TP1

Introduction to XML
Chapter 1
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 2 of 35
Chapter Objectives -1

Discuss markup language

List and explain drawbacks of HTML

Discuss the architecture of XML documents

List the benefits of XML

Discuss Parser
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 3 of 35
Chapter Objectives -2

Build a complete XML Document:

Character Data

Comments

Processing Instructions

Entities

General Entities

Parameter Entities


The DOCTYPE Declarations
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 4 of 35
History of Markup
Documents recorded
using paper and pen
Typesetters formatting
documents
Tools used by typesetters
to format a document
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 5 of 35
Markup Language

A Markup language defines the rules that help to add
meaning to the content and structure of documents.

They are classified as:

Stylistic Markup – It determines the presentation of the
document

Structure Markup – It defines the structure of the
document

Semantic Markup – It determines the content of the
document
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 6 of 35
SGML

Generalized Markup Language (GML) is
the system of formatting documents.


GML was fine-tuned and came to be known
as Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML).

SGML is the source of origin of all markup
languages
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 7 of 35
Features of SGML

It describes markup language, which allows
authors to create their own tags that relate
to their content.

It needs a separate file that will contain all
the rules for the language, for its
interpretation

A SGML application is markup language
derived from SGML.
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 8 of 35
HTML

HTML is the most famous markup language
derived from SGML.

It was created to mark up technical papers so that
they could be transferred across different platforms
for the scientific community.


It is now also used by those non-scientific users
who are concerned about their document’s
presentation.
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 9 of 35
Drawbacks of HTML

Fixed tag set

Presentation technology does not relate to the
contents

It is flat

Clogging

HTML is not international

Data interchange is impossible

Does not have a robust linking mechanism

HTML is not reusable
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 10 of 35
HTML and XML code Examples
<UL>
<LI> TOM CRUISE
<UL>
<LI> CLIENT ID : 100
<LI> COMPANY : XYZ Corp.
<LI> Email :

<LI> Phone : 3336767
<LI> Street Adress: 25th
St.
<LI> City : Toronto
<LI> State : Toronto
<LI> Zip : 20056
</UL>
</UL>
<Details>
<CONTACT>
<PERSON_NAME>TOM CRUISE
</PERSON_NAME>
<ID> 100 </ID>
<Company>XYZ Corp. </Company>
<Email> </Email>
<Phone> 3336767 </Phone>
<Street> 25th St. </Street>
<City> Toronto </City>
<State> Toronto </State>
<ZIP> 20056 </ZIP>
</CONTACT>
</Details>
HTML Code
XML Code
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 11 of 35
XML -1

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language.

It overcomes all the drawbacks of HTML.


It allows the user to define their own set of tags, and
also makes it possible for others (people or programs)
to understand it.

It is more flexible than HTML.

It inherits the features of SGML and combines it with
the features of HTML.

It is a smaller version of SGML.
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 12 of 35
XML -2

XML is a metalanguage and it describes other
languages.

The data contained in an XML file can be displayed
in different ways.

It can also be offered to other applications for
further processing.

Style sheets help transform structured data into
different HTML views. This enables data to be
displayed on different browsers.
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 13 of 35
XML Architecture - 1

XML supports three-tier architecture for handling

and manipulating data.

It can be generated from existing databases using a
scalable three-tier model.

XML tags represent the logical structure of data
that can be interpreted and used in various ways by
different applications.

The middle-tier is used to access multiple databases
and translate data into XML.
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 14 of 35
XML Architecture -2
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 15 of 35
XML – A Universal data format

HTML is a single markup language, but XML is a
family of markup languages.

Any type of data can be easily defined in XML.

XML is popular because it supports a wide range of
applications and is easy to use.

XML has a structured data format, which allows it
to store complex data
Core XML / Chapter 1 / Slide 16 of 35
Benefits of XML

The three-tier architecture has easier

scalability and better security.

The benefits of XML are classified into the
following:

Business benefits

Technological benefits