nghiên cứu biện pháp thâm canh bông cao sản với bấm ngọn sớm ở mường lát, thanh hóa

BO CONG THUONG
C6NG
TY CO PHAN
B6NG
MI£N
BAC
sAo cAo TONG icfr
^itdii
"XAY
DI;NG
MOT
S6
BIEN
PHAP
THAM
CANH
BONG
CAO SAN
vdi
BAM
NGON
SCJM
6
MI/ONG
LAT -
THANH
H6A"
Thuc hien theo Hgp ddng sd
116.09
RD/HD-KHCN ky ngay 04
thing 03 nam 2009 giira Bg Cdng thuang va Cdng ty

Cd phan Bdng Mien Bic
Ca
quan
chu
tri:
Cong
ty
Co
phan
Bong
Mien
Bac
Chu
nhiem
de tai: KS. Vu Van
Bo
Can
bo
chinh tham
gia
thi/c
hien:
KS.
Pham
Van Phu
KTV.
Nguyen
Thanh
Tung
Ha Noi, thang 12 nam 2009

^M
MUC LUC
Noi dung Trang
1.
Mddau
1
1.1. Tinh cap thilt
ciia
de tai 1
1.2.
Muc tieu nghien cuu
ciia
de tai 2
1.2.1.
Muc tieu kmh tl - xa hdi 2
1.2.2.
Muc tieu khoa hgc cdng nghe 2
1.3.
Thdi gian va dia diem nghien
ciiu
3
2.
Tdng quan tai lieu 3
2.1.
Mot sd nghien cuu ve lieu lugng phan bdn tren cay bdng 3
2.2.
Mot sd nghien cuu ve mat do gieo trdng 4
r
-y
f

2.3.
Mot sd nghien cihi ve bien phap bam nggn tia canh 6
2.4. Mot sd nghien
ciiu
ve
sii
dung thudc trir cd tren cay bdng 7
3.
Vat lieu, ndi dung va phuang phip nghien
ciiu
8
3.1.
Vat lieu nghien
ciiu
8
3.2. Ndi dung nghien
ciiu
9
3.3.
Phuong phap nghien
ciiu
9
3.4. Cac chi tieu theo doi 16
3.5.
Phuong phap canh tic trong cic thi nghiem
18
3.6.
Phuong phap xu ly sd lieu 19
4.
Ket qua va thao luan

19
4.1,
Dac dilm thdi tiet
khi
hau
ciia
huyen Mudng
Lit
- Thanh
Hoa
nam 2009
19
4.2.
Anh hudng
ciia
han bdn va thdi diem bam nggn den smh trudng phat
trien,
miic
do nhilm sau benh hai, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te tren
giong bong lai
VN35
- KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hda
20
4.2.1.
Anh hudng
din
sinh trudng phit trien 20
4.2.2.
Anh hudng
din miic

do nhiem sau benh hai 23
4.2.3.
Cac ylu td cau thanh nang suit, nang suit bdng hat va hieu qua
k.tl
25
4.3.
Anh hudng
ciia
mat do va thdi diem bam nggn
din
sinh trudng phat
trien,
mure
do nhiem sau benh hai, nang suit va hieu qua kinh tl tren
gidng bdng lai VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hda
28
4.3.1.
Anh hudng
din
sinh trudng phat triln 28
4.3.2.
Anh hudng den
miic
do nhiem sau benh hai 30
4.3.3.
Cac yeu td cau thanh nang suit, nang suit bdng hat va hieu qui
k.te
32
4.4.
Hieu qua kinh te

ciia
md hinh bdn phan,
sii dimg
thudc
trir
cd va bam
nggn tren gidng KN06-8 35
4.5.
Hieu qua kinh te
ciia
md hinh trdng diy bam nggn sdm tren gidng
VN35-KS
36
5.
Ket luan va de nghi 38
5.1.
Kit
luan 38
5.2.
De
nghi 38
Tai
lieu tham
khao 40
Tai lieu tieng Viet 40
Tai lieu tiing Anh 41
Mot sd hinh anh
ciia
de tai 42
Phu luc

1.
Quy trinh ky thuat 43
Phu luc 2. Chi phi dau tu cho
1
ha md hmh trdng day, bam nggn tren
gidng
VN35-KS 46
Phu luc 3. Chi phi dau tu cho
1
ha md hinh bdn phan,
sii
dung thudc trii
cd va bim nggn tren gidng KN06-8 47
Phu luc 4. Chi phi diu tu cho
1
ha trong bdng dai tri 48
THONG TIN CHUNG CUA DE TAI
1.
Ten de tai: Xiy dung mot sd bien phap thim canh bong
cao sin
vod
bi'm ngon sdm
a
Mucng Lit - Thanh Hoa
2.
Ma sd: 116.09 RD
3.
Thdi gian thuc hien de tai: Tii thing 01/2009 den thing 12/2009
4.
Co quan chu quan: Bg Cong thuang

Dia chi: 54 - Hai Ba Trung - Hoan Kiem - Ha Noi
Dien thoai: 042. 2202222
5. Ho va ten chu nhiem de tai: Vu Vin Bg
Hgc ham, hgc vi, chuyen mdn: Ky su Ndng hgc
Chiic vu: Trudng phong Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe
Dien
thoai:
0912.831066 E-mail: khcnorco(a)gmail.com
6. Co quan chu
tri:
Cdng ty Co phan Bdng Miln Bic
Dia chi:
So'
6 Nguyln Cdng
Trii
- Hai Ba Trung - Hi Ndi
Diln thoai: 04.397221 Email:
bongmienbac(5)gmail.com
7.
Danh sach
nhung
ngudi thuc hien
chinh
Stt Ho va ten Hoc ham, hoc vi chuyen mon
1-
Vii Van Bg Ky su Nong hgc
2-
Pham Van
Phii
Ky su Ndng hgc

3-
Nguyln Thanh Tiing Ky thuat vien
8. Mot so ket qua cua de tai da dat dugc trong nam 2007 va 2008 d Mudng Lat -
Thanh Hoa
Nam 2007 Nam 2008
- Nghien ciru 6 mit do gieo ket hgp phun Pix 2
lin tren giong bong VNOl-2 va
VN15
tai
Mucng Lit - Thanh Hoa da xac dinh dugc mat
do 6,0 van cay/ha (tuang
ling
vdi khoang
each
gieo 60 x 27cm/cay) cho nang suit bdng hat va
hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't.
- Ke't qui nghien
ciiu
6 mat do gieo ke't hgp
bien phap tia canh
due
va bi'm nggn khi ciy
bdng viia khep tin
dd'i
vdi 2 gidng
VNO
1-2 va
VNI5
da xac dinh dugc mat do 5,5 van ciy/ha
(tuong ling vdi khoing

each
gieo 70 x
26cm/ciy) cho nang suit bong hat va hieu qui
kinh te cao nhit.
- Tren ci gidng
VNO
I-2
va
VNI5,
d mat do 7,0
van
ciy/ha
(khoing
each
gieo 50 x 27 cm/ciy)
ket hgp phun Pix 2 lan va tia canh
due,
bi'm
nggn khi ciy bong viia khep tin cho ning suit
bdng hat va hieu qui kinh te thi'p nhi't.
- Phun PIX 2 lin vdi lugng 150 ml/ha vao thdi
diem 35 va 50 ngay tudi da cd tic dung han che
su phat trien
chidu
cao cay va chieu rgng tin,
rut ngin thdi gian sinh trudng ciia ca 2 gidng
VNO
I-2
va
VNI5

tit 5 -
10
ngay, giim
miic
do
nhilm riy xanh. Phun PIX con co tic
diing
han
chd'
benh dd'm chay li tren gidng
VN15
nhung
khdng
CO
tic dung han che benh mdc suong
tren ca gidng
VNOI-2
va VN15.
- Nghien
ciiu
3 thdi diem bi'm
nggn sdm d Mudng Lit - Thanh
Hoa da xac dinh dugc bi'm nggn
khi ciy bong cd 6 canh qua ddi
vdi gidng VN35-KS,
10
canh qui
doi vdi gio'ng VNOI-2 va 8 canh
qui ddi vdi gidng KN06-8 cho
hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't.

- Trong 2
miic
phin bdn nghien
ciiu
da xic dinh dugc
miic
phin
200 kg Ure
-i-
300 kg NPK/ha ke't
hgp bi'm nggn khi ciy bdng cd 6
cinh qui cho hieu qui kinh te cao
nhi't dd'i vdi gidng bdng
VN35-
KS;
cdn tren gidng VNOl-2 va
KN06-8,
miic
phin 250 kg Ure +
400 kg NPK/ha cho
hiieu
qui kinh
te cao nhi't vdi thdi diem bi'm
nggn tuong
ling
la
10
va 8 canh
qui.
-

Sii
dung thud'c trir cd Bravo 480
SL phun trudc
khii
lam da't vi sau
gieo 30 ngiy tren gidng bdng
KN06-7 ket hgp bi'm nggn khi ciy
bdng cd 8 canh qui cho nang suit
bdng va hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't.
9. Muc tieu cua de tai
Nhim hoan thien quy trinh ky thuit trdng bdng ning suit cao ke't hgp bi'm nggn
sdm cho viing sin xui't.
10.
Noi dung cua de tai
- Nghien
ciiu
inh hudng ciia phin bdn va thdi didm bi'm nggn de'n sinh trudng
phat trien,
miic
do
nhidm
siu benh va ning suit cua gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai Mudng
Lit - Thanh Hoa.
- Nghien
ciru
anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bi'm nggn den sinh trudng phat
trien,
miic
do
nhidm

sau benh va ning suit
ciia
gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai Mudng Lit -
Thanh Hoa.
- Danh gia hieu qui kinh te cua cac bien phip ky thuit trong
thi
nghiem va trong
md hinh trong day, bi'm nggn sdm tren gidng VN35-KS; md hinh bdn phin, trong
day,
sir
dung thudc trii cd va bi'm nggn tren gidng KN06-8.
11.
Kinh
phi
thuc hien de tai
Dan vi
tinh:
trieu dong
Stt
A
B
Nguon kinh phi
Tdng sd
Trong dd:
- Ngin sach SNKH
Thu hoi
Tdng
sd
100,0
100,0

0
Trong do
Thanh
toan ca
nhan
70,8
70,8
0
Chi phi
nghiep vu,
chuyen mon
12,2
12,2
0
Mua
sdm,
siia
chira
0
0
0
Cac
khoan
chi
khac
17,0
17,0
0
De tai nshien cuu khoa hoc - 2009
CTY

CP.
BONG
MIEN
BAC
BAO CAO KET QUA
THlTC
HIEN DE TAX
XAY
DITNG
MOT SO BIEN PHAP THAM CANH BONG CAO SAN
V6l
BAM NGON
SOfM d MlTOfNG LAT
- THANH HOA
Chii
nhiem de tai: KS.
Vii
Van Bo
Cdn bo tham gia thuc hien: KS. Pham
^
Van
Pha
&
KTV.
Nguyen
Thanh
Timg
l.MdDAU
1.1.
Tinh

cap thiet cua de tai
San xuat bdng d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi da budc sang nam
thii
tu. Mac du
dang phai ddi mat vdi nhiing khd khan,
die
biet li
siic
ep canh tranh ve hieu qui
kinh te giiia mot sd cay trdng cung thdi vu tai dia phuang, dien hinh li cay ngd lai
nhung cay bdng vai van dang dugc mot bd phan khdng nhd ndng dan tham gia
gieo trdng. Chiing tdi tien hinh dieu tra cic hd ndng dan trdng bdng vi da xic dinh
dugc nhung co sd de cay bdng van ludn dugc ndng dan
ling
hg, dd la:
i, Cay bdng vai la cay trdng cung thdi vu duy nhat cd chinh sich
dau tu va tieu thu sin pham dn dinh;
ii,
Chi duy nhat ndng dan trdng bdng dugc tap huan vi hudng dan
ky thuat gieo trdng mot
each
cu the va cd cin bg ky thuat khuyen ndng
ciia
Cdng ty
true
tiep hudng dan vdi muc tieu la de ndng dan trdng bdng nam bat
dugc nhiing bien phap ky thuat trdng bdng dat nang suit cao, nang cao hieu qui
r "*• ^
kinh te
ciia

cay bdng, tu dd gdp phan duy tri vi md rgng dien tich trdng bdng tai
moi vung;
iii,
Mot
Igi
the rat
Idn ciia
cay bdng vii la nd cd the trdng dugc
trong dieu kien dat kho, bac mau neu dugc ap dung cac bien phap tham canh,
trong khi nlu trong cay ngd lai se khdng cho thu hoach. Ndng dan ciing da nam
dugc dilu nay sau mot vai nam trdng bdng. Chinh vi vay, d cac vung trdng
bdng mien mii phia Bic, ndng dan da va dang hmh thanh mot thdi quen gan nhu
mot tap quan canh tic mdi dd la thay ddi dat trdng bdng: nhimg dien tich dit
kho,
bac mau khdng trdng dugc ngd se chuyen sang trdng cay bdng vai.
1
De tai nghien cieu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
Dieu
dd cho thay, cay bdng vii se ludn dugc ndng dan tham gia gieo
trong neu Cdng ty thuc hien tdt cic chinh sich dau tu vi tieu thu sin phim,
dong thdi day manh viec ip dung cac bien phap ky thuit thim canh bdng ning
suit cao mot
each
hieu qui.
Tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi, viec trien khai thuc hien mot sd bien phip
ky thuat tham canh bdng nang suit cao tir ket qui

ciia
de tii nam 2007 va 2008
da cho thay ket qua rat cd y nghia cho sin xuat bdng dai tri. Hien nay, ben canh
viec dua mot sd
kit
luan cua dl tai nam 2007 va 2008 ra ip dung cho sin xuit
dudi dang md hinh, chiing tdi tilp tuc nghien cuu nhimg bien phip ky thuat
tham canh bdng nang suat cao trong nam thir ba nham hoin thien quy trinh ky
thuat tham canh bdng cao sin ip dung cho sin xuit bdng
dai
tri.
Vi nhiing ly do tren, nam 2009, chiing tdi tilp tuc triln khai thuc hien dl
tai Xay dung mot sd bien phip tham canh bdng cao sin vdi bam nggn sdm d
Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi.
1.2. Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai
1.2.1.
Muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi
- Nang cao hieu qui kinh tl
ciia
cay bdng bing viec dua cic bien phip ky
thuat phu hgp, cho nang suat bdng hat cao vi chit lugng bdng xa tot vio sin
xuit bdng, tung budc cii thien
Igi thi
canh tranh giira cay bdng vdi mot so cay
trong khic tai dia phuong ve hieu qui kinh tl vi dien tich gieo trdng. Gdp phan
giai quylt hai hoi moi quan he ve
Igi
ich kmh tl giiia ndng din trdng bdng vdi
doanh nghiep dau tu sin xuat bdng.
- Tao them cdng an viec lim cho ndng dan trdng bdng thdng qua viec md

rgng dien tich trong bdng, gdp phin dn dinh ddi song xa hdi
ciia
cic ling bin
viing sau, viing xa.
1.2.2. Muc tieu khoa hgc cong nghe
- Dinh gii anh hudng
ciia
bien phip ky thuat dugc ip dung trong de tii
2
De tai nghien curu khoa hoc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
din
kha nang sinh trudng phit trien, mirc do siu benh hai va cic ylu to cau
thanh nang suit
ciia
cay bdng.
- Gdp phan hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat tham canh bdng cao sin phu
hgp vdi dieu kien dat dai vi tap quin canh tic
ciia
ndng din vung Mudng Lit -
Thanh Hoa.
1.3. Thcri gian va dia diem nghien cuu
- Thdi gian: trong nam 2009
- Dia diem: tai 3 xa
ciia
huyen Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi li Tam Chung,
Quang Chieu va Mudng Chanh.

2.
TONG QUAN TAI LIEU
Viec trien khai nghien
ciiu
de tii Xay dung mot sd bien phip tham canh
bdng cao san vdi bam nggn sdm d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi dugc dua tren ca
sd thuc tien sin xuat cay bdng vai
ciia
vung vi tren co sd khoa hgc li nhiing ket
qui nghien
ciiu
ve inh hudng
ciia
mot sd bien phip ky thuit den qui trinh sinh
trudng phat trien va kha nang cho nang suit
ciia
ciy bdng.
Cho
din
nay, van de niy da dugc de cap khi nhieu trong nhiing nghien
ciiu ciia
cac tic gia trong vi ngoai
nude.
Trong dd ndi bat li mot sd ket qui sau:
2.1.
Mot so nghien cuu ve lieu
luung
phan bon tren cay bong
F
f

F
r
F
r
Phan bdn cd inh hudng den ning suit va cic yeu td cau thinh nang suit
nhu sd
qui/m^,
khdi lugng qui, nhung khdng inh hudng den chat lugng xo
bdng
[7].
Khi lugng dam bdn tang thi chieu cao cay, sd cinh qui vi sd
qua/ciy
ciing tang, lugng phan bdn cd hieu qui nhit trong dieu kien trdng bdng cd phu
mang polyethylene la 100kg N + 40kg
P2O5
+ 50kg
KjO/ha
[14].
Tai An Do, tren cic vung bdng cd tudi ngudi ta bdn dam vdi lugng hon
100kg N/ha, doi vdi bdng lai cd the bdn vdi lugng 320kg N/ha, ty le
De tdi nghien cieu khoa hpc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
N:P205:K20
thudng la 2:1:1 hoac
3:1:1
[16].
Khi tang lugng phan bdn thi so li,

sd hoa/cay, chieu cao cay va nang suit bdng hat deu ting, tuy nhien khi vugt
qui lugng
135kg
N + 45kg
P2O5
+ 45kg
K20/ha
thi nang suit bdng giim .
Cic ket qua nghien
ciiu ciia
Vien Nghien
ciiu
vi Phit trien cay bdng
trong nhiing nam qua da ket luan ty le phan
N:P205:K20
cd the
sii
dung de bdn
cho bdng thich hgp tren cic vung sinh thii li
2:1:1.
Ci
phia Bac, tu thuc tien sin xuit va trien khai mot sd de tii nghien
ciiu
ling dung ciing da cd nhan xet: Tuy theo dieu kien dat dai
ciia
tung vung de
lira
chgn
miic
phan bdn thich hgp trong khoing tir N

-i-
P2O5
+
K2O =
100 kg + 50
kg + 50 kg/ha
din
N +
P2O5
+
K2O
= 120 kg + 60 kg + 60 kg/ha vi bdn 2 - 3
lan/vu nham dat nang suit cao [1].
2.2.
Mot so nghien cuu ve mat do gieo trong bong
Mat do la ylu to quan trgng inh hudng rit
Idn
den cic yeu td ciu thinh
nang suat vi cac chi tieu sinh ly khic lien quan den nang suit. Tuy theo dieu
kien dat dai, khi hau vi dilu kien canh tic
ciia
vung, vdi mdi gidng mudn
phat huy
hit tilm
nang nang suat thi can phii xic dinh dugc mat do toi thich.
Theo Ly Van Binh va Phan Dai Luc
(1991),
d Trung Quoc mudn ning cao ning
suat bdng trudc
hit

phii quan tam
din
dien tich li, phii dieu chinh hoat ddng
quang hgp d cay bdng lien quan
din
dieu kien ngoai cinh, De cd chi sd dien
tich la toi uu, ngudi ta cd
thi
dung cic bien phip ky thuat nhu dilu chinh mat
do gieo trdng, phan bdn,
chi
do
nude
tudi [5].
Tren
thi
gidi, mat do gieo trdng cho bdng thay ddi rat
Idn,
phu thudc
nhilu vao gidng, dilu kien sinh thii vi canh tic
ciia
moi vung. Nghien
ciiu
tic
ddng qua lai giiia gidng va mat do d Bet Dagan thudc ddng bing ven bien
ciia
Israel cho thiy, cac gidng bdng cd dang hinh ggn, chin sdm nhu Tamcot
SP37
cho nang suit cao nhit d mat do 2,4 van cay/ha trong khi nhiing giong chin
mugn nhu

Acala
SJ-2 cho nang suit cao d mat do 8,0 van cay/ha
[17].
De tai nghien cieu khoa hoc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
Cac thi nghiem tiln hanh tren
nin
dat den d Bijapur-Kamataka, trong
dieu kien nhd
nude
trdi ngudi ta nhin thiy, nang suat bdng hat khdng bi inh
hudng bdi khoing cich hing. Trdng bdng d mat do
1,8
van cay/ha cho nang
suat bdng hat cao hon so vdi mat do
1,2
van cay/ha, nhung sai khic khdng cd y
nghia d mat do 2,5 van cay/ha
[12].
Gidng bdng DBS
119
trdng trong dieu kien cd tudi va trdng nhd
nude
trdi,
nang suat bdng dat cao nhat vdi khoing cich 96,5 cm, day ciing li khoing
cich hang thuan
Igi

cho cdng tic thu hoach
[18].
Ket qua nghien
ciiu
ve mat do
tai
Texas
ciia
Landivar cho thay, khi tang
mat do gieo trdng tii 3,7 den 5,5 cay/foot (tuong duong
12
den
18 ciy/lm)
vdi
khoang cich hang la 38 inch (tuong duong 0,965 m) thi ning suit bdng cd xu
hudng giim. Ong dua ra khuyen cio vl mat do gieo trdng cho vung niy la
30.000
din
60.000 cay/mau Anh (tuang duong 74.000
din
128.000 cay/ha) [15].
Theo Vii Cdng Hau, tai Viet Nam, doi vdi cic gidng bdng
ludi
chi nen
gieo d mat do 4 van cay/ha. d nhirng vung cd nhiet do cao va do am khdng khi
cao thi khdng nen trdng qui day. Gidng cd cinh qua dai mat do khdng dugc
vugt qua 3 den 4 van cay/ha. Ddi vdi cic gidng canh ngan cd the trdng
tdi
5 - 7
van cay/ha [10]. Theo Nguyen Khic Trung, rugng bdng trdng vdi mat do qui

cao,
cac cay mgc gin nhau qui, cinh li ken nhau se dan den thieu inh sing,
rugng bdng khdng thdng thoing, do do nan rung dii xiy ra nghiem trgng [6].
Tai viing Duyen hii Nam Trung Bg
nude
ta, mat do
ciia
gidng bdng
lai VNOl-2 trong dilu kien khdng
xii
ly PIX cho nang suit cao nhit li 7,5
van cay/ha [2].
r
F
\
f
Tai cac viing sin xuat bdng d phia Bac, mat do gieo trdng cGng rat khic
nhau tuy theo dilu kien dit dai, khi hau, trinh do tham canh
ciia
ndng dan va
gidng bdng. Tuy nhien, hien nay van chua cd ket luan chinh xic ve mat do gieo
trdng hgp ly cho moi vung sin xuat.
De tdi nghien
curu
khoa hoc - 2009
CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN
BAC
2.3.

Mot so nghien
cihi
ve bien phap bam ngon
tia
canh tren cay bong
Bam nggn (hay ngat nggn) la mot bien phap ky thuit rit quan trgng, do
nd anh hudng den tinh hinh sinh trudng vi nang suit
ciia
cay bdng. Bam nggn
qui sdm hay qui mugn deu gay ra hieu qui xau. Vi neu bam nggn qui sdm, so
lugng canh qua it va canh nich lai phit trien manh. Cdn bim nggn mudn qui thi
khdng cd tic dung tang nang suit mi sd canh qua vd hieu lai ting do nu hoa
rung nhieu.
Vien Khio
ciiu
Ndng Lim da tdng ket, nhiing noi bam nggn sdm, chi de
lai tren cay 5-6 canh qua dan den nang suit khdng cao. Nhiing noi bim nggn
qui mugn, dl nhieu canh qui nen ciy khdng
dii siic
nudi, ddng thdi qui phia
tren thudng bi rung cdn nhiing qui phia dudi nhd vi khd nd. Tdm lai, bam nggn
sdm qua hay mugn qua deu cd hai cho ning suit bdng [9].
Nhiing nghien
ciiu ciia
Hoing
Diic
Phuong cho thiy, nhd bim nggn tia
canh ma ty le rung dii giim, nang suit ting hon ddi chiing khdng bim tu 5 -
I2%[3].
Cdn nghien

ciiu ciia
Khalifa, H. vi ctv. tai Viet Nam thu dugc
kit
qui
ddi vdi cay bdng gidng MCU9, viec bam nggn vio giai doan 60 ngiy sau gieo
cd tic dung lam tang ning suat bdng trong ci vu mua vi vu khd d
miic
cd y
nghia so sinh; tuy nhien viec bam nggn mugn (80 vi
100
ngiy sau gieo) da lam
giam nang suit bdng so vdi ddi chiing khdng bam
[13].
Kit
qua nghien cim vl bim nggn tai Dong Nai nam 1995 vi
1996
cho
thiy, viec bim nggn qua sau (dl lai tren cay 10 cinh qui) se lam giim nang suat
bdng so vdi ddi chiing khdng bim. Cdn viec bim nggn qui mugn {dh lai tren
cay 15 canh qua) cd lim ting sd
qui/m^
vi tang nang suit bdng so vdi ddi
chiing ve mat sd tuyet ddi [4].
Kit
qua nghien
ciiu ciia
Choi, B.H. vl thdi ky ngit nggn cho ciy bdng
giong CAMD-2-2 cho thiy, viec ngit nggn sdm qui (40 ngay sau gieo) se lim
De tdi nghien
cieu

khoa hoc - 2009
CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN
BAC
• • ' '
giam
nang suat bdng. Ngat nggn vio giai doan 60 ngay (tuong
ling
vdi 14 cinh
qua/cay) cd tic dung lam tang nang suit bdng
16,69%
so vdi ddi chiing. Trii
lai,
viec ngat nggn mugn vao giai doan 70 ngiy sau gieo (tuong
ling
vdi
16
canh qua/cay) chi lim tang nang suit 8,36% so vdi khdng ngit
[II].
Qua thuc tien sin xuat d cic viing trdng bdng phia Bac ciing da dua ra
khuyen cao chung la nen ip dung bam nggn cho nhiing rugng bdng sinh trudng
manh, day du mat do, trdng day, cd chieu cao cay tu 100 cm trd len hoac ciy
bdng cd
tir
12 canh qui trd len vi hing bdng da khep tin.
2.4.
Mot so nghien
cihi
ve sir dung thuoc trir co tren cay bong

Mot sd ket qui nghien cuu ve thudc trir cd tren ciy bdng
chii
yeu dugc
thuc hien d phia Nam, tuy nhien ciing chua nhieu. Ket qui nghien
ciiu ciia
Tran
Thanh Dung (2002) cho thay: Thudc trii cd thich hgp nhit li Ametrex 80WP
phun vdi lieu lugng 1,5-
2,0kg/ha
trudc khi gieo bdng
7-10
ngiy cd hieu luc
phdng tru cd cao, cd uu diem la diet dugc mot sd cd nay mam cham nen cd hieu
r
y.
F
-y
luc keo dai den 60 ngay sau phun, vi trong hoan cinh dau tu thap chi can phun
^ t
y
f f
y
1 lan trong vu, sau dd lam cd bd sung khi can thiet. Ddi vdi bdng cd trdng xen
dau tuong, sau khi gieo ciy xen phun loai thudc tien mgc mim Ronstar 25 EC
1,5
llt/ha
hoac Comman 4 EC 0,5 lit/ha cho hieu qua trii cd cao den cudi vu,
khdng can phii lam cd bd sung [8].
Trong mot vai nam gin day, Vien Nghien
ciiu

va Phit trien ciy bdng da
chgn tao va dua vao sin xuat mot sd gidng bdng lai khing thudc trii cd nhdm
Glyphosate nhu gidng VN02-2, KN06-8.
Ci phia Bac, viec su dung thudc tru cd trong trdng cay bdng vii ciing
budc dau dugc nong dan thuc hien nhung cdn mang tinh tu phit, chua cd nhiing
nghien
ciiu thii
nghiem ciing nhu khuyen cao day
dii
ve van de niy.
r
r
y
Nhu vay, cac ket qui nghien
ciiu
tren day rat rd ring va khi day
dii.
Viec
De tdi nghien cieu khoa hoc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
tie
dong cac bien phip ky thuit tren cay bdng da cd nhung inh hudng nhilu
den dac dilm sinh vat hgc vi thuc vat hgc
ciia
cay bdng,
die
biet li khi ning

cho nang suit. Tuy nhien,
miic
do inh hudng ciing rit khic nhau d moi vung
sinh thii va tap quin canh tic
ciia
ndng din.
Ngay nay, vdi nhiing biln ddi phiic tap
ciia
thdi tilt khi hiu vi
sir
canh
tranh ve gii ca ndng sin, ciy bdng vii dang la ddi tugng chiu
sir
inh hudng
y
r
y
nhieu nhat va ciing la mot trong nhung ciy trdng dang giinh dugc nhiing chinh
sich uu tien nhat
ciia
Nhi
nude
ta. Do vay, cung vdi viec thuc hien nhiing chinh
sich cho day manh sin xuat, gdp phan cung cap nguyen lieu cho nginh Det -
May trong
nude,
viec trien khai nghien
cihi
de dua ra nhung bien phip ky thuit
mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao cho ndng din trdng bdng tai phia Bic li vin de

rat can thiet.
3.
VAT LIEU, NOI DUNG VA
PHlTonVG
PHAP
NGHIEN
CtTU
3.1.
Vat lieu nghien cuu
- Ddi tugng nghien
ciiu:
De tii chgn 2 gidng bdng
VN35-KS
vi KN06-8.
Day la 2 giong bdng lai mdi dugc chgn tao
ciia
Vien nghien cim Bdng vi phit
triln Ndng nghiep Nha Ho vi dang dugc trdng
thii
nghiem tren dien rgng de
tien tdi cdng nhan gidng qudc gia. Hai gidng bdng nay dugc coi li cd nhiing
die
•ft
y r y
f
diem cd the dip iing dugc yeu ciu
ciia
mot sd vung trdng bdng phia Bic.
- Vat lieu nghien
ciiu:

+ Thudc trii cd Bravo 480 SL: day li loai thudc trir cd hiu niy mim
(phun khi tren dit cd cay cd). Thudc do Cdng ty Cd phin vat tu bao ve thuc vat 1
Trung uong cung ung vi dang dugc
sii
dung khi rgng rai ngoai sin xuat.
+ Thudc trir benh Anvil 5 SC: thudc cd tic dung trong phdng trir
benh do nam gay hai. Thudc niy dang dugc khuyen cio
sii
dung tren ciy bdng
trong phdng
trir
benh ddm chiy la vi mdc suong.
8
De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
+ Thudc Actara 25 WG: day li loai thudc viia cd tic ddng tilp
xiic
viia cd tic dong noi hip. Thudc dang dugc khuyin cio dl
trir
rep, riy xanh tren
cay bdng vii tai cac vung trdng bdng d
phia
Bic.
+ Phan dam ure:
sii
dung loai phan dam cd 46%N dh bdn thiic cho
cay bdng.

+
Phan
NPK Lam
thao:
dung
phan
NPK cd ty le
5%N:
10%P205:3%K20
ciia
Lam thao de bdn
thiic.
3.2.
Noi dung nghien cuu
- Nghien
ciiu
inh hudng
ciia
phin bdn va thdi diem bim nggn
din
sinh
trudng phit trien,
miic
do nhiem sau benh vi nang suit
ciia
gidng bdng lai
VN35-
KS tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi.
- Nghien
ciiu

anh hudng
ciia
mat do vi thdi diem bam nggn den sinh trudng
phat trien,
miic
do nhiem siu benh vi nang suit
ciia
gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai
Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi.
- Danh gii hieu qui kinh te
ciia
cac bien phip ky thuat trong thi nghiem va
trong md hinh trdng diy, bam nggn sdm tren gidng
VN35-KS;
md hinh bdn
^
r
f
r
phan, trdng diy, sii dung thudc trii cd vi bim nggn tren gidng KN06-8.
3.3.
Phuong phap nghien
ciru
t
y
r
De thuc hien cic ndi dung nghien
ciiu
tren day, de tii
sii

dung mot sd
phuong phap nghien
ciiu
thdng dung sau day:
- Phuong phip ke thua: Dura vio cic ket qui nghien
ciiu
trudc day de
dua ra mot sd dinh
miic
ky thuat trong thi nghiem nhu
miic
phin bdn, loai thudc
trii cd, thdi diem bam nggn,
- Phuong phap dieu tra thdng ke.
- Phuong phap phan tich dinh gii bing va do thi.
9
De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
- Phuong phap thi nghiem ddng rugng: Cic cdng thiic thi nghiem dugc
bd tri theo
kilu
khdi ngau nhien day
dii
(RCBD), 3 lan nhac lai, dien tich mdi
lan nhac
100m
. Gdm 2 thi nghiem va 2 md hinh:

3.3.1.
Nghien cuu dnh huang
ciia
phdn bon vd thai diem bdm ngon den sinh
truang phdt
trien,
miec
do nhiem sdu benh vd ndng sudt cua giong bong lai
VN35-
KS tai Muang Lat - Thanh Hod.
* Bd tri thi nghiem:
- Thi nghiem gieo ngiy 10 thing 6.
- Mat do khoing cich gieo: Gieo vdi mat do 5,0 van ciy/ha tuong
iing
vdi khoing
each
80 x
25cm/hdc/cay.
- Thi nghiem dugc bd tri ddng thdi 2 bien phip ky thuit li cac
miic
phan
bdn va thdi dilm bam nggn khic nhau, trong do
miic
phin bdn li ylu td chinh.
Bd tri theo kilu khdi diy
dii
ngiu nhien, 3 lin nhic lai, dien tich
lOOmVd.
Dien
tich toan thi nghiem 3.600

mVdilm.
- Cic
miic
phan bdn:
+ Po(d/c):
89N:40P205:12K20
(400 kg NPK
5-10-3
+
150
kg Ure)
+
Pi:
61N:30P205:9K20
(300 kg NPK 5-10-3 + 100 kg Ure)
+
P2:
112N:40P205:12K20
(400 kg NPK
5-10-3
+ 200 kg Ure)
+
P3:
I22N:60P205:18K20
(600
kg
NPK 5-10-3 + 200 kg Ure)
+
P4:
140N:50P205:15K20

(500 kg NPK 5-10-3 + 250 kg Ure)
- Thdi ky bim nggn:
+
Ti:
bam nggn khi cay bdng cd 8 canh qui
+
T2:
bim nggn khi ciy bdng cd
10
canh qui
- Cac cong thiic thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp nhu sau:
10
De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
CTLPoTi CT6:PoT2
CT2:
PiTi
CT7:
P1T2
CT3:
P2T1
CT8:
P2T2
CT4:
P3T1 CT9: P3T2
CT5:P4Ti CT10:P4T2
3.3.2. Nghien cim dnh huang

ciia
mat do vd thai diem bdm ngon den sinh truang
phdt
trien,
miec do nhiem sdu benh vd ndng sudt
ciia
giong bong lai VN35-KS tai
Muang Lat - Thanh Hod.
* Bd tri thi nghiem:
- Thi nghiem gieo ngiy 7 thing 6.
-
Nin
phan bdn:
107N:30P205:9K20
tuong
iing
vdi lugng phin 300 kg
NPK Lam Thao
5-10-3
vi 200 kg dam ure/ha.
- Thi nghiem dugc bd tri ddng thdi 2 bien phip ky thuat li cic
miic
mat
do vi thdi dilm bam nggn khic nhau, trong dd mat do li ylu td chinh. Bd tri
theo kilu khdi diy
dii
ngiu nhien, 3 lan nhic lai, dien tich lOOmVd. Dien tich
toan thi nghiem 3.000
mVdiem.
- Cic mat do gieo:

+ Mo(d/c): 4,2 van ciy/ha (80 x 30 cm/cay)
+ M,: 5,0 van
ciy/ha
(80 x
25cm/ciy)
+
M2:
5,7 van
ciy/ha
(70 x
25cm/cay)
+
M3:
6,2 van
cay/ha
(80 x
20cni/cay)
- Thdi ky bam nggn:
+
Ti:
bam nggn khi ciy bdng cd 8 cinh qui
11
De tdi nghien
ciiru
khoa hgc - 2009
CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN
BAC
F

+
T2:
bam nggn khi ciy bdng cd 10 cinh qui
- Cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp nhu sau:
CTLMoTi CT5:MoT2
CT2:
MiTi
CT6:
M1T2
CT3:M2Ti
CT7:
M2T2
CT4:
M3T,
CT8:
M3T2
3.3.3. Mo hinh trong ddy, bdm ngon som tren giong VN35-KS
- Ndi dung:
+ Dia diem trien khai: Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi.
+ Dien tich: 1,0 ha/md hinh.
+ Md hinh cd ap dung mot sd bien phip ky thuat da dugc de xuat
ciia
de
tai nam trudc.
- Quy trinh ky thuat thuc hien md hmh:
F
F
* Chgn dat va lim dat:
- Dit ddi cd do ddc dudi 10°, thoit
nude

tdt, tang canh tic day tren
30cm,
miu
nau xam.
- Phat va ddt sach tin du cay trdng vu trudc vio thing 3/2009. Phun thudc
trii cd Bravo 480 SL vdi lugng 2,0 lit thudc/ha trudc khi lim dat 10 ngiy. Sau
khi cd
chit
tiln hanh xdi xio dit cho toi, va sach tan du cay cd dl
timg
ddng
roi dot.
* Thdi vu gieo: gieo ngay 4/6.
* Thdi dilm gieo: Khi dit dugc lam sach cd, tai xdp vi chieu sau do im dat
dat tii 40 cm trd len.
12
De tdi nghien ciru khoa hgc - 2009
CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN
BAC
* Mat do, khoang cich gieo: 6,0 van ciy/ha tuong
iing
khoing cich gieo
70x24 cm/cay.
* Lugng hat gidng: 6,5 kg/ha.
* Cich gieo: Gieo theo hing. Dung cudc bd hdc sau khoang 6-7 cm, thi
phan bdn
Idt
xudng hd, diing chin gat mot lap dat viia

dii
lap kin phin sau dd
y
F F
gieo hat bdng rdi lip mot lap dat mdng
(2-3
cm) cho kin hat bdng.
* Cham sdc:
- Dam, tia dinh cay:
+ Sau gieo 7-10 ngiy kiem tra rugng md hinh, hdc nio khdng mgc phii
dam bang hat ngay khi dit cdn im de dim bio mat do ciy.
+ Khi cay bdng cd 4 li that (khoing 25 - 30 ngiy sau gieo) tiln hinh
kiem tra, hdc nio cd 2 cay thi nhd bd, chi de mdi hdc
1
ciy.
- Lam cd, xdi xio :
-I-
Lan
1:
sau gieo 25 - 30 ngiy. Tiln hinh lim cd, xdi xio ket hgp bdn
^
F
phan thiic lan
1
va vun gdc.
+ Lan 2: sau gieo 40 - 45 ngiy. Lam cd, xdi xio ket hgp bdn phin thiic
lan 2 vi vun gdc.
+ Lin 3: Lim cd bd sung
kit
hgp bdn phin thiic bd sung dl dim bio

rugng bdng sach cd va tdt deu.
- Bdn phan: Lugng phan bdn theo dinh
miic 107N:30P205:9K20
tuong
iing
vdi lugng phan 300 kg NPK Lam Thao
5-10-3
vi 200 kg dam ure/ha. Bdn lim
3 dot:
-K
Dgt
1:
bdn lot trudc khi gieo hat
100%
phan NPK.
-I-
Dot 2: sau gieo 25 - 30 ngay, bdn thiic 40% lugng phan dam.
13
De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
+ Dot 3: sau gieo 40 - 45 ngay, bdn thiic lugng phin dam cdn lai.
- Bim nggn: Khi cay bdng dat 6 - 8 cinh qui tiln hinh bim nggn thin
chinh.
* Phdng trii sau benh:
- Riy xanh: Giai doan 60 - 70 ngiy tudi, nlu riy xanh xuat hien vi giy hai
^
>

d cap 2 thi phun trir bing thudc Actara 25 WG, lilu lugng phun gap
1,5
lan lieu
F
lugng khuyen cio.
- Benh ddm chiy li: Phun phdng bing thudc Anvil 5 SC vio giai doan cay
bong dat 70 - 80 ngay
hidi.
* Thu hoach: qui bdng nd
din
dau thu hoach ngay
din
dd, khdng dl bi mua
lim thdi qui, bdng bi ving vi inh hudng
din
chit lugng xa.
3.3.4. Mo
hinh
bon phdn, trdng ddy, sie dung thuoc trie co vd
bdm
ngon tren
gidng
KN06-8
- Ndi dung:
+ Dia dilm triln khai: Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi.
-I-
Dien tich: 1,0 ha/md hinh.
+ Md hinh cd ip
dimg
mot sd bien phip ky thuat da dugc dl xuit

ciia
dl
tii nam trudc.
- Quy trmh ky thuit thuc hien md hinh:
* Chgn dit va lam dit:
- Dat ddi cd do ddc dudi 10°, thoit
nude
tdt, tang canh tic diy tren 30cm,
mau nau xim.
- Phit va ddt sach tan du cay trdng vu trudc vio thing 3/2009. Phun thudc
tru cd Bravo 480 SL vdi lugng 2,0 lit thudc/ha trudc khi lim dit 10 ngiy. Sau
14
De tdi nghien
cuu
khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
khi
cd chet tien hanh xdi xio dat cho tai, va sach tin du ciy cd de timg ddng
>
F
rdi dot.
* Thdi vu gieo: gieo ngay 5/6.
* Thdi diem gieo: Khi dit dugc lim sach cd, toi xdp vi chieu siu do im dat
dat tir 40 cm trd len.
* Mat do, khoing cich gieo: 6,0 van ciy/ha tuong
iing
khoing cich gieo

70x24 cm/cay.
* Lugng hat gidng: 6,5 kg/ha.
* Cich gieo: Gieo theo hing. Dung cudc bd hdc sau khoing 6-7 cm, thi
phan bdn lot xudng hd, diing chin gat mot
Idp
dit vua
dii
lap kin phin sau dd
gieo hat bdng rdi lip mot lap dit mdng
(2-3
cm) cho kin hat bdng.
* Cham sdc:
- Dam, tia dinh cay:
+ Sau gieo 7-10 ngiy kilm tra rugng md hinh, hdc nao khdng mgc phii
dam bing hat ngay khi dat cdn am de dim bio mat do ciy.
+ Khi cay bdng cd 4 li that (khoing 25 - 30 ngiy sau gieo) tiln hinh
kilm tra, hdc nao cd 2 ciy thi nhd bd, chi dl mdi hdc 1 ciy.
- Phun thudc trii cd, xdi xio :
-I-
Lan
1:
sau gieo 20 - 25 ngiy. Tiln hanh phun thudc
trir
cd Bravo 480
SL,
lugng phun 2,0 lit thudc/ha. Phun udt
diu
cd trong rugng bdng. Sau 7 - 10
ngay cd
chit hit

thi tiln hinh xdi xio
kit
hgp bdn phan thiic lin
1
vi vun gdc.
+ Lan 2: sau gieo 50-55 ngay. Tiln hanh phun thudc trir cd Bravo 480
SL,
lugng phun 2,0 lit thudc/ha. Phun udt
diu
cd trong rugng bdng. Sau 7 - 10
ngay cd
chit hit
thi tiln hinh xdi xao vi vun gdc.
15
De tdi nghien
cieu
khoa hgc - 2009
CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN
BAC
- Bdn phan: Lugng phan bdn theo dinh
miic 117N:50P205:15K2O
tuong img vdi
lugng phan 500
kg
NPK Lam Thao
5-10-3
vi 200 kg dam ure/ha. Bdn lim
3

dot:
+ Dgt
1:
bdn lot trudc khi gieo hat
100%
phin NPK.
+ Dgt 2: sau gieo 30-35 ngay, bdn thiic 30% lugng phan dam.
+ Dgt 3: sau gieo 50 - 55 ngay, bdn thiic lugng phan dam cdn lai.
- Bam nggn: Khi cay bdng dat 6 - 8 canh qui tiln hinh bam nggn than chinh.
* Phdng tru sau benh:
- Riy xanh: Giai doan 60 - 70 ngiy tudi, nlu ray xanh xuit hien vi giy hai
d cip 2 thi phun trii bing thudc Actara 25 WG, lilu lugng phun gip 1,5 lin lilu
lugng khuyin cio.
- Benh ddm chiy li: Phun phdng bing thudc Anvil 5 SC vio giai doan ciy
bdng dat 70 - 80 ngay
hidi.
* Thu hoach: qua bdng nd
din
dau thu hoach ngay
din
dd, khdng dh bi mua
lam thdi qui, bdng bi ving vi inh hudng
din
chit lugng xa.
3.4. Cac
chi
tieu theo doi
- Cac chi tieu vl sinh trudng, hinh thii, nang suat dugc quan
trie
theo

phuang phip thdng dung theo quy dinh cua nginh bdng.
^
F
- Thdi gian sinh trudng qua cic giai doan (ngiy) : sd ngiy tir khi gieo den
50%
cd sd cay nd qua (Tl) vi tan thu (T2).
- Chilu rgng tan (cm): Do khi cd 50% qui nd vi hen cap cinh qui dii nhit.
- Cic chi tieu sd canh qui, cinh
due,
cinh vugt, sd qui: mdi d tiln hinh
theo doi tren 20 cay cd dinh d 2 hing giira mdi d thi nghiem.
Dim
sd qui vao
giai doan 50%
s6
cay cd qui diu tien nd.
- Danh gii
miic
do sau benh hai:
16
De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
+ Ray xanh (Amrasca
devastans):
dinh gii vio giai doan ciy bdng
dat 60 ngay tudi. Chi tieu dinh gii gdm mat do
con/100

li vi cip hai. Dinh gii
cap ray hai theo tieu chuin
ciia
nginh bdng nhu sau:
• Cap 0: Ciy (li) khdng bi hai
r
t
• Cip
1:
Li chdm cong vi cd bieu hien bi hai
• Cip 2:
1/3
sd li tren ciy bi cong vi cd bieu hien ving
• Cap 3: 2/3 sd li tren ciy bi cong vi chuyen miu ving
• Cap 4: Toin bg li bi cong, ving vi chdm chiy
• Cap 5: Li bi cong nhieu vi chuyen miu ving dd
+Benh ddm chiy li {Macrosporium sp.) vi thdi qui (Fusarium sp.):
danh gii vio giai doan ciy bdng dat 90 ngiy tudi. Chi tieu dinh gii gdm ty le benh
(TLB) vi chi sd benh (CSB). Dinh gii cap benh vi tinh ty le benh, chi sd benh
theo tieu chuin
ciia
nginh bdng nhu sau:
* Cip benh:
• Cap 0: Cay khdng bi benh
• Cip 1:
1-5%
dien tich li bi benh
• Cap 2:
>5-15%
dien tich li bi benh, hoac <5% dien tich li bi

benh vi 5% sd qui thdi do benh.
• Cap 3: >15-30% dien tich li bi benh, hoac
5-15%
dien tich li bi
benh va
10%
sd qui thdi do benh.
• Cap 4: >30-50% dien tich li bi benh, hoac 15 -30% dien tich li
bi benh vi
15%
sd qui thdi do benh.
• Cap 5: >50% dien tich li bi benh, hoac 30-50% dien tich li bi
benh va 20% sd qui thdi do benh.
17
De tdi nghien
cuu
khoa hgc
-
2009 CTY
CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
* Tinh ty le benh vi chi sd benh (%):
TLB{%) = 4x100
(%) ;
C55(%) =
2=L^
^ i
QQ
(%)
B

B.K
Trong do: A - Tdng sd miu bi benh.
B - Tdng sd miu dieu tra.
^ /^
F
a - So cay bi benh d mdi cip.
n -
Tri
sd cip benh tuong
iing
vdi sd cay a.
'
F
L
- Tong so.
K - Tri sd dai dien cip benh cao nhat.
+ Benh xanh lun: dinh gii vio giai doan 60 ngiy sau gieo. Chi tieu
dinh gii la ty le cay bi benh. Theo ddi, dinh gii tren toin bg sd cay
ciia
d thi
nghiem.
F
F F 'y
- Mat do cay cudi vu : dem sd ciy/m vio giai doan trudc khi thu
hoach lin
thii
nhit.
- Khdi lugng qui: mdi d thu 50 qui dai dien de xic dinh khdi lugng qui.
- Nang suat thuc thu: tdng lugng bdng hat thu dugc sau mdi lin thu
hoach, phai khd va can xic dinh nang suit d rdi quy ra nang suit bdng hat tren

1 hecta.
- Hieu qui kinh te
ciia
cic cdng thiic thi nghiem: tinh toin tdng chi phi
diu tu
ciia
mdi cdng thiic thi nghiem vi md hinh. Bao gdm chi phi vat tu, cdng
lao ddng, chi phi phit sinh khic; tdng thu tu mdi d thi nghiem vi md hinh sau
dd xic dinh hieu qui kinh te.
3.5.
Phuong phap canh tac trong cac thi nghiem
F F
r
^
- Cic
thi
nghiem dugc bd tri tren dit dai dien cho viing sin xuat vi trong dieu
kien phu thudc
nude
trdi hoin toin. Dit cd dia hinh hoi ddc, cd miu niu den, thit
pha cit, di, sdi, thanh phan co gidi trung bmh - nhe, tang canh tic
tir
30 - 40 cm.
- Dit sau khi lim sach cd tien hanh xdi xio nhe, trdi mua du im tien hinh
gieo hat.
18
De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc
-
2009
CTY

CP.
BONG MIEN BAC
- Bdn
Idt
toan bd phan NPK Lim thao. Bdn thiic bing phin dam ure vio
giai doan 30 - 45 ngiy tudi (30% lugng dam) vi 60 ngiy tudi (70% lugng dam
cdn lai).
3.6. Phuong phap xu ly so
lieu
sd
lieu thi nghiem thu thap dugc tinh toin vi
xii
ly thdng ke tren miy
tinh vdi phin
mim
chuyen dung MSTATC vi chuong trinh Microsoft
Exel
5.0.
4.
KET QUA VA
THAO
LUAN
4.1.
Dac diem thdi tiet khi hau cua huyen Mudng Lat - Thanh Hoa nam 2009
So vdi nam 2008, nam 2009 li nam thdi tilt cd nhilu thuan
Igi
vl mua
- '
y
f

va do am. Vi vay cic
thi
nghiem deu dugc trien khai kip thdi vu vi ciy bdng
sinh trudng phit triln khi thuin
Igi.
Bing 1: Mot sd ylu td khi tugng chinh tir thing 4 den thing
11
nam 2009
\\Cac
ylu to
^V
Thang
\.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
tai
Luang mua
trung binh
(mm)
11,3
102,2
99,6
131,9
89,8

199,7
210,5
112,2
Mudng Lit Thanh Hoi
So ngay
mua Nhiet
do
trung
(ngay)
4
8
12
14
9
16
19
13
binh
Cc)
26,3
26,6
27,1
27,7
27,4
26,3
24,7
21,2
Do am
tuong doi
trung binh

(%)
82,2
84,1
84,1
84,8
84,3
82,7
81,9
78,5
Nguon:
Tram thuy vdn huy$n
Muang Lat
- Thanh Hod
F
r
So lieu bing 2 cho thiy:
- Lugng mua: So vdi dien bien mua
ciia
cic nam trudc thi nim 2009 d
Mudng Lit lugng mua trung binh cic thing cd
sir
bien ddng khdng
Idn.
Diu mua
mua (thing 5, 6) lugng mua trung binh dat
102,2
- 99,6 mm, mua khdng
Idn
vi
viia

dii
do im trong dat nen thdi diem gieo trdng khi thuin
Igi.
Thing 8 lugng mua
19