Mô hình tăng trưởng và xu hướng nghiên cứu về hướng nghiệp ở trường phổ thông từ 1964 đến 2022 phân tích thư mục với cơ sở dữ liệu scopus

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ISSN: 2354-0753

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022).22\231, 25-31

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MO HiNH TANG rRU'oNG vAxu HU6NG NGHITN cull
nu'6Nc NGHTEP O TRUONG pHO THoNG Tu 1964 DEN 2022:
PHAN TiCH THI-I MUC vOI CO SO DO'IInu SCOPUS

Phpm Th! Hdng H4nhtr,
D6 Thi Hdng Li6n2,

L4i Phuong Li6nr,
D6 Thi rrinh{
Article history
Received: 03/10/2022

Accepred:

l8lll2u2

Published: 05/ I 2/2022

Keywords
Career guidance,

VOSviewer, K-12,
Bibliometric, school

ITnrong
fri trqc Su pl .Dm Ha NOi 2; zfnmng Qui. t6 - &i ttoc Quti giu gu NOi;
rTniong D4i hqc Gi6o dtc &i hsc Qutic gia Ha NQi; aTruong Dqi hac
Su pfum - Dai hgc Tlt li Nguydn
+ Tic gia hdn hi o Enail: phamthihonghanh@)pu2.edu.vn

ABSTRACT
In recent yean, career guidance in high schools has received considerable
anention, which is reflected in the vie*,points and guidelines rn education and
policies, contributing to promoting the economies of developed countries.
The main objective ofthis study is to investigate the development ofscientific
publications in terms of quantity, groMh pattems and research trends on
career guidarrce in high schools around the world We used bibliometnc
analysis based on VoSviewer software to conduct a rer,'iew of382 Scopusindexed articles and books published between 1964 and March 2022. This
stud shows that scientific publications on career guidance in high schools

have grown steadily in the 2lst cenlury, especially from 2010 to present.
Recently, the dominanl research trend has been the topics related to prepanng
high school students for career selection; opportunities to create socialjustice
in undentanding and deciding on career choices; ways to obtain social
resources to support career-orientation activities in high schools.

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dij,i nhanh ch6ng tttli voi hinh dang cua thi tnrong viQc hm li diu hiqu cua c6c ndn kinh t6 toan ciu
hoa hi6n dai, n6 se Ung cri vi tin suit vd cuong dq rong 20 nim toi (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2014). D& bier. al6i
voi nhtng nguoi tre tu6i, diilu ndy de din tt6n mQt s6 ch6nh lQch l6n kio dai qu.i trinh chuydn ddi nr mro'ng hoc sang
noi lim vi€c vd ldm tang tinh phric tap vd tinh canh tranh cta n6 (Mann.& Huddleston, 2016). Di€u huong thanh
c6ng cic thi tnrdng.dang chuy€n dich niy tldi hoi cic ci nhin ph.ii c6 ki6n thric siu r6ng v6.cd bdn thin vi cdc co
hQi gi6o duc vi ngh€.nghiQp mo m cho hg. Vi th6, hucrng nghigp (HN) {l6ng mQr var trd rhi6t ydu trong viec xdy drmg
nhtng ki neng vd ki6n thtrc o cric qu6c gia tr€n toiin ciu. HN li.m6t biiin s5 manhd6 xem xet tronq c5c xi h6i d.in

Nhtng thay

cmoclipd0toanciutAurangzebetal...2020).C6ngtricHNt6t.tangcuongquydnqchtvirquy€nlgachoncua
mdic6 nh6n ld cip thiet de tham gia vio nen kinh tC thi trudng t6t hon (Aurangzeb et al., 2020). Do d6, tl6 ph6r tri€n
lqud" 1lhll lu9, 1c9ai GDDT, hqc 4p su,i doi, cin cung cip thdm cho HS hi6u bi6r va HN (tlo.200a) g6m ba
thimh t6 chinh le thong tin nghi nghipp, nr v6n ngh6 nghiQp vd lap kil hoqch nghi nghiQp. C6c tsuorg phO ttrOng cin
iit cht dQng trong vifo huong HS ttiln nhtng lua cnqn ngh€ nghigp dung din ptir: trqp voi ndng l1rc cta cric em
(Malinda et al.. 2021 )
Trudc boi canh tl6, nhi6u nghi€n crru v€ LIN o tnrong pho th6ng khang dinh vai hd cua HN fiong vi6c chuan bi
cho HS THPT vdo.gi6o duc tlai hoc (Loan & Van,20l5: Angelista,20l8; Malinda & Mandyata.202l). D5 cdng triLc
HN hi6u qu.! n6 cnn duoc tlua vdo chuong trinh chinh vich cdng, chinh sdch cho 916o duc HN o truong phd thdng
(Wafls
e Sullana. 20041. ktit lurin nay dga tr€n vigc kh:io slt vd chinh srich dinh cho ml cua 37 qu6c gia. ihOng
vifo di6u chinh b.ing cdu h6i OECD, dtra ra ciic loi khuy6n cho viQc dua chinh vich hoo li d€ thric ttdy hoat tldng HN
cua m6i qu6c gra. B€n c4nh d6, cdn c6 c6c nghi€n ctu vd viQc tlua HN vio chuong trinh giang day, ddng thoi chi ra
t6c dQng tich cuc cua HN vio hiQu qud cua c6ng ric HN o tnrong phd th6ng (Modiba & Sefotho, 2019; Mudulia et
al., 2017). Ngodi ra, cdn c6 mdt sd nghien cuu lien quan il6n HN sri dung sinh trac hoc: Ph6n tich Bibliometric c6c
nghi€n ctu c6 nr kh6a li "Truong d4y ngh6" cua Al H"saeni & Nandiyanto (2022)l cdn Yu
e Zhou (2016), da sri
dqng dD liQu g6m 719 bii hio nghi€n cuu v6 gi6o dqc ngh€ nghidp cua SSCI, vd st dqng phan mi:m Cite space de

di€u tra tinh hinh girlo dqc n$6 nghi6p quoc t6. Kh'ic voi cric nghi6n cfu tren. trong nghi€n cuu niy chung t6i cung
cip cdi nhin tdng quan vi s6 luong. md hinh Eng truong va xu huong nghi€n crru v,i Htrt O tnrong phd rhong tr6n

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25


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Tap chi Gi.o duc (2022),22(231,2U31

ISSN: 23540753

lW

d€nthing3l2D2. D6 hi6n thuc hoi nh[ng mgc ti€u nriy, chung t6i tli sri dung
phuong ph,ip phin tich tric lugng thu muc VOSviewer tr6n co so dt liQu Scopus, ld mQt trong nhtng co sd dE li6u
hac thuet lor nhat tren toan the gi6i. Noi dung chinh cua bai brlo dugc ciu trtc nhu sau: (l ) trinh biy cric khril niQm
v€ HN o tnrong ph6 th6ng tluoc tdng hgp dpa tren c5c tai li€u, cdng trinh hiQn c6; (2) gioi thieu c6ah thu thap trip dE
liQu vd phuong phip lu{n cho bai phdn tich niry; 13,) phin Ktit qr::i nghien crlm trinh biy.c6u mi loi cho c6c c.4u hdi
nghidn cuu ndu tr€n; (4) thno luin vE nhEng han chd vd ! nghia cua nghiEn criu niy vi k6t lu6n.
2. K6t qui nghi6n criu
2.1. Khdi nQm hning nghiQp
Nghi€n ctru gdn diy cua OECD^, Ngdn hang Th€ groi (rr\ts), Trung tam Phrlt tri€n chdu Au cua GD-DT ngh€
(CEDEFOP) vd Quy EAo tao chau Au (ETF) (watts &.Sultana 2004) chi ra HN, tu v6n vd th6ng tin girip m5i qu6c
gia dat tluo. c ba mlrc ttiu chinh: (1) l4uc tiiu hqc hip su6t iloi, (2) Cung cdp kit qua cia thi tnrtng bo &nS: (3) t4uc
tieu binh ildng xd hQi vi) hoa nhQp xd hQi. Voi vai tro quan tro. ng nhu viy, nhi6u nghien cuu v6 HN trong girio.dgc
tli ttua ra tllnh nghia HN, tuy nhi6n c6 mot s(i khec biet trong c5c tllnh nghia tl6. Wats vi Sultana (2004) cno ring.
thuit ngt "[IN" tluo,,c st dgng d6 bao ham tAt ca c6c dich vq nham hd [q cda ce nh6n, d mqi ltra tu6i vA bat ki thoi

tli€m nio trong su6t cuQc gdm ba thdnhi6 chinh:1l1Thong tin nghi nghiip. thdng in v,i dc thoec th6ng tin thi truo'n glao dQng: (2) Tu uin nghi nghiQp, dvo.c thut hi6n tr€n,co so hoac theo nh6m nh6, trong d6
su chu t4p trung vio crlc v'an tl€ ngh€ nghiQp tlfc biQr mn cdc oi nhen ph;ii tl6i nht: (3) Gitio duc nghi nghi(p,lir
mdr phin cua chuong trinh girio dyc, trong tl6 chri il€n viQc gifp aic nh6m, ci nhin ptr.lt tri6n ning lltc qu.in li str
phrit tri6n ngh6 nghiQp cua hq. Theo Ludt Gi6o duc, HN ld hQ th6ng cic biQn ph6p ti€n hanh nong vd ngodi co so
giao aqc d6 grip HS co ki6n thtrc v6 nghi nghiQp. c6 khd neng lua chgn nghA nghiip dua tren sg k6t hqp giira nguy(n
vo. ng, so tniong cua c6 nhin voi nhu ciu su dung lao tlQng cua xe hQi (Quoc hQi, 2019). Theo clinh nghia qay, ngoai
cria hoat tl0ng. gi6o duc trong nhd tudng, cic nhd truong can phrii k6t n6i voi cric co sd ngoii gi6o dpc d6 gitip HS
cO tridu biiit v6 tri tnfc cric ngdnh nghi vi nhu ciu sri dgng nhin lgc lao tlQng trong xd hQi, ttr d6 c6 co so khoa hqc
vd thuc ti6n vr! nghd.nghiQp, d6 lua chqn nghril nehi€p fua_tr€n s1r kiit hgp gita nguyQn vong, so truong cua crl nhgn.
Nhu viy, HN gdm cric dich rq va hoat ddng nhdm h6 tro c6c ci nhin, cua mqi lta tu6i ve tAi bat ki thoi .li6m
nio trong.sudt cugc doi ctra hq, al€ dra.ra cic lua cho. n v6 GD-DT va ngh6 nghiQp cfrng nhu qu.in li sq nghiQp cta
hg; bao g6m viQc cung cdp th6ng tin v6 thi truong lao dQng vi oia co hQi gi6o dgc vd viQc lim khi mgi nguoi cAn
n6; h6 trq mgi nguoi phtim rLnh nguygn vo. ng, sd thich, ning lgc cua hq, thuoc tinh c6 nhin, trinh tlQ vi khd neng dd
pht hgp voi nhu ciu hqc 6p, alio t4o, alip ung ydu cdu cua vl tri viQc ldm.
th6 gioi hong khoang thoi. gian

i

2.2. Phnrng phdp nghiin

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ciu

Phan fich fiec lugng thu mqc lir m$t trong nhtng phuong phrip nghi6n cuu tlugc img dung phd bi6n nhdm thdng
k€, ph6n rich va ttua ratfii,nh gii t6ng qurit vd cda in phim khoa hgc c6 cung chir cu the (Chahrou et al., 2020; Hallinger & Kovadevii, 2019; Kakouris & Georgiadis, 2016). Phuong ph6p phAn tich
si5 thi5ng kd m6 ti vA m4ng luoi cric tric g4 t4p chi, tnrong tlqi hac, qu& gia vi n:

kho6 nghidn cuu thdng qua dt liQu trich din vd c:ic ki thuit phin tich tin su'it (lvtunim et al., 2020). Nghi€n ctru nay
sri dung ki thuat phan tiih quan h9 ddng tu (co-word) vi phin tich tldng xudt hign (co-occurence) cua cdc tu khod
nghdniuu. fh6ng kC quan irQ diing tu 1co-word) clro ph6p chung tdi kham ph6 s6 luqng vd mo hinh chlng cua cic
nghi6n cuu d6 xuit ban v6 cht tl6 HN o xuong ph6 th6ng, tldng thoi tim ra nhimg nghi6n cuu ndi ,Mt nhit vi chi ra
cic xu hu6ng nghi€n cuu khri thi c6 the ph6t tri€n trong nrong lai. PhAn tich li6n k€t thu mgc th6 hiQn viQc hai nn
phAm aOng r[oi auqc trich d6n boi in phim thri ba cho thiy n6u sti luqng trich dar/tai liQu tham khao mi cd hai in
phim cuni st dung cing nhidu thi su li€n quan v6.cht tli: cua hai tai liQu niy cdng cao (Zupic & Cater, 2015).
Nghi€n crru cua chung tdi srlr dung dt liQu cic dn phim khoa hqc tluo. c lip chi mUc t€n Scopus, m$t trong nhirng
co sd dt liOu khoa hgc co uy tin. tlugc chip nhin vd su, dqng ph6 bi€n boi mdJ bQ ph{n tl6ng ddo cic nhd khoa hqc
(Do et al., 2021 ; Pham et al., 2021). Ben cgnh d6, h€ th6ng b6o aio uu ti6n phpc !'u tdng quan hC lh6ng vd ph6n tich
t6ng hqp dd dugc sri dqng d6 d6'rn bao chit lugng cua qtui trinh tim kiiim rai liQu (Moher et al., 2009). Quy trinh lim
dunh r6"h .,i.o .6ng trinh khoa hqc v,i cht da HN o trucrng phri th6ng phuc vu phdn tich tric luong thu muc,
giim co 4 bu6c Buoc I - klentification: Truy vin tim ki6m ban tliu cua chung t6i cho ra 994 c6ng trinh bing l6nh
TITLE-ABS-KEY ("career guidance" OR "career education') AND ('K-12" OR "primary school" OR '3econdary
schml" OR " high school" OR'lniddle school" OR'Juniorhigh school" OR "grammarschool" OR "dame school")
(truy xuit nr co so dt liQu Scopus, 16:30 ngdy 23/312022). Tri kho6 tn:ng trim cua nghiEn ci.ru niy ld "carcer

tr'ic lugng thu muc bao g6m mQt

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26


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ISSN: 2354-0753

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(231,25-31

quri
guidance". D6 co thi bao hirm rir ca c.ic in phim nghien crru_vi chu Ae nay. aiin nr cic nhi nghr6n cuu o nhi6u
"career
g6m
orientation"
vt
nglria.
bao
giiy
lin
nhim
!
khric nhau. nhom nghi€n cuu tld cht 1i d6n cic thuar ngud6
!a
:vocational gudance"-ui "career exploration"- MQt sii tu khori co nghia.gin hoac co li6n quan (nhu career education.
vocational eiucationl cing tluoc dA cip. Ching han, nhidu nguoi nhim lin ngt nghia cta hai thuat ngt'tareer
neuoi
vC
guidance" vi "career orientrion". itec biQt khi 6p dung cho girlo duc nghd nghifp- C!*g
[NnghC
1p
nghiQp
kE
hoach
f,q" nhung.'care., guidance" bao g6m: tim hidu ihong tin nghi nghiQp. nr rin ngh,! nghifp, lip
orienruion" chi huong d6n HS tim hi6u th6ng tin ngh€ nghi€p. Nghi6n cuu niy sri dgng "career guidance"
"dn.tare"l.
nhri hoo voi c6ch st dune trons cdc tai li€u duqc trich din. B€n canh d6 nh6rn tic gid cing st dqng tit ca c6s thual
thdng girio duc nr miu gido
|gy nii ui eiao au. pno ltrong ae at tiqu r4p m:ng vno vin di nghi€n cuu: "K-l2"

.:primary sctriot', "grummur r"h6ol" vA "dame school" li truong ti6u hqcl "secondary school'.vd
iE" iret
,.middle
schooi" ii tnrong THCS; "high school" vd'Junior higtr school" li mrong THPT. Btntc 2 - Sc,ree n ing..l'i}Ln
dim brio crirc bai bio tluo. c lga chqn pht hgp voi muc ti€u nghi€n ctru cta nhom. chung t6i ti€n hanh c6ng ric sing
f""
atlfe, Uilai, thi6u, trong d6 c6 cac Al tlgu ttri6u tOm tit. Tdng cQng c6 tiSng s6 267 c6ng trinh biloqi: Btrtc
"a.
i - fligttitity: Sau aA, chung tdiliiip tqc loai thCm 3 l5 cdng hinh. MOt hong nhtng li do lo4i clc bii b6o khdng phu
kh6ng li6n quan
t qp Jlui doen nay H d nrnlg phan cua bii b5o ddu c6 ch,a ttr khori nhung. nQi dturg lai v6 finh wc
trinh bi loai sau
c6
582.c6ng
quan.
c$ng
tl6
Tdng
it
li€n
canh
ho4c 6ai ctc tei c6 ngi dung nghiEn crru v6 mnr khia
pht hop' bao
hqc
khoa
trinh
382
cdng
hqp
duqc

t6i
tiirng
buoc 2 vi buoc 3.. Btrtc 4 - tniluded: Cu6i cung, chung
muc'
lugng
thu
phdn
trAc
tich
gdm c6c bai b6o vi slch/chuong sich tl6 phuc vu giai doan

9:'.'li

ulf

rtfti;

oui ohdn fich sau khi st d4ng tde luyng tht mgc VOSViewet
Si' tWnC, mo hinh tdng tnnng nghiin ciru vi hwng nghi€p o tnong tth6 rhong
ph6 th6ng tir nnm 1964
Drra t€n cdc xu huong ang tnrong iua c6c cdng trinh khoa hgc vA gieo dqc HN d truong
hai giai doan: l96zlndy
rhinh
vi
d6
cht
ae" tt erglrzozz aoq. tLi t iin r.*giinh /. chun-g tdi chia co so tri thirc
45 c6ng trinh dugc
gid
vir

chi
c6
chri ]i
20w.. sii doan it quqn tam, trons, d6 chu da greo duc HN it dugc cdc hqc
*uir d1 tctti6n1 t6odng I 1.8 " o t6ng s5 cdng trinh xuit brin nr 1964d€n thang3/2022); l0l0 tldn thdng^312022.: giai
dtnn tdns tnrone.lrcns do xu husnS xuit bdn v€ chri dd HN o tnrong ph6 thdng dugc gla Eng nol tl-ol so vor gral
a"i" i*3. aa rirJ tr-&,g *"it uan Ang khil tliu qua c6c nim. Trong d6 ntrm dat tlinh v6 s6 lugng cdng trinh xu4t
23. K&

2.3.1 .

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x'uit hin trong giaiioqn niy |i337 tchiiim khoang 88-2oa tong s6
fOng.,i."Ong t
2020 voi 50 cang t
in ohim tluot xuat ban'nr teoa din ttring 3lzo22;. C6 rhd thdy, trong vdng 35 nim o grai tloan-ddu ti6n. ti l0 xuit
I
bin c6ne trinh li6n quan d6n cht di gido duc HN o mong ph6 thdng rAt han chii. trung binh m6i nam chi dat '28
ri6ng
qua
ndm
Chi
cdc
khong
tldi
nhu
giai

cing
db4n
nav
o
cuu
ngiri€n
ao eirtine
;ar.
sin
(tu nam 2010
nrm 2007 ca s6 luone cone trinh-xdr bdn nhiiu nhdt li 9 c6ng trinh. Trong hr:n m6f thap ki tro lai day
trong vdng
tt6n thrine jr2022t. s6'luon-e cdne rinh xuit Uan ,d Ut',t O pl6 th6ng di c6 su tEng mrong wqt trqi. Chi
biet'
m6i
nam.
trinh
28
c6ng
xuit
hin
binh
dat
trung
trinh.
rinan. ir.,ong to c6ng Jnh xirit hin ln 337 c6ng
^Dacco sfr
pho
th6ng
ve

HN
o
xuet
hin
trinh
luong
cdng
vd
2021
s6
trons ba na,rn tro lat tlav siim cic nam 2019. 2020
xuit bin v6 chu d6
sia ;ne aane ke ,oi cac ion s6 tin tuot ti 36. 50 vir 40. Ri6ng ba ttuing diu nim 2022. s6 luong
ti6p niii xu huong
ptrim
cd
n6m,
trong
+n
in
J*s ay doin sE trng l6n to'i tra
bdn

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ting vd sii lugng xuit ban so voI nem truoc d6

Itinh l. S{ pluit triiin thudng ni1n ah aic c6ng trinh khoa hqc
27

vi fll t

tnmng pnd th6ng

ti

1964 ttiin 3/2022


VJE

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(23),25-31

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quh gia

ISSN: 2354-0753

co s6 luo. ng c6ng trinh

An ph6m
nghi6n cri'u

Qu5c gia

va 6ng hA rich d&t
1974 din 3/2022

xuiit ban

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din

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Xet theo lugt trich din, theo thiing kd o hing l. c6 thd thiy oic nuoc MV, fu r, Uc vd Nea ri6o tuc nim t nnn
nh6m 5.nuric c6.sd luqng rrich dan cdng trinl ntrl6u nh6t. Trong m aa ,n+. ai
*1a i"-"'.-dr-"
b.iu: nhitu hor gdp ddi ( l6.cdng tri-nh) so voi Hi tan (8 cdng trinh), nhung tiing luor nich
din crla nirj,c na'y thip tron
so voi Hd lan gin mdt nua. Da so cdc nuoc o ci ba khu vgc clr.iu Au, chiu Ml va ch,au A co vi luqng t6ng trinh
xuir Udn nfri6u ntrit tiiip ot xuit hi6n trong bang nay.
2:l 2
chinh trong cac c6ng trinh nghiAn c a hiQn tqi ve huong nghiep d mtdng phti th6ng
1964
d4n uing 3/2022

oi*lrf;

c-la"

t*

.9* :y-ly?

\el theo thti tV tt cao
TT
I

3

I

Tir khria

Ddng xudt hign

T6ng ilQ manh
cdc lien kot
l2tt

HN Career

I t9

Giio duc

5.1

67

Ph6t tri€n su nghiQp

29

3t

Lua chon nghd nghiQp

I5

THPT

ll

5

t1

6
7

Thanh
nlen
Tu quydt dinh ngh6 nghiep

t,l
l2

li

ll

STEM

II

11

9

Dd

9

t6

9

l3
l3

l0

lt

thanh
HS truns hoc

n lcn

l9
t7

9

l2

HN (Vocational guidance)
Sg mrong thdnh trong ngh6 nghidp

7

l4

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Tu vdn nghri nehigp

l2
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VJE

Tap chi Gido duc (2022),22(23),25-31

ISSN: 2354-0753

l6

Ddnh gi6 ngh€ nehi€p

5

12

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Ki su

4

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Trong s6 I l,l5 nr kh6a, c6 75 nr khoa tl6p ung ti6u chuin cua chung t6i vi duo-c hidn thi trong ban d6 k6t qua.
Cic hr kh6a ph6 bi6n nh6t nhu sau: (t{N (Career guidance) = I 19, Gi6o duc ngh6 nghiQp: 54,.Ptxit tri6n ngh€ : 29,
Lya chol ngh6: 15, THm 14; Thanh thi6u ni6n = 12. Clc tu kho6 "HN', "Girio dqc ngh€", "Ph5t tri6n ngh€",

"LUa chqn ngh€" cn'lg tl6ng thoi la crlc tr.r khod c6 tlO manh li6n k6t cao nhet. Cu the, d0 manh li€n ket cua c6a tu
kh6a tl6 theo thritu lan luot h: 128, 67, 31, 31.

:

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. *d.1ud.*.

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di cdc tt khod biing phmn-g phtip ph,An fuh d6ng ,*it hi4, gtoi drqn t 964 -3/2022
05 fi khu;, m6i rt khai xuit hi€n ir nhdt 3 ldn)
Di c6 8 cum con tlugc trinh biy trong iinl 2. Ctic cum con tlai diQn cho cric ttr kh6a c6 li€n quan vi phd bi€n
nhit trong linh qrc gi6o dgc nghd nghigp, HN o truong ph6 th6ng. Ching han, trong ch n di: ph$'T/ quyit dinh nghi
nghiQp", circ nt lcn6a chtnhli dinh kiin gioi, sten, n^ thu!)t, HS, sinh vidn, tnmng hpc.
tfinh

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pkmtg ptrb phAn tbh d6ng ruit hiQn giai ibqn 20 I I tlh ttuimg j/2022
29

-r


VJE

ISSN: 23540753

Tap chi Gieo duc (2022), 22(23),,2+31

.Hinh 3 cho thdy cac cht dE vi xu huong nghren cuu ph6 bidn ntrit vi gido duc ngh6 nghifp, HN trong cac mrong
phd thdng trong khodng l,l nim tol4i dey
L2022). Cic tu.khoa c6 mdu cing.viLng th6 hiQn khoang thoi gian
tlung binh md hr kho6 xuat hien nhieu nhat cang gen hien Bi. K6t qu.i cua hr ban tl6 tren chi ra rtug nghi6n ctu v6
grdo dUc ngh6 nghi6p, HN trong airc truong ph6 th6ng hiQn nay da vd dang dd ci. p tl€n cilc vin d€: t6c dQng de HS
ph6 th6ng c6 tim li chtinbi. sdn sang lqa chpn ngh€ nghiQp @zueer readinesses); co hgi t4o ra sr cdng bdng xd hQi
(socialj ustice) trong hi6u bi6t vd quy6t tlinh lya chqn ngh€ nghiQp; cech thrrc tim cAc ngu6n lry xd hQi ho trq (scr;izl
support) c6c hoat tlong HN rrong trudng ph6 th6ng.

e|l

3. K6t luon

Trong brii bdo ndy, chriLng t6i cung cip nhtng thdng tin khoa hoc c6 h€ th6ng. tliu ti€n ve tdng quan cAc c6ng trinh
neli€n cuu li€n quan tl€n huong nghi€p o truptd lhong da tlng ldn trong nhring ndm gin diy. tlac bi€t lir nr nam 2010 cho tl6n nay. Nhtng kiit qud nay phin dnh
tim quan trgng cua HN trong trudng ph6 th6ng. Trong s6 ciic quoc gia c6 ning suit cao v€ nghi€n criu, Mi, Nga,
Anh li nhtng quoc gia c6 s6 lugng 6n ph6m lon nh6t. K€t qui ph,in tich d4ng vi toan diQn li€n quan d€n HN o phd th6ng tu nhi6u khia canh nhu chinh sich, GV vri tlio t4o su ph4m, girio
dqc HN. Tuy nhi€n, do cht dA da dang. Ai liQu md c6c ric gri xri li cing kh6c nhau vd mrrc tlQ tl6ng trich din khdng
cao. Ph6n tich cua chtng tdi cho th6y cic linh 4rc nghien cLru cfu dd ph6 bitin nhdt vi phdn 6nh cic xu huong thay
d6i trong linh vuc niy theo phdn tich trich din tu khoa. xu hu6ng nghien criu.n6i trQi hiQn nay li cdc chir d€ li6n quan
il6n vigc t ic dQng d6 HS ph6 thong c6 tnm li chuin bi sAn sang lua chon nghd nghi6p (career readinesses); co hOi tao
ra sg cdngtring xd hdi gocialjustice) trong hi€u bi€t vd quy6t ttnh lga chqn nel6 nghiQp; cich thtc tim,cic ngudn
lqc xa iQi hO trq Gocial support) c6c ho4t tlQng HN trong truong ph6 th6ng, nhim thich tmg voi mQt th6 gioi dang
thay ddi. Nhu vay, c6 lhe they. khi nghiCn cLru HN d truong phd th6ng n€n tip tnrng nghi6n cfu s6u sic va hQ th6ng
hon ndu nghiEn cuu tl€ cdp il6n c6c v6n ttd n6i nen, vd c6 th6 llra chgn mgt xu huorg khdc v€ khai rhdc cAc chinh
sich vi ngudn luc x6 h6i dd tic tl6ng vdo hi6u qua c6ng tric HN trong c6c nha Eudng ph6 th6ng hi6n nay.

l,bi dm oa: Nghihn ctiu nay lry d nq boi Bi GDD| qu ai qi "fd, fup giet 4E tudng d*p tu S &y
,tu6n foin ffirA h@ plui thilA tlpD Clamrg fiinh giib Qrc fii ttfig 2018'l ,rrA i: e .ZOZ|*Z-OZ.

lrr

Nhi{n tlic gintu n tla,A cbn on PGS. TS Ngrry€n Tiiin Trurg (Ihtdng
dA eiip ib cliirg rfii trory qui ,tinh tl4n hQn nghieil ciu riy.

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Oltu gia Ha Nd)

Tiri liQu tham khio
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