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II
TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN
r_
------- ★ ★ ★-------TRUONG OHKTQD
TT. THONG TIN THU VIEN
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
HOAN THIEN
PHUONG THLfC LAP
KE HOACH
PHAT
•
•
•
TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO
Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN
LU AN
VAN THAC
SI KINH TE PHAT TRIEN
•
•
Ma nganh: 8310105
Ngudi huong d£n khoa hoc: GS. TS NGO THANG LOI
DAI HOC K.T.Q.D
TT. THONG TIN THU’VIEN
PHONG LUAN AN-TU* LIEU
HANOI 2018
ms 43850
LOI CAM DOAN
Toi da doc va hieu ve cac hanh vi vi pham sir trung thirc trong hoc thuat. Tdi
cam k£t bdng danh dir ca nhan rang nghien cuu nay do toi tu thirc hien va khong vi
pham yeu cau ve su trung thirc trong hoc thuat.
Ha Noi, ngay
Qthang
nam 2018
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
LOI CAM ON
Trong qua trinh thirc hien de tai nay, toi da nhan duoc str quan tarn giup do
rat Ion cua nhieu ca nhan va tap the.
Toi xin bay to ldng biet on sau sac den GS TS. NGO THANG LOI - ngtroi
da tan tinh chi bao, giup do toi thirc hien va hoan thanh de tai nay.
Toi xin chan thanh cam on cac thay co giao trong khoa Ke hoach phat trien
va cac can bo Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc - Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan da tao
moi dieu kien thuan loi giup do toi trong suot qua trinh hoc tap va nghien cuu.
Xin chan thanh cam on cac ddng chi lanh dao cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu
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A
A
.
9
Lao da tao dieu kien giup do toi trong qua trinh dieu tra, thu thap so lieu de hoan
thanh de tai nghien cuu.
Xin cam on gia dinh, ban be va dong nghiep da giup do, dong vien toi trong
suot qua trinh hoc tap va thirc hien luan van tot nghiep.
Ha Noi, ngay %()thdng
nam 2018
TAC GIA LUAN VAN
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
YEU CAU CUA HOI
• DONG CHAM LUAN
• VAN THAC
• SI
A
9
A
9
Ve: Nhung diem can sira chtra bo sung trade khi nop luan van chinh thuc cho
Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc
.
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Chu tich Hoi dong
PGS.TS. Vu Cuo-ng
Hoc vien
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
' Neu hoc vien co trach nhiem chinh sira theo yeu cSu cua Hoi ddng chSm luan van. Trong trudng hop khong chinh sira se
khong duoc cong nhan ket qua bao ve.
Hoc vien phai dong ban yeu ciu chinh siia nay vao trade Muc luc cua Quy8n luan van chinh thuc nop cho Vien DTSDH.
CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM
Doc lap- Tic do- Hanh phiic
NHAN
• XET PHAN BIEN
• LUAN
• VAN THAC
• SI
Cua hoc vien cao hoc: Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
Chuyen nganh: Ke hoach Phat trien
Ten de tai: “Hoan thien phuong thirc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xd hoi hang
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ndm cap quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao'"
Ngudi nhan xet: TS Nguyen Thi Hoa - Phan bien 1
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Don vi cong tac: Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan
1. Su* can thiet cua de tai
7
Z
Voi quan diem coi ke hoach la cong cu quan ly cua chinh phu, thbi gian qua
7
z
z
Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao da cd chu trong den doi moi cong tac lap ke
7
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o
hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua quoc gia. Day la yeu to thuan loi cho doi moi
o
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cong tac lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam. Tuy nhien, trong qua
trinh doi moi do, phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam van
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7
x
con boc lo nhung diem han che ve qui trinh ky thuat cung nhu phuong phap nen da
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rv
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co anh hubng khong nhd den chat lupng ban ke hoach. Trude thuc tien do, rat can
or
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cac nghien cuu sau ve phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam
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e
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cap quoc gia nham xac dinh mot qui trinh va phuong phap lap ke hoach cho phep
xay dung noi dung ban ke hoach dap ung cac yeu cau cua ke hoach trong dieu kien
Z
AZ
A
nen kinh te thi trudng. Trong boi canh do, viec lira chon de tai “Hoan thien
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phirong thirc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xd hoi hang ndm cap quoc gia cita
Cong
hoa
Dan
chu
Nhan
dan
Lao"
cua
cao
hoc
Phathipsavanh
THAMMAVONGSA da dap ung dupe yeu cau cua thuc tien.
De tai phu hpp voi chuyen nganh cua hoc vien, khong cd su trung lap voi cac
cong trinh nghien cuu da cong bo ma toi dupe biet.
1
2. Phuong phap nghien cuu
Cac phuong phap nghien cuu lua chon da giup tac gia giai quyet dupe var
tuy nhien chat luong luan van se tot hon neu nhu b day tac gia su dung phu
phap phong van sau doi vbi cac nha khoa hoc va nha quan ly ve kha nang ap di
cac de xuat ve hoan thien phuong thuc cung nhu cac dieu kien ap dung cac de >
nay b Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao.
3. Ket cau va hinh thuc cua luan van
Luan van dupe ket cau theo bo cue truyen thong hop ly, kha can doi. Veh
thuc, van ban dupe trinh bay ve co ban dam bao yeu cau luan van thac si.
4. Nhfrng thank cong chinh cua luan van
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Thu nhat la tac gia da tong hop va he thong hoa ly thuyet ve ke hoach phat ti
kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he thong ke hoach phat trien kinh te
hoi. Ngoai ra tac gia cung xac dinh dupe cac yeu cau va cac nguyen tac trong
moi cong tac lap ke hoach hoa.
Thu hai la phan anh dupe thuc trang phuong thuc, trong do diem nhan la
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trinh ky thuat lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia
Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao.
Thu ba la de xuat dupe quan diem va noi dung hoan thien lap ke hoach f
trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao.
Thu nhat, can cu khoa hoc de danh gia cung nhu de xuat hoan thien phu<
thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong chuon
con mb nhat. Cu the, tac gia chua chi ra dupe mot qui trinh ky thuat, phuong p
a
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lap ke hoach cung nhu yeu cau ket cau ve noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat ti
kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia la nhu the nao. Neu b day, tac gia tham k
ket qua cua cac du an ho trp doi moi cong tac lap ke hoach cua cac to chuc quo
hay tu Viet Nam- mot quoc gia dupe danh gia da tong ket dupe nhung mo h
doi moi lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cac cap thi chuong 1
luan van se co su cai thien dang ke ve chat luong.
Z
A
Thu hai, phan ti'ch thirc trang ve noi dung va phirong phap lap ke hoach phat
7
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trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao
chira tirong xung voi yeu cau cua luan van thac si. Cac nhan dinh danh gia ve
9
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phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao
chua dung trong tarn. Dieu do khien cho nguoi doc co cam giac tac gia chua kiem
soat tot noi dung chinh can giai quyet trong luan van.
77u? ba, tong quan nghien cuu chua dam bao yeu cau. Ve co ban moi chi dung
o muc do liet ke cac cong trinh nghien cuu chua co phan tich khai quat ve cac cong
lien quan chua thuyet phuc dupe nguoi doc.
6. Ket luan
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Tuy con mot so nhung han che nhin chung Luan van ve co ban da dap ung yeu
cau ve noi dung va hinh thuc cua luan van thac sy. Vi vay, kinh de nghi hoi dong
cho phep cao hoc vien Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA dupe bao ve truoc Hoi
AZ
Z
A
7
dong cham luan van thac si . Neu bao ve thanh cong se du dieu kien de nhan hoc
vi thac si!
Hd Noi, ngdy 28 thdng06 nam 2018
TS Nguyen Thi Hoa
3
BAN NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE
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a
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Hoan thien phteong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi hang nam cap quoc gia ciia Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan
Lao
Chuyen nganh:
Kinh tephat trien
Ma so:
60.34.01
Ten hoc vien:
Thammavongsa
Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc: GS, TS Ngo Thdng Lai
Ho ten ngudi nhan xet: Hoang Van Hoan
Chuc vu, ccr quan cong tac: Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vice I
Ten de tai:
r
Sau khi doc ban luan van vdi de tai neu tren, toi co mot so nhan xet sau:
1.
Co- so' khoa hoc va thuc tien, tinh cap thiet cua de tai luan van
Ke hoach hoa trong nen kinh te thi trudng cung la mot cong cu huy dong va
phan bo nguon lire khan hiem nham thirc hien cac muc tieu phat trien cua nen
kinh te; giup huy dong cac nguon lire xa hoi de cung hudng toi dat cac muc tieu
ke hoach. Nhu vay, viec lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi trong nen kinh te
thi trudng can phai gan chat vdi cac nguon lire xa hoi, dong then tang cuong sir
tham gia cua nhieu co quan, doan the va cac to chirc trong xa hoi vao qua trinh
lap ke hoach de co the toi da hoa hieu qua sir dung nguon lire nay trong qua
trinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia timg dia phuong la mot yeu cau tat yeu.
Doi vdi moi dia phuong, lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam la
mot cong tac quan trong, la cong cu quan ly, dieu hanh hoat dong mang tinh
dinh hudng va cu the hoa cac muc tieu, nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5
nam. Tuy nhien, tai nude Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao hien nay, con ton tai
nhieu kho khan, bat cap, chua nhat quan. Cong tac nay van chira gan vdi ket
qua, nguon lire va sir tham gia cua cac ben van chua hieu qua. Vi vay, chung toi
cho rang viec chon de tai "Holin thien phuang thuc lap ke hoach phat trien
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kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan
Lao” cua hoc vien la cap thiet ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien.
2.
3.
4.
Sir khong triing lap ve de tai nghien cuu so vdi cac cong trinh khac da cong
bo, tinh trung thuc rd rang va day du trong trich dan tai lieu
De tai khong trung lap so vdi cac cong trinh da cong bo ma ngirdi doc duoc
biet, cac nguon so lieu thir cap va thdng tin sir dung trong de tai deu duoc trich
dan cd nguon goc rd rang va trung thirc, dung yeu cau cua luan van thac si kinh
te.
Sir phu hop giua ten de tai voi noi dung cua de tai
Ten de tai phu hop vdi noi dung nghien cuu cua de tai, va noi dung nghien cuu
ciia de tai phu hop vdi chuyen nganh: Kinh te phat trien.
Do tin cay va tinh hien dai ciia phuong phap da sir dung de nghien cuu
1
Phuong phap luan va cac phuong phap nghien cuu cu the dupe sir dung trong
nghien cuu la phu hop, dam bao tinh khoa hoc cho phep hoc vien dat dupe
nhung muc tieu nghien cuu de ra.
5.
Ket cau cua luan van
Luan van dupe ket cau thanh 3 chuong theo loi truyen thong la hop ly, chat che
chuyen tai dupe nhung noi dung co ban cua van de dat ra. Luan van co van
phong sang sua, hanh van mach lac, the hien tinh cong phu, nghiem tuc cua tac
gia nghien cuu.
6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
Gia tri khoa hoc va thuc tien cua ket qua nghien cuu
De tai da thong hoa va lam sang to mot so van de ly luan co lien quan de xac
lap khung ly thuyet ve lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap
quoc gia. Viec he thong hoa nay dupe bat dau tu viec phan tich, luan giai mot
so noi dung co ban ve ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi (khai niem, vi tri, vai
tro, dac diem). Tren co so do, de tai da lam ro noi ham phuong thuc lap ke
hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam theo phuong thuc ke hoach hoa dinh
hudng mang tinh chien lupc (ve ket cau va noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat
trien kinh te xa hoi, quy trinh ky thuat vbi 07 bubc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te xa hoi hang nam tai Lao). Dong thdi, chi ro su thiet va dieu kien de hoan
thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia b Lao ke hoach hoa mang tinh chien lupc voi cac yeu cau moi, nguyen tac, sir thay
doi cau true, noi dung cac bo phan cau thanh ban ke hoach. Chung toi cho rang,
day la phan dong gop quan trong cua de tai ve mat tong ket ly luan, va dupe coi
la khung ly thuyet quan trong de tac gia phan tich danh gia thuc trang b chuong
sau.
Sau khi co danh gia khai quat ve qua trinh hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach
hang nam tir nam 2010 den nay tai nude Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao (chu
truong hoan thien, qua trinh hoan thien); de tai da lam ro there trang phuong
there lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia ve ket cau
ban ke hoach (nam 2017); quy trinh va phuong phap lap ke hoach). Qua do, de
tai co danh gia tong quat ve nhung diem manh dat dupe, cung nhu nhung han
che va nguyen nhan cua han che - day thuc su la dong gop dang tran trong
trong nghien cuu thuc trang cua hoc vien, cherng to hoc vien la ngubi nam verng
tinh hinh thuc te dia phuong, tir do lam can cu dua ra nhung giai phap trong lap
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam thbi gian tbi.
Tren co sb ly luan, thuc tien nherng van de moi nay sinh; de tai neu quan diem,
muc tieu va dinh hubng tiep tuc hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao. Tir do, de xuat hoan thien phuong thuc
lap ke hoach b 2 noi dung la hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cua ban ke hoach va
quy trinh, phuong phap cu the b cac bubc cua quy trinh; cung cac dieu kien de
hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach ve he thong van ban phap ly; bo may;
thong tin,... Cac giai phap dupe de cap logic theo trinh tu tir noi dung cua giai
phap, nhu'ng loi ich se dat dupe cung vbi nhung kien nghi de thuc hien giai
phap. Nhin chung he thong giai phap nay la co co sb khoa hoc, sat thuc tien va
kha thi.
2
Nhung van de trao doi them
Xem lai each tong luan ve tinh hinh nghien cuu lien quan den de tai;
Can phan dinh ro rang chuc nang cua ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi 5 nam
va hang nam, giua ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi; ke hoach phat trien nganh
va ke hoach cong tac cua cac co quan quan ly nganh tai dia phuong;
Nen giai thich them moi quan he giua he thong ke hoach hoa va quan ly ngan
sach co tinh long ghep va don nhat nen cac dia phuong deu dtrng trirbc nhung
can trb ve the che va tu duy quan ly giong nhau.
Lam ro hon quy trinh lap ke hoach theo hudng tang cubng tinh chu dong cua
dia phuong va su tham gia cua cac ben;
Su dung phuong thuc quan ly theo ket qua lam co sb khoa hoc chu yeu cua ke
hoach hoa chien luge trong nen kinh te thi tru'bng hien dai trong do can xac
dinh lo trinh doi moi la tang dan va tu dubi len;
Ngoai ra, luan an con mot vai loi trinh bay; con co mot so loi dung tu, chinh ta;
trich dan tai lieu tham khao trong noi dung luan van.
Ket luan
Luan van da dat muc tieu va hoan thanh nhiem vu nghien cuu dat ra. Day la
cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc cong phu, nghiem tuc, co chat luong, co y
nghTa ca ve ly luan va thuc tien. Tac gia cua luan van xung dang dirge nhan hoc
vi Thac si kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te phat trien.
9.
Cau hoi
Han che Ian nhat trong phiromg thirc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi
hang nam cua mrac Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao la gl? Giai phc'ip nao la
quan trong nhat nham tang cirdng sir tham gia cua cac ben trong lap ke hoach
phat trien kinh te - xd hoi hang ndm cua Lao?
Ha Noi, ngay 23 thang 6 ndm 2018
PGS, TS Hoang Van Hoan
MUC LUC
•
•
LOI CAM DOAN
LOI CAM ON
MUC LUC
DANH MUC TU VIET TAT
DANH MUC HINHVE
TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN.................................................. i
LOI MO DAU..................................................................................................................... 1
CHUONG 1 - KHUNG LY THUYET NGHIEN CUU LAP KE HOACH
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA O LAO... 9
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1.1. Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he
thong kehoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.................................................................. 9
1.1.1 .Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.................................................................9
1.1.2. He thong ke hoach hoa phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia................... 9
1.1.3. Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he thong
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi..........................................................................11
1.2. Phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap
quoc gia........................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.1 .Ket cau va noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi............. 18
1,2.2.Quy trinh ky thuat trong lap ke hoach kinh te xa hoi.................................. 19
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1.3. Sir can thiet hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach hang nam cap quoc
gia o’ Lao hien nay.........................................................................................................25
1.3.1. Nhung yeu cau moi trong cong tac lap ke hoach hoa.................................. 25
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1.3.2. Nhung nguyen tac trong lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.............. 26
CHLJONG 2 - DANH GIA THUC TRANG PHUONG THUC LAP KE
HOACH PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
6 LAO TU NAM 2010 DEN NAY...............................................................................35
2.1. Khai quat ve qua trinh hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach tir nam
2010 den nay...................................................................................................................35
2.1.1 .Cac chu truong hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach hang nam..............35
2.1.2. Qua trinh hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach........................................... 38
2.2. Phoo’ng thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh tie - xa hoi hang nam cap
quoc gia........................................................................................................................ 39
2.2.1 .Thuc trang ve ket cau cua ban ke hoach hang nam cap quoc gia............... 39
2.2.2. Thuctrang qqu trinh vv phix
2.3. Danh g'iic chung phuong thuc hien hanh.......................................................51
2.3.1. Mat duoc............................................................................................................ 51
2.3. 2. MM han che........................................................................................................ 55
2.3.3 Ngguen nndn cua nnunn bbt cap....................................................................59
CHVONG 3: HOAN THIEN PHUONG THUC LAP KE HOACH PHAT
TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM 6 CAP QUOC GIA CUA LAO
TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY.............................................................................. 63
3.1. Quan diem , muc tieu va dinh hiodng hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke
hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam o cap quoc gia................................ 63
3.1.1 .Quan diem hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
hang nam...................................................................................................................... 63
3.1.2 Muc tinu hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
hang nam.....................................................................................................................63
3.1.3 Dinh hudng hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi mang tinh chien lupc.......................................................................................... 64
3.2. De xuat noi dung hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach............................ 66
3.2.1. Hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cUa ban ke hoach.......................................... 66
3.2.2. Hoan thien ve quy trinh va phuong phap..................................................... 67
3.3 Cac dieu kien de hhon thien pphong thue I apkehhoch................................ 75
3.3.1 .He thhnn van b bn n Co n uud ve c onn taa 1 ap kk h oach................................. 75
3.3.2. Bo may to chuc Pong gap pe h oacP................................................................ 77
3.3.3. He thOng thnng tin phuc vu cnng tac lap ke hoach..................................... 78
KET LUAN....................................................................................................................... 79
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO............................................................................................. 81
PHU LUC.......................................................................................................................... 83
DANH MUC TU VIET TAT
A
Nghia day du
STT
Chir viet tat
1
CHDCND Lao
Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao
2
KHPT KT-XH
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
3
KH
4
KTXH
Kinh te - xa hoi
5
NSNN
Ngan sach nha nude
6
SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals (Phat trien ben vung)
7
TTCP
Thu tudng Chinh phu
8
TC
9
Bo KH&DT
Ke hoach
Tai chinh
Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu
DANH MUC HINHVE
Hinh 1.1: Moi quan he tac dong lan nhau trong cac loai hinh va cac cap kehoach.. 14
Hinh 1.2: Moi quan he giua ke hoach cap quoc gia; nganh, linh vtrc, tinh, thanh pho.... 15
Hinh 1.3: He thong xay dung ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Laotu tren
xuong dudi...................................................................................................... 20
Hinh 1.4: He thong lap ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Lao tu dudi
len tren............................................................................................................21
Hinh 1.5: Lap ke hoach dua tren ket qua.......................................................................30
Hinh 1.6: Lap ke hoach cd su tham gia......................................................................... 32
Hinh 2.1: Quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc
gia d Lao......................................................................................................... 43
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1
TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN
------- ★★★--------
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
HOAN THIEN
PHUONG THUC LAP
KE HOACH
PHAT
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TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO
Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN
TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN THAC SI
HANOI 2018
If
i
TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN
6 nude CHDCND Lao, cong tac lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap
quoc gia dupe thuc hien hang nam va 5 nam.Tuy nhien, hien nay cac van ban phap
quy chua dong bo; quy trinh, noi dung va phuong phap lap ke hoach, giao ke hoach
chua thong nhat; cac chi tieu ke hoach chua bam sat vdi nhu cau va kha nang cua
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nen kinh te.... Dieu nay da lam giam hieu luc va hieu qua quan ly cua ke hoach doi
vdi phat trien cua cac nganh, cac dia phuong. Do do, de dap ung yeu cau doi moi va
nang cao hieu qua cua nen kinh te, viec hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat
trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia tu he thong van ban phap quy, quy trinh, noi dung
va phuongphap la het sue can thiet.
Vdi phuong thuc lap ke hoach hien nay, ke hoach chi thuc su dupe thuc hien
trong vdng hon mot thang thi chat luong ke hoach kho cd the dam bao. Ngoai ra,
trong vdng hon 1 thang thi viec trien khai ke hoach tu cap dudi len cap tren la het
sue kho khan, dac biet d dia phuong, cac tinh, thanh pho kho cd the cd du thdi gian
de tong hop ke hoach cua cap huyen, cap xa. Neu lam dung quy trinh nay, Bo Ke
hoach va Dau tu se khong the tong hop ke hoach cap dai trinh Chinh phu trong
thang 8. Dieu nay se khong phu hop vdi nguyen tac ke hoach phai dupe tong hop tir
nhu cau tu dudi len tren
De gop phan tham gia y kien vao viec hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke
hoachphat trien kinh te - xa hoi, toi xin lua chon de tai luan van thac si la: Hoan
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thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc
gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao.
De dat dupe muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu neu tren, ngoai phuong phap
luan, duy vat bien chung, duy vat lich su, tren co so dudng loi quan diem cua Dang,
chinh sach cua Nha nude, luan van se su dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu chuyen
nganh nhu phan tich, tong hop, so sanh, mo hinh hoa, ket hop nghien cuu ly luan
vdi thuc tien, bao gdrmTong hop, phan tich so sanh tren co so thuc te qui trinh lap
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao trong thdi gian
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vua qua; Phan tich, so sanh vdi kinh nghiem cua mot so nude de phan tich van de,
tu do rut ra cac ket luan va cac dinh hudng, bien phap sat thuc; Phan tich, so sanh
van de rut ra cac dac diem, tong ket cac ket qua dat duoc, nhung ton tai han che va
dua ra dinh hudng phat huy nhung ket qua, khac phuc nhung ton tai, yeu kem; Y
kien, nghien cuu cua cac chuyen gia lien quan den phuong thurc lap ke hoach phat
trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia d Lao.
Luan van da co nhung dong gop co ban sau:
Thu nhat, Luan van da gop phan lam ro them vi tri, vai trd cua Ke hoach phat trien
kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he thong ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi quoc gia la edng cu de Nha nude dinh
hudng phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua quoc gia, dia phuong trong mot thdi gian nhat
dinh. Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi de duara nhung muc tieu phat trien cua
quoc gia trong mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh ( hang nam, 5 nam, 10 nam,...) va de
ra cac giai phap, chinh sach trong khuon khd nguon luc san cd hoac cd the huy dong
cac nguon luc khacde dat duoc cac muc tieu de ra.
Neu phan chia theo noi dung, he thong ke hoach hoa quoc gia bao gom:
chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, ke hoach
phat tridn kinh te - xa hoi, cac chuong trinh, du an phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
Neu phan chia theo thdi gian, ke hoach hoa cap quoc gia bao gom: Ke hoach
phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5 nam va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam.
Va phan loai theo quy trinh, ke hoach hoa phat trien kinh te - xa hoi dugc chia ra
lam cac khau: lap ke hoach, thuc hien ke hoach, theo doi va danh gia ke hoach.
Ke hoach hang nam la budc cu the hoa cua ke hoach 5 nam. Ke hoach phat
trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam la van ban mang tinh phap ly cao; hoach dinh mang
tinh dieu hanh cao nham thuc hien muc tieu ke hoach hang nam mot each cd he
thong moi mat hoat dong cua dat nude, cua tirng nganh kinh te, xa hoi, tirng lanh
tho trong nam ke hoach
Luan van chi di sau vao nghien cuu phuong thurc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia.
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Luan van cung da neu ra dirge cac khai niem lap ke hoach, phuong thuc lap
ke hoach ( noi dung, quy trinh va phuong phap), cac xu hudng lap ke hoach hien
nay va su can thiet phai hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi hang nam hien nay.
Lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la qua trinh hinh thanh boi canh, xay
dung va lira chon cac muc tieu uu tien trong tung thdi ky, de ra cac giai phap co
hieu qua de dat dugc cac muc tieu trong khuon khd nguon luc san co hoac cd kha
nang huy dong.
Phuong thuc lap ke hoach la trinh tu cac budc trong qua trinh to chuc thuc
hien viec soan lap ke hoach, tu khi chuan bi cho den khi ban ke hoach duoc giao
cho cac cap to chuc thuc hien. Cac budc to chuc soan lap duoc xet tren goc do ky
thuat (quy trinh ky thuat).
Quy trinh ky thuat xac dinh cac budc tien hanh de xac dinh cac noi dung
cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi. Noi dung cua tung budc nay phai
bao gom muc tieu, each tien hanh, thdi gian tien hanh, don vi tien hanh va san
pham cua tung budc.
Nhung xu hudng de hoan thien trong phuong thuc lap ke hoach hien nay la:
Lap ke hoach mang tinh chien luge; Lap ke hoach duatren ket qua; Lap ke hoach co
su tham gia.
Thu hai, Luan van da co nhung tong ket, danh gia nhung mat dugc, mat ton
tai va cac nguyen nhan yeu kern ve phuong thuc ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
hang nam cap quoc gia hien nay d Lao.
Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu VIII,IX va lan thu X da de ra dudng loi doi
mdi toan dien va sau sac cor che quan ly kinh te cua CHDCND Lao. Viec chuyen
doi nen kinh te theo co che thi trudng, co su quan ly cua Nha nude bang phap luat,
Ke hoach, chinh sach va cac cong cu khac, doi hoi phai cd su thay doi can ban ca
venoi dung, phuong phap va pham vi ke hoach hoa. Viec doi mdi nay se dan dan
thay doi ve phuong phap luan nghien cuu xay dung ke hoach; lay viec nghien cuu
xay dung ke hoach dai han cd budc di tung nam la chinh, ke hoach hang nam chi la
budc cu the hoa cua ke hoach 5 nam. Viec xay dung ke hoach bay gid khong chi la
viec cua Nha nude, cua mot don vi cu the nao ma la cong viec cua tat ca cac nganh,
cac cap de dam bao khi ban hanh co the huy dong cac nguon luc thuc hien
cacnhiem vu va dat duqccac muc tieu da de ra trong ban ke hoach.
Trong co che ke hoach hoa tap trung, quy trinh lap ke hoach duqc tien hanh
theo he thong phuong thuc tu tren xuong va tir dudi len tren. Qua trinh xay dung
nhu vay thudng bi chi phoi bdi ca nhung y kien chu quan cua cac cap lanh dao va
nhung ngudi xay dung ke hoach. Quy trinh xay dung ke hoach hien nay duqc doi
mdi dua tren nen tang: ke hoach cua cac cap, cac nganh hay ke hoach cua dia
phuong la ke hoach mang tinh doc lap tuong doi, khong phai la cac chi tieu true tiep
do Trung uong giao ma la cu the hoa cac chi tieu, dinh hudng cua Trung uong vao
dieu kien cu the cua cac nganh, cac cap va do nganh, dia phuong xay dung thuc
hien tai nganh, dia phuong
Danh gid nhung quy trinh ky thuat
Mat duqc: quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi da the hien duqc
quan diem tong hop tu dudi len va co su chi dao, dieu hanh tutren xuong; da co su
tham gia cua nhieu ben vao qua trinh xay dung ke hoach, the hien tinh dan chu.
Mat han che: cac don vi tham gia vao qua trinh lap ke hoach con chua thuc
su coi ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi co y nghia thiet thuc va la kirn chi nam
hanh dong cua don vi nen muc do tham gia va dong gop vao qua trinh xay dung ke
hoach con han che . Hon nua, thdi gian trong ttrng budc de cac don vi xay dung ke
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hoach con qua ngan, khong du thdi gian de cac don vi cap dudi va cung cap chuan
bi gui den co quan tong hop day du cac thong tin, noi dung tu ban ke hoach cua cac
nganh cung cap lien quan va cua cac don vi cap dudi. Do do, hien nay dudng nhu
trong ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia khong the hien
rd ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua cap tinh va den luqt ke hoach phat trien
cap huyen, xa. Cac budc xay dung KHPT KT-XH hang nam chua the hien rd la mot
budc cu the hoa cua Chien luqc phat trien KTXH va KTPT KT-XH 5 nam. Dudng
nhu KHPT KT-XH hang nam hien nay van bi xay dung doc lap voi cac ke hoach
dai han. Them vao do, trong cac budc cua quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te -
xa hoi hien nay chua the hien budc danh cho cong tac theo doi va danh gia ke
hoach. Day la mot khau rat quan trong giup cho qua trinh lap ke hoach sat voi thuc
te hon.
Cac nguyen nhan ton tai: trong qua trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi hang nam cua ca nude trong thdi gian qua chua cd mot van ban quy pham phap
luat chinh thuc, rieng biet nao. Hang nam, van ban duoc dung lam can cu xay dung
ke hoach la Chi thi cua Thu tudng va Khung hudng dan xay dung ke hoach cua Bo
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Ke hoach va Dau tu. Nang luc va so luong can bo lap ke hoach chua dap ung duoc
yeu cau; he thong co so du lieu lap ke hoach d cac cap edn thieu va yeu; he thong
bieu mau, chi tieu hudng dan chua dong bo va edn mang tinh ap dat.
Thu ba, Luan van da de xuat cac dinh hudng, muc tieu va dieu kien hoan thien
phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia Lao hien
nay. Dong thdi, Luan van cung neu len cac kien nghi ve phia Chinh phu, phia cac bo,
nganh lien quan va ve phia dia phuong de thuc hien hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke
hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia mot each dong bo.
Hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam
cap quoc gia phai: tao ra mot quy trinh thong nhat va long ghep vdi phuong thuc lap
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d cac cap dia phuong va gan vdi quy trinh lap ke
hoach d cap bo, nganh; nang cao dupe chat luong cua ban ke hoach; gop phan tao
dieu kien thuan loi cho cong tac chi dao, dieu hanh va theo doi, danh gia thuc hien
ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia; nang cao dupe vai
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tro cua cac co quan tong hop ke hoach, nhu Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, So Ke hoach
va Dau tu d cac dia phuong...
Dinh hudng hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat: Ke hoach phat trien kinh texa hoi
hang nam phai dua tren ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5 nam va quy hoach
phat trien hoac nhung dinh hudng phat trien trung han. Can tham khao nhieu
phuong phap trong qua trinh lap ke hoach nhu phuong phap “cuon chieu”, phuong
phap lap ke hoach co str tham gia, lap ke hoach chien luqc, lap ke hoach dua tren
ket qua.
De xuat noi dung hoan thien phuang thuc lap ke hoach.
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Hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cua ban ke hoach
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De xuat ket cau mdi
Ket cau ban ke hoach hien nay
Phan I: Bao cao thuc hien KH nam X
Phan I: Danh gia thuc trang thuc hien
Phan II: Ke hoach nam X+l
KH nam X
Muc tieu
Phan II: Du bao cac yeu to tac dong den
Chi tieu
nam X+1
Nhiem vu dinh hudng nganh linh vuc
Phan III: Muc tieu - nhiem vu - giai
Phan III: Cac giai phap to chuc thuc phap thuc hien KH nam X+l
hien
Muc tieu va chi tieu dinh hudng
Phu luc: Bieu bang so lieu
Nhiem vu va chi tieu thuc hien
Giai phap thuc hien nhiem vu va chi tieu
giai phap
Phan IV:Ke hoach theo doi danh gia.
Phuc luc: Bieu bang so lieu
Phan ben trai mo ta ket cau cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang
nam, 5 nam cap quoc gia hay dia phuong. Ket cau hien hanh cua ban ke hoach co
mot so diem bat loi cho viec hoan thien he thong chi tieu: (i) Su tach biet giua ke
hoach (muc tieu, chi tieu va nhiem vu) vdi giai phap da lam cho he thong cac giai
phap neu ra rat chung chung, khong gan vdi muc tieu hay nhiem vu nao, nen khong
the xay dung duoc he thdng chi tieu ke hoach lien quan logic vdi nhau; (ii) Viec
ket cau muc tieu va chi tieu dinh hudng tach rdi nhaucung rat “choi voi”, khong
cho phep dat ra, ket hop vdi vieckhong gan cu the vdi giai phap, nen rat kho
khan trong viec to chuc thuc hien ke hoach; (iii) cac nhiem vu dinh hudng phat
trien nganh lmh vuc, thuc chat la cac chi tieu ke hoach nganh va linh vuc; (iv)
viec khong cd phan ke hoach theo doi danh gia mot mat gay kho khancho viec to
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ch tic theo doi danh gia ke hoach, mat khac khong the hinh thanh dupe cac chi so
theo doi danh gia, mot yeu cau can dat ra doi vdi ke hoach trong nen kinh te thi
trudng vi no luon gap phai nhung rui ro do sir hien dong bat thirdng trong qua
trinh thuc hien ke hoach.
Hoan thien ve quy trinh va phuong phap
Quy trinh dupe chia lam 2 giai doan chinh, bao gom:
Giai doan I: Xay dung, cap nhat dir thao Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
hang nam ca nude, bao gom cac budc:
Budc 1: Xay dung khung du thao Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi. Cuoi
thang 3, sau khi cd bao cao bo sung tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi cua nam trudc, bao cao
tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Quy I va du bao tinh hinh
thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi trong nam hien tai. Co quan chiu trach
nhiem (Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu) tong hop, xay dung dur thao Ke hoach phat trien
kinh te xa hoi cua ca nude. Day cung la can cur de xay dung Chi thi xay dung KHPT
KT-XH nam ke hoach tiep theo cua Thu tudng Chinh phu va Khung hoac Thong tu
hudng dan xay dung KHPT KT-XH cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu. Dong thdi, cung
tu thdi diem nay, cac bo, nganh va dia phuong cung dir thao xay dung ban Ke
hoach phat trien cua don vi minh tren co so bao cao danh gia lai tinh hinh thuc hien
ke hoach nam trudc va bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien Quy I cua nam hien tai. Cac cap,
nganh dong thdi cung xay dung ke hoach phat trien cua don vi minh vao thdi diem
nay vira tao sir chu dong, tranh tinh trang sao chep ke hoach cua Trung uong
vachinh sua lai thanh ke hoach cua don vi. Qua do, cung phan nao tranh duoc benh
hinh thuc trongxay dung ke hoach phat trien cua don vi minh.
Budc 2: Thu thap tinh hinh KTX11 va du thao chi thi cua Thu tudng Chinh
phu ve xay dung KHPT KT-XH. Khoang tir cuoi thang 3 va trong thang 4 thi cac
don vi se tien thanh thu thap tinh hinh thuc hien KHPT KT-XH va dir thao Chi thi
cua Thu tudng Chinh chu ve xay dung KHPT KTXH nam tiep theo. Bao cao ve tinh
hinh thuc hien nam trudc, nam hien tai va cac du bao trong tuong lai se la cac
nguon du lieu de xay dung Chi thi, dong thdi cung se dupccap nhat vao du thao
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KHPT KT-XH dang xay dung va chuan bi cho Khung hoac Thong tu xay dung ke
hoach nam tiep theo.
Budc 3: Trinh va duyet Chi thi xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam tiep theo. Bo
Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh tong hop, xin y kien cac bo, nganh va dia phuong
ve du thao Chi thi xay dung KHPT KT-XH. Noi dung chu yeu cua Chi thi neu ra
nhung dac diem noi bat cua nam hien tai, nhung du bao va cac van de can tap trung
chu yeu trong nam ke hoach can xay dung, tien do cu the va phan cong cac nhiem
vu cu the hon cho cac don vi xay dung va phoi hop trong qua trinh xay dung KHPT
KT-XH. Ve co ban thi he thong chi tieu, bieu mau danh gia va bao cao ke hoach da
duoc quy dinh cu the trong cac van ban Nghi dinh. Thong tu ve lap, theo doi va
danh gia ke hoach. Trong Chi thi cua Thu tudng ve xay dung KHPT KT-XH nhin
chung van theo he thong van ban nay, chi co mot so trudng hop dac biet co thethem
hoac bdt mot so chi tieu cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh dac diem phat trien thuc te. Vi
du: hien nay Tong cue thong ke dang dan khong tinh GTSX cong nghiep ma tinh
theo Chi so phat trien cong nghiep. Sau do, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se trinh du thao
Chi thi ve xay dung KHPT KTXH sau khi tiep thu y kien cua cac bo, nganh va dia
phuong vdi Thu tudng Chinh phu cho y kien va phe duyet. Chi thi nay dupe ban
hanh khoang thdi gian dau thang 5 nam hien hanh.
Budc 4: Ban hanh Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan xay dung KHPT KTXH. Song song vdi qua trinh xay dung Chi thi cua Thu tudng, Bo Ke hoach va
Dautu cung xay dung Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan xay dung KHPT KT-XH
nam tiep theo. Noi dung chu yeu cua Khung hoac Thong tu nay se can cu vao Chi
thi cua Thu tudng va cu the hoa noi dung cua Chi thi, hudng dan chi tiet hon neu cd
cac noi dung moi, noi dung can tap trung, cac chi tieu moi xuat hien can danh gia,
theo doi trong thdi gian toi. Van ban nay dupe ban hanh vao khoang giua thang 5.
Budc 5: Gop y du thao Ke hoach phat trien cua cac don vi. Saukhi cd Chi thi
cua Thu tudng, Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu ve
xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam tiep theo, cac bo, nganh, tap doan kinh te, tong cong
ty Nha nude va cac dia phuong se tiep tuc cap nhat va xay dung du thao ke
