Báo cáo "Thuỵ Điển với cuộc kháng chiến chống Mỹ cứu nước của nhân dân Việt Nam. " pptx

QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
THUV
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or.ii!
ii ::
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Ndi den nhirng nhan td lam nen thang
Igi
ciia cude
khang chien chdng My
eu'u
nudc,
ngoai sy lanh dao
sang

sudt, tai tinh
cua
Dang
dirng
dau la Chii
tich Hd Chi
Minh, SU'C manh
ciia
khdi dai
doan
ket
toan
dan tdc, tinh doan ket chien dau
ciia nhan
dan ba nude Ddng Duong, v.v , chiing ta
khdng the khdng nhae tdi sy img hd, giiip dd
cua be ban qudc te. Ngoai nhirng nudc xa hdi
chii
nghTa (XHCN) ludn ke vai,
sat
canh vdi
nhan
dan
Viet Nam, thi sy
iing
hd, giiip dd
cua cac nudc phuang
Tay,
dac biet
la sir

img
hd, giup do
ciia
Chinh
phii
va nhan
dan
Thuy
Dien da gdp phan dua cude khang chien
chdng My
eiia
nhan
dan
Viet Nam di den
thang lgi eudi cimg.
The
ehan
Phap nhay
vao xam luge
Viet
Nam, ngay tir dau cude chien, de qude My da
su-
dung nhiing ehien luge chien tranh tan
bao nhat trong lich sir loai ngudi hdng dim
cude dau tranh
eiia
nhan
dan
ta trong be mau.
Tuy nhien, lua

thie
vdng, gian nan thie siec,
trong gian khd, kbd khan, ban
ITnh
va tri tue
Le Vdn Phong
Vien Lich sur qudn
sir
Viet Nam
ciia nhan
dan Viet Nam lai duge khang dinh
ban bao gid bet. Dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang,
dirng
dau la Chii
tich Hd Chi Minh, nhan dan
ta tirng budc
lam
that bai mpi am muu,
thii
doan
tham
dpc
ciia
ke
thii.
Dae biet, vdi
chien luge tranh thu su ung hp. giiip dd cua
be bgn qudc te cho cude khang chien, den
nhii-ng nam 1960
ciia

the ki XX, dudi nhieu
hinh thirc khac nhau, nhan
dan
Viet Nam
dugc nhan
dan
the gidi img hd manh me.
Tai Thuy Dien, nam
1965^,
hang trieu
ngudi tbudc mpi dang phai, tang Idp xa bdi
khae nhau da cd nhiing hanh ddng phan ddi
cude chien tranh xam luge Viet Nam
eiia
de
qudc My, dae biet
la
viec md rdng chien
tranh danh pha mien Bae XHCN
ciia
chinh
quyen Oasinhton. Tir day cho den ket thiie
cude chien, phong trao chdng ehien tranh
Viet Nam,
doan
ket img hd Viet Nam vdi ten
gpi phong trdo Viet Nam tii'ng budc dugc
hinh thanh, phat trien tir ty phat den cd td
' Thuy
Diin

la
nudc
nam
a
Bac Au, co dien tich
449.964 km'; dan
s6
9.059.650 nguai
(2008);
La mot
tron"
s6
cac nuoc c6 muc song cao nhat the gioi.
" Day la nam de quoc My tien hanh chien luoc "Chien
tranh
cue
bo" doi voi chien trudng mien Nam va tien
hanh chien tranh pha hoai lan thu nhat doi vdi mien
Bac.
62
NGHIEN
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CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03
(126).2011
chuc.
tir mdt \ ai dia phuong
iilianh
chdng lan
ra khap dat nudc Thuy Dien.
Khdng ehl ddi theo cude chien tranh phi

nghia ma de qudc My
ga}-
ra ddi
\-di dan
tdc
Met
Nam. Chinh phu Thuy Dien cdn
ba}
td
sir
quan ngai
\e
kha nang md rpng ehien
tranh se lam anh hudng tdi cpng ddng qudc
te.
do va}, nhimg nha lanh dao Thuy Dien
keu gpi giai qu}et chien tranh \'iet Nam
thdng qua dam phan. Ngay 14.2.1966. Bd
trirong Ngoai giao Thuy Dien phat bieu:
"Mdi nguy hiem ngdy cdng rd rdng
Id
hien
nay chien tranh
liet
Nam cd the ma rpng
thdnh mpt cupe xung
dpi
qude te nghiem
trong hon nhieu. Dgc biet
Id

tinh hinh Viet
Nam cd the ehdm ngdi cho mpt cupe bitng nd
the gidi. Do vgy. Chinh phu Thuy Dien da
ung hp
die
ludn qudc te keu goi ddm phdn
"^.
Theo thdi gian. sy ung hd cua Thuy Dien ddi
vdi cude khang chien
ciia
nhan
dan
ta
nga}'
cang
manh me, tir chd keu gpi hai ben My va
Viet Nam eiing
nhan
nhugng. giai quyet
cude chien thdng qua
dam
phan, tir nam
1967
trd di da chuyen sang ung hd \'iet Nam
\
di nhieu hanh ddng tich eye.
Sang nam 1968, sau cude tdng tien cdng
\a
ndi day Tet Mau Than, "phong trdo
chdng chien tranh xdm luge Viet Nam. ddi

rid het qudn dpi ve nudc cua nhdn ddn ddy
len khdp nudc My " da ldi cudn ddng dao
nhan dan the
sidi
hudna img. 0
Thu\-
Dien.
phong trao phan ddi cude chien tranh cua My
tai \'iet Nam da
tac
ddng sau sac tdi moi
boat ddng chinh tri - xa hdi cua nude na}.
Ung hd quyen ty
qu}-et
cua nhan
dan \'iet
Nam.
ngay
18 2/1968. Bd truang Ngoai giao
Thuy Dien khang dinh: " nhdn ddn Viet
Nam phai cd ca hdi quyet dinh cdng viec npi
bp cita minh. Chung ta cimg tdn thdnh muc
tieu dd. Dieu dd
chi
cd the dgt duge neu moi
luc lugng qudn su nudc ngodi ehdm diet can
thiep. Cdn phdi tiip tuc nd
liec
de ehdm
diet

bp mdy chiin tranh. tiep den
Id
ldm bp mdy
dd
riit
khdi Viet Nam vd cudi ciing di cho
nhdn ddn Viet Nam cd ca hpi xdy
dicng
ddt
nude bi tdn phd cua ho"'.
Ngay
21
3'1968.
dai dien Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien tuyen bd:
"Ddi vdi eupe xung
dpi
a Viet
.Nam.
Chinh
phii
di theo quan diem cua da sd cdng chimg
Thuy Dien " . Nhimg tm'en bd tren khdng
chi khang dinh lap trirdng. quan diem
va
thai
dp
ciia
Chinh

phii
Thuy Dien ddi vdi \
an
de
chien tranh
\'iet
Nam. ma cdn
la
hien thirc
boa dudng ldi ddi ngoai
ciia
Thuy Dien.
dugc Chu tich
U}'
ban Ddi ngoai Qudc hdi
Thuy Didn khing dinh
ngay
19 11/1968
la:
"Trong nhicng ndm qua. chinh sdch ddi
ngogi
ciia
Thuy Diin ngdy cdng coi trong
nguyen tde dodn kit vdi cdc ddn tpc vd coi
do la mpt trong nhicng dudng ldi chi dgo.
Van kien ve Thuy Dien ndm
1966.
tr. 10.
Le
Mail

Han
(Chii
bien): Dgi
cuang
Lich sir Viet
Sam.
tap
III.
Nxb Giao Due. HaNoi. 2001.
tr.221.
' \ 'an
kien ve
Thuy;
Dien ndm
196S.
tr.
1
21.
* Tic\en
bo
ciia
Chinh phu
Thuy
Dien tgi
Rik.^ :^
^jy
21.3.1968.
Xem trong: Janet G.Hankin.
Sde^ _
]-

Perception:
A
Case Study of Swedish
Recognit i
Political Science. /Stockholm. 1985).
^Iiiiij ^fjieu od'i eiide Uhdiiii
fhie'ii
63
Chinh sdch dodn ket vdi cdc ddn tpc duoc du
ludn Thuy Dien nhdl tri ung hp
"\
Chinh kien cua Chinh
phii
Thuy Didn
giai doan na}' da tac ddng sau sic tdi cdng
ddng qudc te, dac biet la cac qudc gia Tay
Au, giiip hp nhan thay
cude
chien tranh
chdng My ma nhan dan Viet Nam dang tien
hanh la cude chien dau tieu bieu cho chinh
nghTa chdng phi
ngliTa,
van minh chdng bao
tan. "Ung hp Viet Nam
Id iing
hp nhicng
ngudi chien ddu bao ve nhicng gid tri nhdn
vdn cua lodi ngicdi. hdo ve nhicng
tie

ludng
lien hp cua thdi dgi" . Vi le dd, d nhieu
nudc,
hai tieng Viet Nam - Hd Chi Minh trd
thanh khau hieu tap hgp nhieu tang ldp nhan
dan khac nhau doan ket vdi Viet Nam. Nhieu
nha cam quyen
cac
nudc cd che dp chinh tri -
xa hdi khae vdi nude ta, nhieu lanh tu cae td
chirc qudc gia, qudc te, cac td
cliii'c
tdn giao,
xa hdi, nhieu chinh gidi, nhan sT, tri thirc cd
ten tudi da bang nhirng hinh
thii'c
khae nhau
tham gia
doan
ket vdi Viet Nam. Cd the ndi,
cung vdi nhirng thang lgi ve quan sy, ehinh
tri,
sy ling hd, giiip dd
ciia
nhan dan the gidi
trong do cd Chinh
phii
va
nhan
dan Thuy

Dien da gdp phan lam that bai chien luge
"chien tranh cue bp "
eiia
de qudc My d Viet
Nam.
Ddi vdi chinh
quyen
My. mac
dii
that
bai trong chien
luge
chien tranh
cue
hd.
nhung muc tieu trudc mat va lau dai ddi
\a\
each mang Viet Nam cua Nha irang thi
kbdng he thay ddi. Dau nam 1969,
nga}
khi
thang
eii-,
Tdng thdng Nichxo-n da cho ra ddi
hpc thuyet mang ten minh - Hoc
ihiiyel
Nichxan va tiep tuc day manh cude chien
tranh xam luge Ddng Duong. Vdi hpc thuyet
nay, Nichxan
mim

toan khdi phuc lai
sire
manh
ciia
My, cd giir vai trd ""sen dam qudc
te",
vai trd lanh dao "the gidi ty do"' va cd
bam lay nhirng lgi ich de qudc
chii
nghTa
tren
the gidi.
Trudc chien luge chien tranh
nidi ciia
kc
thil.
Dang
ta
chii
truang tiep tuc lanh dao
toan quan
va
toan
dan
day manh tien cdng
dich tren chien trirdng, ddng thdi tang cudng
boat ddng qudc te, ra sire tranh
thii
su ddng
tinh, img hd

va
giiip dd ngay cang eao cua
cac nudc XHCN, cac chinh phu va nhan dan
yen chudng boa binh tren the gidi. Nghi
quyet Bd Chinh tri Ban Chap hanh Trung
uong
Dang
thang
4.1969
mdt lan nira khang
dinh: "Tien cdng ngogi giao
Id mpi
mat Iran
lien cdng quan trong vd cd y nghia chien
luge
lite ndy. Nd cd nhiem vu phdt huy
ihi;
thdng vd the chu dpng cua ta, lien cdng mot
''
Van kien vi Thuy Dien ndm
1968.
tr.264.
"
Ban Chi dao tong ket chien tranh
true
thuoc Bo
Chinh tri; Tong kit cuoc khdng chien chong My
cini
nuoc- Thdng loi vd bdi hoc. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,
HaNoi.

1995,tr.256-257.
Hoc thuyet Nichxon duoc van dung cu the trong
nhung chien luoc chien tranh
d
tirng nudc. 0 Viet
Nam, dd la chien luoc "Viet Nam hod chien tranh": a
Lao la "Ldo hod chien tranh":
d Campuehia
la
"Khome hod chien tranh" va tren loan
tDong
Duong
la "Dong Duong hod chien tranh ".
64
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03
(126) 2011
ke dich dang
thdi
bgi. bi dpng ve moi mdt vd
phai xudng
ihang "
.
Thyc hien chu trirong nay, phdi hgp vdi
cude dau tranh tren ban dam phan Pari,
Dang, Qudc hdi, Chinh phu Viet Nam ra
sire
tang cudng cac hoat ddng qudc te. Ket qua
la, ke tir nam

1965
den
1970,
Chinh phu Viet
Nam Dan chu cdng hoa da dat hoac nang
quan he ngoai giao len vdi
18
qudc gia. Den
nam
1970.
sd doan dai bieu Mat tran Dan tdc
Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam va Chinh
phii
Cach mang Lam thdi Cdng boa mien
Nam Viet Nam dugc mdi tham
cac
nude tren
the gidi len tdi gan 120 lugt; da cd 10 Uy
ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam, hon
100
Uy ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam d
tirng nudc, ban 20 Uy ban Dieu tra va Td
cao tdi ac cua de qudc My tai Viet Nam dugc
thanh lap. Ciing tir day, "Viet Nam dd trd
ihdnh
hien
ihdn
cua mpt su nghiep qudc te
mdi vd nd tugng tneng cho mpt phong trdo
the gidi rpng lan vd nhieu mat vdi mpt li

tudng trong sdng md hdng trieu, hdng trieu
khdng ke
xiel
nhdn ddn da huong icng vd tap
hgp quanh no" .
Ddi vdi Thuy Dien. khang dinh
sir
img
hd
toan
dien ddi vdi cude khang chien cua
nhan dan Viet Nam, thang 6.1970, Chinh
Bd Qudc phdng. Vien Lich sir quan
sir
Viet Nam:
Lich
sir
khdng chien chong My. cim nuoc
(195-1-
1975).
tcip
ll. Thdng My tren chien trudng ba nuoc
Dong Duong. Nxb Chinh tri qudc
gia.
Ha Noi,
2003,
tr.I96.
Site mgnh chien thdng cua cuoc khdng chien chong
My. cim nudc, Nxb Khoa hoc xa
hdi.

Ha Noi, 1985,
ti 288.
phii
Thuy Dien lap Dai
sii-
quan d
Ha
Ndi.
va
den thang 7 ciing nam, Viet Nam lap Dai sir
quan d Stockholm. Day la dau mdc dac biet
quan trpng trong quan he Viet Nam
-
Thuy
Dien, khang dinh tinh doan ket khdng gi
la}
ehuyen dugc
ciia
Chinh phu \'a nhan dan hai
nude trong nhirng nam khang chien gian
khd. Khdng nhirng vay. trong thdi diem
cude
dam
phan tren ban Hdi nghi Pari dang dien
ra vd ciing gay go, phire tap, Thuy Dien da
len tieng manh me img hd Viet Nam. Thang
2/1972,
Dang
Xa hdi Dan
chii

Thuy Dien da
neu
sang
kien ra Tuyen bd chung
ciia
tat ca
nam Dang tai Qudc hdi, ddi My cham dirt
nem bom va ki Hiep dinh Pari. Ban tu}en bd
thu dugc 3,5 trieu chir ki ung hd cua nhan
dan Thuy Dien
'.
Sau thang lgi tren mat tran dau tranh
ngoai giao, dugc sy giiip dd tich eye cua
phia Thuy Dien, ngay
29/3/1973.
tai thu dd
Stockholm da dien ra Hdi nghi qudc te doan
ket vdi nhan
dan
Viet Nam. ddi My, nguy
quyen Sai Gdn thi hanh nghiem chmh va
triet de Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam. Tiep dd,
ngay
19/1/1974, nhdm Mat
Irctn
Ddn tpc
Gidi phdng
\a
nhdm Triet hoc Tre phdi hpp
vdi nhieu td chirc khac d Thuy Dien da td

chirc mdt
cude
hdi thao
Idn
vdi 500 ngudi
tham dy tai Stockholm nhan mdt nam ki ket
Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam.
Cude
hdi thao
thdng
qua
Nghi quyet len an chinh
quydn Sai
'-
Ngay 27/1/1973, khdng cdn con dudng nao khac,
dl qudc My budc phai ki Hiep dinh Pari ve
chSm diit
chiln tranh, lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam.
Jitiiij ^fjieu
odi eupe
hhdnif
ehien
bS
Gdn vi pham Hiep dinh Pari; ddi phai tra ty
do
nga}
cho 20 \ an
tii
chinh tri dang bi
giam

giir a mien Nam Viet Nam. ddi My phai tdn
trpng mpi dieu khoan cua Hiep dinh Pari,
cham dirt can thiep \-ao
midn
Nam Viet
Nam
Vao nhirng nam cudi
cude
khang chien,
de tranh thu sy ung bd tich
circ
cua Chinh
phu \-a nhan dan
Ihuy
Dien cho Viet Nam,
Thu tudng Pham Van Ddng da dan
dau
doan
dai bieu cap cao Viet Nam sang tham Thuy
Dien. Trong budi chieu dai chao mirng Doan
tai thil dd Stockholm ngay 9/4/1974,
Thii
tudng
Olof
Palme phat bieu: "Thuy Dien ung
hp nhicng de nghi do Chinh
phii
Cdch mgng
Liim ihdi
Cpng hod mien Nam

J lei
Nam viea
duct ra. Nhicng de nghi do lao ra
mpi
ea sa
vimg chdc de thi hdnh cdc
dii'ii
khoan cita
Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet
Nam". Thii
tudng
Olof Palme bay lo Idng kham phuc cua
Chinh
phii
va nhan dan Thuy Dien ddi vdi
nhan dan Viet Nam. "mpt ddn Ipc. bdng long
dimg
cam vd su kien cudng cua minh, dd ddn
dcil
ca
mpi ihe
gidi lien len tren eon diedng
cua luong Idm chinh tri".
Cam
ta tam long
cua Chinh
phii va nhan
dan Thuy Dien danh
cho nhan
dan

Viet Nam,
Thii
tudng Pbam
Van Ddng ndi: " Thay
mgi
nhdn ddn
I
fit
Nam vd the theo ldng mong mudn cao ca md
Chu lich Hd Chi Minh cua chiing Idi dd bdy
lo trong "Di chiic" cua Ngudi. tdi xin cam
an Chinh phu Hodng gia Thuy Dien. cdc td
chiec
chinh
Iri.
Ion gido. qudn chimg vd cd
nhdn
i\'gdi
Thu ludng. Cam an ve Idl ca
nhicng gi md cdc hgn dd ldm
di
ung hd cuoc
khdng chien chdng My. ciru nirdc cua cluing
Idi. cam an Idl ca nhicng gi md cdc hgn clung
tiep tuc ldm de ung hd cuoc ddu tranh
ciici
chimg ldi ddi
ihi
hdnh
Irici

de
Ilicp
dinh
Pari vd xdy dieng lgi
ddi
nudc cluing Idi.
Chimg tdi ddnh gid cao gid Iri vd loan hd y
nghia cua
sic
ung hp quy hdu
net)
Du ludn
Viet Nam hoan nghenh vdi long biet on
inch
quyet dinh cua Thuy
Diisn
nhdm
giuj)
dd \
'iei
Nam hdn gdn lui vet thuong chien Iranh vd
gdp phdn phdt trien nen kinh li cua minh "
"\
Sau chuyen tham nay, phong trao dau
tranh ddi chinh qu}-en My nghiem chmh thi
hanh Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam tiep tuc la
cbii
de ndng bdng trong mpi boat ddng cua
xa hdi Thuy Dien. Ngay
14/12/1974,

tai
Stockholm,
Thii
tudng Olof Palme
\'a
nhirng
ngudi lanh dao Dang Cdng san
\'a
mot sd
dang
canh ta
khae da ra mdt Thdng cdo
chung td
cao
be lit Nguyen Van Thieu
phii
hoai Hiep dinh Pari. Sau khi nhan manh rang
che dp Sai Gdn va nhirng ngudi ung hd hp
phai chiu trach nhiem ve tinh hinh hien nay o-
mien Nam Viet Nam. Thdng cdo chung ddi
My - Thieu nghiem chinh thi hanh Hiep dinh
Pari, lap lai
boa
binh d mien Nam Viet Nam
tren co sd tdn trpng dpc lap
\a
chu
quN'cn
ciia
nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam, va cho

biet Thuy Dien se td chirc
nipt cude
bieu tinh
quan chiing rdng
Idn
vao ngay 27/1/1975.
nhan ki niem hai nam nga}' ki Hiep dinh Pari
Bao Nhdn ddn cac ngay
10.
11.
12
thang 4
nam
1974.

66
NGHIEN
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de ung hd nhan dan Viet Nam. v.v Tinh
cam ma Chinh phu
\a
nhan dan Thuy Dien
danh cho nhan dan Viet Nam la su cd
\ii.
ddng \ien to
Idn
giiip nhan dan Viet Nam
tien len hoan thanh sy nghiep giai phdng

mien Nam. thdng nhat Td qudc.
Nam thang di qua. ngam suy lai su ung
hd. giiip dd cua
Fbuy
Dien ddi vdi cude
khang chien chdng My.
ciiu
nudc eua dan
tdc Viet Nam, Thu tudng Olof
Palnie'^
de lai
cho ehimg ta nhieu tinh cam sau dam.
Olof Palme sinh nam 1937, xuat than
trong
nipt
gia dinh tri thirc ndi tieng. Nam
1949.
sau khi tdt nghiep dai hpc
o
My. dng
trd
\-e
Thuy Dien hpc tiep nganh luat tai
Stockholm va nhanh chdng tro thanh mdt
thii
ITnh khi tham gia cac boat ddng chinh tri
trong Hdi Lien hiep sinh xien Qudc gia Thuy
Dien
(SIV).
Nam 1957. Olof Palme dupc

bau lam dai bieu Qudc hdi Thuy Dien cua
Dang Xa
hdi
Dan chu.
Ke tir khi tro thanh Nghi sT Qudc hdi.
Olof Palme dac biet quan tam den
cude
chien
tranh Viet Nam. Thdng qua cac phuang tien
khac nhau. dng thudng
xu}
en theo ddi \'a cd
nhirng hanh ddng ung hd tich eye. Nam
1965,
khi de qudc My tien hanh chien
luge
"chien tranh
cite
hp " d mien Nam
\-a
md
rdng cude chien tranh danh pha mien Bac
'•"
Olof
PaliTie
tirng lanh dao Dang Dan chu Xa hdi
Thuy Dien tir nam
1969
tdi ngay bi am sat 28/2/1986.
Tirng hai

Ign
lam Thu tudng: lan thir nhat
tii-
1969
den
1976:
\kn thu
hai tir
1982 din
1986.
Vdi nhimg gi lam
duoc,
Olof Palme dugc xem la mot trong nhung
neudi
Thu\
Dien ndi tieng nhat the
ki
XX.
Viet Nam. Olof Palme cimg nhirng
nh;i
lanh
dao Thuy Dien da cd nhieu
cude
ban luan
cdng khai vd vin dd Viet Nam. Thau hieu
noi khd ma nhan dan Viet Nam phai chiu
dyng trong cude chien. phat bieu tai Dgi Hpi
Dang Xd hpi - Thien Chua gido tai
Ga\
Ic

ngay 30/7/1965. Olof Palme ndi: "Tdi khdng
hiit lieu ngudi ndng ddn Irong cdc xdm long
cua Viet Nam. ddt nudc md gdn day Idi ludn
de cap, cd gidc ma ndo ve lucrng lai hay
khdng? Ngudi la cd cam gidc ve su
liiyei
vong. cam chiu. mdng lung vd
thdi
vong
trong cupe ddu tranh gianh quyen luc chinh
tri dang dnh hieong den
cupe
sdng hdng
ngd)'
cua ho. Neu thuc
sic
hg cd mgt gidc
mcr
cho
ticang lai, cd le do se
Id
mpt gidc ma hel siec
don gian: hod binh. khdng ddi khd vd ton
trong nhdn phctm "
^. , \
Vdi tam
chan
tinh do, cho
dii
dang nam

giii-
nhieu chuc vu quan trpng trong Chinh
phii,
nhung Olof Palme ludn cd tu tuong va
hanh ddng manh me
iing
bd cude khang
chien chdng My cua Viet Nam. Ngay
21/2/1968.
tren cuang vi la Bd truong Giao
diic,
dng eiing Dai sir Viet Nam Nguyen Thp
Chan
dan dau
doan bieu tinh
rude
dude qua
cac dudng phd trung
tam
a thu dd Stockholm
de phan ddi chinh quyen My. Bire anh cude
tuin hanh ngay sau do dugc dang tren nhieu
td bao khip thd gidi va chinh
thi.:
dat Olof
'"
Phdt bieu tgi Dgi Hdi Dang .\'d hdi - Thien
LIIUCI
gido tai
Gavie

ngay
30/7/1965.
I dn kien ve Thuy
ijiC^,-,
nam
1965.
tr.49.
'Jhiiij nt)ieu
odi eupe
khaiit^
ehien
67
Palme ciing nhu Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien
vao
th§
ddi diu vdi nha cim quyen My. Dai
sii-
My liic
dd da gap
Thii
tudng va Bd trirdng
Ngoai giao Thuy Dien de phan ddi. Ba
Lisbeth Palme - vg
ciia
Cd
Thii
tudng Olof
Palme ke lai: "Kissinger dd ndi rdng. chdng

loi dd su dung nhicng tic ngic qud mgnh de
chi
trich My Irong chien Iranh Viet Nam. vd
cho rdng ddng le ra chdng tdi khdng nen ldm
nhu
vgy.
Nhicng tdi lgi nghi
Id
nhieng tie ngic
mgnh
nhu vgy
Id
hodn todn cdn thiet. Khdng
CO lie ngic
ndo du mgnh de cd the so sdnh vdi
nhicng
gi md My da ldm trong chien Iranh
VielNctm"^\
Do khang dinh dugc uy tin
ciia
minh
trudc nhan dan
va
chinh gidi Thuy Dien,
thang 10/1968, Olof Palme chinh thuc trd
thanh
Thii
tudng Thuy Dien. Tir day, sy
iing
hd, giup dd Viet Nam duge

Thii
tudng Olof
Palme trien khai manh me hon.
Ngay
10/1/1969, thy-c hien
chii
truang
ciia
Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien, Ngoai trudng Torsten
Nilsson giri dien cho Bp trirdng Ngoai giao
Nguyin Duy Trinh thdng
bao
viec Chinh
phu Thuy Dien chinh thirc cdng nhan
va
de
nghi
thidt
lap quan he ngoai giao, md dai
sii
quan tai
thii
dd bai nudc. Do chenh lech mui
gid 6
tidng,
ngay 11/1/1969, Bd trudng
http;//www.sarec.gov.
vn/index.php?aption=com__cont

ent&task=view&id-97&ltemid=2&lang
Ngoai giao Nguyen Duy Trinh nhan duge de
nghi
ciia
Ngoai trudng Thuy Dien va hai
nude chinh thirc edng nhan ngoai giao lan
nhau. Tir dd,
ngay
11/1,
tro thanh ngay ki
niem
thidt
lap quan he ngoai giao giiia Viet
Nam va Thuy Dien. Ciing tir nam 1969,
Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien chinh thirc vien trg
cho Viet Nam (ODA), gdp phan giam bdt sy
khd khan ve vat chat cho nhan dan Viet
•
Nam.
Sang nam 1972, sau nhirng that bai lien
tiep tren ehien trirdng mien Nam, dac biet, de
ep ta nhan nhugng, ki mdt hiep dinh do My
dua ra tren
ban dam
phan Pari, ehinh quyen
My da md cude tap kieh bang
may
bay chien

luge B52 vao
Ha
Ndi, Hai Phdng trong
12
ngay
dem eudi nam 1972, gay ra mdt trong
nhimg tham
canh
dau ldng nhat trong lich su
loai ngudi. Trudc hanh ddng bao
tan
dd,
ngay 23/12/1972,
Thii
tudng Olof Palme len
an va
so sanh cude nem bom nhu tdi
ac ciia
Hitle
trong Dai ehien the gidi thir Hai. Sau
ban
tuyen bd
ciia
Olof Palme, quan he giira
My
va
Thuy Dien trd nen cang thang hon,
khien My trieu hdi dai sir ve nudc trong
14
thang

va
khdng chap thuan dai sir mdi
ciia
Thuy Dien. Tiep dd, trong hai nam 1973 -
1974,
My tir ehdi khdi phye quan he cap dai
sir vdi Thuy Dien vi chinh sach Viet Nam
ciia
Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien. Day
la
cude
68
NGHIEN
COU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°03 (126).2011
khiing hoang ngoai giao nghiem trpng nhat
ma
Thuy Dien trai qua tir sau Chien tranh the
gidi thir Hai. Nhirng ngugc lai, Olof Palme
nhan dugc
1.200
hire thu tan thanh, cam on
til'
My va dugc du luan the gidi danh gia cao.
Vdi tit thay nhimg gi lam dugc,
Thii
tudng

Olof Palme da thyc hien dugc vai trd lanh
dao
ciia
minh trong van de Viet Nam. Lap
trudng va quan diem
ciia
dng da tac ddng
tich eye, thiic day phong
trao
chdng chien
tranh Viet Nam tai phuang Tay va tdi cac
quan diem
ciia
cac dang xa hdi dan chit tren
the gidi.
Nhu vay, sy
iing
hd, giup dd
ciia
Chinh
phii
va nhan dan Thuy Dien da de lai nhieu
trang dam net trong lich sir cude khang chien
chdng My,
cii'u
nude
ciia
dan tdc Viet Nam.
Chinh tinh chat chinh nghTa
eiia

cude khang
chien da Idi cudn ddng dao mpi tang ldp, giai
cap
trong xa
hdi
Thuy Dien tham gia, dac
biet
la
vai trd
ciia
Chinh
phii
do Olof Palme
lam
Thil tudng. Ciing vdi sy giiip dd, img hd
ciia
nhan dan the gidi, sy img hd, giup dd
ciia
Thuy Dien la mdt trong nhiing nhan td
quan trpng dua cude khang chien chdng My,
ciru nudc cua nhan
dan
Viet Nam di den
thang lgi cudi cimg. Hon bet, nd minh chirng
dudng ldi lanh dao dung dan
ciia Dang
Lao
ddng Viet Nam trong nhiing thdi doan quan
trpng
ciia

lich sir dan tdc. "Dang la dd ra
sice
tdng cudng dodn ket qudc le. phdt huy tdi da
siec mgnh eua thdi dgi, vd coi dd
Id
mpt hp
phdn hgp thdnh cua dudng ldi chdng My.
cieu nude vd dgt hogt dpng ddi ngogi ddu
tranh ngogi giao thdnh
mpi
mat Iran cd ldm
quan trong ehien
luge,
gdp phdn tgo nen
sir
vicgt Irpi
ve the vd
lice
de nhdn ddn la ddnh
thdng ke
thil" .
Theo ddng chay
eiia
thdi gian, hien nay
tren the gidi da
va
dang dien ra nhii'ng bien
ddng chinh tri to
Idn,
khd ludng,

gay
tdn that
chua tirng cd cho
lire
lugng each mang. dem
lai lgi the cho
cac
the lye phan
each
mang.
dat mdi nudc trudc ca hdi va thach thirc mdi.
Trong bdi
canh
dd, bai hpc ve tranh thu
sir
iing
hp, giitp da eita be bgn qudc te,
phdi
huy
sice mgnh thdi dgi trong cude khang chien
chdng My, cuu nudc
ciia
nhan dan ta can
dugc nghien cim va van dung mdt
each
diing
dan,
sang
tao,
phii

hgp vdi tinh hinh the gidi
hien nay, de thyc hien thang lgi ehinh
sach
ddi ngoai rdng md "Viet Nam mudn
Id
hgn
vdi tdt ed cdc medc trong cpng ddng the
gidi", nham phye vy tich
circ
cho cdng
cude
xay dyng
va bao
ve Td qudc theo dudng Idi
ddi mdi cua Dang ta. i
i'ti'i-'
, •'!! irl:yn
;;.• • ••
,
.ij;j;!
u-,i\
:iii • .•• ur-up
"
Ban Chi dao tdng
kit
chien tranh
true
IIUK
c
Bd

Chinh tri: Tdng kit cuoc khdng chien chong
Mc cim
nuac - Thdng loi vd bdi hoc, Nxb CTQG,
M.;
vol
1995,
tr.247-248.