Oleary2012Comp ppt ch10 11

Chapter 10: Privacy,
Security, and Ethics

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mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You

Introduction
• Information systems consist of
people, procedures, software,
hardware and data.
• This chapter focuses on people.

• Effective implementation of
computer technology involves
maximizing its positive effects
while minimizing its negative
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People

• Privacy – What are the threats
to personal privacy and how can
we protect ourselves?
• Security – How can access to
sensitive information be
controlled and how can we
secure hardware and software?
• Ethics – How do the actions of
individual users and companies
affect society?

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Privacy
• Privacy – concerns the
collection and use of data
about individuals
• Three primary privacy issues:
– Accuracy
– Property
– Access

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Large Databases
• Federal government alone
has over 2,000 databases
• Reverse directory compiles
lists of the calls we make
• Data gatherers
– Information resellers or
information brokers
– Electronic profiles are
easily created

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Large Databases Issues

• Your personal information is a
marketable commodity, which
raises many issues:

– Collecting public, but personally
identifying information (e.g., Google’s
Street View)
– Spreading information without personal
consent, leading to identity theft
– Spreading inaccurate information

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• Mistaken identity
• Freedom of Information Act
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Private Networks
• Employers can monitor e-mail
legally
– 75 percent of all businesses search

employees’ electronic mail and
computer files using snoopware
– A proposed law could prohibit this
type of
electronic monitoring
or at least require the
employer to notify
the employee first

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The Internet and the
Web

• Illusion of anonymity

– People are not concerned about
privacy when surfing the Internet or
when sending e-mail

• History file in Web browsers
• Traditional cookies from

Web surfing
• Spyware

–
–
–
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Ad network or adware cookies
Web bugs
Computer
Copyrightmonitoring
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Viewing and Blocking
Cookies

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Spyware Removal
• Anti-Spyware programs

– Designed to detect and remove
cookies, web bugs, and monitoring
software, such as key loggers

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Privacy Law In SA
The National Assemble approved a
law that will protect people from the
illegal use of their private information
- 11 Sep 2012 in the.
E-mail users
will be
protected
from junk mail

People will not
need to
tolerate
unwanted
calls at
inconvenient
times

The gathering, publication and
selling of computer numbers will be a
crime with a maximum of 10 years
jail sentence.

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Security
• Threats to computer security
include criminals, computer
crimes, and other hazards
• Computer criminals:
–

–
–
–
–

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Employees
Outside users
Hackers and crackers
Organized crime
Terrorists
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mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You

Computer Crime
• Malicious
Programs
–
–
–
–

Viruses
Worms

Trojan horse
Zombies

• Social networking
risks
• Rogue Wi-Fi hotspots

• Denial of
• Theft of hardware,
service (DoS)
software, data, and
attacks
computer time
• Internet scams,
such as
• Data manipulation
phishing

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Common Internet
Scams

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Other Hazards
• Natural hazards

– Natural forces such as fires, floods, and
tornadoes

• Civil strife and terrorism

– Wars, riots, and terrorist activities

• Technological failures
– Voltage surge or spike
– Use a surge protector

• Human errors

– Data entry errors
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– Programmer
error
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Measures to Protect
Computer Security
• Restricting access
• Encrypting data
• Anticipating disasters
• Preventing data loss

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Ethics
• Copyright

– Gives content creators the right to
control the use and distribution of
their work

• Software piracy
–
–
–

Unauthorized copying and distribution
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Digital rights management (DRM)

ã Plagiarism

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VRAE?

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Chapter 11: Your Future
and Information
Technology

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mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You

Changing Times
• Banks
– ATM
– ATM cards
– Internet banking
– S/w verify signatures

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