Cơ hội và những vấn đề đặt ra đối với hoạt động xuất khẩu hàng hoá việt nam sang thị trường eu mở rộng

TRVdW DAI HOC KIMI TE QUOC DAIS

NGUYEN THI QUYNH GIANG
DAI HOC K.TQD

TRUNG TAM
THONG TIN THLTVIEN

CO HOI
RA
■ VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT
■
DOI V01 HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU HANG HOA
VIET NAM SANG THI TROONG EU MO RONG
Chuyen nganh: KINH TE Ddl NGOAI

LUAN
VAN THAC
Sf KINH TE
■
■

Ngitoi kiting dan khoa hoc:
PGS. TS. DO DLTC BINH

THS
Hu

»

- 2OOG


MUC LUC
•

•

Trang
DANH MUC CAC CHU CAI VIET TAT
DANH MUC BANG

DANH MUC HINH
DANH MUC HOP

DANH MUC PHU LUC

TOM TAT LUAN VAN
LOI MO DAU ................................................................................................................................ 1
CHUONG 1. MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE LIEN KET, HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC

TE VA VAI TRO CUA EU TRONG NEN KINH TE THE GI6l................... 4

1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va hinh thuc lien ket hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

4

i
<
9

r
1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem cua lien ket kinh te quoc te................

4

r

r

r

1.1.2 Ban chat va tinh tat yeu khach quan cua hoi nhap kinh te quoc te..........5
1.1.3 Cac tac dong cua lien ket, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te...................................... 7

1.1.4 Cac loni hinh lien ket, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te ............................................ 8

1.2 Tong quan ve qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cua EU................................... 10
1.2.1 Sir ra dOi cua Cong dong chau Au.................................................................... 10

1.2.2 Su hinh thanh lien minh tien te chau Au
•>

10

r

1.2.3 The che cua lien minh Chau Au

11

1.2.4 Muc dich mb rong cua EU..................................................................... 12
1.3. Ss can thiet day manli qqan he thuung mai Viet Nam - EU............................... 15
1.3.1 Ve phia EU............................................................................................................... 15

1.3.2 Ve phia Viet Nam................................................................................................... 15

1.4 Thit^m■ngEU.................................................................................................17
1.4.1 Dac diem cua tin trubng EU.............................................................................. 17


1.4.2 Chinh sach ngoai thuong cua EU........................................................... 21

1.4.3 Cac yeu cau cua thi truong EU doi vdi hang nhap khau ...................... 28
CHUONG 2. THUC
VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT
XUAT
• TRANG
•
• RA DOI VOI HOAT
• DONG
•
KHAU HANG HOA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG EU MORONG......... 32

2.1 Khai quat hoat dong xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam vao thi truong
EU giai doan 2000 - nay............................................................................... 32

2.1.1 Ve kim ngach........................................................................................... 33
2.1.2 Ve co cau thi truong............................................................................... 35

2.1.3 Ve cor cau xuat khau............................................................................... 36

A

Q

2.2 Thue trang xuat khau giay dep Viet Nam sang thi truong EU giai doan

2000 den nay ................................................................................................ 37

2.2.1 Ve kim ngach.......................................................................................... 37
2.2.2 Ve cor cau thi truong tung nunc EU...................................................... 40

2.2.3 Ve cor cau mat hang giay dep............................................................... 44
r

2.3 Thue trang xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam sang thi truong EU giai doan

2000 den nay ............................................................................................... 48
2.3.1 Ve kim ngach.......................................................................................... 48

2.3.2 Ve cor cau kim ngach xuat khau hang thuy san Viet Nam sang thi

truong cac nude EU md rong giai doan 2000 - 2005 ......................... 51
2.3.3 Ve co cau cac mat hang thuy san xuat khau chinh sang thi truong EU

md rong giai doan 2000 - 2005............................................................. 53
r

2.4 Thd'i co’ cho hoat dong xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng

EU mo rong................................................................................................... 56

2.4.1 Co hoi chung........................................................................................... 56
2.4.2 Rieng doi vdi mat hang giay dep.......................................................... 70

2.4.3 Rieng doi vdi mat hang thuy san........................................................... 72


2.5 Nhfiriig van de dat ra doi vo’i hoat dong xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam

sang thi tauong EU mo1 aong..................................................................... 76

2.5.1 Kho hhan, thaeh thue chung.................................................................. 76
2.5 .2 Doi vai hnng giny dep............................................................................ 80
2.5 .2 Doi vai hnng thuy san............................................................................ 83
CHVONG 3. DINH HVONG VA GIAI PHAP TANG CVONG XUAT KHAU HANG
HOA VIET NAM SANG EU TC NAY DEM NAM 2010............................. 88

3.1 Taien vong phat taien hoat dong uuat hhau hnng hia Viet Nam sang thi

tauang EU mo aong...................................................................................... 88
3.1.1 Nhan to tac dong.................................................................................... 88
3.1.2 Taien vong............................................................................................... 89

3.2 Quan diem eua dang vn nhn nuae ve hoat dong uuat hhau - him ehi

nam uay dang ehien luo'e uuat hhau sang thi tauong EU tw nay den

2010 vn tam nhin 20210................................................................................ 91
3.3 Dinh huang eho haat dong uuat hhau hnng hia Viet Nam sang thi

tauong EU giai doan tw nay den 2010, tam nhin 2020........................... 91

3.4 Kien nghi doi vai hoat dong uuat hhau hnng hia Viet Nam sang thi

tauong EU mo' aong......................................................................................94
r

t

3.5 Giai phap tang euong uuat hhau hnng hia Viet Nam sang thi tauong EU

den nam 2010 vn tam nhin 2020................................................................ 96
3.5.1 Giai phap tong the................................................................................. 96

3.5.2 Giai phap eho hang giny dep............................................................... 103
3.5.3 Giai phap eho hnng thuy san................................................................ 109
KET LUAN............................................................................................................................................ 116
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

PHU LUC


DANH MUC CHU CAI VIET TAT

AFTA

APEC
ASEM

CEEC

Asean Free Trade Agreement

Hiep dinh thuong mai tu do
ASEAN

Asean Pacific Economic

Hop tac kinh te chau A- Thai Binh

Cooperation

Duong

Asia - Europe Meeting

Dien dan hop tac A - Au

Central & Eastern European
Countries

/V

Cac nuoc Trung va Dong Au

EU

European Union

Lien Minh Chau Au

CAP

Chloramphenicol

Chat khang sinh Chloramphenicol

Ecological Management and

Chuong trinh Quan ly va Kiem tra

Audit Scheme

Sinh hoc

EMU

European Monetary Union

Lien Minh Tien te

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

z

9

EMAS

9

r-r-1 /V

1

9

Z
A

9
A

r

GSP
FDI

ISO

----

........................................

Generalized System of

He thOng uu dai

Preferences

thue quan pho cap

Foreign Direct Investment

Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai

Hazard Analysis Critical

He thOng phan tich mOi nguy va

Control Point

kiem soat diem kiem soat toi han

z

HACCP

A •

1 ong san pham quoc noi

International Standard
Organization

rp A

1

Z

z

. • A

1

A

A, A

To chuc tieu chuan quoc te

USD

United States Dollas

Do la My

WTO

World Trade Organization

TO chuc Thuong mai the gioi

’ ’


DANH MUC BANG
Bang 1: Ty trong cac thi truong xuat khau chinh trong tong kim ngach xuat

khau cua Viet Nam thoi ky 2000-2005.................................................. 33
Bang 2: Kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam vdi thanh vien EU25 giai doan

2000 - 2005............................................................................................. 35
Bang 3: Mot so mat hang xuat khau chinh cua Viet Nam sang EU..................... 36
Bang 4: Kim ngach xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam sang EU giai doan

2000-4T/2006.......................................................................................... 38
Bang 5: Ty trong xuat khau giay dep theo thi truong cua Viet Nam nam 2000 - 2005..... 40

Bang 6: Co cau xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam theo thi truong tung nude EU 25........ 42
Bang 7 : Co cau xuat khau vao EU - 2005 ............................................................ 43
Bang 8: Kim ngach xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang EU giai doan nam

2000-4T/2006......................................................................................... 49
Bang 9: Xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang thi truong cac nude EU giai

doan 2000 - 2005 ...................................................................................52

54

Bang 10: Co cau theo gia tri hang thuy san xuat khau sang thi truong EU 2000 - 2005

DANH MUC BIEU
7

7

7

A

Bieu T. Ty trong cac thi truong xuat khau chinh trong tong kim ngach xuat

khau cua Viet Nam thoi ky 2000-2005................................................... 34

Bieu 2: Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang thi truong EU giai

doan 2000 - 4T/2006.............................................................................. 34

Bieu 3: Kim ngach xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam sang EU giai doan 20004T/2006 ...................................................................................................39
Bieu 4: Ty trong xuat khau giay dep theo thi truong cua Viet Nam nam 2000 - 2005.....41

Bieu 5 : Co cau xuat khau hang giay dep vao EU - 2005..................................... 44


DANH MU
• C HO
• P

Hop 1: Nien bieu cua EU....................................................................................... 13
Hop 2: No luc cua Nha nudc va doanh nghiep trong hoat dong xuat khau thuy

san sang thi truong EU.............................................................................. 50
A

Hop 3: EU mo rong khong phai la kho khan, trai lai co nhieu thuan loi cho
hang hoa xuat khau Viet Nam...................................................................558

nhung doi tuong ngheo o Viet Nam ........................................................ 60

Hop 5: EU mong muon mot moi quan he moi vdi ASEAN................................ 61
r

•>

A

Hop 6: Nhung thuan loi cho hang hoa Viet Nam xuat khau vao Dong Au..............66
A

7

Hop 7: Co hoi cho su phat trien doanh nghiep Viet Nam tai cac nudc Dong Au.......... 67

Hop 8: "Be phong" cho hop tac doanh nghiep Viet Nam - EU........................... 69
r

a

Hop 9: Mot so doanh nghiep Viet Nam o Dong Au trudc nhung kho khan khi

EU mo rong............................................................................................... 80

Hop 10: De xuat cua tac gia ve bien phap cho nganh da-giay............................ 105
Hop 11: Day manh xuat khau truc tiep vao EU cho da giay...............................106

Hop 12: Nhung loi khuyen cho cac nha xuat khau giay dep sang EU............... 108
Hop 13: Chien luoc tham nhap thi truong EU..................................................... 113
DANH MUC PHU LUC

Phu luc 1: Tong kim ngach xuat khau theo nam giai doan 1996-2005

Phu luc 2: Nhap khau vao thi truong EU va tieu chuan hoa
A

A

Phu luc 3: Tiem nang thi uong tieu thu ca ngu chau Au
Phu luc 4: Thi truong tom chau Au dau nam 2006

Phu luc 5: Kha nang canh tranh cua mat hang giay dep cua Viet Nam so vdi
Trung Quoc


ITHfdW DAI HOC KLVII TE QUOC DAA
ID

NGUYEN THI QUYNH GIANG

CO HOI VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA
DOI VOl HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU HANG HOA
VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG EU MO RONG
Chuyen nganh: KINH TE DOI NGOAI

LUAN
VAN THAC
ST KINH TE
■
■

TOM T&T LUAN
VAN THAC
SI KINH TE
■
■

Ngud'i huong dan khoa hoc:
PGS. TS. DO DLTC BINH

Htl \ 7>i - 2OOG


i

Lien minh chau Au (EU) la mot thi truong day tiem nang vdi gan 490
trieu dan co nhu cau da dang va phong phu. Mac du da kha quen thuoc doi vdi

cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam nhung cung rat kho tinh vdi nhung doi
hoi khat khe ve thi hieu, co che, chinh sach nhap khau. Tir khi EU md rong gom
25 nude thanh vien thi day la diem day hua hen cho cac doanh nghiep xuat khau

cua Viet Nam.
Viet Nam da, dang va se tiep tuc tham nhap vao thi truong da dang va day
r

e r

bien dong nay. Song, vdi nhung thanh cong va that bai cua qua khu, vdi nhung
bien dong moi ve thi truong va chinh sach, viec day manh xuat khau hang hoa

sang EU25 la co hoi Ion nhung cung la thach thuc khong nho doi vdi cac doanh
nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam. Viec khao sat, tong ket, danh gia thi truong va thuc

tien xuat khau, tu do dua ra luan giai khoa hoc ve giai phap day manh xuat khau

sang thi truong EU md rong la het sue can thiet. Day se la nhung dinh hudng
7

7

A

ldn, nhung goi y quan trong cho cac doanh nghiep de cd the md rong thi phan,
kinh doanh hieu qua tren thi truong nay.

CHUONG1
MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE LIEN KET, HOl NHAP KINH TE

QUOC TE VA VAI TRO CUA EU TRONG NEN KINH TE THE Gl6l
1.1 KHAI NIEM, DAC DIEM VA HINH THLC LIEN KET HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE

Khai niein
r

r

r

r

r

y

r

r

Lien ket kinh te qudc te la qua trinh hap nhat cac nen kinh te cua cac qdc

gia trong mot he thong kinh te thong nhat vai cac moi quan he kinh te duac sap
r

r

xep trong mot trat ty nhat dinh tren ca sa thoa thuan giua cac nude thanh vien.
Dac trung cua lien ket kinh te qudc te:

Thu nhat, lien ket kinh te qudc te hinh thanh va phat trien la do su phu thuoc

lan nhau giua cac qudc gia ngay cang gia tang.Thu hai, lien ket kinh te qudc te la


ii
mot hoat dong tu giac cua cac Chinh phu tren co so nhan thuc dupe nhung lpi l'ch
do qua trinh nay mang lai. Thu ba, lien ket kinh te quoc te la mot giai phap hop ly

de xu ly moi quan he co tinh chat doi nghich nhau giua cac xu huong tu do hoa

Ban chat va tinh tat yeu khach quan cua hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

r

r

r

r

Khai niem va ban chat cua hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

cac to chive hop tac kinh te khu vuc va toan cau, trong do moi quan he giua cac
nude thanh vien cd su rang buoc theo nhung quy dinh chung cua khoi. Noi mot
each khdi qudt nhdt, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la qua trinh cac quoc gia thuc

hien mo hinh kinh te md, tu nguyen tham gia vao cac dinh che kinh te va tai
chinh quoc te, thuc hien thuan lai hoa va tu do hoa thuang mai, dau tu va cac

hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai khac.

r

r

5

x

kinh te the gibi; Qua trinh xoa bo tung buoc va tung phan cac rao can ve thuong
a

r

e

r

mai va dau tu giua cac quoc gia theo huong tu do hoa kinh te; Tao thuan lpi cho

viec thuc hien cac cong cuoc cai each b cac quoc gia nhung dong thbi cung la yeu
cau, sue ep doi vbi cac quoc gia trong viec doi moi va hoan thien the che kinh te,

dac biet la cac chinh sach va phuong thuc quan ly vi mb; Tao dung cac nhan to moi

va dieu kien moi cho su phat trien cua tung quoc gia va cong dong quoc te tren co
7

r

sb trinh do phat trien ngay cang cao va hien dai cua luc lupng san xuat; su khoi
A

A

thong cac dong chay nguon luc trong va ngoai nuoc, tao dieu kien mb rong thi
trubng, chuyen giao cong nghe va cac kinh nghiem quan ly.

Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la xu huong khach quan.
Moi quoc gia trong qua trinh hoi nhap de phat trien, trong boi canh canh
tranh gay gat deu phai chu y den cac quan he trong va ngoai khu vuc. Ve lau dai,

iii
i

r

r

•

r

r

x

-x

r

cung nhu trade mat, viec giai quyet cac van de cua quoc gia deu phai tinh den va
can nhac vdi xu hirdng hoi nhap toan cau de dam bao loi ich phat trien toi uu cua
moi quoc gia. Viet Nam cung khong nam ngoai qua trinh nay.

Cac tac dong cua lien ket, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

Nhung tac dong tich cue
Nhung tac dong tieu cue

Cac loai hinh lien ket, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

Thu nhat, theo goc do chu the cd lien ket nho va lien ket ldn.
Thu hai, can cu vao cac cap do cua lien ket cd khu vuc mau dich tu do,

Khu vuc mau dich tu do (Free Trade Area
<

a

Dong minh thue quan (Custom Union
Thi truong chung (Common Market

Lien minh tien te (Monetary Union)
Lien minh kinh te (Economic Union)
1.2. TONG QUAN VE QUA TRINH HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN CUA EU
A

A

Su ra ddi cua Cong dong chau Au
A

Su hinh thanh lien minh tien te chau Au
The che cua lien minh Chau Au

Muc dich md rong cua EU

Muc tieu chinh tri
Muc dich kinh te
1.3. SV CAN THIET CUA VIEC DAY MANH QUAN HE THUONG MAI VIET NAM - EU

Ve phia EU

Theo danh gia mot each khach quan va day du ve tiem nang va vai tro
r

r

cua Viet Nam ddi vdi EU thi Viet Nam trade het cd vi tri dia ly, chinh tri thuan

loi cho giao luu quoc te. Vdi vi tri trang tarn cua Dong Nam A, Viet Nam duoc
nhu “nga sau mat tien cua ban dao Dong Duong, la cua ngo nhin ra Thai Binh


Duong cua ban dao nay. Trong con mat cua chau Au, Viet Nam la mot thi
truong day hap dan vdi tiem nang to ldn ve kinh te, tai nguyen va con nguoi.

Ve phia Viet Nam
Su tang cuong cac hoat dong trao doi thuong mai giua Viet Nam va EU
r

r

r

cho phep cac yeu to san xuat dang dupc su dung o trong nudc duoc phan bo lai

mot cach hieu qua hon; dong thoi toi da hoa gia tri su dung, khai thac, tang muc
do mo rong quy mo chuyen mon hoa san xuat, tan dung dupc quy luat hieu qua
tang dan theo quy mo san xuat, dem lai lpi ich cao ve mat kinh te. Them vao do,
Viet Nam co co hoi thuan lpi de doi chieu, tham khao, hoc hoi kinh nghiem ve

r
5
quan ly, ky thuat san xuat.., dao tao dupc mot nguon nhan luc doi dao va co chat
a

r

lupng, dap ung nhu cau ky thuat cong nghe trong thoi gian mdi, dong thoi cung
cap cong an viec lam, nang cao thu nhap va doi song cho nguoi lao dong, gop
phan phat trien xa hoi.

1.4 THI TRUONG EU
•>

Dae diem cua thi truong EU

Tap quan, thi hieu tieu dung

Kenh phan phoi
Chinh sach ngoai thuotig cua EU
Bieu thue quan thong nhat (CCT - Common Custom Tariff)

Chuong tr'inh uu dai thue quan pho cap (GSP) cua EU

Chinh sach chong ban pha gia

Cac bien phap bao ve nguoi tieu dung cua Lien minh chau Au
Cac yeu cau cua thi truong EU doi vdi hang nhap khau
Thu nhat la tieu chuan chat lupng
Thu hai la tieu chuan ve sinh thuc pham

Thu ba la tieu chuan an toan cho nguoi su dung
Thu tu la tieu chuan bao ve moi truong
Thu nam la tieu chuan ve lao dong
Ngoai ra, EU con su dung cac cong cu hanh chinh khac nham quan ly nhap khau.


V
CHUONG 2
THU*C TRANG VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA DOI VOI HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU
HANG HOA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG EU MO RONG

2.1 KHAI QUAT HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA WET NAM VAO THI

TRUONG EU GIAI DOAN 2000 - NAY

Ve kim ngach
Bang 1: Ty trong cac thi truong xuat khau chinh trong tong kim ngach

xuat khau cua Viet Nam thoi ky 2000-2005
Dan vi: %
Nam

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

ASEAN

18,2

17,4

17,4

14,7

14,9

18,0

EU

19,5

19,98

19,4

19,9

24,9

25,1

Nhat

18,8

15,3

14,2

14,34

13,7

13,69

Trung Quoc

11,0

10,2

8,99

8,03

10,32

-

Uc

9,1

8,6

7,98

7,03

6,79

7,98

My

5,3

9,7

14,7

19,6

18,4

18,84

Bieu 1: Ty trong cac thi truong xuat khau chinh trong tong kim ngach
xuat khau cua Viet Nam thoi ky 2000-2005

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%

□ My
■ UC
□ Trung Qudc

□ Nhat

30%
20%
10%
0%

■ ASEAN
□ EU

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

yr

Nguon: Cac bao cao thong ke tu 2000-2005 cua Bo Thuang mai


vi
Bang tren cho thay mot xu huong noi bat la ty trong cua thi truong EU
trong tong kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam ngay cang tang vuot cac thi
truong khac nhu Nhat Ban, ASEAN. Do do, ta co the noi rang, thi truong EU

ngay cang dong vai tro quan trong trong hoat dong xuat khau cua Viet Nam.
r
Ve co cau thi truong
a

Bang 2: Kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam voi thanh vien EU25

giai doan 2000 - 2005

(Dan vi: trieu USD)
Ten nuoc
Ai-len
Anh
Ao
Bi-Lux

Bo-Dao-Nha
Dan-mach
Duc
Ha-lan
Hy-lap
I-ta-lia
Phan-lan
Phap
Tay-ban-nha
Thuy-dien
Ba lan
Ex-to-ni-a
Hung- ga- ri
Latvia
Litva
Man- ta
Sec
Dao Sip
Slovakia
Slovenia

2000
12.1
479.3
23.6
311.6
8.9
58.2
730.1
390.2

218.0
22.4
379.7
137.2
55.1
61 .4
0.2
14.9
1.5
0.2
0.5
35.2
1.4
5.4
1.7

2001
20.8
511.6
28.9
341.3
6.2
49.7
721.8
364.5
21.1
237.9
19.9
467.5
158.5

53.2
78.5
1.1
16.4
1.6
0.7
0.2
38.2
2.2
5.5
1.6

2002
19.0
570.8
29.5
335.1
5.6
62.5
720.7
404.3
35.0
263.8
24.2
438.5
178.5
62.4
66.9
2.0
21.1

1.1
5.4
0.24
39.5
1.5
7.2
2.2

2003
17.1
754.8
38.3
391.6
10.4
71.2
854.7
493.2
42.0
331.1
28.1
496.1
234.1
90.0
83.6
2.3
18.3
3.3
4.2
0.5
39.0

2.1
8.2
-

2004
28.4
1011.4
59.5
512.8
16.2
80.2
1066.2
581.8
45.0
370.1
41.9
557.9
312.5
108.6
82.2
2.2
21.6
3.5
0.8
42.7
2.9
8.6
6.9

2005

25.1
1015.8
88.9
544.2
22.9
88.2
1086.7
659.7
55.1
469.7
57.1
652.7
410.4
133.6
81.8
4.2
27.0
3.7
2.1
49.1
4.8
11.8
8.9

Nguon: Bao cao thong ke cua Bo Thuang mai 2000-2005
Voi cac thanh vien cu, thi kim ngach xuat khau lon nhat, luon dung dau la

Duc, thu hai la Anh, thu ba la Ha Lan, tiep do la Phap. Doi voi cac nuoc thanh

vii
vien mdi, Ba Lan van la nude dung ddu trong kim ngach xu£t khau cua Viet

Nam sang cac nude thuoc khdi CEEC, thu hai la Cong hoa See, tiep ddn la
Hung-ga-ri va Slovakia.

Ve co cau xuat khau
r

r

■>

Bang 3: Mot so mat hang xuat khau chinh cua Viet Nam sang EU
(Dan vi: Trieu USD)

Ten hang
Giay dep

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005 T4/2006

1.039,2 1.163,0 1.327,9 1.602,5 1.794,6 1.760.3

594,4

Det may

609,0

607,7

551,9

537,1

820

475,6

Ca phe, che

204,2

201,8

170,5

267,9 563,93 1081,5

483,1

Thuy san

154,9

115,0

97,9

153,2

212.2

367,3

55,2

Thu cong my nghe

111,3

119,2

149,5

172,0

199,2

158,5

71,3

Cac mat hang khac

705,8

945,0 1.013,5 1.126,1 1.508,4 3.912,4 1.938,4

692,9

TOng KNXK cua
2.824,4 3.151,7 3.311,0 3.858,8 4.971,2 8.100,0 3618,0
Viet Nam sang EU
Nguon: Bao cao Bo Thwang mai 2000-2005
Giay dep la mat hang xuat khau co kim ngach xuat khau ldn nhat cua Viet

Nam vao EU, dat 1,794 ty USD vao nam 2005, gap 1,7 lan nam 2000. Mat hang

co kim ngach xuat khau ldn thu hai cua Viet Nam vao EU la det may, dat 820
trieu USD nam 2005. Ca phe, che la nhung mat hang xuat khau truyen thong

vao EU on dinh va tang kha deu dan. Trong giai doan 2000 - 2004, kim ngach
xuat khau mat hang thuy san sang thi truong EU co su gia tang deu dan, tuy co

su giam sut nam 2002, song sang nam 2003 kim ngach xuat khau thuy san da co
dau hieu phuc hoi nhanh chong. Va trong nam 2004-2005, da co su gia tang

manh cua kim ngach xuat khau thuy san do nhu cau tieu dung cua nguoi dan

chau Au ngay cang tang cao va anh hudng cua dich SAT.
Tren ca sa do, chuyen de nghien cun thuc trang hai mat hang dien hinh la
giay dep va thuy san dai dien cho cac mat hang co kim ngach xuat khau idn sang
thi truang EU.


viii
2.2 THUC TRANG XUAT KHAU GIAY DEP VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG EU GIAI

DOAN 2000 DEN NAY

Ve kim ngach
Day la mat hang hien co kim ngach xuat khau Ion nhat.
Bang 4: Kim ngach xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam sang EU

giai doan 2000-4T/2006

(Don vi: trieu USD)
Nam
(l)KNXK
giay dep vao
EU
(2)KNXK
giay dep ca
nude
Ty trong (1)
trong (2) (%)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

1039,3

1163,0

1327,9

1602,5

1794,6

1.760,3

594,4

1464,6

1559,5

1867,0

2267,9

2640.3

3039.6

1081

70,9

74,6

71,1

70,7

68

58

55

4T/2006

Nguon: Bao cao tong ket Bo Thuang mai 2000 - T4/2006

Bieu 3: Kim ngach xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam sang EU
giai doan 2000-4T/2006

■ KNXK giay dep vao EU ■ KNXK giay dep ca nude

Nguon: B do cao tdng ket Bo Thuang mai 2000 - T4/2006

Can cu vao so lieu tren, ta co the thay rang kim ngach xuat khau giay dep
Viet Nam sang EU tang deu qua cac nam den 2003. Kim ngach nam 2003 tang
r

>

r

r

gap 1,5 lan so vdi nam 2000. Ty trong kim ngach giay dep xuat sang EU chiem


ix

khoang 68%/nam trong tong kim ngach giay dep xuat khau cua Viet Nam. Tuy
nhien tu nam 2004 tdi nay, ty trong xuat khau giay dep vao EU co xu huong

giam dan. Theo Bo Thuang mai, den het thang 6-2006, kim ngach xuat khau

giay dep ca nude dat 1,7 ti USD, bang 50% muc tieu xuat khau ca nam, tang

20,3% so voi cung ky nam 2005.
Ve co1 cau thi truong tirng nuoc EU

Bang 5: Ty trong xuat khau giay dep theo thi truong cua

Viet Nam nam 2000 - 2005

Don vi: %
STT

Thi truong

2000

1
2
3
4

EU
My
Nhat
Khac
Tong so

70,9
6,0

5,2
17,9
100

2001
74,6
7,2

4,0
14,2
100

2002

2004
2003
2005
70,7
68
58
71,1
10,5
12,5
16
20
2,8
2,8
03
2,8
15,6
19
14,0
13,2
100
100
100
100
Nguon: Bo Thuang mai 2000-2005

Qua bang so lieu co the thay, ty trong xuat khau hang giay dep cua Viet

Nam sang thi truong EU luon dung dau trong cac thi truong xuat khau chinh cua
Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, trong giai doan 2000 - 2005 co xu huong giam dan theo ty

trong do chuyen huong xuat khau sang thi truong Hoa Ky.
Bieu 4: Ty trong xuat khau giay dep theo thi truong cua


Bang 6: Ca cau xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam theo thi truong tung nude EU 25
Dan vj: 1000 USD
STT

1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Ten nuree~^^
Ai len
Anh
Ao
Bi
Bo Dao
Nha
Dan Mach
Due
Ha Lan
Hy Lap
Italy
Luexambua
Phap
Phan Lan
Tay Ban
Nha
Thuy Dien

Ba Lan
Extonia
Hungary
Latvia
Litva
Manta
See
Sip
Xtovakia
Xlovenia

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

6.417
219.972
3.702
155.436

10.536
255.551

5.951
159.216

8.849
317.789
6.642
149.749

389.694
11.647
170.190

10.332
494.191
15.358
199.494

7.921
472.831
29.591
391.910

2.212

11.91

779

1.115

1.868

907

11.948
210.406
132.981
8.283
86.503
139
139.600
6.817

11.071
213.814
158.405
9.985
102.344
22
167.551
6.898

15.072
258.115
186.671
17.178
120.185
5
181.867
6.059

18.261
315.515
215.598
16.583
145.890
193.817
5.705

16.965
338.282
237.827
15.420
133.311
182.830
5.306

19.581
310.815
239.884
17.594
162.056
180.408
6.035

39.162

45.012

54.105

73.446

77.692

89.327

22.501
7.307
33
2.209
229
24
4.559
730
225
151

21.990
4.53
15
1.951
227
48
3.837
692
384
23

40.822

37.890
38.697
27.101
3.605
5.605
5.607
3.389
470
65
116
101
2.104
2.020
1.983
2.290
68
98
74
989
24
96
47
2.882
2.952
3.310
4.695
835
443
780
276

425
286
273
278
1849
1.306
704
312
Nguon: Bo Thwang mai 2000-2005

Qua bang so lieu, co the thay trong khoi EU thi Anh la thi truong nhap

khau giay dep cua Viet Nam ldn nhat, dat 472.831.000 USD nam 2005, chiem
tdi 26,9% tong kim ngach xuat khau giay dep cua Viet Nam vao thi truong EU.

Dung thu hai la thi truong Duc, dat kim ngach nhap khau giay dep cua Viet Nam


nam 2005 la 210.406.000 USD, chiem khoang 12% tong kim ngach xuat khau

giay dep cua Viet Nam vao thi truong EU. Tiep do la Ha Lan va Phap. Trong so
cac nuoc thanh vien moi cua EU thi Ba Lan la nude nhap khau giay dep cua Viet

Nam 1cm nhat, dat 3.605.000 USD, chiem 0.02% tong kim ngach xuat khau giay
dep cua Viet Nam vao thi trucmg EU.

Ve co’ cau mat hang giay dep
r

•>

r

Cac mat hang giay dep xuat khau chu yeu cua nuoc ta sang thi truong EU
A

A

9

thong thudng bao gom cac chung loai nhu: giay the thao, giay mu da, giay co mu

bang nguyen lieu det, xang dan va dep cac loai.
Bang 7 : Co cau xuat khau vao EU - 2005

Kim ngach
Ty trong (%)
(trieu USD)
Giay the thao
42
740
Giay mu da
440
25
Giay co mu bang nguyen lieu det
230
13
Xang dan va dep cac loai
95
5,4

Cac san pham khac
255,3
15
Tong-----------------------------1.760,3
100%
----------------------------------------------Nguon : Hiep hoi Da Giay Viet Nam
Chung loai

rpi X

Bo Thuang mai
Bieu 5 : Co cau xuat khau hang giay dep vao EU - 2005

Nguon : Bo Thuang mai


xii

Nhin vao co? cau xuat khau giay dep vao thi truong EU co the thay, nam

2005 thi giay the thao la loai giay chiem uu the tren thi truong, chiem tdi 42%
tong kim ngach xuat khau giay dep vao EU. Sau do la giay mu da dung thu hai,
r
chiem 25% va loai giay co kim ngach xuat khau thap nhat la xang dan va dep cac
•»

r

r

loai, chi chiem 5,4%. Co the noi, giay the thao va giay mu da la hai mat hang the

manh cua Viet Nam.
2.3 THUC
XUAT KHAU THUY SAN VIET
• TRANG
•
• NAM SANG THI• TRUING
EU GIAI DOAN 2000 DEN NAY

Ve kim ngach

r
Day la mat hang co kim ngach xuat khau ldn thu 4 cua Viet Nam
sang EU. Hang thuy san Viet Nam hien dang co mat tai 105 quoc gia va

vung lanh tho. Toan nganh co 171 doanh nghiep duoc cap code xuat hang
vao thi truong EU.

Bang 8: Kim ngach xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang EU

giai doan nam 2000-4T/2006

Chi tieu
Tong san lu’o’ng
(1000 USD)
-Nhat Ban

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

1.470.000 1.777.486 2.022.821 2.216.694 2.400.781 2.739.000
482.160

465.901

537.968

582.902

754.946

813.398

32,80

26,21

26,59

26,30

31,45

29,70

307.230

489.035

655.655

782.238

592.824

633.985

20,90

27,51

32,41

35,29

24,69

23,15

299.880

316.719

302.261

147.786

131.198

134.401

20,40

17,82

14,94

6,67

5,46

4,91

- EU
Tv trong gia tri (%)

101.430
6,90

106.716

6,00

84.404
447

127.240
5,74

243.938
10,16

436.731
15,94

- ASEAN

58.800

64.930

79.529

73.080

165.681

123.237

4,00

3,65

3,93

3,30

6,90

4,50

220.500

334.185
\

363.004

503.448

Ty trong gia tri (%)
-My

Ty trong gia tri (%)
- Trung Quoc +

Hong Kong

Ty trong gia tri (%)

Ty trong gia tri (%)

- Cac nudc khac

512.194
597.248
. .......
z
.

Nguon: Bo Thuang mai, Bo Thuy san - Vu thong ke


xiii
Qua bang so lieu co the thay, trong nhung nam 2000 - 2002, hoat dong
r

9

9

xuat khau bi chung lai va co xu huong giam sut, sau khi EU tang cuong kiem tra
du luong cac chat khang sinh va ha thap nguong phat hien du luong cac chat nay

trong san pham. Nho nhung no luc khac phuc cua cac co quan quan ly, cac
doanh nghiep va nong ngu dan Viet Nam, tu nam 2003, kim ngach xuat khau

thuy san cua Viet Nam da tang truong nhanh chong tro lai.

Ve co cau kim ngach xuat khau hang thuy san Viet Nam sang thi truong cac

nuoc EU mtf rong giai doan 2000 - 2005

Bang 9: Xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang thi truong cac nuoc EU
giai doan 2000 - 2005

Pan vi: 1000 USD

Nam
Ten nuffcP"''- —
Ai Jen
Anh
Ao
Bi
Bo Dao Nha
Dan Mach
Duc
Ha Lan
Hy Lap
Italy
Lucxambua
Phap
Phan Lan
Tav Ban Nha
Thuy Dien
Ba Lan
Extonia
Hungary
Latvia
Litva
Manta

Sec
Sip
Xtovakia
Xlovenia

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

82
7.921
475
81
76
10.735
15.898
8.167
20.189
26.189
38.225
1.202
614

155
445
497
473
50.751
76.000
18.387
20.812
21.571
35.143
7.497
442
722
2.305
178
323
6.273
2.328
3.099
471
1.322
1.320
43.569
66.378
12.877
20.907
13.049
21.355
19.694
40.907

11.287
11.840
28.069
16.063
5.370
418
1.426
286
477
1.680
65.411
27.414
32.104
13.622
18.902
15.809
39.303
24.509
16.151
19.130
7.300
18.101
308
619
8
27
34.467
53.363
10.552
2.302

4.694
5.936
4.932
1.505
2.673
1.484
406
617
2.934
14.657
1.163
95
115
402
2.143
57
107
67
126
153
28
106
64
94
11
12
1.158
1.422
821
1732

121
959
1.242
434
559
380
117
244
70
10
41
4627-----3
338---- - '-------- -----------------------------------------Nguon: Bo Thuang mai, Bo Thuy san - Vu thong ke


xiv
Qua bang so lieu co the thay, Bi, Due va Italy van la nhung thi truong

nhap khau thuy san chinh cua Viet Nam tai EU, ma chu yeu la mat hang tom
(theo danh gia cua Bo Thuy san). Tiep do la Ha Lan va Tay Ba Nha la cac thi
truong nhap khau thuy san ldn cua Viet Nam . Trung b'mh mot nam trong giai

doan 2000 - 2005, Bi nhap khau thuy san tu Viet Nam khoang 37 trieu

USD/nam, Duc nhap khau thuy san tu Viet Nam khoang 30 trieu USD/nam.
Ve co cau cac mat hang thuy san xuat khau chinh sang thi truong EU md

rong giai doan 2000 - 2005

San pham nhap khau tu Viet Nam chu yeu la ca, tom, muc, bach tuoc, ca

ngu, do hop.

Bang 10: Co cau theo gia tri hang thuy san xuat khau sang
thi truong EU 2000 - 2005
Dan vi: 1000 USD
Cac nhom
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Tom

61.057

52.448

15.700

37.891

63.684

125.149

Ca

8.075

14.437

20.116

36.595

110.831

201.949

168

338

—

126

659

2.242

Muc va bach tuoc

12.143

9.969

13.979

17.302

22.670

33.281

Hai san khac
•>

19.987

29.524

50.309

35.326

46.094

74.110

101.430

106.716

84.404

127.240

243.938

436.731

hang thuy san

Hai san kho

Tong

1
1
*
1
;
Nguon.Bao cao cua Bo Thuang mai, Bo Thuy san — Vu thong ke

Trong giai doan tu 2000-2001, mat hang co khoi luong nhap khau
ldn nhat cua EU tu Viet Nam la tom dong lanh. Sang nam 2005, kim ngach

xuat khau tom sang EU tang gan gap doi nam 2004. Ca dong lanh cung la
mat hang co muc tang xuat khau sang EU deu va dang ke. Xuat khau ca cua
>

r

Viet Nam sang thi truong nay da vuot xa tom khong nhung ve khoi luong

ma ca ve gia tri.


XV
?

?

z

r

?

Nhu vay, co the dank gia trien vong xuat khau cua nganh thuy san la het

sue kha quan vi day la nganh ma Viet Nam chu dong duac ca khau nguyen lieu

va che bien. De xuat khau thuy san phat trien ben vung, on dinh, va tang cuong

duac vi the tren cac thi truong xuat khau quan trong nhu EU thi Viet Nam can
phai tiep tuc thuc hien cac bien phap nang cao suc canh tranh cua thuy san
nuoc nha.
2.4 THO'l CO CHO HOAT
DONG
XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VIET
NAM SANG

•
•
•

THI TRVONG EU MO RONG

Ca hoi chung

- EU md rong la thi truong thong nhat, co suc mua rat lon, on dinh va phat

trien voi nhung chinh sach va quy dinh chung cho tat ca cac nuoc thanh vien
- EU danh cho Viet Nam su ho tro ve von va ky thuat trong qua trinh phat

trien kinh te

- EU md rong dang quan tarn va huong hoat dong sang Chau A
z

A

z

- Su ho tro cua Lien minh chau Au doi voi tien trinh ra nhap WTO cua
Viet Nam

- Cac nuoc thanh vien moi cua EU25 von la thi truong truyen thong cua
Viet Nam

-Su ra doi cua Dien dan doanh nghiep Viet Nam - EU danh dau mot buoc

phat trien moi trong quan he hop tac 2 ben
Rieng doi voi mat hang giay dep

Thu nhat, nganh da giay Viet Nam la nganh cong nghiep dat vi tri thu ba

ve kim ngach xuat khau, chiem ty trong dang ke trong tong kim ngach xuat khau

cua Viet Nam. La nganh co dinh huong xuat khau ro ret (chiem tren 90% san
luong san xuat), ty le xuat khau cua nganh luon chiem khoang 10% tong kim
r
■>
ngach xuat khau cua ca nuoc.
r

r

t

r

r

Thu hai, trong so cac thi truong xuat khau chu yeu, EU la thi truong xuat
7

z

e z

khau lon nhat cua nganh da giay Viet Nam. Mot trong nhung nguyen nhan khien

xvi
EU trd thanh thi truong xuat khau so mot cua giay da Viet Nam la do thi truong

EU ldn, khoi luong tieu dung cao va day lai la vung co khi hau han doi, mua
lanh keo dai nen nhu cau ve giay da tuong doi cao.

Thu ba, giay dep Viet Nam se tiep tuc duoc hudng uu dai thue theo cac
quy dinh cua He thong uu dai pho cap cua EU (GSP) khi xuat khau vao thi

truong nay.
Thu tu-, Trung tam Thong tin thuong mai (Bo Thuong mai) cho biet cac

cua hang giay dep tai EU da tang gia ban giay da cao hon 15-20% so vdi trudc.

Vdi muc gia nay nhieu kha nang nguoi tieu dung chau Au se chuyen sang chon
cac loai giay khac, nhat la giay gia da. Tu do md ra co hoi cho doanh nghiep
r
doanh nghiep Viet Nam dang san xuat mat hang nay.
Thu nam, nhu cau tieu dung ldn, on dinh va ngay cang gia tang cung vdi

su gia tang gia tri cua dong EURO. Mat khac, chat luong san pham giay dep
duoc san xuat tai Viet Nam phu hop va dap ung yeu cau cua nguoi tieu dung
trong cac nudc EU.
Rieng doi vdi mat hang thuy san

Thu nhat, EU co rat nhieu ho tro cho Viet Nam de phat trien xuat khau

mat hang mat hang thuy san . Nhieu nudc thanh vien cua EU da hop tac giup do

Viet Nam thong qua nhieu du an va cac hoat dong trong nganh thuy san.

Thu hai, Nha nudc ma cu the la Bo Thuy san da va dang co dau tu cho
muc tieu ldn hon cho xuat khau mat hang tiem nang nay, dac biet hudng vao thi

truong EU.
Thu ba, hoat dong xuc tien xuat khau thuy san sang thi truong EU dang
r
duoc dau tu ca cong suc va chi phi rat ldn.
a

Thu tu, viec them 38 doanh nghiep Viet Nam duoc xuat khau thuy san

sang EU.
Thu nam, EU la thi truong co nhu cau ldn va on dinh ve hang thuy san.