application of pra tools in village development planning and commune development planning ( vdp và cdp)

Capacity building project for central region poverty reduction
projects ( CACERP)













Application of PRA tools in village
development planning and
Commune development planning
( VDP & CDP)

(Training manual for district and commune staff)








model_sard_annex3_en.doc 2
Foreword

The Capacity building for central region poverty reduction project (CACEP) is an
ADB/dfid/MPI financed project located in the provinces of Kon Tum, Thua Thien
Hue, Quang Binh and Quang Tri. In each province two pilot districts are involved
and in each pilot district one commune is selected. The goal of TA is to facilitate the
creation of the condition for improved decentralized poverty reduction initiatives in
Vietnam. The objectives are to (II) improve local service delivery performance in
selected pilot areas and (II) develop a set of key policy and practice changes aimed
at enhanced poverty -focused service delivery modalities. The main indicators of
success will be adoption by the Government of an agreed set of key policy and
practice changes, creation of a management structure able to deliver these
changes.

The TA has two components: (I) design, test and implement decentralized service
delivery arrangement and outcomes in 8 pilot communes with resulting models for
wider replication; and (II) develop an active policy and practice network, leading to
the development of key principles that will serve as basis for Government to
improve decentralized service delivery for poverty reduction in Vietnam.

The successful trials and demonstrations in Technical Support Project frame
will be applied wide in Credit Project - ‘Central Region Livelihood Improvement
Project (CRLIP). The demonstrations will be improved step by step in 3 years cycle
of Project and the experiences from implementation process should be applied in
CRLIP and in activities for enhancement on capacity of authorities.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is a process that TA was applying after
research and learning experiences from other projects carrying out in these areas.
The PRA process was discussed and agreed by Central Project Management Unit.
In order to have participation of community in this process, the Training courses

were organized in all of 8 pilot communes. The method of training is mainly learning
by doing the practical exercise . The trainees of each training course are Province
representatives , District staff, commune staff and informants at village level.
Training material used in the course includes 2 kinds: (i) Detailed PRA material
including all PRA tools and (ii) Basic material including simplified PRA tools.

The contents presented below have been used as a referen document for
both trainers and trainees during the courses in 8 pilot communes. After courses
have finished, it had been improved for wider use of other courses in next phase of
the project

model_sard_annex3_en.doc 3
Table of content
Foreword 2
Chapter I - Analysis methods, rural appraisal 5
1. Traditional Method 5
2. Changed by another methods 5
3. Method “Rapid Rural
Appraisal” (RRA) 5
4. Method “Participatory Rural Appraisal” (PRA) 6
5. Principles and application of PRA 6
6. What are the main characters of PRA 7
Chapter II – Techniques of PRA tools use 9
Tool 1: Time line 9
Tool 2: Village mapping 10
Tool 3: Transect walks and Transect map 11
Tool 4: Season calendar 13
Tool 5 : Time line diagram 14
Tool 6: Priority ranking 15
Tool 7: Venn diagram 16

Tool 8: Wealth ranking 17
Tool 9: Household economic semi-structure interview 21
Chapter III- Village development plan 22
1. Appraisal , making plan on agriculture 22
2. Appraise , make plan on forest trees and fruit . 23
3. Appraise, make plan on rural infrastructure 24
4. Appraise , make plan on off-farm activities 26
5. Appraise , make plan on water supply and sanitation, environment 27
6. Appraise , make plan on rural credit 28
7. Gender issues 30
8. Appraise, make plan on communication activities 31
9. Appraise, make plan on education and health 32
10. Analysis , consolidation of PRA results and appraised information of each aspect. .33
Chapter IV - Consolidation of commune development plan (CDP) 36
1. What is commune development plan base on farmer needs 36
2. Objective of commune development planning : 36
3. Process of commune development planning 36
Chapter V - Several necessary skills in application of PRA tools in making village
development plan 40
5.1 Skills needed to carry out PRA tools 40
5.2 . Some skills needed for planning 42






model_sard_annex3_en.doc 4
Abbreviations

ADB: Asian Development Bank
CACERP:
The Capacity Building for Central Region Poverty Reduction Project
CDP: Commune Development Plan
CRLIP Central Region Livelihood Improvement Project
DFID: Department for International Development
RRA: Rapid Rural Appraisal
PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal
VDP: Village Development Plan
MPI : Ministry of Planning and Investment

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Chapter I - Analysis methods, rural appraisal
1. Traditional Method
Recently, most analysis concentrates on the rural situation in developing country that have the
following bearing common following characteristics
+ Time is long, it take some years
+ The steps of work are stable and regular.
+ Scope is limited that concentrating on single
problem and there is little relation to fact.
+ Level of diversity is poor, although there are
a lot of officers in many different fields
taking part in assessment.
+ The result of assessment are likely to be
good
+ The main guidance from level to level is to
work directly with state enterprise and
some organizations, and indirectly with
households
+ The participatory role of peasant in project
area is rare
+ High cost that wastes time and human
resources
+ The methods consist of economic analysis,
inventory land and crop in detail, testing in the field , interview by using a list of prepared
social economic questions.
Because this technique has no characters that can be changed , so it is not sensitive to local
conditions, that lacks of flexibility and consolidation, and so is not suitable to be recommended.
2. Changed by another methods
The defects in common analysis methods showed in years 1970. Up to now, the trying on

development work is raise productivity of crops, making much of uniform environment, enrichment
resources and checkable. After that they take care of poor farmers problems and difficult
economic conditions. Hence there is a need to learns the working systems of farmer and
developappropriate technology for various agricultural systems.
Method “ Research of farming system ” was set up from those understandings. The general target
of method is to describe cultivation, livestock, awareness, and extension activities. These
developed by many forms, research plans and extension activities. Many different forms including
rural research centers of Consultant Group International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and
national institutes develop it. General of that office is repeating.
At the beginning the method “ Research of farming system ” used many old ways to survey farmers
and experimenting in the fields. But RFS also was encourage to have new techniques are faster
and more exact
3. Method “Rapid Rural Appraisal” (RRA)
The term “ Rural Rapid Appraisal” in agricultural field can be described by any new method that
using researcher group in many fields to work together with farmers and community leader in order
to develop quickly and systematically.
The following activities can be used by RRA method

1) To evaluate the demands of rural development and other common development of
community
model_sard_annex3_en.doc 6
2) To determine the priority tasks for developing work
3) To assess capacity of implementation (by social aspect and technical aspect)
4) To find out priority characters in developing activities
5) To implement development activities.
6) To monitor development activities
RRA operated in 1970, with FSR movements. Among the persons to contribute to the first of
creation were Robert Chambers, Peter Hildebrand, Robert Rhoades and Michael Collinson. They
were the first persons to apply RRA to have a workshop in development research institute of
Sussex University in England dated Oct. 1978 and Dec. 1979. At that time documents and the

press were popularised the term PRA and introduced it to readers widely. In mid 1980s there
were many experiences to find out by applying in many regions in the world. There was an
international workshop in Sep. 1985 in Khon Kaen Thailand to test application of PRA and to
perfect PRA term.
4. Method “Participatory Rural Appraisal” (PRA)
The advantages of PRA when compare to traditional methods are participation of community is
higher, time is short and low cost. Collection of data by pilot survey, in some cases may need less
investigation but data analysis consumes much time. Collected data must be coded in the
computer and analyzed by separate steps in research communes. When collection of data is
completed it is difficult and high cost is needed to collect missing data , because it need to back to
the field. The cost for information is always high.
Participatory Rural Appraisal is specially suitable for community development because it allows
participation of community and research groups in all research activities and data analysis .
The data collected by PRA supports group and community participants for their tasks as well as
information collected by hard works of participants for research, will be ensured that collected
information are correct and useful. The analysis at the field ensures collected information are
reliable and it can be adjusted before leaving village .
5. Principles and application of PRA
5.1. What is PRA?
PRA is a process of flexible learning of each to others between community people and outsiders.
It is a ‘Group” of approach and tools create local people to have opportunity for exchange and
analysis of life awareness and their condition to planning of development and action
.

This process is to support community people to be able: :
- To determine main their needs
- Giving priority to above needs
- To help them to have necessary actions, based on taking maximum advantage of
their existing resources

5.2 Objectives of PRA

PRA assist participants to be able to

- Understand methods and be able to could plan and implement local development
activities
- Get aware more about community capacity
- Use participatory methods in real activities (by independent group)
To support community people to make VDP, based on taking maximum advantage of existing
local resources
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5.3. Principles

- Observation
- Semi-structured interview
- Group discussion by subject
- Assign tasks to farmers to do
- Cross checking
- Suitable information reliability
- Living with community

PRA is a continuous process which using the tools, Its result is total dependent on behaviours
method or attitude of implementman.

6. What are the main characters of PRA

6.1. Triangle

This is a method used to crosscheck the
reliability of information which are
different and collected from different
resources. It is presented by:

- Group component
- Information resources
- Use of tools for information
collection

a. Group component

- Professional skills from different
places are needed, that make
different point of views, and all of
these will add each to other into
perfect result

- Access to different topics by using new way of observation deeply.

- Women must be included in the group

- The group must have community people to exchange skills and awareness each to
others

b. Different Information resources

- The group members have different backgrounds so that information collected by
them is more diversified.

Carry out combination of appropriate technology In order to help you to use a package
of PRA techniques quickly and correctly , We would show a package of PRA tools.
These tools have to be used harmoniously in the PRA process.



model_sard_annex3_en.doc 8
6.2. Flexibility character of PRA

The research plans and methods are not fixed, they could be modified to to fit real condition

6.3. Community character

- It is useful for analysis of collected information
- To evaluate the community difficulties correctly and to create the main elements for
VDP, CDP process
- Members of PRA group should consist of rich, medium, poor households and , female
and male

6.4, Quantitative character

Request ourselves always:

• What information is needed
• What information must be collected
• Who will analyze and use these information , What the objective is
• What level of accuracy of these information,

6.5. Analyze in the field

- The selected information will be analyzed immediately
- The collection and analysis of information are done continuously and interactivety
(collect information - Analyze at the field - collect information - Analyze at the field)
- If it necessary the analysis focus, could take place open through out the
implementation process
- During PRA process, analysis focus can be expanded if necessary

.



chart
Bag of PRA tools
map
Ven-
n
Season calendar
Wealth
ranking
Group
discusion
Village
history
Semi - structure inerviewiew
model_sard_annex3_en.doc 9

Chapter II – Techniques of PRA tools use
Tool 1: Time line
1.1. Objective:

• To be acquainted, increase good acquaintance between PRA staff and villagers
• Help villagers to remember historical events in the village, through that villagers can
review village development process correctly and encourage the solidarity and support of
each villager to others in coming time.
1.2. Methodology :
• Select a village informant group consist of 5-7 villagers ( Elders who have been living in the
village for long time and understanding village history, should be selected)
• A comfortable place for group discussion is selected to do the tool
• PRA staff facilitate villagers to discuss amongs themselves the time when historical take
place in the village. The collected information is noted on Ao size paper to help villagers
easily to discuss or add other necessary information.
• During discussion process, PRA staff could make open questions to help villagers
remember and adding events of village.
• Selected information is written on A4 paper.

Example: a completed time line.

Years Events affect life and production of villagers
1973 There are two households reside at village
1974 Local Government does settlement for minority ethnic group in the
village
1980 Slash and burn is a major production of villagers, productive risk
appears cause villagers are hungry.
1993 Epidemic disease of animal appear; livestock husbandry are facing
many difficulties
1999 Local Government does not allow to harvest natural forest, villagers
are supported budget for forest management and protection.
2002 The village is supported small scale irrigation system and electric
power.

model_sard_annex3_en.doc 10
Tool 2: Village mapping
2.1. Objectives :
• Assess, analysize general village situation to expose difficulties, solutions for each field
related poverty reduction in the village
• Village map will be used for making VDP and village meeting discussion
.
2.2. Methodology
• Form a group consist of 5 to 7 villagers including female and male
• Select of a high site from where it is convenient to review the village, the select place
should be good for traffic, attracting villagers' participation.
• Villagers discuss and draw up their village map on ground . They could use color chalk,
small leaves, branches of tree, to present the terrain characters, land use, roads, on
village map. During mapping process, PRA staff help villagers to discuss with appropriate
questions.
• After map is completed , the villagers make a copy of the map on lage size paper (Ao)
• Remark sites of each households on the map , result of wealth ranking is used to mark
households categoried . Each type of household is remarked by one color on village map
Note : Village map need to be included: Information concerning: Roads, rivers/streams. Rice,
corn, fields, canal; forest, grazing-land; of village
For example: A village map drew up by villagers


model_sard_annex3_en.doc 11
Tool 3: Transect walks and Transect map
3.1. Objective:
• Transect walks provides necessary information and general picture on potential of natural
resources, land use structure, animal, crops and hidden potential of the villager
• The above findings will be used for VDP.
3.1. Methodology :

• Form a group, at least consist of 5 to 7 villagers including men and women
• Village map, chart are used to discuss and identify transect direction ; chart, map,
compass, view and measure equipments, pen, papers are need to be prepared. PRA staff
explain clearly the objectives of this transect walks and suggest farmers to assist the group
to transect walk and discuss on the way.
• Walking is need to be done from low area to high area, at the convenient area of village,
the group can stop to discuss. PRA staff draw up topography and characters of each area
in the village to help farmers in group discussion. PRA staff could ask farmers more.
• Drawing transect map on big size paper or on land floor by chalk or local material
• The map can be copied on A4 papers

Example: Transect map of Luong nang village, Hoa son commune, Tuyen Hoa¸ district, Quang Binh province





Natural forest Sloping land Home garden Paddy rice Bare land
Natural
condition
Good soil, covered by
different natural tree
species.
Bad soil, have been used for long
time, slope
Land surface is thick, quite flat, home
garden located around house.
One rice crop with low
yield
Yellow color soil and good
soil
Managem
-ent
Partly allocated to
commune for
management, Forest is
being exploited
Plant maize, upland rice, land is not
allocated to household,
Plant mango, lemon, and other mixed tree
are not valuable.

No application of
fertilizer, lack of tending
No people manage, bare
land with brush and
invaluable tree;
Difficulties Large area, located far
resident area, it
caused protection of
forest is difficult. Forest
has not been allocated
to individual
households yet.
Bad soil, lack of cultivation techniques Lack of valuable species and land use plan Lack of high yield
varieties, intensive
techniques.
Far from house, lack of
labor
Expectati-
on
Budget for protection
of forest, Forest is
allocated to
households.
Productivity is increased Home garden is used effectively Yield is increased Land to be covered by
forest tree species with high
economic value

PRA - VDP
13
Tool 4: Season calendar

4.1. Objectives:
• To help villagers understanding all of frequent activities of the village in a year.
• Season calendar is a basis for village development planning and giving tasks to villagers
4.1. Methodology :
• Establish a villager group consist 5 to 7 villagers including men and women and villagers
who have long experiences on production in the village
• Finding a good site for people to participate in discusion
• Villager group discusses about crop season in village. PRA staff encourage, promote
farmers to discuss.
• Villagers can use local available materials ( Stick, leaf, chalk ) to draw up season calendar
on land floor, each material shows each activity in the village or months of the year.
• Use square paper to take note information discussed Copying all of discussed information
in A4 size paper.
For example: Crop and season calendar of Ha village, Thanh Hoa¸ commune, Tuyen Hoa
district Quang Binh province



Temperature







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spring
rice

Planting



Tending

Harve
sting

Disease Stem disease,
yellow leaf

Winter

Plantin
g

tending harvesting

Disease Stem disease,
yellow leaf

Maize


Sowing seeds

Tendi
ng

Collection
of forest
products








Rainfall
100 %

PRA - VDP
14
Tool 5 : Time line diagram
5.1. objectives:
• To help villagers understanding some of variations in village by time such as variation of
crop yields, or what population changed, how is land use structure changed
• Time line diagrams help villagers to undersatnd reasons make negative changes so that
their negative awareness can be changed .
5.2. Methodology:

These diagrams show the quantitative changes by time.
These diagrams could show many type of changes by time such as:
− Crop production
− Area of crop cultivation
− Number of animal heads

− Population and household numbers
− Price changed
− Child-bearing and death ratio in village
− Rainfall
− The changes of natural forest, plantation forest and lad use situation.
− Disbursement of Project
−
Guide villagers to do the following issues
− square or normal paper are prepared
− Exchange with village informant about your thinking
− Let them have some time to think, remember and make comparison.
− Try to encourage them to collect the data changed of specific field within a last 10 years
− To combine 2 or more of variable data in one diagram.
− To combine the new reviewed information and base information
− The villages draw themselves the diagram changed by time on land floor or on board, big
size papers
For example: Diagrama of land use

60
9
55
5.7
13.5 13.5
11 11 11
55
42.2
5.5 5.5 5.5
23
28
35.6

0
20
40
60
1970 1980 1995
n¨m
%
Natural forest
Resident land
Crop land
Pady rice land
Planted forest
Other land
Maize area
Forest restoration





PRA - VDP
15
Tool 6: Priority ranking

6.1. Objectives:
• Giving priority to development activities
• Evaluation of farmers' interests
6.2. Methodology .
There are several types of priority ranking:
- Ranking base on priority set

- Double ranking
pripority ranking by using matrix
- Wealth ranking methods of Ranking for priority; Double ranking; Direction matrix ranking are
similar: Priority ranking allows PRA to determine major farmer needs or priority set by
villagers quickly, it also make comparison of villager ideas more easily Normally, a ranking
priority can be done by apply the following steps:
• Select some issues that need to be given priority . For example: crops, rice varieties,
firewood, fruit trees, or difficulties effected to community development. etc.
• Select some villagers who have proven experiences on village situation to collaborate with
PRA team
• Suggest the villagers show their point of views to give priority to selected issues and how
to give priorities. The villagers decide what categories can be used for ranking or giving
score to ask each villager, the questions should be " what do you think more" Continue to
ask other villagers for the same issues.
• To synthesize all discussed results on a table for making comparison .
See example:
Matrix ranking means that each criteria is given score, the villagers can use stones, maize seeds,
rice seeds to show score that they want to give. This way allows illiterates to be able for ranking.
Double ranking: There are 2 types or 2 issues compared each to other and rank by priority.

Double ranking of the wealth classification for villages in a commune
Ord 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
No of
appeara
nces
Priority
1 Village 1 X 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 10 2
2 Village 2 X 2 4 5 2 7 8 9 2 2 12 4 8
3 Village 3 X 4 5 3 7 8 9 3 3 12 3 9
4 Village 4 X 5 4 7 8 9 4 4 12 5 7

5 Village 5 X 7 8 9 5 5 12 6 6
6 Village 6 X 7 8 9 6 6 12 2 10
7 Village 7 X 8 9 7 7 12 7 5
8 Village 8 X 8 8 8 8 11 1
9 Village 9 X 9 9 12 8 4
10 Village 10 X 10 12 1 11
11 Village 11 X 12 0 12
12 Village 12 X 9 3

On the table, Village 8 is the best wealthy, Village 11 is the poorest in commune.

PRA - VDP
16
Tool 7: Venn diagram

7.1 Objectives:
• To assist villagers in discussing different importance level of organisations and its impacts
to villagers' life
• Through implementation of the tool both PRA staff and villagers can find out necessary
change need to be made to support organizations to help villagers more effectively.
Villagers' demands can also be reflected to exiting organizations, it makes organizations to
know what should be changed to satisfy the need of villagers. .
7.2.Methodology :
• Form a group consist of 5 to 7 villagers in cluding men and women, elder is promoted
• PRA staff guide villagers to list organisations which have activities related to villagers life,
the villagers show their point of views , to determine responsibility, importance levels as
well as impact of those organizations to village .
• Suggest villagers to use color paper cards and comparison method to determine the
important levels of each organization. Biggest circle card shows the community and it is
put at the center. Bigger circles show important organizations and smaller circle show less

important organizations. Distance from center to circles show impact levels of organizations
to village ( a circle far from center show impact of that organization to village is weak and
opposite) After work is finished Venn diagram need to be copied on A4 paper.

Example: An organization diagram (Vene) made by villagers











Villag-
ers
Village
Managem-
ent Board
Farmers
associate
-on
135
progr
am
Agriculture
Bank
Commun

e people
committe
Heath
care
Extension

PRA - VDP
17
Tool 8: Wealth ranking
8.1. Objectives:
• To help villagers to do wealth ranking in the village by themselves determining and
discussing methods to improve livelihood of the poor in village.
• To support monitoring and evaluation on effectiveness and impact of project/program in
next years.
8.2. Methodology:
• To establish a group of 5 to 7 villagers including the poor and woman.
• PRA staff support farmers to determine criteria for wealth ranking, each household category
( rich, medium, poor ) has own criteria. Base on village condition, the villagers can
categorize households into 3-4 groups, categorized ones should be called household
category 1, category 2, category 3 It is should not call rich household group or poor
household group. A table on paper Ao size is prepared as table 1, the criteria are indicated
based on house, family property, food/person, animal.
Table 1: Household indicators
Categories breakdown
Household
categories
House Property Food/person Animal ……………

Category 1

Category 2


Category 3


Category 4

• Prepare small paper cards with different colors, the number of cards is equal to the number
of households in the village, the name of each householder is noted in each card.
• Villagers discuss to categorize households base on criteria identified, households will be
categorized according to categories mentioned in above table
• Villagers put cards with name of households at type of category they want
• At the end of the process, checking the agreement of participants, whether they agree or
not.
• Prepare a similar table (as table 2) on AO paper and the result of discussion of all of
participants. After that, the result is noted on A4 size paper.
Table 2: Household wealth ranking
Ord. Category I Category II Category III Category IV
1
2
3

• Discuss main difficult issues that poor households are facing. What do villagers think?
Suggest discussion group to give scores according to the importance level of these
difficulties. The most important is 10 score and the scores are from 1 to 10, The result of
discussion is noted in model table (table 3).

PRA - VDP
18
Table 3: Difficult issures of the poor
Difficult issu Reason Solution
Give score
1 to 10




• PRA staff assist villagers in discussion to put forward activities for solution of difficult issues
of the poor. Each activity could be showed includes advantage, difficulties, and quantity,
especially the responsibility of village in these tasks. The end, PRA group discusses about
priority ranking for activities. The results of discussion are noted in table 4.

Table 4: The activities for solution of difficulties for poor households
Quantity Responsibility
Prio
rity
Activity
Adva-
ntage
Diffic-
ulty
Soluti
-on
Objec

-tive
Unit
2004 2005 2006
Plac
e
Estima
te
budget
village outside

PRA - VDP
19

Example: Wealth ranking result made by villagers; Tu Ma Rong village, Tu Ma Rong
commune, Dak To district, Kon Tum province:

Criteria for wealth ranking formulated by villagers:

Category I Category II Category III
- One month surplus food/year
- Have average 3 cattle
-There are 1 motorcycle or TV
set
- Have stable house (roof cover
by tile; timber wall)
- Children are sent to school

- Food is enough
- Have average 1-2 cattle
- Have TV set
- House (metal roofing,
Bamboo wall)
- Most families send their
children to school
- Lack 3-4 month food per year
- Have no cattle
- Have no motorcycle, Ti vi set
- House (leaf roofing, bamboo
wall)
- Children are not sent to

school
Wealth ranking result made by villagers
1. A §inh
2. Y Ngäc
3. Y T©m
4. A Dòng
5. Y S¸o
6. Y Bóc
7. A Lîi
8. Y Bung
9. A Bin
1 A Ban
2 A Ph−¬ng
3 A D«n
4 Y Hå
5 A Ninh
6 Y Thu
7 Y Nai
8 Y Ch¨m
9 A Miªn
10 A Han
Y Lý
A Móa
A MÐa
A Man
A T¨ng
A Nhiªn
A Liªm
A PhÝt
A Hiªng

Y Th¶o
Y Thñy



PRA - VDP
20
Social village mapping

After wealth ranking made, the group draws up their social village map:
¾ Base on natural village map that have been made by tool 1, draw up village map ( boundary of
the village, main roads, compound area ) on A0 paper size.
¾ Mark households sites on the map by using different color; for example: Households
categorized 1, mark red color, households categorized 2, mark yellow color
¾ Final discuss households sites marked on the map, and evaluate where household category 1
located and where category 4 located give ideas to help the poor and indicate which area in
the village need to be supported.


Example: A social village map made by PRA group

PRA - VDP
21
Tool 9: Household economic semi-structured interview

9.1. Objectives :
• To evaluate, analyse current livelihood of households,
• this is a basis to be used for follow-up evaluation activities
9.2. Methodology :
• To form a discussion group consist of at least 4 persons
• The result of wealth ranking is used as a basis to select households for interview. Several
households represented each type of household category , will be selected for interview
• Discuss household economic status. Suggest households to analyze itself according to
model table prepared .
Note: Before household economic analysis, PRA staff need to and explain clearly objective of
interview
The discussion must be welcome, comfortable. To ensure that the farmers do not feel as if
they are being crossexamined .
During interview process, PRA staff should try to apply opening questions to discover
necessary information. The use of hard question will make interview boring and collected
information to be idea of PRA staff

Table 5: Example for household economical analysis
Head householder name : No of people :
Household category : No of labor :
Village : commune : district :
Income Spend Income resorces

$ VND material $ VND materials
balance Solution
Food Crop
Rice
Maize
Other
Pig
Chicken
Laber rent
















PRA - VDP
22
Chapter III- Village development plan
1. Appraisal , making plan on agriculture
1.1. Objective

• Appraise current situation of agriculture production including productively that can be indicated .
• Problems, obstacle which are facing by villagers then find out solutions
• Raising activities base on villagers' demands
1.2. Methodology
• Form a villagers' group consist of 5-7 people, male and female should be included ( People
who have proven experiences should be selected)
• The group visit field where activities are need to be appraised.
• Discuss and answer questions concerning situation, problems, obstacle of agriculture
production. Result of discussion is completed in to the following table
• Table 6

Table 6: Situation of agriculture production
Items Situations Problems Reason Methodology
Crops
Paddy rice



Plant protection



Livestock
Buffalo
Pig

Veterinary

Other service

• Discuss proposed activities for agriculture production, giving priority for proposed activities
and complete the following table Table 7
Table 7: Proposed activities for agriculture
Quanlity Responsibility
Prio
.
Activity
Soluti
on
Object
ive
Unit
200
4
200
5
200
6
Place
Estimat
ed cost
Villag
ers
Outsider
s
Crop

Livestock











PRA - VDP
23
2. Appraise , make plan on forest trees and fruit

2.1. Objective :
• Appraise current situation of forest production and management
• Indicate problems, obstacle and find out solutions for forest production and management .

2.2. Methodology
• Form a group consist of 5-7 villagers who have long experiences on forest production and
management, male and female should be included.
• Visit forest area which represent different forest types in the village.
• Discuse and analyze current situation and propose solution, discussion results completed
in the following table (Table 8)
Table 8: Situation of forest management and fruit trees .
Items Situation Problems Causes Solution
Forest planting

Forest restoration
Forest protection

Fruit trees
- Mango
- Grapefruit
-

• Discuss solution to solve problem, giving priority for proposed activities . Consolidate
information gained in to the table 9.
Tool 9: Proposed activities for forest production and fruit trees.
Quanlity Responsibility
Prio. Activities
Solutio-
n
Objec
-tive
Uni
-t
200
4
200
5
200
6
Place
Cost
estimat
e
Villager

s
Ousider
s
Forest

Fruit trees












PRA - VDP
24
3. Appraise, make plan on rural infrastructure

3.1. Objective:
• Through analyses of situation of current
constructions in the village, to indicate
problems on both technical situation and
current use of contractions, propose
solution.
• Propose constructions need to be
updated or new built to reduce problems

facing by villagers

3.2. Methodology:
• Form a group of villagers consist of 5- 7
villagers who have long experiences on
rural infrastructure in the village, the
group do appraisal of current
constructions .
• Collect information and data of exiting constructions and complete the following table and
indicate constructions' place on the map.

Table 10: Situation of infrastructure


Pri
o.
Name of
constructions
Year
of
buildin
-g
Finan
cial
resou
rces
Capacity
(technical
data)
Number

of
beneficia
tes
Current
manageme
nt
Problems
Exiting works
I- Irrigation
1) Reserve
2) Dams.
3) Canal

II- Rural road
1- Inter-village
roads:
a) Road
b) Bridge
c) Culverts


2- Road inside
village:
a) Road
b) Bridge
c)

III School:
a) Primary
b) Nursery

IV- Health station
V- Electric
VI- Drinking water
IV Sanitation,
environment hygiene




PRA - VDP
25
• Problems being faced by villagers are the basis to raise discussion and to propose works
needing invest and solutions. Visiting the field is a good way for PRA staff and villagers to
find out unfeasible works that will be deleted in proposed plan by villagers. Couple
comparison tool is used to priotize proposed activities and indicate responsibility of
contributors.
• Discussion result are completed on the following
• Table 11

Table 11: Proposed activities for infrastructure
Contributors
Prio. Works proposed (
solution , number,
size)
Estim
ated
cost
Future
capacity

Numb
er of
benef
iciarie
s in
future
Type
of
house
hold
catego
ries to
be
benefi
ciaries
.
Availa
ble
local
materi
als
Working
conditions
(Problems,
road access
to works)
Year
of
impl
eme

ntati
on
Benefi
ci-
aries
Outsider
s
I- Update and repairer



II- New building