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E

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(21), 59.$4

ISSN: 2354-0753

B4O Lu. C HOC DU'ONG GIUA HOC SrNH:

MoT NGHIEN CTIU TONG QUAN TU,CAC CONG Bo QU0C TE
Trutrng Thi Thu Thuf

Vi6n Nghidn cuu Gia tlinh vd Gioi - Vi€n Hi,n l6m Khoa hoc xa hQi Vi6t Nam

&nail : truongthuthuy I

Article history

ABSTRACT

Received: lll8D022
Accepted:2119D022
Published: 05/l l/2022

School violence is a problem that seriously affects students' psychologli and
healdr as well as t}e quality ofschool education and the safety of families and
society. This paper analyzes existing lit€ratue to investigate the prevalence

of school violence in different countries around the world, conceming both
Ke)'words

physical violence and emotional violence. The research materials were taken

School violence, physical
violence, emotional violence,
response, student

from various intemational publications on school violence. The

research
results show that school violence was a common phenomenon in all suweyed
countries, in which, mental violence was considered to be the most common

form of violence among students, especially female students. In addition,
fernale students were also the group which was more susceptible to online
violence. Regarding how to respond to school violence, in general, the main
factor that can handle this situation is the positive response of students when
confronting violence which mainly roots Aom the connection beiNeen
students. teachen and schools.
1.

M& iIAu

Bao tqc hqc duong @LHD) xrly ra d moi khu wc, qu6c gia GTNESCO & UN Women, 2016) va dd lai nhidu
quri nghi€m tro. ng d6i voi su ph6t hi6n cua tre em. Bio fuCd6i voi tre enL bao gdm bao luc vd ti\ii chit, tinh duc
vi tinh cam, c6 tIc tlQng ti6u cuc nlng nd d6n suc khoe, bao g6m thuong tfch, c6c b&rh liy nhi6m qua duong tinh
duc, tr6m cirq lam dung ch6t kich thich, hr lim hai ban th"in, loai trir xE hdi vi c6 ging qu tu (Wandera et a1.,2017.,
UNESCO, 2014). B4o lgc gita cdc cd nhin d giai tloan tl6u tloi nhu tu6i vi thinh ni€n ld m6t yiiu t5 nguy co tling
ke din d€n mdt loat cec roi loan suc khoe tdm thin, tEng ti l€ trii trd thanh nan nhan va r6i loan chirc nang tAm li xa
hQi (Lenow eial., )Ot S1. S6 fiiu thOng ta
WUO cfrJ tnay, trang nam uOc tintr c6 hon m6t ti fie em tu g d; ;di
12- I 7 bi bao luc gi[a c6c ci nhin voi cdc hiu qu.i v6 stc khoe dm thin. bao gdm trdm carn lo ldng, nr nr vi cdc

hanh vi cflng nhu cdc vAn dd xi hdi (,rNICEF, 2021). B6n canh d6, vi€c hd thinh nan nh6n cua ban bd tluoc coi Id
m6t y6u o nguyco chinh doi voi cric vin tli suc khoe tim thin o nt em hoac tl€ lai,criLc dnh huong tim li keo d.ii
dcn tudi truong thanh (wandera et al., 2017). Nhirng hiu qu6 s6u r6ng cua BLHD d6i voi trd em cdn tro ndn drlng
lo ngqi hon trong bi5i cinh toan ciu h6a K thuSt s6, khi c6c cd nhdn c6 thri An danh tinh tr6n Intemer vi st dung c6i
n6n tang c6ng nghQ sd nhu m6t c6ng cq.bao luc. NhiCu k6t qua nghi6n crru dd chi ra tinh qang bqo luc mang ngay
cang gia tnng, nhi6u fie em ilang bi bet n4t tren mang, c6 t{p xn h6i vd b6c l0r Wc tuyen (Best et al., 2014;
Christoffenon, 201 6; INICEF, 201 7).
Bdi b6o ndy sri dgng phuong ph6p phin tich tai li€u sin c6, ql thii li r6ng quan c6c nghidn crru qu& ,: vA nI-fD,
.
nhdm muc tlich tim hi6u mric dQ ph6 bi6n cua hai hinh thric BLIID thuong gap d tle em lta tu6i HS li b4o lFc th6
chAt vA bao luc tinh tiuin, ctng nhu crich thuc ung ph6 voi BLIID cua he. V6 co bin, c6c tai liQu tlugc nghi€n ctu
c6 thii ph.in thdnh hai loai: (l) C6c nghi€n cuu st dung s6liOu khio slt quy md lon toan cdu (Kh6o sit Srlc khoe HS
toan criu (GSHS) vd Khdo srlt Hirnh vi suc khoe o tre em trong do tuoi di hoc (HBSC) crla To chLrc Y G the gioi
(WHO) ho6c khu vuc (Nghi€n crru cta Bhatla vd cdng su (2015)); (2) C6c nghiCn cuu truong hqp.
Duoi diy, sau phdn rrinh biy mot s6 kh6i niem chffi ctng nhu phan tich mgt si nghien cuu v0 muc tl6 ph6 bi6n
cua BLID (bao luc thd chdt vd bao luc tinh then). su khrlc bidt v6 groi trong trdi nghi€m vi h{u qu.iL cua BLID,
chung t6i sE tlua ra mQt sd nghiCn cuu vA crich rmg ph6 cho HS kii phei d6i m{t voi tinh tr4ng ndy.

hiu

.*

2. K6t qui nghiGn crim
2, 1. MOt s(i kh.ti niqm vi Ogo hF ngc ArOng
Theo Estdvezl vi cQng sU (2008). vifc ttua ra mQt tlinh nghia duy nhit vd bao luc (vi BLTID) Ii iit phric tap boi
khia c4nh ndy cua hd,tth vi con ngu
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ISSN: 2354-0753

Tap chi Giao duc (2022]|,22(21),59$4

cho rdng, BLHD c6 5 loai hinh: (1) B4o lrrc tlii ch6t; (21 n?o luc tAm li; (3) Bao luc tinh duc; (4) Bit nat; (5) Bit nat
tren mqng.
Cdn iong nghi6n cuu "Gini quyiit b4o luc trong truong hac: goc nhin toan ciu", Li6n hqp Qu6c sri dung clinh
..mmg phat
thd chit'' lphysical punishment) vi'.tnrng phat tim li" (psychological punishment; cua Uy ban v€
nghia
Quyin tre em cua LiCn hqp Qu6c dd noi v6 bao luc th€ chdt vir bAo luc tinh thin. Theo d6. "mmg phAt h€ chat Ii hrit
ki hinh phar nio trong d6 st dung vi lpc vi nhim g6y ra tlau t6m li bao g6m nhidu hinh thuc tnmg phat, nhu coi thudng, ha nhuc, gidm pha, d0 l6i, tle dqa g6y sq hei ho{c ch€
grEu dfa tre" (United Nations. 2016).
Chung t6i cho reng, vi€c vach ra mot ranh gioi qch rdi giira c6a hinh thric bao luc ld.hrong d6i kho khin do sg
chdng 6fcua mQt sd bi6u hi€n b+o luc. Vi du, bao luc tinh th,an d6i khi duo. c su dung beng thuflt ngf "bao luc loi
n6i",:'bao luc tAm li xe hQl' trong nhi€u nghien crru quric tii @ang.Bich Thiy vi cQng qt, 2018). Vi v{y, trong ph4m
vi bii hi,o ndy, "bao luc tirii ch6t" tluor hiriu li tit cd.oic hanh vi c6 st dqng vfr.l1rc giy ra nhtng t6n thuong.v€ th6
xic cho HS khic, "bqo lqc tinh than- dugc hiiiu h rit ca c6c hanh vi vi loi n6i c6 f gdy tOn nai vA mat tntr *rar/tam
h, di6n ra qrc ti6p, gida ti6p hay qua m4ng Intemet.

-

i

22. MQt sb nghi4n aia q"6"

ti

i

tg" lf"

ngc ihrirng

2.2.1. Mirc d8 ph6 bi€n caa bqo htc hac Artng
Nhfng nghien cuu c6 quy m6 lor dn chi *, SLHD h hien t rqng pnO tiiSn tren rit ca crlc qu6c gia ilugc khio sit.
Vi du, dfr li€u "Kh.io s6t Suc khoe HS toin ciu- (GSHS) cho tlliy, 36% HS tl6 tlinh nhau voi mQt HS kh6c ft nhit
mdt lin trong nim qua. Tr6n rit ci cic qutic gia hoan rhanh GSHS, ti lQ tham gia vdo mQt vu tlinh nhau nim trong
khoang h.r 102% dih 75,1%. Khoang l/10 HS cho biiit c6 t6n suit tlilnh nhau cao, cuthd lA, 10,6% HS hai hoqc ba hn vi 8,1% trr biin hn tro lOn trong 12 tlliLng qua QNESCO, 2019; WHO, 2019). Ngodi ra aic nghi6n
cLiu c[ng cho th6y c6 su kh6c biQt gita cric khu qrc tren th6 gioi vi muc dQ phti biiln BL]ID. Ti lQ xiLy ra bao luc thii
HS brlo crio vd viec tham gia tlinh
nhau n-r 4 l6n trd l6n trong n6m qua d khu vuc Thii Binh Duong (12%), Trung D6ng 112.8%.1vi Bic Phi t 13,3%);
nguqc l4i, HS d Trung M!, Nam M! vir chau A it brio crio vu viec bao luc th6 chit nhlit (ti te lan luqt ld 4,9%, 5% ve
ch6t cao nh6t d

Bic Phi vi Trung Ddng vd

rh6p nh6t d Trung My ve chau A.

Ti

19

5,7%). Cdn vd bao luc tini ftan, s{i fieu HBSC cho th6y b4o luc tinh thnn phti biiin hon 6 Bic M! vd chdu Au so voi
c6c khu wc kh6c. D0 li€u HBSC cho thlSy 28,4% HS d Bic M! vi l5,l % d chdu Au brio c6o bi pho 1d/b6 qua trong
ciic hoat dOng. O Canaaa vi chiu Au l0.l% HS da bi dn cdng m4ng qua tin nhin vd 8.2% da bi de dga qua hinh

anh QNESCO, 2019; WHO, n.d.).
d quy md nh6 hon, nghiCn cuu cua Bhatla

vi cQng sg (2015) thuc hiQn o 5 qu6c gia chiu A cho thny, ti l$ HS
b6o crio bi bao luc boi b4n be dao tlQng nr 33% d ViCt Nam den 58% d Campuchia. Ri€ng d krdonesia ld co su khic
bi6l tling k6 theo gioi tinh voi 59% he em trai cho bi6t bi ban trt b4o lrc, cao hon so voi tre em g5i (44%). Nghi€n
I qu6c gia Nam My cfu ra ring. o truong hqc, u6 em cht y6u bi bao luc vi
tinh thin vd th6 ch6t nr nh[ng tre khic. Cu th6, d le rd em tung bi cric b4n hgc cung l6p, cung truong bao luclit27"/o.
Khodmg l/3 vi tre em tlu. c kh6o s6t cho biilt cic em d6 xzi qua mot s6 hinh thtc bao lw, none d6, 24% tnii qua b?o
luc tinh than,30% tt emtli tniiqua hai hinh thuc bao luc tinh thin vn thti chit hong 12 th6ng qua.
So sinh xu huong phrit tri6n cua hai hinh thric bgo luc, theo sd liQu GSHS, bao lUc thd chit tl6 ginm d gdn mQt
nta vi qu6c gra vd vtng Enh thd. Tuy nhidn, bao lyc tinh thin. cu the li bit nat tren mang co xu hu6ng ting l6n. Dir
crru cua IGSR va UNICEF (2017) rai

lifu nr cric nudc ochiu Au cho th6y. ti I€ tre em trong dQ tu6i Il-16stdunglntemetbi bit n4t nen m4ng Eng nr
7% nim 2010 l€n 12% nnm 2014 (IrNESCO,20l9; WHO, 2019).
Bao luc tinh thdn cing ld hinh thric b4o lqc c6 tr lf HS bdo c6o cao nhir (Bhatla et al.. 2015). Ngoiri cric vdn tli
vd co sd h4 ting vd hQ thiing nhu khdng c6 tlt an ninh, nhd vC sinh khdng an toan vi khdng ri6ng biQt cho HS nam
vd nir, cic hanh vi hdmg ngdy c0ng g6p ph,in tao ra biu khdng khi thiiiu an toin trong trudng hoc. Vi du nhu vi& sri
dgng c6c ngdn nr lSng m4, nhtng bric tranh vC ph'h cem trCn tudng, viQc thudng xuy€n tiimh nhau, quiy r6i ho4c
cuop/gi|t dd cua nhau, su thd o cua GV. C6c sAn choi, nhi v€ sinh, cIng tin, thu viCn (Bhatla et al., 2015).
2.2.2. Su kh
li

phdng hgc, hinh lang truong hoc,

Dt liQu GSHS cho thay, tre.em trai ld d6i hrqng bi bao lgc th€ chdt nhi6u hon tre em grii. Trong khi d6, he em
g6i thuong d6 bi bp lgc tinh than, bi de dqa tr .uc tuyCn qua tin nhAn GINESCO, 20 I 9; WHO, 20 I 9). MOt s6 nghi6n

criu trudc tl6 cfing chi ra tlic di6m ndy, vi du, nghiCn ciru cua IGSR va UNICEF (20 I 7) tai CQng hda Suriname cho
60


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Tap chici6o duc (2022),22(21), 59-64

ISSN: 2354-0753

cig.b1jao.luc laJ tTo (ri ndy o HS nam h 2i%). hinh huc bao luc co rin su6t xdy ra cao nhat
*i
: luc
]!-11
ll,O.r,
la bao
nnh than voi 43% nt em cho bidt tla mii qua hinh thLlc bao luc ndy nr 8 lin nlJ l6n trone
t2 tixins.
1e

(2016). tre em gdi co mii nghiQm bao lsc tliu ti6n o d6 tuoi som
hon diil voi tre
,..i, i,
, ,.fI.9P"i:I.r." Fbold
nhdt ld doi voi hinh vi tong ti€n. hrinh hung vri HSnn cllq ld d6i tuqng co ri-le bi gdy
"? 1 nr
hdn lrelational aggression
bqn cung trudng. cao hon^ HS nam. Nguy6n nhrin khi6n HS nt co kha;nng dc bi baoluc
hcm h vi hq uf"aio nr,ar',
vi do c6c tlac di6m co th€, tinh cdch hoac xu6t thin cua minh-@narla et at- zo tsl. tuong tr,r. dt lieu bsHS

ngo4i hinh ld li do thudng xuy&r nhit tluo. c tlra ra tt6 chii giEq bit nat gita c6c nir HS,-Sg
biQt o khu qc cnau a,
Caribe vi chAu Phi cAn Sahara (TNESCO, 20 I 9).
B€n canh nt HS, c6c HS ld ddng tinh n[, ildng flnh nam, song tinh vd chuy6n gioi (LGB]-)
dang din ho thdnh
nh6m HS c6 ti 16 bi bao luc cao vi c6 xu hu6ng phrii chlu ttung mqi loai bao luc.-Basile vir c6ng s;
1Z0l 9; chi ra
ang. cac nhom nr iiri,. ris aong tinr, nri. aong tinh narn ruonj rinh
-i,
"'n"*""i
duc cua minh co fi le bi bao luc cao nh6t o bdr ki mdt hinh rhric bit nat ndo. Kiit luin iiy cing
tE tluoc chi ra truoc
d6 trong mQt s6 nghi6n crru v€ BLrD o m6t s6 qul'c ga khu wc ch6u A - Th6i ei*r buon!
lahatia et al.,zlt5;

;; ft;

"iil;s khff;*

il,i*, o*

UNESCO,20l4).

ngr.horh6y nguyen nhin goc € cua BLHD khong han nim.o b6t ki n6n van h6a- truydn thring hay
, , Y,*Fdiiy
nio ma ndm o cdc vin dd co ciu r6ng hon, c6c chu6a muc x-i hgi, ni6m dn vd hirnh vi sau xa dinh hinh sioi

thd che

quyin luc. Vi du nhu rip luc phni ruan tire-o cac ctruin muc groi rinh.

Hi f.f6,,*;;r-[i5;#;;
xu phat. Ngoai r4 qic chuong trinh va phuong phrip giang"i,irrg
d?y
khong
rrang bi. rriy trt cho frs *irng
:6.ft9
kien thftc. ki^btning song vir thdi do s6ng d€ tham gia viro cdc mrii quan h6 d6ng tlanglanh manh ve phong ch6ng bao
lsc, hav ban chit kh6ng bi€n gioi cua phuong tidi truydn th6ng xa rci .r,o pnEp uuJruJi6,i* t ir['*8i nq" a"*g
trorg mQt kh6ng gian mang 6o kh6 ki6m so6t (LTNESCO & UN Women, 20 I 6).
2.2.3. Hiu qua cua bao lrc hoc thrtng tl6i voi hoc sinh

il f,fj

vA

*"

BIF 3t tuT.g n4ng nd diin th6 ch6t vi co thd giy ra cdc vdn. dA.suc khoe tam thin tdu dii cho HS. Tric dong
xic li rd nng nhdt co th€ bao gdm v6t thuong nhe hodc nang. vet bim tim. gdy xuong va nr vong. Nan nhrin bqo
luc c6 khd ning to thinh nguoi thu tlOng vi th{n trqng qu,i mric, sq biiiu dat tuong vn Jim xric c6-nh,in, va aidu
iC
f
,,

tlt€

hon_la chung c6 thii tro thdnh thri ph4m, gay bpo lqc hong tuorg iai
6errara et at., 2O t ly.
B6n cqnh c,tc hanh vi bao luc tnrc ti6p, c6c hrinh vi bao luc qua mang tuy duo. c thuc hi€n girfu tiiip qua
cric phuong

ticn K thuat s6, heu qu.i lai Id htu hinh. 'Nan nh,en cta b6t na, rc" rnang
r.rra ir#g
*su, rn" r,iy

*ic,

J a*t

"o gflp phrii
vd bo hoc srirn hcm c6c HS kh6c. Hg cflng c6 nhi6u khn ning nh6n di6m kdm
vi
c6c v6n ad ve suc nroe ve
lgngt.u tpng thip Trong nhtng tinh huring khic nghi€r. bir nar mn.mang dd dinl6n nr sit',
ruNICEF .
O m6t khia canh khdc. ngfuen cr?u cira Ganhe vd cQng sg tl6 chi ra ring, tre vi thanh ni€n li nan nhdn
cua nhi6u hlnh
thric b4o lgr c6 c6c tri€u chimg tr.im crim vd lo 6ng cao hon tting k6 io voi nhang tre chlu tlmg hinh thric bao
lgc
Schwartz vd c6ng su (20 I 7) gitii thich rdng, vi6c nd thinh n4n nh6n cia hanh vi bao luc hr ban
be c6 thti do su
ginm srit nh{n. thric ban than, trong d6 long qr @ng bi ha th6p li yilu tti duo. c nhic d6n nfridu nir6t. pto
6inh nay dac
biet ro rang d(ii voi tle vi thinh ni6n c6 c6c ttdc di6m nhu hay tu kich ban thdn, ho6c co xu huone
nshr' ban than h
kiiiu nguoi thu hirt su bit nat. Su tu mich ban rhan va dnh caci
tr,ii t i icn ngol; ui uit*i.hap ,it
oai
"o
cta ban be. Ngoii ra, trd vi thrinh niCn bi bit nat cflng c6 vin dA

trong.cri,c henh vi tuong tria
ban be tldng rarg
hia. Didu ndy tl{c biQt ttrlmg ro ngqi d ch6. nguoi bi b6r nat nhdn ttrucing minh d vi J
rJ.g"tram
ie, ,ne
ngang hang, nhin thric nay c6 th6 g6p phin vio c,ic hanh vi thu minh vi phuc tung cria trq va ao aO "i.
;6 thii tam
tro. ng th€m nhtng tro ngai trong giao di5p vi tinh nnng bi bit nat boi
cdc ban cung trang lta cua ho. ph6t hi6n ndy
tluqc kh6ng dinh l4i trong mQt s6 nghi€n ctm vd sau 1S-elnow etal.,Z)lg).
2.3. Ctich ing phd viri
lttc \oc futry tt phia h7c sinh
Phin ung cua HS tloi voi hrinh vi bao luc do ban hoc gdy ra ld da dang vn c6 su khric biQt v€ gioi. Tre em c6

zoti.rly.

.

G

ii-.u-;r.

*I,

,.

llo

hanl

thii

nhudtrng nguoi ngoii cu6c thu tlQng. C6c

em cing c6 thri cii gi+g can thiQp <16 bao v! nan nhin vi tl6ng
ld nguoi "henh 6e.[o*re, zoi+j. Ce" Hs nt co
xu huong chgn cdch nhd ban bd hoic nguoi lon gitp d0 vi d6i thoai voi. nguoi gdy bao luc nhriu
hon HS nanL trong
khicdc fun nam chqn cdch chr5ng trd vir khOng nhd bdt ct ai giip ttd nhidu hon cdc ban n& (Cava et al.. 2021
). Nh0ng
cich hi6u quri vi quan rong tld HS can thi6p vno cric tinh hu-6ng bao luc d truong c6n Uao gOm tirn ki6m s1i grup ao
nr n8u.gr lq,yi nhren vi6n nhi ttong khdng thi girip dd hoac can thiQp n6u hq khdng bidt ring HS dang ta
nai nfran.
Tuy nhien. HS co th6 khong b6o crio su viQc cho nhdn vi€n nhd truong vi so bi tnh ttrtr troac Uan ue nr chli ui
da quay

lqs
vai trd

6t


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ISSN: 2354-0753

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022\,22(21),59-64

hien hinh d6ng h6 [p n4n

1mg vor c6c HS khdc (Be*owiz,2014). Tuong tU. nhimg nguoichung ki6n kh6ng th{c
giin
vi
hq c6 th6 khdng bi6t cich
hoqc
tlon
nf,ai aa pnin an n6i sq hai bi tro tlanh nan nhan tirip theo. sg b[ trd tht.

img (Berkowiz,

phriLn

2014).

.

,

A

^

Klli nlne bdo c6o bao luc cua HS bi anh huong bVi6t Nanr- nEu HS cO Ui6t mOt Cv ma tre c6 thii t6m su duo,,c thi trong tudng hgp khi bi bao luc, nhi6u khd nEng tre
tich
Ji
r"t
r"ie". xt t"i ttrn tre iiep xuc voi canh cha tll.nh m9 d nhn c6 th6 nhin ra vn kh6ng
"u

"a"
cur qla
thich hdnh vi d6]vd vi v{y, te c6 khn neng s6 n6i vttr c6c
IGSR vn LINICEF (2017) cdn cho ttriy Ang, auong ntru tre cang lon thi cdng han ch€ tim ki€m su giup tld
thiy cd bdi chung sq l;n di cta minh sE khdng tluo. c hio mit.
vi
Cec ph6t hiQn tr€n khing tllnh yiiu ti5 qu.ai tro. ng c6 th6 hm gierq duy tri ho& lirm mim rrqng thdm. hanh
ph?m
thu
phdn.hoi,tich
cuc-cho
th€
cung
cdp
trd
em
c6
Vi
du,
luc
d6.
voi
hanh
vi
b4o
BLHD ld c6ch iIS pl11m rmg
ch bing cach dung r"n1.i. ha"h vi bao luc. vd do do. nhfng nguoi giy 5qo lgc c6 the hi6u hinh d6ng niry ltr su

;;;6;idra

,err;

r&;

chip thu4n ngim cho hi,nh vi hung hang cua chunS (Craig et a1...2000).

eifn

co lien quan diin m6i quan h0 ti6u cuc vrii GV boi vi cdc em oiLrn thAy
m6t khia canh kiec, nan *an
kh6ng tlu . c brio v0 khi trd thdnh muc ri6u bi b6t nat, cic em phii chiu dLmg s .u b6t an ton, cam tn6y U4o \rc kh6ng
nh{n-tluo. c sg quan t6m thmg mirc ttr phia GV vd tnrong hqc.-B€n canh d6, nhtng HS bi b4o luc it nhan du-orc sE ha
ftr-nr GV s6 muiin nghi hqi vi sq hei nhi€u hon tl6ng kil so voi HS.thuQc cric nh6m kh6c (Olweus, 1993). Vi vdy,
n6u HS vd GV cung cO nhtng plBn rmg tich cUc ddi voi bqo luc, sii W viec bao lgc vi ngn nhin bao luc d hudng
ift6 gian1 tlicu 6"*o*izliot+). Ngt i6n criu cria Cava vd cQng su (2021) cflng t"a
tAp
-' trong biu khdng khi tich cuc tli khi bi bao lUc, re sc uu ti6n vigc nhd GV gitip tld.
Ngoli *, th"o quul tliilm li thuyit van hoa xi hQi, ngoai ga tlinh, truong hqc thi nh6m quan tro. ng c6 rlc dong tliin vi€c c6 nhan HS rmg ph6 ra sao voi BLHD, bOi ttreo Monks vd cong su (2009) l6p luan,
reiiie* uri ia] ra gita trai ca *ran m6t cictr co hp. gao lw sc ptro bnin hcm 6ong c6c nh6m ddng dnnc. lg1
Jv
md sg hurg h6ng, thiing tr1 vd cic hinh thric tu
b

iii

bao lqc, tr€ em c6 nhirng cich kh6c nhau tl6 x6c ttlnh vd phan img lai sU bat nat dua tr€n nhi6u cin nhdc nhu nhin

ttruc v€ mric tlO nghi6m hpng cua tinh huilng, miii quan, hQ cua tre voi nhtng nguoi c6 li6n quan. .. (Maunder &
Crafter, 2018). Oo vay, a6 *r[c aAy ptran ung tich cuc d6i voi hnnh vi bao luc, tlidu ctit yiiu ld th.ich thuc cac hopt
rl6ng ti6u cuc cua nh6m ddng ding n6i chung vi khuy6n khich 6p rhe dAoh gi5 lai c6c chu6n muc cua nh6m. Vi€c
.a *id, tron"ud y6u t6 ,gt cann i6n a6n .ac m6 hinh hanh vi bao luc cu th6 c6 th6 hiu ich cho
,ap i.,rg
"aI
viQc phit tri6n c6c chucmg trinh can thiQp hiQu qu.i hon.
l.ihu vdy, vicc c6ng nhan HS tir nheni ngucri tham gia quan trgng trong vi0c phet tridn cic chiiin lugc vi c6c giai
phep Je giai quyer ,6n"ae.Uao 1". rong mr-g hqc. cung voi alo ld truong hqc co chi6n luo. c rd rirng voi BLIID. GV
ua ftS *a'V aUrg a"". mtli quan trq qrin am, chia se vir gin gui co thd thtc diy HS c6 phdn ung tich cgc hon khi
"
d6i mat voi be;lgc, ttr aO g|a* tnld, vd chAm dut tinh u?ng BLFID. Cric biQn ph6p kh6c, vi du nhu tlat hQp ttru d
mdt vi tri kin ddo trone ruong hac, cho phep HS tlii lai ehi chn in danh v6 cic v6n d€ hq gap phdi ho6c quan vit
su trs giup (Berkowiz. 2014t. hbac tlao tao GV vd
ua #p
;ima g'rp
"an"ausc
BLHD sd c6 crich thuc.nim bdt vir xt li.olc vu
viQc
chdng
tao
v6
a"q.
deo
,itiir,e
Cv
p6org
'sLl6 "tr6rg'ell[t,-Uoi
(sairanen
20ll ). Ngoei ra, viQc cung cip cho HS cic

Pfeffer.
&
qua
tao
diro
qra
nhtng
GVchrm
hcm
hieu
qud.n
li vd gidi quy€t xung tl-ot. d6 cdc em cri co
de
cdc
ki
ning
cho
HS
trang
bi
khoa hoc gidi quydr xung dQt nhim
girip
olc em n6ng cao nhin thirc v€ BLHE,
bao
lyc.
tinh
hu6ng
khi
co
hQi tl6ng iai, thvc hanh ry can thiQp tich cuc

gita
l4i
c6c b€n li€n quan trong co. ng tl6ng
tdc
co
di
co
vd
sg
hgp
dung
tnuc Aii cric gia trr cua sq quan tAm, khoan
phong
phir nr nguoi lcm vi c6p qui: li
vir
h6
tro
ut
can
thi€p
nhit
sg
tn orrg iqc th-6og qua m6. t th6ng digp tt6ng

-".

ui;ir;;d;?i h* "oict

lfu

(BerkowiE, 2014).

3.K6thqn

.

. .r

.a. ,.

,

cuu qu,3c tilta ciri ra reng cic hinh tlrtc bao luc,th6 ch6t vd bao luc tinh t}Ian tuong A6i ptr6 Uitin
trons cec trudns hoc rai nhi6u quoc gia, 6ng tt6 co ViQt Nam. MOt s6 dic dii:m gioi nhu HS nam c6 khi nang diSi
.i rai HJnt; HS ni dc gap cac tinh huiing b4o luc tinh thal! b4o hrg tqc tuyrin
.i,it ,r,ia,
Crl,c nghi€n

i*
;ter%;;;#,*
hor f$ nam: vd HS LGBT duollE nhu dang dAn trd rhnnh nh6m HS co ti bi BLHD cao hon lir nhtng k6t qua tluo. c
*i[ ngfti6, ".i. ad c{p dtin. DiSm &iLng "t, y tu "ghien ",- niy dd xric tllnh duqc reng crich rhtc trng ph6 cua HS
tlO tich
lC

voi

BLfu

phu thuQc vao gioi ttuh, mric dO gin kiit giira HS

62

vi GV, m6i truong hgc tluorg hnh manh, tir6i


Itr

Tap chi Gieo duc (2022},22(21),59-64

ISSN:2354-0753

cuc vA ro rang cua truong hgc vi c6c b4n tt6ng aing drii voi cac nanh vi
@o lgc. Nhung tl4ng tiiic vi& tim kiem zu
h6 m tu nguoi lon kti tr6 em bi @o lgc hoac cnwr-g ti6n Uao tW chua ptuhi li crich thric mu ol" em ,ru tlictt.
OiSu
nay dat ra nhiiu v6n
,a- khric tu phia drong hqc, gia am ve cac chintr ,*r, g,l" au.. cral cung, hi9n
n? c.i:nqhi€n.Tu vC BLID tt6ng gioi (giira HS nam hay gita c6c HS nt) chua auqc cliri nhi0u. O6y li khoang
),
trong dd cric nghi6n cuu v6 BLIID tiep theo quan tim nghi€n cuu.

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