae dpi
chdi hoac chdi ea nhan; Trd chdi nghiep
vu cd the diing dang eac cau hdi, trd xep
chtf, doan d chtf hoac dudi nhieu
hinh
thife khae; ngudi chdi se van dung eac
kie'n thufc
ly
thuyet va thuc hanh de chdi
eac trd chdi dd.
Suf dung Trd chdi nghiep vu trong
giang day se ed nhtfng Uu diem sau day:
- Ket hpp dugc ca ba nguyen
tie
da
neu d mue I;
- Cd the kiem tra kie'n thife
eiia
sinh
vien trong dien rdng, khdng phai
chi
trong mdt bai giang;
- Giup eho sinh vien van dung mdt
each
nhuin
nhuyin cae kie'n thifc da hpe
ea
ly
thuyet lln thUe hanh, phan ifng

nhanh nhay; Tang tinh chu ddng, tuf tin
cho sinh
vien;
De chdi trd chdi nghiep vu ed hieu
qua,
can phai thie't ke eae trd chdi
phii
hpp vdi trinh dp
ciia
ngudi
chdi;
nen phat
trien tu di den khd; Nen thie't ke eae trd
choi tren cU lieu
eiia
nhieu
phin
trong
ChUdng
trinh.
VI
vay tro chdi nghiep vu
thudng dupe suf dung de tao khdng khf
vui ve, khi can on tap lai mdt ehUdng
hoac mpt sd chuong da hpc trong
chUdng trinh cua mon hpc. Tro chdi
nghiep vu eung cd the dupc md rpng cho
20
cae hoat ddng ngoai khoa khi td ehife
eac budi giao luu giifa eae Idp trong khoa

hoac gitfa sinh vien eac trUdng eung
chuyen nganh dao tao, trong trUdng hpp
nay trd chdi nghiep vu dugc thiet ke tren
eir lieu khdng phai
chi eiia
mdt mdn ma
eua nhieu mdn hpe chuyen nganh.
3. Hge theo nhdm
3.1
Lam bai thuc hanh theo nhdm
Khi giang day mdt so mdn chuyen
nganh TT-TV
thi
viee thue hanh ddng vai
trd he't sife quan trpng. Mdt sd mdn hpe
cho phep tie'n hanh thufc hanh theo tUng
ea nhan nhu mdn phan loai tai
lieu,
tdm
tat, ehu giai tai
lieu,
tin hpc hoa, djnh
chii
de,
tu khoa tai
lieu.
NhUng mdt sd mdn
khac nhu: LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra
eifu;
thu mue hpe; tra eifu thdng

tin
ne'u lam bai thufc hanh ea nhan
thi
ke't
qua se rat kem, vl trong mdt khoang thdi
gian han hep, mdt ea nhan khdng the
hoan thanh mdt san pham Idn nhU mdt
mue lue, hay mdt ban thu
mue,
vl the
cin
phai thiet ke eac bai tap thufc hanh theo
nhdm.
Trong bai thUe hanh dang nay, mdi
nhdm phai hoan thanh mdt san pham
hoan ehinh nhu xay dUng mdt mue lue
chtf cai, hay muc lue phan
loai;
hoac
bien soan mdt ban thu muc; Do dd tien
hanh thufc hanh theo nhdm se phat huy
dupe tfnh tich cufc
ciia
cac thanh
vien,
mdi ngudi chju trach nhiem mdt khau
trong quy trinh thuc hanh tao ra san
pham.
3.2 Thi kiim tra theo nhdm
Kiem tra theo nhdm la mdt hinh thufc

kiem tra dudi dang mdt eude thi gitfa cae
nhdm;
Bai kiem tra thudng gdm hai
phin:
Phin
chao hdi va
phin
kien thifc
nghiep vu. De eho khong khf budi kiem
tra vui ve va thoai mai,
phin
chao hdi
thudng do ban giam khao
quIn
chiing
danh gia,
phin
nay tdi da
chi
chie'm 20%
tdng sd diem;
Phin
thi nghiep vu se do
giang vien danh gia. Khi kiem tra theo
hinh thife nay mdi nhdm se chpn eho
minh
mdt ten gpi an tUdng, gidi thieu ve
nhdm;
sau dd mdi den
phin

thi nghiep
vu chfnh thifc.
Kiem tra theo nhdm se giup sinh vien
phat huy eao dp tfnh sang tao, ky nang
thuyet trinh trUde dam ddng, ky nang td
chirc va tinh
thin
doan ke't hd trd ddng
dpi.
Giang vien cd the cho diem ddng
deu theo nhdm hoac phan biet theo
ddng gdp eua eae thanh vien bang mdt
sd tieu ehf thudng va phat eu the.
3.3 Thuyet trinh theo nhdm
Thuyet trinh theo nhdm la dang bai
tap dac biet trong dd giang vien se giao
cho mdi nhdm mdt de tai cu the nam
trong ehUdng trinh hpe hoac
eIn
md
rdng chuong trinh hpe, yeu elu sinh vien
vie't bai thuyet trinh va sau dd thuyet
trinh theo nhdm ve de tai dd trong mdt
khoang thdi gian quy
djnh;
PhUdng phap
nay se giup ciing cd phdi hdp nhieu ky
nang eua sinh
vien:
- Tang eudng tfnh sang tao: De bai

thuyet trinh dupe hay va hap
din,
sinh
vien phai thie't ke
phin
thuyet trinh eua
nhdm minh that an tupng, bang each
dan xen vao cae kie'n thirc cd ban nhtfng
vf du minh hoa sinh ddng va vui lien
quan de'n de tai ma minh nghien
eifu;
De
viet dupe mdt bai thuyet trinh sau sac,
ddi hdi sinh vien ben canh viee dpc tai
lieu va nghien eifu van de ty my cdn phai
bie't each vie't sao eho logic, khue
chiet,
ngan gpn, sang sua.
- Cimg cd nhieu ky nang khae nhau
nhu ky nang ndi trude dam ddng; ky
nang viet; dac biet la ky nang td chire.
Bdi vl de td chifc mdt budi thuyet trinh
sinh vien phai biet phdi hdp vdi nhau sao
cho hieu qua nhat, do dd phai ed
diu
de
td chifc thi mdi dat dupe ke't qua.
Tap chf THU VIEN VIET
NAM
3(19)

21
- Tao dupe khdng khf vui
tUdi,
tre
trung dung vdi lira tudi eua sinh
vien;
Khi
thuiyet
trinh ed the ke't hpp nhieu kien
thife phu trp hoac dan xen vao eae
phin
van nghe nhUve, thd, nhac nen, ea hat
Nhin ehung viee hpe theo nhdm se ke't
hpp dupe ea 3 nguyen
tie
da neu d mue
I mdt
each nhuIn
nhuyin, tao eho Idp
hpe mdt khdng khf vui ve, sdi ndi, thi dua
lanh manh va doan ke't. Tang eUdng tinh
ehu ddng, sang tao eua sinh vien va
cimg cd phdi hpp nhieu ky nang mem
ben canh eae ky nang ve nghiep vu;
Tuy nhien de viee thuyet trinh nhdm
dat dugc hieu qua, giang vien phai ludn
theo sat qua trinh ehuan bj,
tUvan
dung
lue de eac nhdm lam viec theo mdt djnh

hudng ehung hUdng den mue dich cudi
ciing.
Cin
chu y khae phue
sUy
lai
ciia
mdt
sd thanh vien khi xay dung each danh
gia ke't qua sao cho cd sU phan biet gitfa
eae thanh vien tich cufc va thanh vien
ehUa
tich cue.
III.
Yeu cau do'i vdi giang vien khi
doi mdi
phUdng
phap giang day
Khi tien hanh ddi mdi phUdng phap
giang day, dae biet la ifng dung eac
phUdng phap neu
tren,
giang vien eung
phai tuf ddi mdi phUdng phap tu duy va
tiep can vdi bai giang
ciia
minh. De thie't
ke cac bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang vien
phai ludn tim tdi trong thUe te de ed the
cd dupc nhimg bai tap thuc sur htru ich

dd'i vdi sinh
vien.
Viee phat hien nhtfng
sai sdt trong quy trinh xir
ly
nghiep vu de
tao ra eae bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang
vien phai ludn di sat vdi thuc te, khao sat
cae san pham TT-TV trong va ngoai
nude.
Mat khae de tao ra eae bai tap
ngUpe dang thif hai ddi hdi giang vien
phai lufa chpn nhifng san pham dae trung
de mUdng tUpng lai eac dieu kien tao ra
san pham dd.
Thie't ke eae trd chdi nghiep vu ddi hdi
giang vien phai phdi hpp dupe kie'n thife
ciia nhieu
phin,
nhieu mdn hpc sao cho
logic, hpp
ly,
nhung
vin
phai tao ra suf
bat ngd va vui de trd chdi gay himg
thii;
nen thay ddi cac
hinh
thUc trd chdi de

giup sinh vien tie'p can vdi mdn hpc d
nhieu khfa canh: tU ehi tie't de'n tdng quat
hay ngUpe lai tU tdng quat de'n ehi tiet.
Cae bai tap thue hanh theo nhdm yeu
elu giang vien phai mudng tUdng dupe
toan bd qua trinh diin ra cae hoat ddng
dd,
de phd
bien,
hudng
din
sinh vien
each phdi hdp; Phai dUa ra mdt thang
diem eu the de danh gia cho ehinh xae
va hpp
ly;
Phai cd ky nang
tUvan,
gpi md
de tang cUdng suf sang tao
eiia
sinh
vien.
Tdm lai, ddi mdi phuong phap giang
day theo hUdng
ehii
ddng hoa,
tutin
hoa
va sang tao hoa cae hoat ddng hpe

eiia
sinh vien nganh TT-TV la mdt yeu elu
cap thie't. Nhifng phUdng phap chiing tdi
trinh bay tren day da dupe ufng dung de
day eae mdn chuyen nganh kha "khd
khan"
nhU: Phan loai tai
lieu,
LUu trif
thdng tin va bd may tra
eifu,
thu muc
hpe,
tra eifu thdng tin, tdm tat, ehu
giai,
tdng quan tai eae TrUdng Cao dang
Ndi vu va mdt sd trUdng Cao dang, dai
hpe khae ed day chuyen nganh TT-TV
va ket qua rat kha quan. Tuyet dai da sd
sinh vien rat hifng thu tham gia va td rd
suf sang tao, tfnh
ehii
ddng, tinh
thin
doan ket va canh tranh lanh manh khi
thufc hien eae bai tap dudi
hinh
thifc la
eae trd chdi nghiep vu, cae bai tap nhdm;
Cac em eung hifng thu vdi cac bai tap

ngupe va thudng
ehii
ddng giao nop cae
san pham va dieu dd cung dem lai himg
thu eho giang
vien.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Ho Thieu Hung. Doi mdi phuang
phap giang day: "Giao vien bi nhieu rang
bugc
qL/a7/
22
2.
Tran Thj Lan. Doi mdi phuang phap
giang day
tUly
thuyet de'n thuc
te'/IKy
yeu
Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi mdi phUdng
phap giang day tai trUdng Dai hpc Khoa
hpc xa hpi va Nhan van. Oai hpc Qudc gia
Ha Npi, 2009.
3. Tran Thj Chung Toan. Hudng tdi
Trong nhifng nam gan day, nhieu
trudng dai hpc, cao
ding
trong ca nUdc
mdi md chuyen nganh

thU
vien-thong tin.
Tuy nhien vi day la mpt nganh khoa hpc
chii
yeu thien ve thufc hanh va kha kho
khan nen mudn gay dupc hifng thu hpc
tap cho sinh vien thi ngudi giang vien can
phai c6 sU ddi mdi trong phUdng phap
giang day. Tac gia bai viet gidi thieu mpt
sd phUdng phap lam tang hieu qua bai
giang - dupc ifng dung giang day d trudng
Cao dang Npi vu va mpt sd it trUdng dai
hpc va cao dang trong ca nudc da dem lai
ke't qua dang khich le nhU: Xay dUng cac
bai tap ngupc, cac tro chdi nghiep vu,
hudng dan
each
thUc hanh va lam viec
theo nhom vdi mong mudn dUdc trao
ddi,
chia se kinh nghiem cung nhu tham
khao
y
kien
tU
phfa cac dong nghiep de c6
the hoan thien hdn he phUdng phap cho
viec giang day chuyen nganh thong tin-thU
vien.
Dong thdi tac gia cung nha'n manh

mpt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen tac
can thie't khi ddi mdi phuong phap giang
day nham tao ra khong khi vui ve cho sinh
vien,
phat huy cao do tinh
chii
dpng sang
tao d sinh vien va tranh
sU
nham chan
trong qua trinh tie'p thu bai hpc
ciia
sinh
vien.
nhdng gid hgc vui trong giang day Tieng
Nhatl/Ky
yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi
mdi phuong phap giang day tai TrUdng
Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhan van.
Oai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2009.
4.
Nguyin Van Chinh. Dam bao chat
lugng giang
dayl/Jap
chi Nghien cUu
Giao
due,
2009 Sdl.
In the recent years, a number of univer-
sities and colleges in Vietnam started

offering library and information science
education programs. However, this is a
majorily practical and boring field of study
so lecturers must enhance their teaching
methods in order to stimulate students.
The author introducces some ways to
improve the effectiveness of the lecture,
which have been applied at the College of
Home Affairs and some other higher
edu-
cation institutions, and approved to be
rel-
evant such as opposite exercises, profes-
sional games, practice instructions, group
works, etc. The author would like to share
these experiences and call for ideas from
other colleagues in order to further
improve teaching activities in the library
and information
field.
In addition, the
author emphsizes some critical orienta-
tions when renovating teaching methods
so as to create an open learning environ-
ment for students to be active and avoid
boredom during teaching and learning
process.
Tap
Chf THU VIEN VIET NAM 1
(19)

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