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visual c-sharp programming basics

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VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
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VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
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Genera l " Requirements"
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If"you"ar e"interested"in"some"specific"part"of"this"t utorial,"c heck"out"the"tabl e"of"contents"on "
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Quick"S t art"–"Your"first"a pplicatio n"
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Step"1"–"Creatin g"the"project"
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Step"2"–"Designin g"the"form"
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How$To:$Click$on$an$empty$space$on$the$form,$change$the$form’s$text$property$to$“Calculator”.$
Step"3"–"Debugging"the"application "
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;!

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namespace Calculator
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

}
}
}!
!
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+*+-%%.!9+'!70'&00/!8+,%.!7,-80*!Q+*'!%);0!)/!b-<-!-/1!HccN!
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Note:$In$C#,$two$slashes$(//)$represents$the$beginning$of$a$comment.$A$comment$is$a$piece$of$code$that$is$not$
executed$by$the$compiler,$it$is$used$to$help$you$organize$you$code,$and$so$that$other$programmers$will$
understand$what$every$piece$of$code$means.$We$will$use$comments$inside$our$codes$for$better$explanation.$
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double val1, val2; //We declare two double type variables

//We assign to the first variable the value of the text box
//Since the text box cand hold a string, it must be converted
//to a double to assign it to "val1".
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VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
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//Note that we assign using “=” as an operator

val1 = Double.Parse(textBox1.Text);
//Double.Parse("string") converts the string put into the brackets
//and assigns it to a double

//Same thing for the second variable
val2 = Double.Parse(textBox2.Text);

//Now we are doing the exact oposite, we take the two
//double values and we convert their sum to a string
//using the .ToString() command
textBox3.Text = (val1 + val2).ToString();!
!
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#$!-!7+''#/N!
!

Step"5"–"Publishing " y o u " a p p lication"
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Note:$Check$out$the$“Advanced$Visual$C#$Programming”$tutorial$once$you$finish$this$one.$$
Underst anding"Visual"C#""
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val1 = Double.Parse(textBox1.Text);!
!
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val1 = textBox1.Text;!
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variable = control.property;
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textBox3.Text = (val1 + val2).ToString();!
!
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L#+!8-/!1#!'(0!*-30!'()/2!&)'(!7+''#/*=!Q+*'!8%)8;!#/!-!7+''#/=!-/1!8(-/20!)'*!/-30!9,#90,'.N!O'!)*!
,08#330/101!'(-'!.#+!,0/-30!.#+,!7+''#/*!*#!'(-'!.#+!;/#&!&(-'!0-8(!#$!'(03!1#0*N!
Events"and"classe s"
A(0/!.#+!1#+7%0!8%)8;!-!7+''#/=!.#+!-,0!-+'#3-')8-%%.!,01),08'01!'#!.#+,!8#10!&(0,0!-!/0&!$+/8')#/!
-990-,*N!"(-'!$+/8')#/!&)%%!70!0K08+'01!&(0/!.#+!8%)8;!'(0!7+''#/N!L#+!8-/!,+/!-/.!#'(0,!$+/8')#/!&(0/!
.#+!8%)8;!'(0!7+''#/=!-%%!.#+!(-<0!'#!1#!8(-/20!'(0!0<0/'!'(-'!#88+,*!&(0/!.#+!8%)8;!)'N!"#!1#!'(-'=!2#!'#!)'*!
9,#90,'.!&)/1#&=!-/1!8%)8;!#/!'(0!RJ<0/'*T!7+''#/!: ?N!V/!'(0!%0$'!*)10!#$!'(0!'-7%0!'(-'!Q+*'!-990-,01!
70%%#&!.#+!&)%%!*00!'(0!0<0/'*=!-/1!#/!'(0!,)2('!*)10!.#+!&)%%!*00!&(-'!(-990/*!:A(-'!$+/8')#/!)*!
0K08+'01?!&(0/!'(-'!0<0/'!#88+,*N!
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-+'#3-')8-%%.!&,)''0/!$#,!.#+!&(0/!.#+!1#+7%058%)8;!'(0!7+''#/N!V$!8#+,*0=!'(0!*-30!$+/8')#/!8-/!70!
0K08+'01!/#!3-''0,!&(-'!0<0/'!#88+,*=!$#,!0K-39%0=!2#!'#!'(0!MouseHover!0<0/'=!-/1!'.90!button1_Click!
'#!)'*!%0$'N!U,#3!/#&=!.#+!1#/W'!(-<0!'#!8%)8;!'(0!7+''#/=!-%%!.#+!(-<0!'#!1#!)*!9%-80!'(0!8+,*#,!-7#<0!)'!-/1!
'(0!button1_Click!$+/8')#/!&)%%!,+/=!-11)/2!'(0!'&#!/+370,*N!
L#+!8-/!-%*#!108%-,0!-!/0&!$+/8')#/!'#!1#!'(0!Q#7=!-/1!8-%%!)'!&(0/!.#+!8%)8;!'(0!7+''#/N!".90!*#30&(0,0!
70%#&!'(0!button1_Click3$+/8')#/4!
double AddNumbers(double val1, double val2)
{

}!
!
"()*!)*!(#&!&0!108%-,0!-!/0&!$+/8')#/!)/!HIN!"(0!8#,,08'!*./'-K!)*4!
10"
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
!
value_returened function_name(parameter_type parameter_name)
{
code
}!
!

"(0!AddNumbers3$+/8')#/!&)%%!,0'+,/!'(0!*+3!#$!'(0!'&#!/+370,*N!".90!)/*)10!'(0!'&#!8+,%.!7,-80*4!
return val1 + val2;!
!
RreturnT!)*!+*01!'#!*908)$.!&(-'!<-%+0!'(0!$+/8')#/!&)%%!,0'+,/!&(0/!)'!)*!8-%%01N!"#!8-%%!'()*!$+/8')#/=!10%0'0!
'(0!8#10!)/!'(0!button1_Click3$+/8')#/!-/1!'.904!
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
double val1 = double.Parse(textBox1.Text);
double val2 = double.Parse(textBox2.Text);
textBox3.Text = AddNumbers(val1, val2).ToString();
}!
!
@*!.#+!8-/!*00=!&0!8-/!-**)2/!-!<-%+0!'#!-!<-,)-7%0!&(0/!&0!108%-,0!)'N!A0!+*01!'(0!AddNumbers!$+/8')#/!
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Form13
Z+''#/!)*!8%)8;01!
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d!
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return3<-%]c<-%d!
!
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
11#
!

S#'0!(#&!'(0!button1_Click3$+/8')#/!9-**0*!'(0!<-%+0*!'#!'(0!AddNumbers3-/1!'(0/!-**)2/*!'(03!'#!'(0!
'(),1!'0K'!7#KN!
Y07+2!.#+,!-99%)8-')#/!-/1!.#+!&)%%!/#')80!'(-'!)'!&)%%!&#,;N!"(0!70*'!9-,'!)/!+*)/2!$+/8')#/!'#!1#!.#+,!Q#7!
)*!'(-'!.#+!8-/!+*0!'(03!3+%')9%0!')30*!&)'(#+'!.#+!(-<)/2!'#!&,)'0!'(0!*-30!8#10!-%%!#<0,!-2-)/N!
O$!.#+!(-<0!'##!3-/.!$+/8')#/*=!.#+!*#+,80!8#10!3)2('!20'!,0-%%.!8,#&101N!O/!'()*!8-*0!.#+!3)2('!&-/'!'#!
8,0-'0!-!8%-**!'#!(#%1!-%%!#$!'(03!)/!#/0!9%-80N!!
"#!8,0-'0!-!8%-**!)/!.#+,!9,#Q08'=!,)2('!8%)8;!#/!.#+,!9,#Q08'!)8#/!)/!'(0!RM#%+')#/!JK9%#,0,T!-/1!-11!-!/0&!
8%-**4!
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S-30!)'!RH-%8+%-'#,N8*TN!V/80!.#+!8,0-'0!)'=!)'!&)%%!-990-,!)/!'(0!*#%+')#/!0K9%#,0,=!)'!&)%%!-+'#3-')8-%%.!
#90/=!-/1!.#+!&)%%!(-<0!'()*4!
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Calculator
{
class Calculator
{

}
}
!
O/*)10!'(0!8%-**=!8+'D9-*'0!'(0!AddNumbers!$+/8')#/=!-/1!8(-/20!'(0!$#%%#&)/2!%)/04!
public double AddNumbers(double val1, double val2)
!!
A0!'.901!RpublicT!70$#,0!108%-,)/2!'(0!$+/8')#/!*#!&0!8-/!+*0!)'!#+'*)10!'()*!8%-**N!
S#&=!2#!7-8;!'#!RU#,3]N8*T!-/1!108%-,0!'(0!8%-**!,)2('!#/!'#9!#$!'(0!Main!$+/8')#/4!
Calculator Calc = new Calculator();!

!
12"
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
!
"(0!8#,,08'!*./'-K!)*4!!
ClassName WhatNameYouWantToUse = new ClassName();!
!
S#&!'(-'!&0!108%-,01!'(0!8%-**=!&0!/001!'#!+*0!'(0!$+/8')#/!$,#3!)'!/-301!RAddNumbersTN!"#!1#!'(-'=!
8(-/20!'(0!$#%%#&)/2!%)/0!#$!'(0!button1_Click!$+/8')#/4!
textBox3.Text = Calc.AddNumbers(val1, val2).ToString();
!
"()*!& =!.#+!8-/!+*0!'(0!8%-**!#/!3+%')9%0!$#,3*N!
Homework:$Make$a$new$button$and$a$new$function$named$“MultiplyNumbers”,$and$make$it$multiply$the$two$
numbers$when$the$button$is$pressed.$
Note:$to$multiply$two$numbers$in$C#,$you$can$use$the$“*”$operator.$(“O$to$subtract,$and$\$to$divide”).$
",.!1#)/2!)'!7.!.#+,*0%$!70$#,0!,0-1)/2!'(0!8#10N!
Code:3
Calculator.cs!
public double MultiplyNumbers(double val1, double val2)
{
return val1 * val2;
}!
3
Form1.cs3
!
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
double val1 = double.Parse(textBox1.Text);
double val2 = double.Parse(textBox2.Text);
textBox3.Text = Calc.MultiplyNumbers(val1, val2).ToString();

}!
!
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
13#
!
Solution s"and"Pr ojects"
O'!)*!')30!'#!%0-,/!(#&!'(0!*#%+')#/!0K9%#,0,!&#,;*N!!
File"types"
@%%!.#+!(-<0!'#!8-,0!-7#+'!)/!'(0!*#%+')#/!0K9%#,0,!-,0!'(0!$#,3*=!
8%-**0*!-/1!,0$0,0/80*N!!
The3forms!(-<0!'(0!$#%%#&)/2!)8#/4! !-/1!'(0.!-,0!-8'+-%%.!-!
8#%%08')#/!#$!'&#!8%-**0*=!#/0!(-/1%0*!'(0!10*)2/!7+'!.#+!1#/W'!
&,)'0!)/!'(-'!$)%0=!)/*'0-1!.#+!-,,-/20!'(0!8#/',#%!+*)/2!'(0!
10*)2/0,!'(-'!&,)'0*!'(0!8#10!7.!)'*0%$!)/!'(0!10*)2/0,!8%-**=!-/1!
'(0!#'(0,!#/0!)*!'(0!8#10!8%-**N![)2('58%)8;)/2!#/!'(0!$#,3!)8#/!
&)%%!2)<0!.#+!'(0!#9')#/!'#!#90/!0)'(0,!'(0!8#10!#,!'(0!10*)2/0,N!
The3classes!(-<0!'(0!$#%%#&)/2!)8#/4! !-/1!'(0.!-,0!Q+*'!
)/1090/10/'!$)%0*!&)'(!8#10N!RC,#2,-3W*T!)*!'(0!3-)/!8%-**!#$!
.#+,!9,#Q08'=!-/1!.#+!3+*'!/#'!3#1)$.!)'N!
The3references!-,0!-%%!)/*)10!'()*!$#%10,4! =!-/1!'(0.!+*+-%%.!,09,0*0/'!'(0!9)080*!#$!'(0!NSJ"!
U,-30&#,;!'(-'!.#+!-,0!+*)/2N!@%*#=!)$!.#+!-,0!+*)/2!-/.!#'(0,!8%-**!%)7,-,.!)'!&)%%!-990-,!'(0,0N!
Resources!+*+-%%.!,09,0*0/'!'(0!)3-20*!'(-'!.#+!)39#,'01!)/'#!.#+,!9,#Q08'N!"(0.!8-/!70!$#+/1!-%%!)/!'()*!
$#%10,4! N!
File"system"
!L#+!3)2('!-*;!.#+,*0%$!-$'0,!.#+!&#,;!-'!-/!-99%)8-')#/!RA(0,0!0K-8'%.!)*!3.!-99%)8-')#/^TN!"#!$)/1!'(0!
0K08+'-7%0!8,0-'01!-*!-!,0*+%'!#$!.#+!7+)%1)/2!.#+,!9,#Q08'=!2#!'#!.#+,!1#8+30/'*!$#%10,*=!)/!RE)*+-%!M'+1)#!
dgghT!:Y090/1)/2!#/!'(0!<0,*)#/!.#+!(-<0?!-/1!2#!'#4!!
C,#Q08'*DiC,#Q08'!S-30jDiC,#Q08'!S-30jD7)/DY07+2DiC,#Q08'!S-30jN0K0!
Other"p roject"ty pes"
"()*!8(-9'0,!)*!/#'!'(-'!)39#,'-/'!-/1!.#+!8-/!*;)9!)'!)$!.#+!-,0!/#'!)/'0,0*'01!)/!#'(0,!'.90*!#$!9,#Q08'*N!

Windows"
@*!.#+!(-<0!/#')801!&(0/!.#+!8,0-'01!-!/0&!9,#Q08'=!'(0,0!-,0!3-/.!#'(0,!'.90*!#$!9,#Q08'*N!"()*!)*!&(-'!
&0!(-<0!)/!'(0!A)/1#&*!8-'02#,.4!
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-!+*0,!)/'0,$-80N!V/!'(0!#'(0,!(-/1=!'(0!RH#/*#%0!@99%)8-')#/T!)*!-!*)39%0!HI!-99%)8-')#/!9,#Q08'!&)'(#+'!
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14"
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
!
"(0!RH%-**!X)7,-,.T!)*!-8'+-%%.!-!9,#Q08'!$+%%!#$!8%-**0*N!V/80!.#+!8#39)%0!'(0!9,#Q08'=!.#+!&)%%!0/1!+9!&)'(!-!
RNYXXT!$)%0!:Y./-3)8!X)/;!X)7,-,.?N!L#+!8-/!-11!'(-'!$)%0!-*!-!,0$0,0/80!'#!.#+,!9,#Q08'!*#!.#+!8-/!+*0!'(0!
8%-**0*!)/*)10!'(0!%)7,-,.N!
"(0!#'(0,!9,#Q08'!'.90*!-,0!-1<-/801!-/1!.#+!&)%%!%0-,/!&(-'!'(0.!-,0!2##1!$#,!-'!'(0!,)2('!')30N!
Web"
"(0,0!-,0!-%*#!#'(0,!8-'02#,)0*!#$!E)*+-%!HI!9,#Q08'!'.90*4!
A07!9,#Q08'*!f!"(0*0!-,0!$#,!@MCNSJ"!A07!Y0<0%#90,*4!
!
Silverlight"
M)%<0,%)2('!10<0%#930/'!f!O/!8-*0!.#+!&-/'!'#!9,#2,-3!M)%<0,%)2('!-99%)8-')#/*4!
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XNA"Games"
@%*#=!%-*'!7+'!/#'!%0-*'=!BS@!9,#Q08'*!$#,!2-3053-;)/2!+*)/2!HI4!
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U#,!'(0!%-*'!'&#!9,#Q08'!8-'02#,)0*!.#+!3+*'!)/*'-%%!9%+25)/*N!Y#/W'!&#,,.=!'(0.!-,0!$,00!'#!1#&/%#-1!$,#3!
'(0!)/'0,/0'=!(#&!.#+!&)%%!%0-,/!'#!+*0!'(03!)*!'(0!7)220*'!9,#7%03N!
Setup"Projects"
O/!8-*0!.#+!(-<0!E)*+-%!M'+1)#!C,#$0**)#/-%!)/*'-%%01=!+/10,!RV'(0,!C,#Q08'!".90*T!)/!RM0'+9!-/1!
Y09%#.30/'T!.#+!(-<0!'()*4!
!

"(0!*0'+9!9,#Q08'!)*!'(0!0-*)0*'!& !'#!8,0-'0!-!1080/'!-/1!8+*'#3)_-7%0!*0'+9!$#,!.#+,!9,#Q08'N!
!
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!
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
15#
!
Visual"C#"Synta x"
"()*!8(-9'0,!&)%%!*(#&!.#+!*#30!7-*)8!HI!8#10!$#,!1#)/2!1)$$0,0/'!#90,-')#/*N!
Variables"&"Operations"
string MyString = "123456";
int MyInt = 24;
double MyDouble = 15.6;

MyString = "dav"; //Simple assigning
MyString = MyDouble.ToString(); //Double to string conversion;

//Int to string to double conversion
MyDouble = double.Parse(MyInt.ToString());
//This is because you need a sting between thos brackets.

MyInt = Int32.Parse(MyDouble.ToString());
//Same here;

MyInt += 1234;
//This is the += operation, that means you
//assign to "MyInt" MyInt + 1234;
//Equivalent: MyInt = MyInt + 1234;


MyDouble = double.Parse(MyInt.ToString()) + 15;!
!
Loops"
bool ok=true;
// boolean can hold true or false values
int i = 0;
//while do loop
while (ok==true)
{
i++; //This adds one unit to i
if (i==1000) ok=false;
}

//for loop
for (i=0; i<=1000; i++)
{
if (i == 5000) break; //break is used to end the loop
}!
!
Decisions"
//if then condition
int i = 4;
bool ok=false;
if (i / 2 == 2)
{
ok = true;
}
else
{
i++;

}

string String = "1234"; //Notice that C# is case-sensitive
16"
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
!

//This is the switch-case command
//it works like multiple if's
switch (String)
{
//This happens when no other value works
default: break;

//In CASE String is "12345", this is what happens
case "12345":
{
i=1;
break; //Always remember to break
}

case "412":
{
i = 4;
break;
}
}!
!
File"Operations"
using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO; //Notice how we are using the system IO for file operations

namespace Calculator
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string FilePath="C:\\Users\\Bubby\\Documents\\1234.txt";
//Remember to use \\ instead of \ because it will throw you an error

//Writing to files
StreamWriter Name = new StreamWriter(FilePath);
Name.WriteLine("First line");
Name.Write("Second line, but not ended");
Name.Close(); //NEVER forget to close

//Reading from files

StreamReader OtherName = File.OpenText(FilePath);
string Something = OtherName.ReadLine(); //Reading a line
string AllContent = OtherName.ReadToEnd(); //Reading everything to end
OtherName.Close();
}!
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
17#
!
Windows"Forms"Controls"
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2#)/2!'#!&#,;!#/!'(0!8-%8+%-'#,!9,#Q08'!+/')%!&0!,0-8(!*#30!8#/',#%!'(-'!&0!8-/W'!+*0!)/!*+8(!-!9,#Q08'N!
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*00!'(0!R@1<-/801!E)*+-%!HI!C,#2,-33)/2T!'+'#,)-%N!
Forms"
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3-)/!$#,3!)/!8-%8+%-'#,!/-301!RU#,3]T!)*!,0*)_-7%0=!0<0/!)$!)'!(-*!#/%.!e!8#/',#%*!)/!)'N!V/80!.#+!,0*)_0!)'=!)'!
%##;*!+2%.!*#!2#!'#!)'*!9,#90,')0*!)/!FormBorderStyle!-/1!8(-/20!)'!'#!RU)K01!M)/2%0TN!"()*!& !.#+!8-/W'!
,0*)_0!)'!-/.3#,0N!
J<0/!'(#+2(!.#+!8-/W'!,0*)_0!)'=!.#+!8-/!*')%%!3-K)3)_0!)'!:-//#.)/2=!)*/W'!)'^?!*#!2#!'#!)'*!MaximizeBox!
9,#90,'.!-/1!8(-/20!'(-'!'##!$-%*0N!
O/!8-*0!.#+!&-/'!'#!3-;0!-/1!-99%)8-')#/!&)'(!3+%')9%0!$#,3*=!2#!'#!.#+,!9,#Q08'=!,)2('!8%)8;!-/1!-11!-!
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M')%%=!'(0!$),*'!$#,3!'(-'!&)%%!#90/!)*!U#,3]!*#=!)$!.#+!&-/'!'#!#90/!'(0!#'(0,!$#,3=!3-;0!-!/0&!7+''#/=!-/1!
#/!)'*!Click!0<0/'!&,)'04!
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Form2 NewForm = new Form2();
NewForm.Show();
}!
!

V$!8#+,*0=!'()*!&#,;*!)/!8-*0!.#+,!$#,3!)*!/-301!RForm2T!-/1!.#+!8-/!/-30!'(0!<-,)-7%0!-$'0,!)'!'(0!& !
.#+!&-/'N!"()*!)*!Q+*'!%);0!108%-,)/2!-!8%-**N!
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3-)/!$#,3N!O$!.#+!Q+*'!&-/'!'#!()10!)'=!+*0!RHide();TN!
Labels"
X-70%*!-,0!Q+*'!9)080*!#$!'0K'!'(-'!.#+!9+'!#/!-!$#,3!'#!2+)10!'(0!+*0,N!O/!.#+,!RH-%8+%-'#,T!9,#Q08'=!1,-2!k!
%-70%*!#/!.#+,!$#,3N!U,#3!'(0!9,#90,'.!&)/1#&*!.#+!8-/!8(-/20!'(0),!8#%#,!:ForeColor?!'(0),!'0K'!:Text?=!
'(0),!-%)2/30/'!:TextAlign?=!$#/'!:Font?=!-/1!3-/.!3#,0>!
Check"Box"
@!8(08;!7#K!)*!+*+-%%.!+*01!'#!8(08;!)$!-/!#9')#/!)*!0/-7%01!#,!/#'N!O/!'()*!8-*0!&0!8-/!+*0!)'!'#!
0/-7%0D1)*-7%0!'(0!R@11T!7+''#/N!!
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8(-/201!-/1!'.904!
private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBox1.Checked == true)
{
button1.Enabled = true;
}
else
18"
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS#
!
{
button1.Enabled = false;
}
}!
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Combo"Boxes"
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private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
double val1 = double.Parse(textBox1.Text);
double val2 = double.Parse(textBox2.Text);
if (comboBox1.Text == "Add")
{

textBox3.Text = Calc.AddNumbers(val1, val2).ToString();
}
else
{
textBox3.Text = Calc.MultiplyNumbers(val1, val2).ToString();
}
}!
!
Link"Label"
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Picture"Box"
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Radio"Buttons"

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!
VISUAL"C#"PROGRAMMING"BASICS"
19#
!
Contents"
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