nghiên cứu làm chủ công nghệ và xây dựng mô hình công nghiệp sinh học sản xuất giống và rừng trồng cây nguyên liệu giấy năng suất cao

BO CONG
THLTONG
TONG CONG TY
GIAY
VIET NAM
Vien nghien
ciru
cay nguyen lieu giay
BAO CAO KET QUA DE TAI
CAP BO NAM 2009
De tai:
NGHIEN CUtJ LAM CHU CONG NGHE
VA XAY DUlVG MO HINH CONG NGHIEP SINH HOC
• • •
SAN XUAT GIONG VA
RITNG
TRONG CAY
NGUYEN LIEU GIAY NANG SUAT CAO
Cc
quan chu quan: BO CONG
THlTONG
Co^
quan chu tri: VIEN NC CAY NL GIAY
Chu nhiem de tai: ThS. Pham Thi Kim Thanh
PHII
THO, THANG
12
NAM 2009
-,7/
j
JJQA

Q
BO CONG THl/ONG
TONG CONG TY GIAY VIET NAM
Vien nghien
ciru
cay nguyen lieu giay
BAO CAO KET QUA DE TAI
CAP BO NAM 2009
Be
tai:
NGHIEN
ClTU
LAM CHU CONG NGHE
VA XAY DUNG MO HINH CONG NGHIEP SINH HOC
• • •
SAN XUAT GIONG VA
RITNG
TRONG CAY
NGUYEN LIEU
GIAY
NANG SUAT CAO
Chii nhiem de tai: ThS. Pham Thi Kim Thanh
•
• •
Tham gia thyc hien:
KS.
Vu Thj Lan
KS.
Nguyen Thi Thin
KS.

Trieu Hoang
Son
PHU
THO,
THANG 12 NAM
2009
MUC LUC
Thit tw Noi dung Trang
Danh muc ky hieu va cac chir viet tat ii
Danh muc bang va hinh iii
Tdm tit iv
I. Tdng quan 1
1.1. Xuat
XII
cua de tai 1
1.2.
Tinh cap thiet va muc tieu nghien
ciin cila
de tai 2
1.3. Ddi tugng va ndi dung nghien cuu 3
1.4.
Tdng quan tinh hinh nghien
ciin
trong va ngoai
nude
4
1.4.1. Tinh hinh
ling
dung ky thuat nuoi cay md va giam hom Bach 4
dan trong san xuat lam nghiep.

1.4.2.
Tinh hinh nghien cuu trong
nude
7
1.4.3.
Tinh hinh nghien cuu d
nude
ngoai 8
1.4.4.
Co sdly
thuylt 10
II.
Thuc nghiem 13
2.1.
Phuong phap nghien cuu 13
2.2.
Thiet bi, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu va hoa chat su dung cho 17
nghien
ciin
2.3.
Ket qua thuc nghiem va thao luan
18
2.3.1.
Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng in vitro cua ddng Bach dan 18
nghien
ciin.
2.3.2. Danh gia kha nang ra re in vitro cua ddng Bach dan nghien 20
cuu.
2.3.3.
Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng bang hom

ciia
cac ddng Bach 21
dan nghien cuu.
2.3.4.
LTng
dung cdng nghe nudi cay md va giam hom trong san xuat 24
cay gidng Bach dan.
2.3.5.
Xay dung va cham
sde
vudn vat lieu gidng cac ddng Bach dan 29
2.3.6. Kha nang sinh trudng tai cac md hinh rung trong. 30
2.3.6.1.
Kit
qua sinh trudng cua rung trdng tai Lap Thach - VTnh
Phiic.
30
2.3.6.2.
Kit
qua sinh trudng cua rung trdng tai Tam Thanh -
Phii
Thg. 33
III
Kit
luan va kien nghj 36
Tai lieu tham khao 38
Phan phu luc
DANH MUC KY HIEU VA CAC
CHlT
VIET TAT

ABT,
BAP
Dg
Hvn
lAA
IBA
Iv
MS
TB
TN
TT
WD%
WH%
Che pham ra re cua Trung Qudc (ABT sd 1)
6 - benzyl adenin purin
Dudng kinh gdc
Chieu cao
viit
nggn
Indol
axetic axit
Indol
butyric axit
Chi sd sinh trudng hoac chi sd the tich (Iv
Dg^*Hvn)
Mdi trudng Murashige and Skoog (1962)
Trung binh
Thi nghiem
Thiitu
He sd bien ddng cua dudng kinh gdc

He sd bien ddng
cila
chieu cao
11
DANH MUC BANG VA HINH
Bang
01
Kha nang sinh trudng phat trien chdi Bach dan in vitro
18
ciia
cac ddng nghien
ciin
(sau 4 tuan nudi cay)
Bang 02 Chat lugng chdi Bach dan in vitro cua cac ddng nghien 19
cuu
Bang 03 Kha nang ra re in vitro
cila
chdi Bach dan (sau 2 tuan) 20
Bang 04 Anh hudng cua thdi vu den kha nang ra re
ciia
hom 3 ddng 22
Bach dan (lin 1- thang 3/2009
din
lin
10-
thang 12/2009)
Bang 05 Chat lugng cay hom
cila
3 ddng Bach dan 23
Bang 06 Sinh trudng cua rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 25

tai Lap Thach - VTnh Phiic (5/2009 -
11/2009
Bang 07 Chat lugng rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 27
tai Lap Thach - VTnh Phiic (5/2009 -
11/2009)
Bang 08 Sinh trudng
cila
rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 28
tai Tam Thanh - Phu Thg (6/2009 -
11/2009)
Bang 09 Chat lugng rung trdng cua 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 30
tai Tam Thanh -
Phil
Thg (6/2009 -
11/2009)
Hinh
01 Ty le ra re in vitro cua cac ddng Bach dan 21
Hinh 02 Ty le ra re cua hom cac ddng Bach dan trong cac thang 22
Hinh 03 Sinh trudng Dg cua rimg trdng tai Lap Thach 26
Hinh 04 Sinh trudng Hvn cua rung trdng tai Lap Thach 27
Hinh 05 Sinh trudng Dg
cila
rimg trdng tai Tam Thanh 29
Hinh 06 Sinh trudng Hvn cua rimg trdng tai Tam Thanh 29
111
r
Tom
tat
Di nhdn nhanh nhirng giong Bach dan uv viet cho sdn xuat, gdp phdn ndng cao
ndng sudt rung, ndm 2009 Bd Cdng Thuong dd giao cho Vien nghien ciru cay

nguyen lieu gidy (FRC) nghien ciru di tdi "Nghien ciru lam
chii
cong nghe vd
xdy dung mo hinh cong nghiep sinh
hgc
sdn xuat gidng va rwng trong cay
nguyen lieu giay ndng suat cao". Ndm 2007 - 2008 de tdi dd hoan thdnh cdc
ndi dung sau: Dd xdc dinh vd
lira
chgn 4 ddng Bgch ddn uu trdi, ndng sudt cao
da dugc cdng nhdn gidng (giai dogn 2000 - 2006); Nghien ciru nudi cay md vd
gidm hom cdc ddng vd tinh Bgch dan da dugc cdng nhdn gidng:
PN3d;
PN116;
PN54;PN46. Ndm 2009, sau 12 thdng thuc hien vdi su cdng tdc
ciia
Phdng
nghien ciru nudi cay md, Phdng Lam sinh - xd hdi- mdi trudng, de tdi da hoan
thdnh nhirng ndi dung nghiin ciru dgt ra trong ndm 2009 cu the nhu sau: Dd
ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn gidng in vitro cua 04 ddng Bgch dan nghien ciru vi
khd ndng nhdn nhanh vd sinh trudng cua chdi in vitro, khd ndng ra ri cua chdi
in vitro; Ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn gidng bdng hom cua 03 ddng Bgch dan
nghien cuu; Xdy dung vudn vat lieu gidng Bgch ddn vd 02 ha md hinh rimg
trdng Bgch ddn; Ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md
—
gidm hom Bgch dan theo
hudng cdng nghiep: tgo ra
20.000
cdy gidng.
IV

Phan
I
TONG QUAN
1.1. Xuat xu cua de tai.
Bach dan la loai cay cd kha nang sinh trudng nhanh, cd bien do sinh
thai rdng, de gay trdng tren nhieu dang lap dia, nang suat cao, chu ky kinh
doanh ngan, cd kha nang chiu gid bao tdt. Dac biet ddi vdi Bach dan
Urophylla, la cay cd dang than thang, thon dep, tia canh tu nhien tdt nen thu
hiit
nhieu ngudi su dung. Hien nay Bach dan cd dien tich trdng rimg kha
Idn
d
nude ta, la cay quan trgng de san xuat bdt giay.
Tir
nam 1979 Trung tam nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh
(nay la Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay) da bat dau cac khao nghiem
chgn gidng bach dan de phuc vu cho viec trdng rung tham canh cay nguyen
lieu giay. Cac ket qua nghien
ciin
cua Trung tam da xac dinh dugc xuat xu
bach dan E.urophylla tu Lewotobi va Egon ludn dung dau ve sinh trudng d tat
ca cac khao nghiem. Do dd loai va xuat xu nay da dugc nhap hat gidng va gay
trdng rung md rdng d vung trung tam Bac Bd. Tir dien tich
riing
trdng dd
Trung tam Phu Ninh da chgn tuyen dugc hang tram cay trdi dua vao khao
nghiem tuyen chgn cac ddng uu trdi cho san xuat. Nhieu thi nghiem ddng vd
tinh cho loai bach dan E.urophylla dugc thiet lap tu nam
1997
den nam 2000.

Kit
qua
din
nam 2006 cac ddng PN2 ;
PN14;
PN3d; PN46; PN47;
PNl
16
da dugc bd Ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan la gidng dua ra
trdng rimg cdng nghiep d viing Trung tam va cac viing cd dieu kien sinh thai
tuong tu. Nhiing ddng Bach dan dugc cdng nhan gidng PNl 16; PN3d; PN46
cd nang suat cao, song hien nay chua cd nghien cuu cu the ve ky thuat nhan
gidng va lam ehu cdng nghe san xuat gidng cho timg ddng.
DI
gdp phan nang cao nang suat rung nguyen lieu giay, nam 2008 Bd
Cdng Thuong giao cho Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay (FRC) nghien
Clin de tai "Nghien ciiu lam
chii
cong nghe vd xdy dwng mo hinh cong
nghiep sinh
hpc
sdn xuat gidng va rwng trong cdy nguyen lieu gidy ndng
sudt
cao".
DO
ban che ve kinh phi, Hdi ddng khoa hgc
ciia
Vien va Vu khoa
hgc cdng nghe cua Bd nhit tri gidi ban dk tai tap trung nghien cuu vao mot
loai Bach dan E.urophylla vdi cac ddng PN3d, PN46, PN54,

PNl
16 va ke
hoach dl tai thuc hien trong 3 nam (2007 - 2009).
1.2.
Tinh
cap thiet va muc tieu nghien cuu ciia de
tai.
1.2.1.
Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai.
Ddng thdi vdi viec chgn cay trdi la viec nghien
ciin
ung dung ky thuat
nhan gidng vd tinh bang giam hom va nudi cay md, tao kha nang dua nhanh
mot sd ddng bach dan cao san (PN2;
PNl4)
vao thi nghiem va san xuat. Hang
ngan ha rung md-hom vdi cac ddng
PNl4;
PN2 dugc trdng d tinh Phu Thg,
Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, VTnh Phiic, Bac Giang, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen,
Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Ha TTnh,
Phii
Yen Tuy nhien do sd ddng vd tinh
bach dan dua trdng cdn it, nen d mot vai noi da cd dau hieu nguy co sau benh
hai.
Viec nghien
ciin
ky thuat nhan gidng va lam chu cdng nghe san xuat
gidng nhimg ddng mdi can dugc tien hanh de cung cap cay gidng cho san
xuat, phuc vu cac chuong trinh trdng rung cho loai Bach dan. Vi vay de tai

"Nghien ciru lam chu cdng nghi vd xdy dung md hinh cdng nghiep sinh hgc
sdn xuat gidng vd rimg trdng cdy nguyen lieu gidy ndng sudt cao " dugc thuc
hien.
1.2.2. Muc tieu nghien cuu ciia de tai.
* Muc tieu tdng quat:
+ Lam chu cdng nghe nhan gidng md-hom va ung dung nhan giong
mot sd ddng vd tinh Bach dan uu trdi, nang suat cao da dugc cdng nhan gidng
(giai doan 2000 - 2006): PNl 16; PN3d; PN54; PN46.
+ San xuat cay gidng vd tinh Bach dan.
* Muc tieu cu the ndm 2009:
+ Xac dinh kha nang nhan gidng bang ky thuat nudi cay md va giam
hom
cila
cac ddng Bach dan nghien
ciin.
2
+ Xay dung md binh rimg trdng Bach dan.
1.3. Doi
tugng/pham
vi va noi dung nghien cuu.
1.3.1. Doi tuong nghien cuu: Cac ddng vd tinh Bach dan urophylla da
dugc cdng nhan gidng cip qudc gia: PN46; PN54; PNl
16;
PN3d (giai doan
2000 - 2006) dugc dan gidng tu rung trdng thi nghiem cua Vien nghien cuu
cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh -
Phii
Thg.
+ PN3d: La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn
cdng nhan gidng Qudc gia nam

2003.
+ PNl
16
: La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn
cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2006.
-I-
PN54:
La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn
cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2005.
+ PN46 : La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn
cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2004.
1.3.2. Noi dung nghien cuu.
1.
San xuat giong (san xuat thu ddng cd kha nang nhan nhanh): 20.000 cay
md Bach dan.
* Nudi cay md : he sd nhan gidng > 3 lan ; ty le ra re > 85%.
*
Hom giam cd ty le ra re tir 70 - 80%, cay hom khoe manh, sinh
trudng tdt dat ty le xuat vudn > 85%.
- Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng in vitro
ciia
ddng Bach dan nghien cuu.
+ Kha nang nhan nhanh va sinh trudng cua chdi in vitro.
+ Kha nang ra re cua chdi in vitro.
- Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng bang hom cua ddng Bach dan nghien cuu:
+ Kha nang ra re
ciia
hom giam.
+ Ty le xuat vudn va chat lugng cay con.
2.

Xay dung vudn vat lieu gidng Bach dan.
3.
Xay dung 2 ha md hinh rung trdng Bach dan.
1.4.
Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciru trong va ngoai
nude,
co sd ly
thuyet.
1.4.1. Tinh hinh ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md va giam hom Bach
dan trong san xuat lam nghiep.
Hien nay nhieu nude phat trien da thuc hien kinh doanh rung nguyen
lieu theo phuong thuc dau tu tham canh cao. De cd cay gidng chat lugng tdt
phuc vu trdng riing, cac
nude
tap trung vao viec san suat cay con theo phuong
phap nhan gidng md - hom, cdng nghe nay dugc nhieu noi tren the gidi ap
dung de nhan nhanh nhung ca the chgn
Igc
tao ra cay con chat lugng cao dap
ling dugc nhu cau trdng rung d qui md
Idn.
Nhimg rimg trdng bang cay con
tir
md-hom da dat dugc do ddng deu rat cao, duy tri dugc nhirng dac tinh uu
trdi
cila
cay me (sinh trudng nhanh, nang suat va chat lugng cao).
Song song vdi viec chgn
Igc
nhimg ddng va xuat xu tdt, viec nhan

gidng nhiing ddng dugc chgn tuyen va lam chu cdng nghe nhan gidng nhiing
ddng dd la van de quan trgng, do vay cac nude nhu Cdng hoa Nam Phi,
Brazin, Trung Qudc da nghien cuu va xay dung nhiing vudn uom san suat
hang chuc trieu cay md-hom/nam va toan bd cdng viec nay dugc thuc hien
tren mot day chuyen cdng nghiep. Trung Qudc la nude ung dung sdm va
thanh cdng nudi cay md vao trdng rimg dien rdng, cay dugc nhan gidng thanh
cdng chinh la E. urophylla. Den nam
1991
d vung Nam Trung Qudc, ngudi ta
da tao ra tren
1
trieu cay md cua cac cay va ddng lai dugc chgn
Igc
[5].
Sd cac loai bach dan da dugc nhan gidng bang phuong phap nudi cay
md ngay mot tang, tdi nam
1987
da cd tren 20 loai Bach dan khac nhau tao
dugc cay con in vitro (Gupta va Mascarenhas, 1987). Cac nha khoa hgc An
Do da tao thanh cdng cay md tir cac cay trdi bach dan E.camandulensis,
E.globulus, E. tereticornis, E. torelliana va ca tu cac cay trdi cd ham lugng
tinh dau cao
cila
bach dan chanh E. citriodora. Cay md cd ngudn gdc tir cay
uu viet sinh trudng nhanh gap 3 lan va ddng dlu hon la cay mgc tu hat cua
cung cay me. Tai Uc, nhan gidng bang nudi ciy in vitro da dugc ap dung dk
nhan nhanh cac cay dugc chgn cho tinh chiu man trong dat va dang dugc dua
vao san xuat
Ion
cho loai E. camaldulensis [5].

Vao dau nam 1950, Bach dan (Eucalyptus) van dugc coi la loai cay
khdng the nhan gidng bang hom, nhung vao nam
1961
Giordano da giam hom
thanh cdng bach dan
E.camaldulensis
mot nam tudi vdi ty le ra re dat tren
60%.
Nam
1963,
nha nghien cuu ngudi Phap la Franclet da dua ra mot danh
muc bao gdm 58 loai bach dan da dugc thu nghiem giam hom va dat dugc
thanh cdng d tung muc do khac nhau. Dau nhiing nam 1970, cac nha khoa
hgc Phap da di sau nghien
ciin
tim ra quy trinh cdng nghe san xuat cay hom
Bach dan cd nang suat cao tai Trung tam ky thuat lam nghiep nhiet ddi
(CTFT) Cdng gd. Cdng nghe nay da dugc mau chdng ap dung vao san xuat
lam nghiep d Cdng gd, dac biet la viec san xuat hang loat cac ddng vd tinh uu
viet cd ngudn gdc tir cay lai tu nhien hoac cay lai nhan tao. Trong sudt 10
nam, tu nam 1978 den nam 1987, Cdng gd da trdng dugc 25.000 ha rung
trdng bach dan bang cac ddng vd tinh cao san. Cac ddng vd tinh ndi tieng bat
ngudn tu cac cay lai khac loai
E.alba
x E.urophylla va
E.tereticornis
x E.
saligna, trong dd cd hai ddng vd tinh ndi tieng nhat va dugc trdng rdng rai
nhat la: E.
PFl

va E.
12BL
x E. saligna. Tdi nam 1987, mot sd rung trdng cay
hom Bach dan cao san da dugc khai thac lay gd xuat khau sang chau Au va
rung trdng bang cay hom nay da chiing td dugc sue sinh trudng ndi bat va
hua hen tuong lai day trien vgng [6].
Theo cdng bao
ciia
Griffin va Revelli (1993), trong nam 1991, 25 cdng
ty chinh cua Brazin da san xuat 270 trieu cay gidng phuc vu trdng rung, cd
175 trieu cay Bach dan, chiem 65% tdng sd cay gidng, trong dd cd tdi 50 trieu
cay hom Bach dan. Neu trdng vdi cu ly 3m x 3m, hang nam Brazin se cd
them 45.000 ha rung trdng cay hom Bach dan cao san, vdi nang suat du kien
tdi thilu dat 50- 70 m3/ha/nam [6].
Sa do
: Nhdn
giong mo - hom vd rimg trong dong vo tinh.
I
Cat cay can
nhan giong
tao choi goc
Choi non
1.1
Ken goc cay
can nhan
giong tao choi
g6c
Choi non
Hom giam
trong long

Mau cay vo
trung
i
Tai sinh
choi in vitro
Vudn vat
lieu giong
Rung trong
dong vo
tinh
Nhan choi
va phat
trien choi
II
Cac bude I va
II
Cac
bude tir
2.1
Cac bude tir 1.1
Cac
bude
1.3
va
Cac bude
1.4
va
Ghi
chii:
: Xu ly tao vat lieu ban dau cho nhan gidng md - hom.

din
2.4: Giai doan nhan gidng bang nudi cay md tao cay con in
vitro,
din
1.2:
Giai doan nhan gidng bang giam bom tao cay hom.
2.5:
Giai doan luu giii va su dung ngudn vat lieu gidng da dugc tre hoa.
2.6:
Su dung cay gidng md - hom vao trdng
rung,
cac
buac
de tai da thuc hien.
-6-
1.4.2. Tinh hinh nghien
ciiu
trong nude.
0 Viet Nam, sau khi mot sd gidng Bach dan cd nang suat cao dugc
nhap (U6,
U16),
cac ddng vd tinh Bach dan (PN2,
PNl4)
va Keo lai cd
nang suat cao ra ddi, nudi cay md va giam hom da trd thanh mot phong trao
nhan gidng dugc ap dung rdng rai trong san xuat lam nghiep. Nhirng co sd
hien dang nhan gidng bang nudi cay md va giam bom d quy md
Idn
trong
lam nghiep nude ta la Vien nghien

ciin
cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh,
Trung tam khoa hgc san xuat lam nghiep Quang Ninh, Xi nghiep gidng
thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Trudng Dai hgc Lam nghiep [2].
Trong khi nang suat rimg tu nhien
cila
ta chi dat 2 - 6
m^/ha/nam,
nang suat rung trdng quang canh dugc trdng bang cay hat ciing chi dat 5 - 7
mVha/nam, thi nang suat rung trdng
ciia
mot sd gidng Bach dan mdi chgn
tao hoac mdi nhap dugc trdng bang cay md va cay hom cd the dat
15
- 20
mVha/nam [2].
Nhan gidng bang nudi cay md te bao hay vi nhan gidng la ten ggi
chung cho cac phuong phap nudi cay in vitro cho cac bd phan nhd dugc
tach khdi cay (George,
1993)
dang dugc diing phd bien de nhan gidng thuc
vat, trong dd cd cay lam nghiep. Cac bd phan dugc diing de nudi cay cd the
la chdi dinh, chdi ben, chdi bat dinh, bao phan, phan hoa, phdi va cac bd
phan khac nhu vd cay, la non, than mam [7], [8].
Cung vdi nhung ket qua ve cai thien gidng, Vien nghien cuu cay
nguyen lieu gidy va Trung tam nghien cuu gidng cay rung da nghien
ciin
thanh cdng ky thuat nudi cay md va giam hom cho mot sd ddng Bach dan
va mot sd gidng cay rung khac [4].
Nghien cuu nudi cay md cho gidng lai giiia Bach dan lieu va Bach

dan
trSng
da dugc Nguyen Nggc Tan va cdng su (1997) thuc hien thanh
cdng tu nam 1993 va dung BAP bd sung vao mdi trudng co ban MS. Mdi
trudng MS bd sung IBA cd
thi
dat ty le ra re 80% [1]. Nghien cuu nudi cay
md cho gidng Bach dan lai
U29C3
do Doan Thi Mai va cdng su (2000) tien
hanh va da thu dugc cay md tu td hgp lai nay de khao nghiem. Ket qua cho
thay mdi trudng MS bd sung 0,5
mg/1
BAP cho sd chdi trung binh trong
mdi cum cao nhat. Mdi trudng ra re thich hgp la mdi trudng MS bd sung
1,0 mg/1 IBA, cho ty le ra
rl
tdi 83,8% [1].
Duong Mgng Hung
(1993)
nghien cuu nhan gidng bang nudi cay md
cho hai loai bach dan Eucalyptus camaldulensis va Eucalyptus urophylla tu
cay trdi ciia 2 loai. Ket qua da tao dugc mot sd cay md bach dan, tuy nhien
ty le mau nhiem nam benh khi dua mau vao mdi trudng vd tning cdn cao,
he sd nhan chdi thap (1-2 lan) [3].
O nude ta, ky thuat nudi cay md, te bao cho cay than gd d thdi ky
nghien cuu va ung dung vao san xuat quy md
Idn
chii yeu cho mot sd loai
Bach dan (U6,

PNl
4,
PN2), den nay cac cdng trinh do cdng bd ung dung
vao san xuat quy md
Idn
chua nhieu.
1.4.3. Tinh hinh nghien
ciru
d"
nude
ngoai.
Nhd ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md vao nhan gidng, ngudi ta da tao
ra hang loat cay con ddng nhat ve kieu gen vdi sd lugng
Idn
ma cac phuong
phap nhan gidng vd tinh thdng thudng khac khdng the cd dugc. Nudi cay
md cd uu the hon cac phuong phap nhan gidng vd tinh khac la cd ty le
nhan gidng cao, tdi hang trieu cay mdi nam. Ngoai ra cd the ap dung nhieu
bien phap xir ly len nudi cay in vitro hon la cac phuong phap khac. Cay
gidng tao ra bang phuong phap nudi cay in vitro
vira
khoe, tre sinh ly va cd
the sach virus ngay ca khi mau lay tir dinh sinh trudng
cila
nhiing cay da
nhiem virus
[12], [14].
Viec chgn vat lieu ban dau cho vi nhan gidng la rat quan trgng,
khdng nhiing quyet dinh su thanh cdng ban dau ma ca qua trinh nhan tiep
theo.

Cac cdng trinh cua D'Amato
(1977)
cho thay chi cd dinh sinh trudng
eua chdi mdi dam bao ve su dn dinh di truyen. Tiep den la dinh md phan
sinh vdi kich thude nhd, ket hgp vdi xu ly nhiet de lam sach benh la vat
lieu tdt de nhan. Cac chdi nhan ban dau thudng dugc lay tu dinh chdi hoac
8
dinh md phan sinh tren mdi trudng thach chua cac mudi khoang, dudng,
vitamin va cac chat dieu hoa sinh trudng. Vi nhan gidng dugc bat dau bau
bang tach dinh chdi hoac md phan sinh tir cac cay dinh nhan, sau dd khu
trung va dua vao nudi cay d mdi trudng
phii
hgp. Cac chdi dugc hinh thanh
va dugc tach ra cay ehuyen sang mdi trudng mdi, quy trinh
cii
the dugc lap
lai.
Day la phuong phap cho be sd nhan thap hon phuong phap nhan qua
giai doan md seo hoac phdi, nhung cac chdi dugc hinh thanh giir dugc dac
diem eua cay me, it hoac khdng bi thay ddi ve mat di truyen. Trong mot sd
trudng hgp, vi nhan gidng cd the thuc hien thdng qua viec tao phdi hoac tai
sinh cay
true
tiep tir md seo. Phuong phap nay cho be sd nhan cao hon
nhung thudng keo theo
sir
bien di soma
[16].
Joseli Schwambach, Cristina Fadanelli and Athur G. Fett-Neto
(2005),

md ta phan ung phat sinh re in vitro
cila
Eucalyptus globulus Labill
ddi vdi Ca, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu d cac ndng do khac nhau. Phan tich
nhirng sd lieu ve pham tram binh thanh re, sd re, chieu dai re va thdi gian ra
re.
Sd re va chieu dai re bi anh hudng dang ke bdi dinh duong khoang,
trong khi thdi gian ra re va phan tram hinh thanh re cd ve cd quan he mat
thiet vdi hieu luc
cila
auxin. Sd re bi anh hudng bdi ngudn Ca, N va Zn,
trong khi chieu dai re lai bi anh hudng bdi ndng do cua P, Fe, Mn va bdi
ngudn N. Du tren nhimg ket qua co ban dd, hg danh gia cac td hgp khac
nhau ciia cac chat khoang d vai ba ndng do ddi vdi mdi gian doan hinh
thanh re khac nhau
[15].
Sophie Nourissier and Olivier Monteuuis (2007) thuc hien mot loat
cac thi nghiem nudi cay tao re in vitro hai ddng Bach dan lai vd tinh: 147
va 149 {E. urophylla
XE.
grandis) tren mdi trudng MS cai tien. Vdi ty le ra
re la
81%)
ciia ddng 147, hg da khang dinh hieu qua dang ke
cila
5
pM
IBA
va
12.5 pM

NAA ddi vdi kha nang ra re cua Bach dan lai
[18].
Santos C. D. dos, Wendling I. va cac cdng su (2004) nghien cuu nudi
cay E. urophylla bang viec thu nghiem bd sung cac chat dieu hda sinh
trudng vao mdi trudng MS/2. Cac ket qua tdt nhat cho thay sd chdi va
chieu cao chdi thu dugc tren mdi trudng bd sung ty le thich hgp giira auxin
va cytokinin 1.2 mg/1
lAA
+ 0.08 mg/1 BAP va 0.1 mg/1 IBA + 0.1 mg/1
BAP [17].
Cac ket qua Zhang Yuanhua, Zhou Fu Wu Bing (2008) nudi cay
E.camaldulensis cho thay: E. camaldulensis nudi cay trong mdi trudng MS
bd sung 0.3 mg/1 BAP + 0.2 mg/1 NAA cho tdc do tang trudng len den 4.0
l4n,
tao re tot nhat trong mdi trudng 1/2 MS +
IB
A 0,5 mg/1 + ABT 0,2
mg/1,
hau bet ty le ra re cd the dat khoang 85%
[19].
1.4.4.
Co so-ly
thuyet.
Nhiing loai cay rimg sau khi da dugc chgn
Igc,
khao nghiem thi viec
lira
chgn phuong phap nhan gidng cd y nghTa rat quan trgng trong viec duy
r
I

tri
nhirng dac tinh tdt
cila
nd. Hai trong nhiing phuong phap nhan gidng
duy tri dugc nguyen ven nhiing tinh trang tdt tu ddi trudc cho ddi sau la
phuong phap nhan gidng bang nudi cay md va giam bom. Hai phuong phap
nhan gidng vd tinh tren cd y nghTa
Idn
trong viec khac phuc nhan td thdi
gian trong san xuat lam nghiep va tao ra cac cay gidng cho trdng rung ddng
vd tinh vdi nhieu uu viet: nang suat va do ddng deu
cila
san pham [7; 8;
11].
Viec nhan gidng cay rung bang phuong phap nudi cay md te bao va
giam hom de cung cap cay gidng tdt phuc vu trdng
rimg
dai tra dang la mot
hudng di dugc nhieu nude quan tam nghien cuu. Phuong phap chiet va
ghep cd nhugc diem bj ban che ve sd lugng nen khdng dap
ling
dugc cho
yeu cau san xuat
Idn
theo quy md cdng nghiep.
Vdi loai cay nguyen lieu giay ndi chung va tung ddng Bach dan ndi
rieng, mdi ddng hoac mot nhdm cac ddng cd the thich hgp vdi nhimg bien
phap nhan gidng khac nhau. De dua dugc mot ddng ra san xuat
Idn
theo

quy md cdng nghiep can mot bien phap ky thuat thich hgp cho nd. Viec nay
phai trai qua mot qua trinh
thii
nghiem cac bien phap de dieu chinh thay ddi
10
ky thuat cho phu hgp vdi ddng. De lam chu cdng nghe san xuat gidng bang
phuong phap md-hom, can phai lam chu mot sd van de sau:
+ Ddi vdi nudi cay md:
Nudi cay md thuc vat dugc quan tam nhieu trong nhiing nam gan
day vi mot trong nhiing ung dung chinh cua nudi cay md la nhan nhanh cac
ddng vd tinh da dugc tuyen chgn. Nhan gidng bang nudi cay md cd nhieu
uu diem nhu: cd be sd nhan
Idn;
khdng gian can cho nudi cay md nhd; la
bien phap tdt de tre hoa vat lieu nhan gidng Trong nhan gidng bang nudi
cay md, mac du tung loai, tung ddng cd ddi bdi gan gidng nhau ddi vdi mdi
trudng va dieu kien nudi cay nhung do mdi dac diem rieng
cila
mdi ddng
ma van cd the yeu cau nhiing xii ly, dieu chinh ca biet khac nhau ddi vdi
timg giai doan.
Dua mau vao mdi trudng vd tning: khu tning md nudi cay. Day la
ft
r
giai doan tdi quan trgng quyet dinh toan bd qua trinh nhan gidng in vitro.
Muc dich cua giai doan nay la phai tao ra dugc nguyen lieu vd trung de dua
vao nudi cay in vitro. Vd tning md cay la mot thao tac khd, it khi thanh
cdng ngay lan dau tien. Tuy vay, neu kien tri tim dugc ndng do va thdi gian
vd tning thich hgp thi sau vai lan thu chac chan se dat ket qua.
Lira

chgn mdi trudng nudi cay thich hgp trong nudi cay md la rat can
thiet. Vi mdi loai, ca the cay trdng khac nhau deu yeu cau mot ham lugng
dinh dudng khac nhau. Viec
lira
chgn mdi trudng dua vao cac tai lieu
nghien
ciin
cho ciing ddi tugng nudi cay hoac tham dd qua mot sd mdi
trudng dl xac dinh mdi trudng thich hgp cho mau nudi cay.
Sir dung chit dieu hoa sinh trudng trong mdi trudng nudi cay de tai
sinh mot each dinh hudng cac md nudi cay. Qua trinh nay dugc dieu khien
chil
ylu dua vao ty le
cila
cac hgp chat auxin, cytokynin ngoai sinh dua vao
mdi trudng nudi cay. Viec su dung chat dieu hoa sinh trudng dugc coi la
giai doan then chdt cua qua trinh. De tang he sd nhan, ta thudng dua them
vao mdi trudng dinh duong nhan tao cac chat dieu boa sinh trudng (Auxin,
11
Cytokynin, Gibberellin, ), cac chat bd sung khac nhu nude dua,
djch
chiet
nam men, ket hgp vdi cac yeu td nhiet do, anh sang thich hgp [8].
Khi dat dugc kich thude nhat dinh, cac chdi dugc chuyen tu mdi
trudng d giai doan nhan chdi sang mdi trudng tao re. Thudng 2-3 tuan, tu
nhirng chdi rieng le nay se xuat hien re va trd thanh cay hoan chinh. O giai
doan nay ngudi ta thudng bd sung vao mdi trudng nudi cay cac auxin la
nhdm bormon thuc vat quan trgng cd chiic nang tao re phu tir md nudi cay.
+ Ddi vdi giam bom:
Nhan gidng sinh dudng bang hom la bien phap dang dugc phat trien

rat nhanh va ap dung rdng rai vao san xuat lam nghiep. Trdng rimg ddng vd
tinh la hudng di nhieu trien vgng, trong dd giam hom la mot trong nhirng
yeu td cd y nghTa quyet dinh. Ddi vdi nhan gidng bang hom,cd vd sd nhan
td tac dgng tdi ty le ra re
cila
hom, vi qua trinh hinh thanh re d hom phu
thude vao dieu kien ndi sinh eua cay me va vao dieu kien mdi trudng, trong
dd mot sd cdc nhan td cd anh hudng
Idn
la:: dac diem cua cay ea the; trang
thai sinh ly ciia hom, kich thude cua hom dugc dung trong giam hom; xu ly
chat kich thich ra re (loai
thude,
ndng do,
each
xu ly), thdi vu giam hom
Mudn giam hom cd ty le ra re cao phai biet tien hanh d thdi vu thich hgp,
sir
dung chat kich thich ra re va ky thuat giam hom hgp ly. Do vay giam
hom de san xuat hang loat vat lieu gidng da dugc cai thien la mot bien phap
ky thuat tdng hgp bao gdm nhieu khau [5; 9].
12
Phan
H
THLTC
NGHIEM
.;;
2.1.
Phirong
phap tien hanh nghien

ciru.
2.1.1.
Doi
tirgng
nghien cuu: mot sd ddng vd tinh Bach dan uu trdi,
nang suat cao da dugc cdng nhan gidng (giai doan 2000 - 2006):
PNl
16;
PN3d; PN54; PN46.
2.1.2.
Cham
sde vud'n
vat lieu: Theo quy trinh ky thuat nam 2002
ciia Vien NC cay nguyen lieu giay. Hang ngay tudi nude de dam bao
dii
do
am cho cay, thudng xuyen bdn phan, vun xdi, lam cd vudn cap hom.
Ddn cay tao chdi: dugc thuc hien dinh ky, bang each dung keo cat
ngang than
each
mat dat 20-30 cm. Thu chdi de giam hom sau 25 ngay.
2.1.3.
Nuoi cay mo:
Su dung phuong phap nudi cay tao chdi true tiep
tir
mau vat nudi cay
(doan chdi non), dugc bat dau bang tach dinh chdi hoac chdi nach tir cac
cay djnh nhan, sau dd khu trimg va dua vao nudi cay d mdi trudng phu
hgp.
Cac chdi dugc hinh thanh va dugc tach ra cay chuyen sang mdi trudng

mdi,
quy trinh cu the dugc lap lai.
- Mdi trudng nudi cay: Mdi trudng Murashige - Skoog (MS)
(1962)
cd bd sung
5-6g/l
agar, 30
g/1
dudng va pH 5.8 dugc diing lam mdi trudng
nudi cay co ban cho cac thi nghiem (TN) nudi cay in vitro. Khi khao sat
hieu qua ciia mdi trudng nudi cay, ndng do mot sd thanh phan dugc thay
ddi thanh cac nghiem thuc
cila
thi nghiem. De tao chdi cay thuan thuc cd
kha nang ra re tdt, cac cum chdi tu mdi trudng nhan nhanh dugc chuyen
sang mdi trudng phat trien chdi trudc khi dua vao mdi trudng ra re.
- Dieu kien nudi cay: Binh tam giac 500 ml dugc diing lam binh nudi
trong tat ca cac
thi
nghiem. Cac thi nghiem dugc duy tri trong dieu kien
nhan tao vdi:
j;.
i
+ Sd gid chieu sang:
10
h/ ngay.
13
+ Cudng do anh sang:
1500
- 3000 lux.

+ Nhiet do: 25 - 29
°C.
Cac thi nghiem dugc bd
tri
hoan toan ngau nhien theo phuong phap
thue nghiem so sanh (tien hanh thi nghiem theo cac
Id
thi nghiem, so sanh
ket qua va ket luan) vdi 3 lan nhac lai, dugc quan sat theo djnh ky. Thuc
hien theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem (TN):
Thi nghiem 1: Thu nghiem nudi cay nhan nhanh.
Vat lieu thi nghiem: chdi non cua 3 ddng vd tinh Bach dan da dugc
f
r
f
cdng nhan gidng cap qudc gia (PN3d, PNl 16, PN54, PN46).
Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh vdi mdi trudng MS cai tien dua tren nen
mdi trudng nudi cay MS (dugc ky hieu la
MSI).
Thanh phan mdi trudng:
Phu luc. Thi nghiem gdm cd 3 cdng thuc, mdi cdng thiic cd 3 lan lap lai,
cay 5 binh tam giac cd chua 50 ml mdi trudng nudi cay, mdi binh cay 6
mau.
Thi nghiem 2: Thu nghiem nudi cay phat trien chdi nham xac dinh
ddng cd kha nang nhan nhanh, 4 ddng vd tinh Bach dan dugc nudi cay tren
mdi trudng trong dieu kien nudi cay gidng nhau.
Vat lieu thi nghiem: chdi non ciia 4 ddng vd tinh Bach dan da dugc
cdng nhan giong cap qudc gia (PN3d, PNl 16, PN54, PN46).
Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh vdi mdi trudng dura tren nen mdi trudng
nudi cay MS cai tien - MS3 (dugc ky hieu la: MS3), mdi cdng thiic cay 6

mau, 3 lan lap lai. Thanh phan mdi trudng: Phu luc.
Thi nghiem 3: Thu nghiem nudi cay ra re.
Vat lieu nghien
ciin:
Cac chdi tai sinh sau khi thuc hien cac thi
nghiem 2 cd kich thuoc 2-4 cm. Thi nghiem cd 3 cdng thuc, mdi cdng
thuc lap lai 3 lan, cay trong cac binh tru thuy tinh 250 ml chiia 50 ml mdi
trudng nudi cay co ban MS cai tien - MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd
sung
1.0
mg/1
ABTl
va IBA d cac nong do tu 0.5 - 0.75 -
1.0
mg/1.
14
+ Mdi trudng
MR-1:
MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung
1.0
mg/1 ABTl va IBA 0.5 mg/1.
+ Mdi trudng MR-2: MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0
mg/1
ABTl va IBA 0.75 mg/1.
+ Mdi trudng
MR-3:
MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0
mg/1
ABTl
va

IBA
1.0
mg/1.
- Chi tieu do dem:
+ So chdi/cum chdi.
+ Chieu cao chdi (cm).
+ So cap
la/cbdi.
+ Ty le chdi
hiin
hieu
(%>).
+ Ty le ra re (%).
2.1.4. Giam hom:
Dung phuong phap giam hom chdi, vat lieu giam hom la cac chdi
f
\
F
f
non, dugc lay tu chdi
ciia
gdc cay cap hom trong vudn vat lieu. Hom dugc
xii ly chat kich thich ra re trudc khi giam vao gia the. Phun suong
mil
dugc
thuc hien de cham sde bom giam hang ngay. Che do cham sde hom giam
tuy thugc vao thdi tiet bang ngay va timg giai doan.
Cac thi nghiem dugc bd tri hoan toan ngau nhien theo phuong phap
thuc nghiem so sanh (tien hanh thi nghiem theo cac
Id

thi nghiem, so sanh
ket qua va ket luan.
Thue hien theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem (TN):
Thi
nghiem 4: Thii nghiem thdi vu giam hom, thuc hien theo thang.
Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh nham: xac djnh anh hudng
cila
thdi vu den ty le
ra re ciia hom giam.
- Chi tieu do dem:
+ Ty le ra re (%).
+ Chi sd ra re.
15
2.1.5. Trong
rirng:
- Vat lieu : Ddng vd tinh Bach dan PN3d,
PNl
16, PN54 doi chiing
vdi
PNl4.
- Phuong thuc trdng : Trdng thuan loai theo khdi rieng re. Mat do
1333
cay/ha.
- Thdi vu trong : Thang 5 - 6/2009.
- Ky thuat trdng : Theo quy trinh trdng rung cua Tdng Cdng ty
Giay
Viet Nam (2002). Phan bdn: bdn
Idt
3 kg phan chudng boai, 200 g phan
NPK 10-5-5. Md binh dugc xu ly thue bi toan dien, cudc bd 40x40x40 cm.

- Dia diem trdng : Tam Thanh
(Phii
Thg), Lap Thach (VTnh Phiic).
- Cac chi tieu danh gia la:
+ Sinh trudng chieu cao: chieu cao
viit
nggn Hvn (m).
+ Sinh trudng dudng kinh: dudng kinh gdc Dg (cm).
+ Cap sinh trudng va theo ddi tinh hinh sau benh hai.
Chieu cao
viit
nggn (Hvn): do tu gdc sat mat dat tdi dinh nggn chinh.
Dudng kinh gdc (Dg): do tai vi tri sat mat dat.
- Dung cu do dudng kinh va chieu cao chuyen dung.
* Cap sinh trudng
ciia
than cay dugc phan 3 cap:
+ Cap I (ky hieu t): Cay sinh trudng tdt, sue sdng tdt, khdng sau
benh.
+ Cap II (ky hieu tb): Cay sinh trudng binh thudng.
f
r
+ Cap III (ky hieu x): Cay sinh trudng cham,
siic
sdng kem, bi sau
hoac benh lam anh hudng den
sue
sinh trudng.
- Tinh hinh sau, benh hai dugc danh gia theo hien tugng:
+ Cd bi sau benh hai (ky hieu c).

+ Khdng bi sau benh hai (ky hieu k)
16
2.1.6.
Phuo'ng
phap
xu-
ly so lieu:
Sir dung phuong phap thuc nghiem so sanh, thdng ke md ta: Thuc
hien thi nghiem theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem, so sanh ket qua va ket luan.
Sd lieu thu thap dugc phan tich, xir ly theo cac phuong phap thdng
ke.
Qua trinh tinh toan xu ly sd lieu dugc thuc hien tren may vi tinh theo
chuong trinh SPSS va EXCEL va dugc md phdng bang cac bang bieu va
do thi.
Cac phuong phap phan tich thdng ke [10]:
+ Kiem tra thdng ke anh hudng
cila
cac nhan td den cac chi tieu
nghien
ciin
(ket qua cua thi nghiem), diing cac thu tuc phan tich phuong sai
mot nhan td va phan tich phuong sai hai nhan td vdi muc y nghTa a = 0.05.
+ Kiem dinh phi tham sd cho K mau dgc lap: Dung thay cho phan
tich phucrng sai mot nhan td khi cac dieu kien ddi vdi phan tich phuong sai
khdng thoa man.
+ Kiem tra tinh dgc lap, su thuan nhat cua cac mau dua chii yeu vao
viee so sanh tan sd quan sat roi vao cac ty le mau theo tieu chuan
Xn
cua
Pearson.

1.1.
Thiet bj, dung cu, nguyen vat
lieu
va hoa chat sir dung cho
nghien
ciru.
2.2.1.
Trang thiet bj va dung cu:
* Thilt bi:
til
cay vd tning, ndi hap, may do pH, can dien tii, dieu hoa
nhiet do, nhiet ke, am ke, den neon,
* Dung cu: panh, keo, dao cay, binh thuy tinh hinh tam giac 500ml,
binh thuy tinh hinh tru 250 ml, dTa, den cdn
2.2.2.
Hoa chat: (phu luc 2).
17
2.3.
Ket qua thuc nghiem va thao luan.
2.3.1.
Ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn nhanh (he so nhdn in vitro cua cdc
dong) vd khd ndng sinh trw&ng, phdt trien choi ciia cdc dong nghien
cwu.
Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, trang thai sinh trudng phat trien chdi Bach dan
in vitro dugc the hien ve chieu cao trung binh chdi, sd la trung binh/chdi,
sd chdi trung binh/cay (bang 01).
Bdng 01. Khd ndng sinh trudng phdt triin chdi Bgch ddn in vitro
ciia
cdc ddng nghien cim (sau 4 tuan nuoi cdy)
TT

1
2
3
4
Ddng
PN54
PNl
16
PN3d
PN46
Chieu cao TB
choi (cm)
2,53
2,49
3,09
1,44
So cap la
TB/choi (cap)
4,2
3,6
3,4
2,6
So choi
TB/cum
3,8
5,7
4,5
1,9
Cac ddng dugc sap xep theo 3 nhdm chieu cao:
+ Chieu cao TB chdi > 2,5 cm: ddng PN54 va PN3d (chieu cao chdi dao

ddng tu 2,38 cm den 3,37 cm).
+ Chieu cao TB chdi tir 1,6 - < 2,5 cm: ddng PNl
16
(chieu cao chdi dao
ddng tir 2,44 cm den 2,68 cm).
+ Chieu cao TB chdi < 1,6 cm: ddng PN46 (chieu cao chdi dao dgng tu
1,36 cm den 1,59 cm).
Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, sd cap
la/chdi
ciia cac ddng dugc chia thanh cac
nhdm nhu sau:
+ Chdi cd > 4 cap la/chdi: ddng
PN54
+ Choi cd cd tir 3 - 4 cap
la/choi:
ddng PNl
16,
PN3d.
+ Chdi ed < 3 cap la/chdi: ddng PN46.
18
Sir
phat sinh chdi tren cay cua cac ddng ndi tren dugc sap xep theo
cac nhdm nhu sau:
+ Cum choi cd TB >4 chdi: ddng PNl 16, PN3d.
+ Cum chdi cd TB
tir
3- <4 choi: ddng PN54.
+ Cum chdi cd TB tir 1- <3 choi: ddng PN46.
He sd nhan chdi Bach dan in vitro la chi tieu danh gia kha nang nhan
'

>
A
f
gidng nhanh bang nudi cay in vitro
cda
cac ddng nghien cuu. He sd nhan
chdi Bach dan in vitro dugc quyet dinh bdi
sir
tang sd cap la va so choi cd
tren 1 cum chdi. Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, tu mau cay ban dau la 1 doan chdi
vdi 1 cap la cd chua chdi
ngii,
he sd nhan tang len dao ddng tu 3 - 6 lan
(ddng PN46 he sd nhan thap nhat dat 1,9; ddng PNl 16 cd he so nhan chdi
cao nhat dat 5,7 lan). Dua vao he sd nhan chdi Bach dan in vitro sau 4 tuan
nudi cay, cd the phan cac ddng nghien
ciin
thanh 3 nhdm: nhdm cd he sd
nhan
tir
4-5 lan, gdm cac ddng PNl 16, PN3d; nhdm cd he so nhan
tii
3 - 4
lan gdm ddng PN54 va nhdm cd he sd nhan tir
1 -
2 gdm ddng PN46 (bang
01).
Bdng 02. Chdt lugng chdi Bgch dan in vitro cua cdc ddng nghien cuu
TT
1

2
3
4
Ddng
PN54
PNl
16
PN3d
PN46
Ty le choi huu hieu (%)
Loai 1
(tot)
57,26
55,36
53,70
5,66
Loai 2
(TB)
29,82
13,99
26,31
30,33
Loai 3 (xau)
12,92
30,65
19,99
64,01
Trang thai
chdi
+++

++
++
+
Ghi
chii:
+ chdi map, cd callus; ++ chdi map TB, la xanh; +++ chdi map,
la xanh, la xde to.
19