Luận văn các giải pháp chủ yếu huy động vốn đầu tư phát triển hệ thống giao thông đường bộ trên địa bàn tỉnh hà tây đến năm 2010

568
DHKTQD



r

LOI NOI DAU........................................... 1

1. Tinh hap thiet cua de tai---------------------------------------------------------- 1
2. Muc di'ch nghien cdu caa luah van-------------------------------------------- 1
3. Pham vi, doi tddhg nghien cdu caa luah vah----------------------------------- 2
4. Phihonh ghhp nggihn h du--------------------------------------------------------- 2
5. Nhuhg dohg gon caa luah vah-------------------------------------------------- 2
6. Ket cPu caa luah vah------------------------------------------------------------- 3
CHUONG I : VAI TRO CUA HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO VOI PHAT

TRiEn KINH TE VA SU cAn THIET CUA VAN DE THU HUT VON dAu TU
PHAT TRIEN GIAO THONG DUONG BO.............................................................. 3
1.1. VAI TRO CUA HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO VOI PHAT

TRIEN KINH TE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
1.1.1. He thong giao thong dudng bo------------------------------------ 3
1.1.2. Vai tro cua he thong giao thong dudng bo-----------------------5

1.2. VON DAU TU'PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG

DUONG BO------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
1.2.1. Von dau tu va vai tro cua von dau tu------------------------------ 9
1.2.2. Dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong dudng bo-------------- 11
1.2.3. Nguon von dau tu va vai tro huy dong von dau tu------------- 14

1.3. StJCAN THIET CUA VAN DE THU HUT VON DAU TUVOI PHAT
TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO------------------------------------- 19

1.3.1. Nhu cau giao thong dudng bo ngay cang tSng----------------- 19

1.3.2. Thud trang xuong cap cua he thong giao thong dudng bo—21
1.4. MOT SO KINH NGHIEM HUY DONG VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN HE
THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO d DIA PHUONG KHAC—————22

1.4.1. Kinh nghiem huy dong von d Thanh Hoa----------------------- 23
1.4.2. Kinh nghiem huy dong von d Ha Nam---------------------------- 23
1.4.3. Nhdng kinh nghiem rut ra cho Ha Tay---------------------------- 24

CHUONG II :PHAN TICH THUC TRANG HUY DONG VON dAu TU PHAT
z?

z*

z*

A

z^

■?

A

z»

TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO TINH HA TAY
■A

A

THOI KY 1996 - 2001.............................................................................................. 2A
2.1. DAC DIEM TUNHIEN - KINH TE- XA HOI TINH HA TAY------------- 24
2.2. PHAN TICH THUC TRANG DAU TU'PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO
thong duOng bo tren

DIA

bAn tinh hA tay thoi

KX

1996 - 2001-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29


2.2.1. He thong giao thong dJOng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha Tay----- 29
2.2.2. Thdc trang dUu tJ von phat trien he thong giao thong dJOng bo
tren dia ban tinh Ha Tay thOi ky 1996 - 2001--------------------------- 30

2.3. PHAN TICH THU'C TRANG HUY DONG VON DAU TU'PHAT TRIEN

HE THONG GIAO THONG DUCNG BO TREN DIA BAN TINH HA TAY

TH Cl KY 1996 - 2001-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
2.3.1. Cac chhnn sach cCa tinn cc I ien quun hti huu dong von dau t t

phat trien dJOng bn thOi gian qua---------------------------------------- 41

2.3.2. Cd cau nguon von dau td phat trien he thong dJOng bo---- 41
2.4. DANH GlA THUNG KETQUA DATDUCC CUA VIEC HUY DONG

VON DAU TWPHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUCNG BO TREN
DIA BAN TINH HA TAY THdl KY 1996 - 2001------------------------------------- 50

2.4.1. Ket qua khai thac va huy dong cac nguon von---------------- 50
2.4.2. Ket qua duu tJ von------------------------------------------------- 50

2.4.3. Nhung han che trong viec huy dong von dUu tJ
thOi gian qua 52------------------------- ------------------------------------ 52

CHUONG III : CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU HUY DONG VON DAU TJ PHAT
TRI^N HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO TREN DIA BAN TINH HA TAY

DEN

NAM 2010................................................................................................ 55
3.1. NHU CAU V6N DAU TU’PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG
duCng bO trEn dia bAn tinh hA tAy den nAm

2010--------------- 55

3.1.1. CAN CCXAC DINH NHU CAU VON DAU TD---------------- 55

3.1.2. NHU CAU VON DAU TD------------------------------------------- 7
3.2. CAC GlAl PHAP CHU YEU HUY DONG TON DAU TtfPHAT TRIEN
hE thong giao thong duCng bo trEn dia bAn tinh hA tay

den

NAM 2010---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S

3.2.1. Quan diem huy dong von dUu tJ---------------------------------- 69
3.2.2. Cd cau huy dong vco hdu tu"-------------------------------------- 73
3.2.3. Cac giai phap huy dong von dUu tJ------------------------------ 75
3.2.4. Mot so kien nghi----------------------------------------------------- 97

PHAN KET LUAN----------------------- --98
DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ............................................... 99

PHU LUC ....................................................................... 101


Tac gid xin chan thanh cam an thay giao hudng dan Tien
sy Ngo Thang Lgi cung fap the cac thay cd giao Khoa Ke hoach

& Phat trien, Khoa Sau dai hoc tradng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan
Ha Noi,Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu ,Sd Giao thong van tai va Sd

Nong nghiep & PTNT Ha Tay ...da tan tinh giup dd va tao dieu
kien de tuan van nay dugc hoan thanh.

Luan van de cap den van de phuc tap ,vdi thdi gian

nghien cuu co han ,hon nua trong khuan kho mot iugn van Thac
sy kinh te khong the de cap dugc mot each day du va foan

dien noi dung cua van de, dong thdi cung kho tranh khoi nhung
thieu sot nhat dinh.Rat mong nhan dugc su gop y cua cac Thay

cd giao trong Hoi dong,cac vi dai bieu ...detuan van dugc hoan
thien han.
Xin chan thanh cam on.


DANH MUC BANG BlEU DUNG TRONG LUAN VAN.

1. Bang 1 : Khoi lifdng hang hoa van chuyen va luan chuyen tren dia
ban thdi gian qua.----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 9

2. Bang 2 : Khoi lifdng hanh khach van chuyen va luan chuyen tren dia
ban thdi gian qua----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0

3. Bang 3 : Cd cau kinh te tren dia ban-----------------------------------------2 8
4. Bang 4 : Thud hien von dau tifxay difng cd ban tren diabanthdi--31
5. Bang 5 : Cd cau dau tir von tren dia ban theo doi tudng-------------- 33
6. Bang 6 : Cd cau dau tu* von tren dia ban theo noi dung--------------- 38

7. Bang 7 : Cd cau nguon von dau tu* phat trien he thong giao thong
dudng bo tren dia ban thdi gian qua------------------------------ ------------- 4 2
8. Bang 8 : Ket qua thud hien giao thong nong thon thdi ky

1996 -2001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
9. Bang 9 : Khoi ludng va phan ky dau tu* phat trien dudng bo tren dia
ban den nSm 2010--------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

10. Bang 10 : Dinh mud gia thanh xay dung dtfdng bo dia ban Ha Tay

den nSm 2010-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 6

11. Bang 11 : Nhu cau va phan ky von dau tu" phat trien dudng bo tren
dia ban den nam 2010-------------------------------------------------------------- 6 7

12. Bang 12: Cd cau von dau tu* phat trien dudng bo tren dia ban den
nam 2010 theo nguon huy dong----------------------------------------------- 74

13. Bang 13 : Von dong gop cua dan chung theo nhan khau----------- 86
14. Bang 14 : Tong hdp von dong gop cua chu phudng tien van tai--87
15. Bang 15 : Tong hdp von dong gop cua cac doanh nghiep--------- 88


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

1

PHAN MO DAU
1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai :
Dau tu phat trien la loai hinh dau tu khong chi tang quy mo von cua ban

than nha dau tu ma con tang quy mo von tren toan xa hoi.No tao nen co so vat
chat cho nen kinh te,la nhan to quyet dinh den tang truong va dieu chinh co

cau kinh te.Chfnh vi vay ma dau tu phat trien la giai phap chu yeu trong viec
thuc hien cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cua quoc gia cung nhu cac dia
phuong.

Ha Tay la tinh nong nghiep,dat chat,nguoi dong,nen kinh te con nhieu

kho khan.Trong thOi gian qua,tinh da co nhieu co gang trong viec dau tu phat

trien co so ha tang ,trong do co he thong giao thong duOng bo,da dem lai

nhung ket qua nhat dinh .Tuy nhien do khoi luong von dau tu huy dong duoc
con thap nen co so ha tang noi chung va he thong giao thong duong bo noi
rieng con rat han che,chua dap ung duoc nhu cau phat trien tren dia ban trong
giai doan mdi.Trong dieu kien do ,van de thu hut von dau tu phat trien co so

ha tang luon duoc cac cap,cac nganh quan tam.Viec nghien cuu tim ra cac giai

phap huy dong von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo tren dia
ban duoc dat ra cap bach.
Xuat phat tu thuc te khach quan do, tac gia da lua chon de tai : “ Cac

giai phap chu yeu huy dong von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong
dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha tay den nam 2010” cho luan van thac sy kinh
te cua minh.

2. Muc dich nghien curu cua luan van :
Luan van duoc viet vdi cac muc dich chu yeu sau:

•

Lam ro vai tro cua he thong co so ha tang noi chung va he thong

giao thong duong bo noi rieng trong qua trinh phat trien kinh te va

su can thiet phai dua ra cac giai phap thu hut von dau tu phat trien he

thong giao thong duong bo tinh Ha Tay

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

2

• Danh gia thuc trang phat trien co sd ha tang dudng bo tinh va thuc

trang thu hut cac nguon von cho yeu cau phat trien he thong dudng
bo Ha tay thdi ky 1996-2001

• Gop phan dua ra cac giai phap chu yeu nham thu hut von dau tu phat

trien he thong giao thong dudng bo tinh Ha tay den nam 2010.
3. Pham vi,doi taong nghien curu cua luan van :

- Doi tuung nghien cuu: luan van tap trung nghien cuu toan bo he
thong giao thong dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha tay bao gom he thong dudng

bo va cau cong tren dudng quoc lo tren dia ban tinh.tinh lo .dudng giao thong

nong thon gom dudng true huyen .lien xa va dudng xa.thon xom.Luan van
khong di vao nghien cuu cac van de ve van tai va cac phuong tien van tai.

- Pham vi nghien cuu: tap trung nghien cuu thuc trang huy dong von
cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha Tay

giai doan 1996 - 2001 va de ra cac giai phap huy dong von den nam 2010.
4. Phutdng phap nghien curu :

Luan van su dung cac phuong phap nghien cUu pho bien nhu : phuong
phap duy vat bien chung.duy vat lich su.phuong phap he thong,phan tich,
thong ke .phuong phap so sanh .tong hqp..de xem xet .danh gia va de ra giai

phap nham thuc hien duoc cac muc tieu ma luan van da de ra.
5. Nhurng dong gop cua luan van :

•

He thong hoa cac van de ve vai tro cua he thong giao thong dudng

bo vdi phat trien kinh te va su tac dong qua lai giua hai van de nay

• Phan tich vai tro cua von dau tu trong phat trien he thong giao thong

dudng bo va cac nguon von dau tu dap ung.
•

He thong hoa nhu cau von dau tu cho phat trien giao thong dudng bo
tinh Ha Tay va quan diem dap ung nhu cau von dau tu trong den

nam 2010.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,guan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

3

• Dira ra nhung giai phap chu yeu nham thu hut von dau tu’ phat trie-n

he thong giao thong dudng bo tren dia ban ,tao didu kien vd cor sb vat

chat ha tang giao thong cho viec there hien cac muc tieu kinh te-xa

hoi tinh Ha tay den nam 2010.

6. Ket cau cua luan van :
Ngoai Idi noi dau, phan ket luan.va danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan

van diroc ket cau lam ba chtrong :
• Chuang I : Vai tro cua he thong giao thdng dudng bo voi phat

trien kinh te va sit can thiet cua van de thu hut von dau tu phat
trien he thong giao thdng dudng bo

• Chuang II: Phan tich thuc trang huy dong von dau tu phat trien
he thong giao thdng dudng bo tinh Ha Tay thdi ky 1996-2001

• Chuang III : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von dau tu phat

trien he thong giao thdng dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha Tay den
nam2010

CHUONG I : VAI TRO CUA HE THONG GIAO THONG
DUONG BO VOI PHAT TRIEN KINH TE VA Sl/CAN THIET

■

■

CUA VAN DE THU HUT VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN GIAO

THONG DUONG BO
1.1. VAI TRO CUA HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO
1.1.1. He thdng giao thdng dudng bo .

Giao thong van tai la mot nganh dich vu san xuat ,1a sir lien tuc cua qua
trinh san xuat trong ltru thdng.Giao thong van tai co nhidu hinh thuc nhu giao

thdng van tai dudng sdt ,dudng hang khong .dudng thuy va giao thdng van tai

dudng bo.
Giao thdng van tai dudng bo la loai h'inh giao thdng van tai sir dung cac

cong trinh tao nen cd sd vat chat ky thuat cd chuc nang phuc vu nhu cau san
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

4

suat va sinh hoat cua xa hoi bao gom cac cong tr'inh dudng xa ,cau .cong tren
dat liPn .long the cac cong tr'inh nay duoc goi la he thong giao thong dudng
bo.

Giao thong van tai dudng bo co nhung uu the:
- Gid thanh van chuyen tha'p : so vdi van tai bang dudng hang khong th'i

chi phi van tai dudng bo re hon nhieu.Neu so vdi dudng thuy th'i chi phi van

tai dudng bo co dat hon doi chut nhung lai co dong hon va to ra co uu the hon
d khoan each gan.

- Tinh ca dong trong sit dung : neu nhu van tai bang dudng hang khong
.du’dng thuy hay dudng sat deu phai cd noi di .noi den nhat dinh nhu san

bay.ben cang hay nha ga..th'i van tai bang dudng bo co dong hon.Nd cho phep

van chuyen den bat cu noi dau,midn la cd dudng bo,nhat la nhung viing sau

vung xa thi cac h'inh thuc van tai khac kho long dap ling dupe.
Hon nua,dudng bp khong chi phuc vu rieng cho mot loai doi tupng nao

ma nd dap ung nhu cau di lai cho khong chi phuong tien co gidi dudng bo nhu
otd.xe may...ma ca xe dap,phuong tien van chuyen tho so hay ngu’di di bo.

- Dau tifxay ditng thuan tien: de xay dung san bay,cang biein hay dudng

sat,can cd tieu chuan va cong nghe theo chuain muc ro rang,thi cong dong bo
va chi su dung dupe khi hoan thanh toan bo cong tr'inh.Trong khi do dau tu

cho dudng bo cd the thuc hien dd dang hon nhd cap dudng dupe phan chia kha
long til' cap I ,11,III,IV,V,dudng giao thong nong thon...va cd the! phan ky dau
tu lam nhieu giai doan ma van phat huy dupe toi da hieu qua su dung.

Chinh nhd nhung uu the nay ma giao thong van tai dudng bo la phuong

thuc van chuyen quan trong bac nhat trong giao thong van tai.

Giao thong van tai dudng bo dupe cau thanh til cac bo phan : chu the
tham gia giao thong , phuong tien van tai dudng bo va he thong giao thong

dudng bo gom he thong dudng xa,cau cong.... He thong giao thong dudng bo
la mot bo phan quan trong cau thanh nen co sd ha tang noi chung va co sd ha
tang giao thong van tai noi rieng.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giaiphap chu yeu huy dong von....

5

Trong pham vi cua minh,luan van chi de cap den doi tupng la he thong
giao thong duong bo bao gom : duOng xa ,cau cong tren dia ban.

1.1.2. Vai tro cua he thong giao thong dtfdng bo
1.1.2.1. Hie thong du'b'ng bo vo'i tang tru'o'ng kinh te
a. Nang cao do md nen kinh te
• Thuc day giao lull hang hoa.

Hang hoa co the hieu la san pham dupc san xuat ra de trao doi va ban
tren thi truOng .Nhu vay de san pham tro thanh hang hoa thi san pham do phai

dupc mang ra khoi noi no dupc san xuat de ban bang mot phuong thUc van

chuyen nao do ma duOng bo la phuong thuc quan trong nhat.Cho den nay van
chuyen bang duOng bo van chiem ty trong lon trong tong khoi lupng hang hoa

va hanh khach hang nam .Mat khac de co dupc san pham hang hoa nguOi san
xuat can co cac yeu to dau vao cua thi truOng yeu to san xuat,nhung ye'u to

nay van chuyen den tay nguOi san xuat chu yeu bang duOng bo.Nhu vay co the
noi he thong giao thong duOng bo la mot phan vo cung quan trong la huyet

mach cua nen kinh te' thi truOng,co vai tro thuc day giao luu hang hoa.

* That chat moi quan he lien vung,lien nganh:
He thong giao thong duOng bo con co gop phan that chat cac moi lien
he lien vung .Mdi vung do nhung dieu kien khac nhau ve lich su,dia ly ..nen
co nhung the manh (lpi the so sanh) khac nhau va chinh he thong duOng bo se

la dieu kien de’ tan dung triet de the manh nay thong qua trao doi hang hoa
giua cac vung dao dieu kien cho chuyen mon hoa va hpp tac hoa phat
trien.Khong nhung giao luu buon ban ve kinh te ma van hoa ,y thu’c cong

dong ..cung theo do ma hinh thanh tao nen su gan bo thuc su giua cac vung.

Dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duOng bo co tac dung thuc day su

phat trien cua cac nganh co lien quan.Khi dau tu cho duOng bo doi hoi cac yeu
to dau vao nhu nguyen lieu : da ,cat soi nhua duOng,xi mang..,may moc thi

cong va nhien lieu tieu dung,suc lao dong..dat ra nhu cau cho cac nganh san
xuat xi mang ,cong nghiep nhua duOng,nganh che tao may..Khong dung d day

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

6

den luot cac nganh nay lai tao ra nhu cau cho cac nganh khac nua,cu nhu vay

tao thanh phan ung day chuyen keo theo su phat trien cua hang loat cac nhanh

cong nghiep khac.Mat khac,khi he thong dudng bo phat trien hang loat cac
nganh kinh te khac cung dupc hudng loi, the hien ro nhat la cac nganh san

xuat va dich vu thudng xuyen phai su dung dudng bo de van chuyen hang hoa
va vat tu cho san xuat nhu nganh van tai dudng bo,cac nha may xi nghiep san
xuat..dong tren dia ban.

• Thu hut cac nguon luc ben ngoai,thuc day sd nghiep cong

nghiep hoa,hien dai hoa.

NguOn luc noi den d day khong chi la tien von ma con la suc lao
dong,chat xam,cong nghe,ky nang to chuc va quan ly san xuat.Trong co che

thi trudng ngudi chu se dau tu vao dau dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao nhat va co

sd ha tang trong do co he thong giao thong dudng bo la yeu to' hang dau tao

nen su hap dAn cac nha dau tu.De tien hanh cong nghiep hoa,hien dai hoa n£n

kinh te khong nhung can phat huy noi luc ma con phai thu hut manh me
nguon luc tu ben ngoai va yeu to quan trong nhat tao nen suc hap dAn do la he

thong giao thong dudng bo tot thong suot va thuan tien.
* Nang cao hieu qua kinh te,tang tich luy,tai dau tu'thuc day
tang trudng kinh te

Trong co che thi trudng,yeu to duoc quan tam hang dau la hieu qua

kinh te .Khi he thong dudng bo duoc cai thien se co tac dong het suc tich cuc

tdi viec nang cao hieu qua n£n kinh te,di£u da nhan thay nhat do la viec giam
thdi gian va chi phi van chuyen vat tu hang hoa dau vao va hang hoa dau ra.

Dudng tot con lam giam chi phi nhien lieu tieu dung cho cac phuong tien co

gidi dudng bo va giam hao mon,giam chi phi va thdi gian sua chua bao dudng
cac phuong tien nay. Khi hieu qua kinh te duoc nang cao,luong GDP tao ra

nhieu hon, tao dieu kien tang phan tich luy ,tai san xuat md rong vdi quy mo
ldn hon va tu do thuc day tang trudng kinh te

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te, quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chCi yeu huy dong von....

7

b. Phat trien co soha tang giao thong van tai vdi tang
cu&ng co so vat chat ky thuat nhung nganh kinh te
khac.

He thong giao thong duong bo la dong lire kich thfch san xuat phat
trien,gia tang nang lu'c san xuat cua nen kinh te,la co so de phat trien cac

nganh kinh te khac.He thong duong bo duoc cai thien co tac dung giam chi
phi va thoi gian van chuyen,luu thong cua hang hoa,thuc day giao luu hang
hoa..tang hieu qua kinh te.Chfnh vi vay khi xem xet viec thanh lap va dua vao

hoat dong mot co so san xuatmha may,xi nghiep..thi yeu to quan trong can

can nhac do la tinh trang he thong giao thong duong bo ra sao.He thong giao
thongdudng bo duoc lam mdi hoac nang cap la tao co so vat chat cho viec ra

doi cac nha may xf nghiep mdi vdi may mdc,cong nghe ngay cang hien dai
hon, nang cap co so vat chat cac don vi san xuat hien cd.

1.1.2.2. Tac dong cua he thong giao thong dudng bo vo'i

chuyen dich co cau kinh te
Nganh nong nghiep do nhung han che v£ dien tich dat canh tac,phu
thuoc nhibu vao thien nhien,kho co gidi hoa..va nhu cau cua con ngudi ve loai

san pham nay cd han nen toe do tang trudng thap hon nganh cong nghiep va
dich vu.Trong khi 5-6% hang nam la toe do tang rat Ion cua nganh nong
nghiep thi toe do tang cua cong nghiep va dich vu hoan toan cd the dat hon

lO%.Do co toe do tang trudng cham hon nganh cong nghiep va dich vu nen ty
trong nganh nong nghiep trong GDP cd xu hudng giam va co cau kinh te se

dich chuyen tir Nong nghiep-Cong nghiep-Dich vu cua nen kinh te nong

nghiep tdi Cong nghiep-Nong nghiep- Dich vu trong nen kinh te cong nghiep

va Dich vu-Cong nghiep-Nong nghiep khi nen kinh te phat trien cao.He thong
giao thong du'dng bo khi duoc dau tu cd tac dung het sue tich circ tdi viec

chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng hien dai vdi sir tang trudng manh me
cua cong nghiep va dich vu.Khi do cong nghiep se ho tro bang viec cong

nghiep hoa nong nghiep.Nong nghiep dupe co gidi hoa giup nganh nay nang

cao nang suat lao dong de' cd the chuyein lao dong va dat dai sang tao diPu
kien de cong nghiep va dich vu tang trudng manh hon nua.
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giaiphap chu yeu huy dong von....

8

1.1.2.3. Vai tro cua he thong dudng bo vdi viec giai quyet

cac van de xa hoi
a. Nang cao ddi song nhan dan,gop phan xoa ddi,giam

ngheo

Nhin chung,cac ho doi ngheo chu yeu tap trung o nong thdn,noi ma

cuoc song chu yeu trong vao nong nghiep.San xuat nong nghiep trudc day v£n

chu yeu la tu cung tu cap ,hieu qua kinh te kem.thu nhap ngudi nong dan

thap.dan tri lac hau.ddi song kho khan ngheo doi.De co the xoa doi giam
ngheo,nang cao hieu qua kinh te ,tang thu nhap cua ngudi nong dan.phai bien
nong san thanh hang hoa,ngudi nong dan phai la ngudi san xuat hang hoa.De

tao dieu kien cho nong dan san xuat va lieu thu hang hoa can co nhieu bien

phap trong do khong the thieu dau tu cho he thong giao thong dudng bo ,dac

biet la giao thong nong thon.Khi giao thong thuan tien .thuc day giao luu kinh
te .ngudi nong dan n^m duoc thi trudng can gi va vao luc nao ,co the mua

duoc cac yeu to dau vao cho qua tr'inh san xuat tren thi trudng dau vao kip thdi
vdi gia hop ly de tien hanh san xuat va tung ra nhung hang hoa thi trudng can

vao dung thdi diem .Mat khac giao thong thuan tien cung lam giam chi phi va
thdi gian van chuyen hang hoa,tang ty trong hang hoa cua san pham .tang hieu
qua kinh te va thu nhap cua ngudi nong dan.

b. Xay dung nong th on moi, gop phan phat trien can
doi,hai hoa cac vung thanh thi va nong thdn
Khi hieu qua kinh te cua ngudi nong dan dupe tang len.thu nhap tang

tao dieu kien cho ho ap dung tien bp ky thuat.dua may moc vao dong ruong

lam tang nang suat mua vu va thay doi phuong thuc canh tac.Thu nhap tang
se la dong luc thuc day sir tim toi ham hieu biet ,tao dieu kien de ba con tiep

xue vdi cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung nhu : tivi.bao dai..thuc daiy giao
luu van hoa..va tu do hinh thanh tu duy moi lien bp hon ,loi song va phuong
phap lam viec dupe cai thien lam cho ddi song khong nhu’ng ve vat chat ma ca

tinh than nong thon dupe tien sat hon muc sinh hoal d cac do thi .Khi do nong

thon khong con dong nghTa vdi lac hau,chain phat trien ma la nong thon moi
,ngudi nong dan se tien toi la cong nhan nong nghiep vdi trang thiet bi ,loi
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

9

song,phuong phap lam viec hien dai ,khoa hoc.Day chinh la didu kien lam cho

ngudi dan an tarn vdi cuoc song tai chinh noi ho da sinh ra ,tranh tinh trang do

ve cac do thi de muu cau cuoc song tot hon lam gia tang sue ep moi mat tai
cac thanh pho, thi xa.
1.2. VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG
BO

1.2.1. Von dau tirva vai tro cua von dau tu'

1.2.1.1. Von dau tw

Von dau tu la ti6n tich luy cua xa hoi,cua cac co so san xuat,kinh doanh
,la tiet kiem cua dan va von huy dong tu cac nguon khac nhu lien doanh,lien

ket trong va ngoai nude..duoc dua vao sir dung trong qua trinh tai san xuat xa

hoi nham duy tri tiem luc sSn co va tao tidm luc moi cho san xuat kinh doanh
dich vu va phuc vu sinh hoat.

Nhu vay,von dau tu co hlnh thai tien te,nhung khong phai lidn nao cung
la von dau tu ,chi khi nao tien do duoc dua vao sir dung trong qua trinh tai san

xuat voi muc dich duy tri,tao ra tiem lire moi cho nen kinh te mdi tro thanh
von dau tu.

1.2.1.2. Vai tro cua von dau tw

Von dau tu va viec bao dam von dau tu’ cd vai tro dac biet quan trong

doi voi tang trudng va phat trien kinh te. Ngay tu khi kinh te hoc con so
khai,cac hoc gia da thira nhan vai tro cua von voi tang trudng kinh te.
David Ricardo ,nha kinh te hoc co dien xuat sac nhat da thua nhan vai
tro cua von dau tu khi cho rang cac yeu to co ban cua tang trudng kinh te la

dat dai.lao dong va von.Cac yeu to nay ket hop vdi nhau d tirng trinh do ky
thuat nhat dinh theo ty le co dinh.
K.MARX la kinh te hoc xuat sac khi ban den tang trudng kinh te da cho

rang dat dai,von va tien bo ky thuat la cac yeu to cua qua trinh tai san
xuat.Nhu vay ong da xem von la yeu to khong the thieu cua qua trinh tang
trudng.Ong cho rang muc dich cua san xuat tu ban chu nghla la nham tang gia

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te.quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

10

tri thang du' ,nen ho tim each de cai tien ky thuat de nang cao nang suat lao

dong .Khi cai tien ky thuat ,so may moc va dung cu lao dong cho mot ngudi

lao dong (cau tao hiru co) tang len ,can nhieu tien von hon de dau tu.De thu

duoc nhieu loi nhuan hon nua,nha tu- ban can von de ap dung tien bo ky thuat
,nang cao nang suat lao dong,md rong quy mo san xuat .

Cdc nha kinh te hoc tan co dien: cho rang san luqng dau ra Y la mot
ham cua cac yeu to dau vao : Y= f(K,L,R,T) .Trong do : K - von san xuat

;L

- so lirqng lao dong ;R- tai nguyen thien nhien ;T - khoa hoc -cong nghe.Von

san xuat K co duoc tu von dau tu I. Mot dang cua trudng phai nay la ham san
xuat Cobb-Douglas ,co dang : Y - T.Kw.L|i.Rz voi ct,p,y la cac luy thua phan

anh ty le can bien cac yeu to dau vao, a+|3+y =1 .Ham san xuat Cobb-Douglas
da chi ra vai tro cua yeu to von dau tu I thong qua von san xuat K tdi tang

trudng kinh te .

Mo hinh Harrod-Dontar : hai nha kinh te hoc Roy Harrod ngudi Anh
va Evsay Domar ngudi My bang nhung nghien cu'u doc lap da dua ra mo hinh

co ten goi :mo hinh Harrod-Domar.Mo hinh nay duoc su dung de xem xet moi
quan he giua tang trudng va von dau tu.Theo mo hinh nay,dau ra cua bat ky

nen kinh te nao phu thuoc vao luqng von duoc dau tu.Neu goi g - la ty le tang
trudng cua dau ra ; s - la ty le tich luy trong GDP ; k - la ty so gia tang von dau ra (he so ICOR).Ta co : g =s/k,tiet kiem la nguon goc cua dau tu nen vd ly

thuyet dau tu' I luon bling tiet kiem S. Mo hinh Harrod-Domar chi ra su tang

trudng la do ket qua tuong tac giua tiet kiem vdi von dau tu va dau tu la dong
lu'c co ban cua sir phat trien.

Ly thuyet hien dai ve tang trudng kinh te : Samuenson ,nha kinh te

hoc hien dai cung nhat tri vdi cac nha kinh te tan co dien ve vai tro cua von
san xuat K (cd duoc tir von dau tu I)vdi tang trudng kinh te : dau ra Y=
f(K,L,R,T) vdi K,L,R,T lan luqt la : von san xuat, so luqng lao dong, tai
nguyen thien nhien, khoa hoc -cong nghe.

Nhu vay : cac nha kinh te hoc dai dien cho cac trudng phai kinh te khac
nhau ter co dien den hien dai da thua nhan vai tro cua von dau tu I tdi tang

trudng kinh te.Ngay nay, khi ma he so ICOR cd xu hu'dng ngay cang cao thi
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chO yeu huy dong von....

11

von dau tu’ lai chiem vi tri quan trong hon ntra trong viec xay dung co so ha
tang noi chung va he thong giao thong dudng bo noi rieng ,tao co so vat chat
thuc day tang truong kinh te.
1.2.2. Dau tir phat trien he thong giao thdng dtrdng bo

1.2.2.1. Dau ttfphat trien
Dau tu la qua trinh su dung von dau tu nham duy tri tiem lire sJn co
hoac tao ra tiem lire ldn hon cho san xuat .kinh doanh va duy tri hoat dong cua

cac co so vat chat ky thuat cua nen kinh te.Thuc chat .day la qua trinh chuyen

hoa von bang tidn thanh von hien vat de tao nen nhung yeu to co ban cua san
xuat kinh doanh va phuc vu sinh hoat. Neu dua vao ban chat va pham vi lqi fch

do dau tu dem lai ,dau tu co the chia lam 3 loai: dau tu phat trien ,dau tu tai
chinh va dau tu thu’Ong mai.
Dau tu’ phat tridn la loai hinh dau tu ma ngudi chu dau tu su dung cac

nguon lire de tien hanh cac hoat dong nhJm duy tri va tao ra tai san mdi cho
ndn kinh te Jam tang nang lire san xuat va cac hoat dong khac,tao viec lam va

nang cao doi song cua moi thanh vien trong xa hoi.Cac hoat dong dau tu phat

trien nhu :duy tu bao dudng,lam mdi hoac nang cap co so ha tang dudng
xa.benh vien trudng hoc..bdi dudng,dao tao nguon nhan lire,thuc hien chi phi
thudng xuyen gdn lien vdi sir hoat ddngcua cac co so dang ton tai...Do chinh

la qua trinh chuyen hoa von bang tien thanh von hien vat de tao nen cac yeu to

cua qua trinh tai san xuat nhSm lam tang nang lire san xuat.

Dau tu duy tu. bao dudng, lam mdi va nang cap he thdng giao thdng

dudng bo thuoc loai hinh dau tu phat trien vdi cac dac trung duy tri va tao ra
tai san mdi cho nen kinh te :dudng xa.ciiu cong la huyet mach cua ndn kinh te

phuc vu cho kinh te ,chinh tri van hoa..Ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu nay

khong chi tinh toan bdi hieu qua kinh te nhu lam mdi duoc bao nhieu

dudng,cau cong,sir thuan tien tiet kiem thoi gian van chuyen hang hoa cung
nhu giam hao mon cua cac phuong tien ..ma con cd y nghTa xa hoi rat ldn, dua
anh sang van hoa,y te giao due ve vung sau vung xa ,gop phan nang cao doi
song dan cu.Dau tu phat trien mang ludi dudng bo cd vai tro la chia khoa cua

tang trudng ben vung va cung chinh tu vai tro nay ma viec thu hut von dau tu
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

12

phat trien he thong giao thong dudng bo duoc dat ra cap thiet cho bat ky dia

phuong nao.
1.2.2.2. Dac diem hoat dong dau tu'phat trien he thong

giao thong dudng bo

Hoat dong dau tu phat trien noi chung va dau tu phat trien he thong giao
thong dudng bo noi rieng co cac dac diem khac vdi cac loai hinh dau tu khac

nhu dau tu thuong mai va dau tu tai chinh...Nhung dac diem nay the hien chu
yeu d nhung khia canh sau:

- Khoi luong tien von ,nguyen vat lieu ,lao dong..can thiet cho loai hinh
dau tu nay thudng rat ldn.Khi dau tu xay dung cau dudng,luong von va

nguyen lieu bo ra la con so khong lo.Vi du nhu : trung binh lKm dudng cao
toc Lang - Hoa Lac can tdi IO ty dong cho hoat dong xay dung co ban,tieu

dung het hang ngan m3 cat ,da, xay dung...
- Thdi gian tien hanh thi cong cac cong trinh nay cung rat lau tu vai ba

thang den nhieu nam,chiu anh hu'dng truc tiep cac dieu kien tu nhien nhu khi
hau,dia hinh,tho nhuong..

- Thoi gian thu hoi von thudng keo dai hang nam,chuc nam va khong

the thu hoi truc tiep do do loai hinh dau tu nay chiu nhieu rui ro tu cac yeu to
tu kinh te,chinh tri ,co che chinh sach den moi trudng tu nhien.Vi vay hoat
dong dau tu phat trien co do mao hiem cao.

- Ket qua cua loai hinh dau tu nay la hang hoa cong cong,ton tai va phat
huy tac dung lau dai hang chuc, hang tram nam tren dien rong,co tac dong ldn

den gia tang nang luc san xuat va cai thien ddi song cua dan cu.
- Trong thdi gian dai phuong phap ke hoach hoa truyen tho'ng chi tap
trung giai quye't trong pham vi nha nudc vdi cac linh vuc phat trien co so ha

tang, cac cong trinh deu duoc dau tu bang nguon von Ngan sach nha nudc

chua chu y dung muc den cac nguon von khac.So vdi yeu cau cua su phat trien

la co so ha tang phai di trudc mot budc co toc do tang truong ldn hon ,tao co
so vat chat cho tang truong kinh te thi von ngan sach duoc huy dong chi dap
ung duoc mot phan rat nho.
Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

13

1.2.2.3. Noi dung dau tu’phat trien he thong giao thong

dudng bo
Hai noi dung co ban cua dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong dudng bo
bao la:

• Dau tu xay dung co' ban : la cac khoan dau tu lam mdi ,md rong ,cai
tao va nang cap dudng bo va cau ,cong tren dudng,Idp dat he thong phuong

tien khai thac cac tuyen dudng nhu he thong tin hieu,den ,bien bao.. Khoan
dau tu nay lam gia tang nang luc giao thong cua he thong dudng bo.

• Dau tu (chi) thudng xuyen : la dau tu cho cong tac duy tu bao dudng

dinh ky he thong dudng bo va cac phuong tien khai thac di kern nhu ,den ,bien

bao ...Tuy khong lam gia tang nang lire giao thong,nhung no giup phuc hoi

nang luc da mat do tinh trang xuong cap cua dudng bo.
Dau tu phat trien co dac trung quan trong nhat do la viec tao nen co so

vat chat ky thuat cho nen kinh te,la nhan to quye't dinh den sir phat trien kinh

te-xa hoi,den tang trudng kinh te va didu chinh co cau kinh te.Tir do dau tu

phat trien co y nghia la dong lire kich thich san xuat phat trien,gia tang nang
luc san xuat cua nen kinh te,la co sd de phat trien nhung nganh khac.

Dau tu phat trien mang ludi dudng bo nham xay dung co sd ha tang
giao thong dudng bo,mot phuong thuc giao thong quan trong va thuan tien bac

nhat trong cac hinh thuc giao thong hien nay.Dau tu phat trien mang ludi

dudng bo cd vai tro la chia khoa cua tang trudng bbn vung.
1.2.3. Nguon von dau tirva vai tro huy dong von dau tu’phat

trien he thong giao thong dirdng bo
1.2.3.1. Nguon von dau tu'

Trong dieu kien doi mdi vdi co che thi trudng,von la hang hoa,van dong
theo quy luat cua thi trudng,von dau tu noi chung thudng dupe khai thac tu

cac nguon:

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.

Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giaiphap chu yeu huy dong von....

14

a) Von trong nude :

Von nay duoc hinh thanh tu cac nguon sau:

- Von ngan sach Nha nude trung uong va dia phuong
- Von tich luy cua dan cu

- Von tich luy cua cac doanh nghiep

b) Von ngoai nubc
Nguon nay gom co :
- Von dau tit mtdc ngoai trite tiep FDl: do la von dau tu cua cac doi
tupng doanh nghiep,ca nhan nude ngoai va true tiep quan ly ,thu hoi von da bo

ra

- Von dau tit mtdc ngoai gian tiep : do la von cua cac chinh phu,cac to
chuc quoc te,cac to chuc phi chinh phu dupe thuc hien dudi hinh thuc cho
vay,cho vay uu dai,vien tro khdng hoan lai,hay vien tro chinh thuc ODA cua

cac nude phat trien..

7.2.3.2. Von dau ttfphat trien he thong giao thong
dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Ha Tay
Von dau tu noi chung thuong dupc khai thac tu cac nguon nhu da ke

tren. Trong dieu kien cua Ha Tay,co cau von dau tu cho duong bo ben canh
nhung nguon von truySn thdng nhu von ngan sach Nha nude van giu vai tro

chu dao con noi len nhung nguon von mdi day tiem nang do la cac nguon von
ngoai ngan sach ,dong vai tro ngay mot quan trong hon,chiem ty trong ngay
cang tang trong tong von dau tu phat trien he thdng duong bo tren dia ban.Cd

the chia von dau tu phat trien giao thong dudng bp tren dia ban Ha Tay lam 2

nhom chinh,do la :

- Von ngan sach Nha nude

- Von ngoai ngan sach .Day la nhung nguon von mdi cd vi tri quan
trong,con nhieu tiem nang chua dupc kham pha va la doi tupng chinh de luan

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chCi yeu huy dong von....

15

van lap trung khai thac tim ra cac giai phap thu hut von tu cac ngudn nay
.Thuoc von nay co :

+ Von tin dung ODA
+ Von dong gop cua nhan dan va cac to chuc kinh te (sau day goi

tdt la khu vuc tu nhan)
Sau day ta lan luqt xem xet ttrng nguon von :
a. Von ng an sach Nha nubc:

Von ngan sach bao gom: ngan sach trung uong va ngan sach dia
phuong.

• Von ngan sach trung uong:

- Vai tro ciia von : da va dang la nguon chu dao cung cap von cho dau
tu phat trien dudng bo tren dia ban,dac biet doi vdi he thdng quoc lo.

- Dqc diem ciiu von : viec sir dung von ngan sach trung uong phai tuan
theo nhung quy dinh cua nha nude duoc quy dinh trong Nghi dinh

52/1999/ND-CP ngay 8/7/1999 ve Quy che quan ly dau tu va xay dung va

Nghi dinh 12/2000/ ND-CP ngay 5/5/2000 ve sira doi ,bo xung mot so didu
cua quy che quan ly dau tu va xay dung duoc ban hanh kem Nghi dinh
52/1999/ND-CP ngay 8/7/1999.

- N/nlng nhan to anh luting : von ngan sach trung uong dau tu cho

dudng bo chiu anh hudng tu nhung nhan to sau:
+ Quy mo ngan sach trung uong:quy mo cua ngudn von anh
hudng rat Ion den kha nang cung cap von.Neu nhu ty le dau tu cho dudng bo

cua ngan sach khong thay doi,khi quy mo ngan sach cang Ion thi khoi luqng
von dau tu cho dudng bo cang ldn ma khong lam giam luqng von dau tu cho

cac nganh khac.V'i vay de’ tang luqng von dau tu phat trien dudng bo ,giai
phap co ban va lau dai la phai tang duoc quy mo cua ngan sach nha nude hay

noi each khac la phai tang duoc ngudn thu cho ngan sach.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

16

+ Ty le dau tu’ cho dudng bo: trong dieu kien quy mo cua ngan

sach khong doi thi ty le dau tu’ cho dudng bo ldn se lam cho luong von dau tu
cho dudng bo ldn.Tuy nhien khi tang ty le dau tu cho dudng bo se lam giam ty

le va luong von dau tu cho cac nganh khac,vi vay giai phap tang ty le dau tu’
cho dudng bo can than trong bdi no anh hudng den rat dau tu nhi£u cac nganh

khac trong ndn kinh te.
• Von ngan sach dia ph dong:

- Vai tro ciia von : vai tro la nguon chinh cung cap von dau tu’ phat trien
tinh lo cua Ha Tay.

- Due diem ciia von : von ngan sach dia phuong bao gom ngan sach tinh
va ngan sach huyen.viec sir dung von nay phai tuan thu cac quy dinh cua Nha
nu’dc nhu’ ddi vdi ngan sach trung uong.

- Nhung nhan to anh hudng : cung nhu nguon von ngan sach trung
uong,von ngan sach dia phuong cung chiu sir tac dong cua 2 yeu to chinh la
quy mo ngan sach dia phuong va ty trong chi ciia ngan sach cho dau tu phat

trien dudng bo.

b. Von ngoai ngan sach Nha nudc.
Day la nhung nguon von mdi xuat hien trong dau tu’ phat trien noi
chung va dau tu phat trien giao thong dudng bo noi rieng ke tir khi chung ta

chuyen doi co che quan ly tir ke hoach hoa tap trung sang co che thi trudng cd
sir quan ly va didu tiet cua Nha nudc,dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghla(sau dai hoi

dang VI nam 1986).Tuy nhien nhung nguon von nay chi thuc sir phat huy hieu
qua trong nhung nam gan day.Neu nhu von ngan sach Nha nudc chiu gidi han

bdi nhieu yeu to nhu quy mo ngan sach va kho tang ty le huy dong cho dudng
bo thi von ngoai ngan sach khac phuc duoc nhung han che nay,de huy dong

duoc nguon von ngoai ngan sach nay thi van de dat ra la phai tim duoc cac

giai phap hieu qua,cd tinh kha thi cao nham huy dong du von dau tu phat trien
he thong giao thong dudng bo tren dia ban Ha Tay.Day cung chinh la muc
tieu ma luan van hudng tdi.Von ngoai ngan sach bao gom :

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

17

• Von ODA

Von ODA ( Official Development Assistence) la von hd trcr phat trien
cua cac doi tac tai tro nude ngoai danh cho cac nude nhan vien trp,thudng la

cac nude dang phat trien. Tren dia ban Ha Tay thdi gian qua,von ODA ngay
cang khang dinh vi tri cua minh trong viec cung cap von dau tu phat trien he
thdng dudng bo.

- Vai tro ciio von : von ODA da,dang giu vai tro cue ky quan trong

trong viec dau tu phat trien dudng bo tren dia ban Ha Tay.Trong tat ca cac du'
an dudng bo,ty trong von nay luon chiem tdi gAn mot nua so von dau tu va ty

trong nay ngay mot tang.

- Dao diem ciia von : von ODA bao gom tat ca cac khoan vien trp
khong hoan lai va cac khoan tin dung uu dai ( cho vay dai han,lai suat
tha'p..).Mot khoan vay duoc coi la von ODA khi nd thoa man cac lieu thuc
sau: (1) phai do chinh phu hoac cac to chuc didu hanh true thuoc chinh phu
cung cap (2) Muc tieu chu yeu la thuc day phat trien kinh te va phuc lqi xa

hoi cac nude dang phat trien. (3) vdi hinh thuc ODA cho vay uu dai phai cd
thanh phan vien trp khong hoan lai khong dudi 25% gia tri khoan vay.

- Nhung nhan to dnh hiring : viec huy dong von ODA cho dau tu phat

trien chiu anh hudng cua nhung nhan to nhu: quan he song phuong va da

phuong giua Viet Nam va cac ben tai tro,viec thuc hien cac dieu kien rang

buoc nhu giai ngan...
• Von dong gop cua dan va cac to chuc kinh te.

Thuc ra von trong dan cu va cac to chuc kinh te tren dia ban Ha Tay la
nguon von dau tu day tiem nang can khai thac cho hoat dong dau tu phat tric-n

noi chung va phat trien dudng bo noi rieng.Cd the: chia von thu hut tu dan

chung ra lam 2 loai : (1) von dong gop va (2) von dau tit.Neu nhu von dong
gop mang tinh khong hoan lai thi von dau tu phai hoan lai ca von lfin lai.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te.quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giai phap chu yeu huy dong von....

18

- Vai tro ciia von : von dong gop cua dan co vai tro dac biet trong viec
dau tu' giao thdng nong thdn.Tren dia ban Ha Tay, von nay la ngudn chu dao

cung cap von dau tu cho viec nang cap ,1am moi va duy tu bao dudng hon
3000 km dudng giao thong nong thon.
- Dqc diem ciia von : day la nhung khoan dong gop tir nguyen va khong

hoan lai cua cac doanh nghiep,td chuc ,ca nhan,cac ho gia dinh tren dia ban
cho dau tu phat trien giao thong nong thon tren dia ban do.

- Nltiing nhan to anil hitting : trong viec huy dong cho dau tu phat trien

dudng bo tren dia ban Ha Tay ,luqng von dong gop cua dan phu thuoc vao:
thu nhap cua dan cu va tinh tu nguyen cua ngudi dan trong viec dong gop lam

dudng.
1.2.3.3. Vai trd huy dong von dau tu

Neu nhu von dau tu cd vai trd to ldn trong viec xay dung co sd ha tang
he thdng giao thdng dudng bo thi viec huy dong duoc von dau tu cd vai trd

khong kern trong viec lam the nao de cd von dau tu’.
Trong cd che ke hoach hoa tap trung,von dau tu cap phat tir ngan sach

Nha nu’dc trung uong va dia phuong,nghla la von cua Nha nude .Cac nguon
lire khac trong dan chung va cac to chuc kinh te ..khong duoc thua

nhan.Ngudn von tir ben ngoai chu yeu cua cac nude xa hoi chu nghla thong

qua vien tro cua Chinh phu .Vdi phuong phap huy dong von nay ,chung ta da

khong huy dong duoc noi luc to ldn trong dan chung va cac td chuc kinh te
trong nude cung nhu cac ngudn tin dung,vien tro tir ben ngoai.

Ngay nay trong dieu kien ddi mdi vdi co che thi trudng , von la hang
hoa, van dong theo quy luat cua thi trudng .Trir mot so du an ldn san xuat
hang hoa cong cong, kho thu hoi von duoc Nha nude dau tu bang von ngan

sach ,cdn lai deu la von di vay phai tra ca goc l An lai,hoac von do dan dong

gop nham xay mdi hoac nang cap dudng xa tren dia phuong do.Trong didu
kien do, viec huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien co vai trd quan trong nhu la

yeu to then chot phat trien co sd ha tang,phat trien kinh te.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.


Luan van thac sy kinh te : Cac giaiphap chu yeu huy dong von....

19

1.3. SU CAN THIET CUA VAN DE THU HUT VON DAU TU PHAT

TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO
1.3.1. Nhu cau giao thong dudng bo ngay cang tang.

1.3.1.1. Nhu cau van chuyen hang hoa

De dap nhu cau ngay cang tang cua nhan dan do dan so tang va yeu cau

ngay mot cao hon vd mdc song ddi hoi nen kinh te phai khong ngung tang

trudng,khoi luong hang hoa san xuat ra nam sau cao hon nam trudc.Day cung
la yeu to tao nen nhu cau ngay mot ldn ddi vdi he thong giao thong noi chung

va he thong giao thong dudng bo noi rieng.Bang sau cho thay rd didu do
BANG 1: KHOI LUONG HANG HOA VAN CHUYEN VA LUAN CHUYEN TREN
DIA BAN THOI GIAN QUA

Dien giai
Khoi luong hang
hoa van chuyen

Don vi

2000

DU bao

Du* bao

2005

2010

8769

9366

13.697

23.403

3955

7380

8358

11.808

20.664

%

86,13

84,16

89,24

86,21

88,29

1000

208.015

401.575

240.055

624.695

1.062.900

151.243

327.309

187.530

523.694

616.464

72,71

81,51

78,12

83,82

57,99

tan

-Ty trong

hoa luan chuyen

1999

4592

1000

- Dudng bo

Khoi lUdng hang

1996

tan km

- Dudng bo

-Ty trong

Nguon : Sd ke hoach dau ttf-Cuc thong ke Ha Tay

Khoi luong hang hoa duoc van chuydn bang dudng bo tang manh.neu

nhu nam 1996 la 3955 nghin tan th'i nam 1999 da la 7380 nghin tan va nam
2000 khoi luong hang hoa van chuyen bang dudng bo da dat con sd 8358

nghin tan gap hon hai lan nam l996.Theo dir bao thi khoi luong hang hoa van
chuyen bang dudng bo se tang toi l l .808 nghin tan vao nam 2005 va 20.664

nghin tan vao nam 2010.

Cao hoc K8 - Chuyen nganh Kinh te,quan ly & ke hoach hoa KTQD.