chương 2 khai thác và chế biến

Mining Methods
Mining Methods

D E S I G N , S E L E C T S C A L E & T E C H N O L O G Y
W A S T E
M A N A G E M E N T
C L O S U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
S E R V I C E S
H U M A N
R E S O U R C E S
F E A S I B I L I T Y ?
T E C H N I C A L
E C O N O M I C A L
N O
E N V I R O N M E N T A L
S O C I A L
P O L I T I C A L
N O
S U S T A I N A B L E
Y E S
P L A N & S C H E D U L E
S E L E C T M I N I N G ( M I L L I N G ) M E T H O D
L O C A T E & D E F I N E D E P O S I T
E X P L O R A T I O N



Mining is extracting
Mining is extracting
ore or minerals from
ore or minerals from
the ground
the ground

An ore is a natural
An ore is a natural
material with a high
material with a high
concentration of
concentration of
economically
economically
valuable minerals
valuable minerals
that can be mined
that can be mined
for a profit
for a profit

Quặng sắt (hệ tầng sắt phân dải)
Quặng vàng


There are two
There are two
main types of
main types of

mines.
mines.
1)
1)
Surface Mining
Surface Mining
(Placer)
(Placer)
2)
2)
Subsurface
Subsurface
Mining (Solution)
Mining (Solution)

Underground
Underground

Surface
Surface

Placer
Placer

Leaching/solution
Leaching/solution
Mining methods

What determines the type of
What determines the type of

mining?
mining?

Underground v.s. Surface Mining v.s.
Underground v.s. Surface Mining v.s.
Solution
Solution
–
Depth of below surface
Depth of below surface
–
Size of the ore body
Size of the ore body
–
Shape of the ore body
Shape of the ore body
–
Grade
Grade
–
Type of Ore
Type of Ore

/>
Shape of Ore Body


Mineral deposits are on or near the surface
Mineral deposits are on or near the surface
of the Earth and are removed.

of the Earth and are removed.

There are 3 types of surface mines:
There are 3 types of surface mines:
1.
1.
Open-pi
Open-pi
t: removes large, near surface
t: removes large, near surface
deposits of minerals such as gold and copper.
deposits of minerals such as gold and copper.
Mined downward in layers
Mined downward in layers
2.
2.
Quarries
Quarries
: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel
: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel
3.
3.
Strip Mining
Strip Mining
: removing surface coal in strips
: removing surface coal in strips
up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long
up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long

Surface

Surface

Strip
Strip

open pit
open pit

quarry
quarry


versus
versus


Minerals are located too deep for surface
Minerals are located too deep for surface
mining
mining

Shafts and passageways are dug into the
Shafts and passageways are dug into the
ground to reach the ores.
ground to reach the ores.

Type of Ore
Type of Ore

Is the ore mineral soluble in water?

Is the ore mineral soluble in water?

Can the ore be melted?
Can the ore be melted?

When do you use Surface Mining?
When do you use Surface Mining?

Large tonnage
Large tonnage

High rates of production
High rates of production

Overburden (including rock) is thin
Overburden (including rock) is thin

Strip Mining of Coal
Strip Mining of Coal
Kansas Geological Survey

Open Pit Mining
Open Pit Mining

Open-pit Mining
Open-pit Mining

Strip Mining
Strip Mining

Contour Strip Mining
Contour Strip Mining

Mountaintop Mining
Mountaintop Mining




machinery used in open-pit
machinery used in open-pit
mining
mining



Drilling in pit
Drilling in pit