(Bài thảo luận tiếng anh) DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORT

THUONG MAI UNIVERSITY

DISCUSSION
Title:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORT
Lecturer: Phạm Thùy Giang
Group : 5

HA NOI - 2022
GROUP DISCUSSION


THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH
GROUP DISCUSSION
ENGLISH 1
Topic: Different types of transport.
Group: 5
Class: 2248ENTH1411
Teacher: Phạm Thùy Giang
Group preparation assessment:
Presentation assessment: List of students (in the order of presenting)
No.
Name (for students)
Comments (for teacher only)
1

Tăng Tài Nhân

2

Nguyễn Hoàng Yến
Nhi

3

Trần Thị Lâm Nhi

4

Phan Quỳnh Như

5

Nguyễn Thị Nhung

6

Ninh Thị Ngọc Quỳnh

7

Nguyễn Thị Hồng
Thắm

Mark


MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 5
Time: from 10h30 p.m to 11h15 p.m
Place: Google meet

Date: 05/11/2022
Participants: All members of group 5
Contents for discussing: Contributing ideas to build outline
Conclusion:
Topic: Different types of transport.
- Main types of means of transport
- Advantages and disadvantages of different types of transport
- Popular types of transport in Vietnam
- The unique types of transport in Vietnam
- Positive and negative impacts of transport on the environment
Environmental protection solutions
Duties for participants:
- The whole group edited the content and made the presentations together
- Phan Quynh Nhu: Edit slides
- Tang Tai Nhan: Main types of means of transport
- Nguyen Hoang Yen Nhi: Advantages and disadvantages of different types of transport
- Lam Nhi: Popular types of transport in Vietnam
- Do Nhung: The unique types of transport in Vietnam
- Ninh Quynh: Positive and negative impacts of transport on the environment
- Hong Tham: Environmental protection solutions
Leader (Signature and name)
Nhan
Tang Tai Nhan

Minute-Taker (Signature and name)
Nhi
Nguyen Hoang Yen Nhi


PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION
- Good morning everyone, we are group 5. Today we are very happy to be here to
talk about The different types of transport.
- This is our leader Tang Tai Nhan and six members in our group, Nguyen Hoang
Yen Nhi, Tran Thi Lam Nhi, Phan Quynh Nhu, Nguyen Thi Nhung, Ninh Thi Ngoc
Quynh, Nguyen Thi Hong Tham.
- The topic is being talked about the different types of transport in Vietnam. There
are six parts to our presentation. The first is about the different types of transport. The
second looks at the advantages and disadvantages of different types of transport. The
third discusses the popular types of unique types of transport. The fourth deals with the
unique types of transport in Vietnam. The fifth part is the positive and negative impacts
of different types of transport on the environment and the final part mentions the
solutions.
BODY/ DEVELOPMENT
1. The different types of transport (The first part is being presented by Tang Tai
Nhan)
Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
Transport can be divided into four main types:
a. Land transport
- The land transport category includes all methods of transporting people and
goods over land. The most common type is the automobile, but this category also
includes buses, trains, bicycles, motorcycles, and more.
- The history of land transport starts with the development of the wheel in ancient
times, which led to the invention of carts and chariots. The first trains appeared in 1804.
With the advent of motorised vehicles, a number of new forms of transport were
introduced including cars, buses, trams and trolleybuses.
b. Air transport
- The air transport category includes all methods of transporting people through
the sky in aircraft.
- The air transport industry is a major contributor to the global economy. It is also

one of the most important modes of transportation. It has played a crucial role in the
development of the world economy and has helped in the economic growth of many
countries.
- Air transport is one of the fastest growing industries in today's global market.
The industry's future looks promising with high demand for air travel, especially from


emerging economies, and technological advancements that are making it more
economical for airlines to fly long-haul routes.
- The future of Air Transport is not only about flying humans from one place to
another but also about transporting goods and cargo such as food, medicines, clothing
etc., which will make it even more vital for countries around the world.
c. Sea transport
- The sea transport category includes all methods of transporting people and goods
by boat or ship on a body of water such as an ocean or sea. This category does not
include air-based means of transportation such as planes or helicopters
- Sea transport has been the dominant form of international trade for centuries, and
today it is the primary means of transporting large quantities of high-value items like
automobiles, containers full of consumer goods, and crude oil.
- The word shipping originally referred to sea vessels that carried cargo, or goods
while being transported by water. Today it refers to the business of moving goods from
one place to another on large cargo ships.
d. Space Transport
- The space transport category includes all methods by which humans travel
through outer space in spacecraft like satellites, rockets, and more
- Space transport can be used for many different purposes:to carry humans into
orbit; to carry cargo over long distances; to launch objects such as satellites or probes out
of earth’s atmosphere; to collect samples from space for scientific study; and to provide
military surveillance from orbit.
e. Animals-powered transport:

- Animal-powered transport is a form of human transportation that relies on the
muscular power of animals. It has been used in many different ways, but most often as a
means of carrying heavy goods.
- In the past, animal-powered transport was crucial since it was the only available
means of transportation for people and goods. Today, animal-powered transport still has
some uses in certain parts of the world where motorized vehicles are not common or
roads are too poor for them to be usable.


- The use of animals in this way is not without its problems. The animals can
suffer from heat exhaustion and injury, and they may also transmit diseases to humans
through their manure or by acting as hosts for parasites such as tapeworms.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of transport (The second part is
being presented by Yen Nhi)
a. Land transport
There are many advantages and disadvantages of land transport. The main
advantage of land transport is that it is cheap, convenient, and fast. On the other hand, the
disadvantage of land transport is expensive, inconvenient, and slow.
b. Air transport
Air transport is one of the most popular methods of transportation today. Air travel
has many advantages and disadvantages.
Some of the advantages are that air travel is fast and convenient, it can be cheaper
than other modes of transportation if you book in advance, there are many airlines to
choose from and it is a great way to see the world.
Some disadvantages include more delays, lost luggage, security risks, high ticket
prices, and limited space in airports.
c. Sea transport
Sea transport is a very common form of transport for many goods. It is the most
cost-effective and fastest form of transport, but it does have its limitations.
The advantages of sea transport are that it is the cheapest and fastest form of

transportation, which makes it the most cost-effective. It also has a large carrying
capacity, meaning that ships can carry up to 20,000 containers at a time.
However, sea transport has some disadvantages as well. The first disadvantage is
that ships are not able to travel through ice or frozen water; this makes them unable to
travel in winter months when there is ice on the surface of the water. This limits where
they can go in the winter months and how much they can carry with them. Another
disadvantage is that ships have to travel in straight lines and cannot turn quickly or make
tight turns due to their size and shape; they cannot easily avoid bad weather like
hurricanes or storms because they are so large.
d. Space Transport
Space transport is the process of delivering humans, animals, or other objects from
one point in outer space to another. There are many advantages and disadvantages to
space transport. One advantage is that it can be used for long-distance travel and
exploration. Another advantage is that it can be used for transporting heavy objects.
There are also some disadvantages to space transport. The first disadvantage is that
making a spacecraft fly takes a lot of resources and money. The second disadvantage is
that the spacecraft needs enough fuel for the journey to not take too long.
e. Animals-powered transport


The advantages of animal-powered transport are that they are cheaper and more
accessible than other forms of transport. They are also more environmentally friendly and
sustainable.
By the way of animal-powered transport, they require a lot of maintenance, and
animal labor can be difficult to control.
3. Popular types of transport in Vietnam (The third part is being presented by Lam
Nhi)
Vietnamese people use many means of transport like that: bicycles, motorbikes,
cars, buses, taxis, airports, trains, and so on. But the most popular means of transport is
the motorbike. You can see motorbikes everywhere from big cities to remote areas. In my

opinion, there are some reasons following:
Firstly, the cost of a motorbike is cheaper and affordable for most Vietnamese.
The average cost of a motorbike is still around one thousand dollars or cheaper. While the
cost of a car is some hundreds and thousands of dollars. That is why motorbikes are the
most popular means of transport in Vietnam and developing countries.
Secondly, motorbikes are easy to drive, fast, small and suitable for the streets in
Vietnam. The streets in Vietnam are quite narrow. If you own a car, it is hard for you to
travel to work every day with it, especially during rush hours and traffic jams. The
motorbike is small enough to through the crowd. Besides, the parking place is a big
problem with everyone wanting to park their car.
Currently, motorbikes have some disadvantages such as no safe, traffic jams, and
pollution environment. But now, we don’t find any kind of transport that is better than a
motorbike. 
- Taxi 
Taxis can be seen very commonly in big cities as well as in urban areas. In smaller
towns, it can be more difficult to find a taxi, and it will be practically impossible in
mountainous areas.
The average tariffs are from 10,000 to 15,000VND per kilometer. 
There are official and unofficial types of taxis. The former offers customers good
services and reasonable prices while the latter is sometimes vague about fee calculation.
Some of the most reputable taxi brands you should go to are Mai Linh, VinaSun, Taxi
Group, and ABC. 
- Bus 
The cheapest option would be to use the bus. Though much less convenient, buses
offer rock-bottom prices to get you to your destination - or at least nearby. There is a
large network across the cities.
There are both fan and air-conditioned options and comfort can vary quite a bit,
especially as the fleets begin to age. Things can get crowded too, as school kids use buses
to get home after finishing the day. Tickets are bought from the conductor on board, and
they can usually help you know which stop to get off at too.

As well as local buses, there are also numerous options for getting between cities
and provinces. Depending on how much you want to pay, these can be the most


comfortable option for traveling long distances with some offering wifi, toilets, and airconditioning.
4. The unique types of transport in Vietnam (The final part is being presented by Do
Nhung)
Motorcycles, cars, buses, ships, trains, planes,... They are vehicles that are no
longer strange to the world in general and Vietnam in particular. However, in Vietnam,
there are also unique and typical vehicles that are only found in Vietnam. The following
means are included.
The first is the cyclo. A cyclo is a vehicle with a propulsion unit located at the
back that pushes the passenger unit in front to move. The motivating part here can be
human power or an engine. There are two popular types of cyclos: bicycle cyclos and
motor cyclos. Cyclo first appeared in Saigon around 1939. It has 3 wheels, 2 front
wheels, and 1 rear wheel. The advantage of this type of vehicle is that it does not make
noise and protects the environment. Sometime later, a motorbike cyclo appeared. It was
improved in every way and equipped with an engine. Unlike a bicycle cyclo, a motor
cyclo uses an engine to move. Currently, cyclo is no longer used as much as in the past, it
mainly only appears in big cities such as Hue, Hanoi, and Saigon and is used for tourism
activities.
The second unique means only available in Vietnam is the basket boat. If you have
the opportunity to set foot in the coastal areas of central Vietnam or along the sea routes,
you will easily come across images of circular boats floating on the beach. The basket
boats are made of plastic or woven from bamboo. The boat is about 2m in diameter with
an oar and rope for tying. Basket boats are most often used in Da Nang to the South
Central provinces to catch fish and squid. The basket boat does not need a lot of people to
steer, it no longer takes too much effort to operate. However, it is necessary to master
important skills to control. Therefore, traveling by basket boat is considered one of the
adventurous experiences that tourists should experience when coming to Vietnam.

In addition, in Vietnam, there are several other unique vehicles such as
autorickshaws, trams, kayaks, canoes, etc.
5. Positive and negative impacts of transport on the environment (The fifth part is
being presented by Ninh Quynh)
Positive
There are still some positive activities of types of transport for the environment
such as:
Old shipwrecks can actually be good for the environment. They can become
artificial coral reefs, where a lot of sea animals can live. In fact, research has been done
on these artificial reefs. It was found that where corals are sometimes damaged and battle
to grow, they grow easily on shipwrecks. The corals anchor themselves to certain parts of
the wreck. In some places where corals have become endangered, experts have created
fake wrecks to help the corals to grow. Wrecks also give hiding places to a lot of other


sea creatures. Wreck diving has become a popular sport. One of the reasons is that you
can see a lot of amazing sea life that you would not easily see anywhere else.
Negative
Although making an important contribution to the socio-economic development
process such as transporting and circulating goods on the market, expanding the market,
reducing costs and bringing many opportunities for cooperation from outside, human
means of transport…Most of types of transport are harmful to the environment, different
types of vehicles will affect the environment to a certain extent. Here are some of its
negative effects on the environment:
1 - Traffic emissions - the cause of the greenhouse effect
The operation process of means of transport emits a large amount of substances
such as dust, CO, NOx, SOx, gasoline vapors, lead dust, benzene... Solar radiation easily
penetrates the atmosphere and hits the ground, causing the temperature to rise.
2 - Noise pollution
Cars, trucks, trains and especially planes can create a lot of noise that disturbs

humans and animals. This will not necessarily affect nature itself, but it can make the
environment we live in very unpleasant. Noise pollution is a cause of irritability, sleep
disturbances, but distracts, distracts and verbally communicates, detrimental to academic
work and academic results.
3 - Affect water quality
Transport activities have an impact on hydrological conditions and water quality.
Fuel, chemicals, and other hazardous particulates discarded from aircraft, cars, trucks,
and trains or port and airport terminal operations can contaminate hydrographic systems.
Because demand for maritime shipping has increased, marine transport emissions
represent the most important segment of water quality impact of the transportation sector.
The main effects of marine transport operations on water quality mainly arise from
dredging, waste, ballast waters, and oil spills. Besides, various types of garbage
containing metals and plastic are not easily biodegradable. They can persist on the sea
surface for long periods of time and can be a severe impediment to maritime navigation
inland waterways and at sea and affect as well as berthing operations.
4 - Affect soil quality
The environmental impact of transportation on soil quality particularly concerns
soil erosion and soil contamination. Coastal transport facilities such as ports have
significant impacts on soil erosion. Shipping activities are modifying the scale and scope
of wave actions leading to damage in confined channels such as river banks. Highway
construction or lessening surface grades for port and airport developments have led to an
important loss of fertile land. Soil contamination can occur through the use of toxic
materials by the transport industry. Fuel and oil spills from motor vehicles are washed on
roadsides and enter the soil. Chemicals used for the preservation of wooden railroad ties
may enter the soil. Hazardous materials and heavy metals have been found in areas
contiguous to railroads, ports, and airports.
5 - Affect biodiversity


Transportation also influences biodiversity. The need for construction materials

and the development of land-based transportation have led to deforestation. Many
transport routes have required draining land, thus reducing wetland areas and driving-out
water plant species. The need to maintain road and rail right-of-way or to stabilize slopes
along transport facilities has resulted in restricting the growth of certain plants or has
produced changes in plants with the introduction of new species. Many animal species
are becoming endangered as a result of changes in their natural habitats and the reduction
of ranges due to the fragmentation of their habitat by transportation infrastructures
6. Environmental protection solutions (The final part is being presented by Hong
Tham)
The current status of environmental pollution by means of transport is becoming a
matter of great concern. The pollution of air, soil, water and noise had a bad effect on the
public’s health. Many experts believe that, in order to reduce pollution caused by
vehicles, it is necessary to implement short-term and long-term measures.
Firstly, to improve air quality, the most important thing is to minimize the emission of
fossil fuel vehicles – the main cause of environmental pollution due to emissions. One of
the most effective measures today is to increase the use of clean fuel vehicles, prioritizing
the development of “Green transport”. Green vehicles are vehicles that use engines that
cause as little harm to the environment as vehicles powered by gasoline and fossil fuels.
Green transport will use advanced technology such as electric vehicles, vehicles powered
by solar cells, hydrogen vehicles or vehicles using fuel cells,...
Notably, in order to join hands to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to
mobilize people to actively participate in public transport, change traffic habits, limit
dependence on transport in close range. The government also needs to complete policies
to support investment in innovation of public passenger transport by buses using
environmentally friendly fuels.
Consider walking or using a bicycle to get to places that are short distances like school,
the mall or at work. This does not emit greenhouse gasses and it is completely safe for the
environment. Moreover, this is also good for health. Walking and cycling provide good
exercise for your heart. Besides, reducing pollution will reduce harmful effects on the
respiratory system. Overall, it will be a better and healthier lifestyle.

The government also needs to tax private vehicles that cause environmental
pollution to adjust people’s traffic behavior towards using public transport.
A very useful solution is to plant a lot of trees, lawns, and flower gardens. It not
only helps reduce pollution but also makes the space more green, clean and beautiful.
Finally, each person participating in traffic needs to have a change in habits and
awareness in choosing vehicles to make the environment more green.
CONCLUSION
- We’ve just talked about different types of transport. That’s all of our group’s
presentations. Thank you all for listening.


- Last but not least, this is the first time we have had a presentation in English, so there
are a lot of mistakes hoping you guess will comment honestly. If you have any questions
for us, go ahead, all comments are welcome.