Interactions 1 grammar

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NHA XUAT BAN TONG HOP

THÀNH PHO HO CHi MINH

NHA XUAT BAN

McGRAW-HILL


Interactions

1 Grammar,

5th Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill ESL/ELT, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2007 by The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,

or stored in a database or

retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or
transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
ISBN 138: 978-0-07-127232-2
ISBN 10: 0-07-127232-1

This edition under ISBN: 978-0-07-127232-2 is specially reprinted in Vietnam by McGraw-Hill
Education Asia and Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House is the exclusive distributor of

this edition in Vietnam.

An phẩm này được in lại và phát hành độc quyền tại Việt Nam duéi su hgp tac gitta McGraw-Hill

Education Asia va Nha xuat bản Tổng hợp Thanh phố Hồ Chí Minh với ISBN: 978-0-07-127939-9-

INTERACTIONS 1
GRAMMAR
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GPXB số: 756-09/CXB/49-109/THTPHCM ngày 19/8/2009
In xong và nộp lưu chiều tháng 8/2009.

A Special Thank You
The Interactions/Mosaic Silver Edition team wishes to thank our extended team: teachers,
students, administrators, and teacher trainers, all of whom contributed invaluably to the
making of this edition.
Macarena Aguilar, North Harris College, Houston,
Texas a Mohamad Al-Alam, Imam Mohammad
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia & Faisal M. Al Mohanna
Abaalkhail, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
Amal Al-Toaimy, Women’s College, Prince Sultan

University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4 Douglas Arroliga,

Ave Maria University, Managua, Nicaragua 8 Fairlie
Atkinson, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea #
Jose R. Bahamonde, Miami-Dade Community College,
Miami, Florida 5 John Ball, Universidad de las
Americas, Mexico City, Mexico | Steven Bell,
Universidad Ja Salle, Mexico City, Mexico = Damian
Benstead, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
Paul Cameron, National Chengchi University, Taipei,
Taiwan R.O.C. & Sun Chang, Soongsil University, Seoul,
Korea & Grace Chao, Soochow University, Taipei,
Taiwan R.O.C. = Chien Ping Chen, Hua Fan University,
Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. & Selma Chen, Chihlee Institute
of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan R.0.C. & Sylvia Chiu,
Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. 8 Mary
Colonna, Columbia University, New York, New York
Lee Culver, Miami-Dade Community College, Miami,

Florida & Joy Durighello, City College of San
-

Francisco, San Francisco, California 4 Isabel Del Valle,
ULATINA, San Jose, Costa Rica & Linda Emerson,
Sogang University, Seoul, Korea & Esther Entin,
Miami-Dade Community College, Miami, Florida
Glenn Farrier, Gakushuin Women’s College, Tokyo,
Japan 4 Su Wei Feng, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. 3 Judith
Garcia, Miami-Dade Community College, Miami,
Florida = Maxine Gillway, United Arab Emirates

University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates 4 Colin

Gullberg, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Natasha Haugnes, Academy of Art University, San
Francisco, California « Barbara Hockman, City College
of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 8 Jinyoung
Hong, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea | Sherry Hsieh,
Christ’s College, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. | Yu-shen Hsu,
Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. & Cheung
Kai-Chong, Shih-Shin University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Leslie Kanberg, City College of San Francisco, San
Francisco, California § Gregory Keech, City College of
San Francisco, San Francisco, California &@ Susan Kelly,
Sogang University, Seoul, Korea 4 Myoungsuk Kim,
Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea & Youngsuk Kim,
Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea = Roy Langdon,
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea & Rocio Lara,
University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 4

Insung Lee, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea 4 Andy
Leung, National Tsing Hua University, Taipei, Taiwan
R.O.C. 8 Elisa Li Chan, University of Costa Rica, San
Jose, Costa Rica § Elizabeth Lorenzo, Universidad
Internacional de las Americas, San Jose, Costa Rica

Cheryl Magnant, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul,
Korea & Narciso Maldonado [uit, Escuela Tecnica
Electricista, Mexico City, Mexico 9 Shaun Manning,
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
Yoshiko Matsubayashi, Tokyo International
University, Saitama, Japan & Scott Miles, Sogang
University, Seoul, Korea 4 William Mooney, Chinese
Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan R.0.C. = Jeff Moore,
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea & Mavelin de
Moreno, Lehnsen Roosevelt School, Guatemala City,

Guatemala 8 Ahmed Motala, University of Sharjah,

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 5 Carlos Navarré,
University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 8 Dan
Neal, Chih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. &
Margarita Novo, University of Costa Rica, San Jose,
Costa Rica 4 Karen O’Neill, San Jose State University,
San Jose, California 5 Linda O’Roke, City College of
San Francisco, San Francisco, California & Martha
Padilla, Colegio de Bachilleres de Sinaloa, Culiacan,
Mexico ® Allen Quesada, University of Costa Rica, San
Jose, Costa Rica 4 Jim Rogge, Broward Community
College, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida & Marge Ryder, City

College of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Gerardo Salas, University of Costa Rica, San Jose,
Costa Rica & Shigeo Sato, Tamagawa University, Tokyo,
Japan 4 Lynn Schneider, City College of San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 8 Devan Scoble,
Songkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea § Maryjane
Scott, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
Ghaida
Shaban, Makassed Philanthropic School, Beirut,
Lebanon & Maha Shalok, Makassed Philanthropic
School, Beirut, Lebanon ® John Shannon, University of

Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Elsa Sheng,

National Technology College of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
R.O.C. 5 Ye-Wei Sheng, National Taipei College of
Business, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. & Emilia Sobaja,
University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 8 YouSouk Yoon, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
Shanda Stromfield, San Jose State University, San

Jose, California ® Richard Swingle, Kansai Gaidai

College, Osaka, Japan & Carol Sung, Christ’s College,
Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. 8 Jeng-Yih Tim Hsu, National
Kaohsiung First University of Science and
Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan R.O.C. & Shinichiro
Torikai, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan = Sungsoon
Wang, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea & Kathleen Wolf,
City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, .
California & Sean Wray, Waseda University

International, Tokyo, Japan & Belinda Yanda, Academy
of Art University, San Francisco, California 4 Su Huei
Yang, National Taipei College of Business, Taipei,
Taiwan R.O.C. & Tzu Yun Yu, Chungyu Institute of
Technology, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.


Welcome to Interactions/Mosaic Silver Edition.........................------:--ccrnrerrrrrrrrrre x
xvi
Scope and Sequence.........................-----ccrriieerreerrrrtrrrdrdtrrrdrtrdrdrrdtrrrdrdrririe

Chapter

2

BE; THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE; PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
dtr 5
Affirmative and Negative S†atemenfS.......................eererederrrrrrrrrrdrrrdnrrr
1.1
n 5
naaaaann
an
6..........
ti cố.
8
Yes/No Questions and Short AnSWTS..................ceeerrrrrrrrrrrrrerrrdrdtrrrrrrrtrr
4.3
13
rre
rrdinftrrrt

rrrddrrrrrd
The lmperatiVe Form......................-crcrerrrreirrrrdrrrrriirdrrr
4.4
14
v nnn HT HH1 0301 E214.
LESL...........
4.5
15
Hy
g3
H1
kg
1 TH ng 1131 1311171
The Simple Present Tense.......................e ĐT
1.6
17
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers in the Present Tense......................eeeerreen
1.7
19
e
trtrrrrrre
...eeeeree
Information Questions in the Simple Present TenS@...............
4.8
22
Frequency AdVerbs..........................-eerererrerererrrtrrrrrdrrdrrrtrrdrinrrrrrltrrrtrrreire
1.9
23
rtrrirrrde
rrrtrrdrrt

4.10 Questions with Frequency AdVerbS................eeeeerrrrrrrtrrrr
nrniiir 23
1.11 Frequency Phra§@s..................... -ccrenrrthrhrhrrrrtrrrrrrtrrrtrrdrrrdrrrtrdrrrri
a 28
.aao
.............a.a
4.12 Personal 1o nh...

1.13 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns....................-...--csrrerierrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmrrie 29

Chapter

32

THERE IS / THERE ARE; POSSESSIVE NOUNS; THE PRESENT
-CONTINUOUS TENSE; AND MODALS
rit 35
Statements with There is / There af@.....................enrrrerrrrrrrdtrrderrrrditrirdr
2.1.
36
rrrdr
Questions with There fs /Ther@ af@......................eerrrrrrrrrrrrtrrtntrtrrrrrern
2.2
41
Questions with Whose.......................ierrrrerrrrrddrrdtrrtrdrtrrrdrdrrdnndnrtlrrrrrrir
2.3
42
1
111018
hưng. 801110

chữ
PossessiVe NOUIS...................
2.4
46
Statements with the Present Continuous TenSe.................eerenersetrrrree m
2.5
47
eernnrre
Yes/No Questions with the Present Continuous TensS®....................-eeeere
2.6
ee 47
Information Questions with the Present CONTINUOUS Tense...........................ccec
2.7
52
rrtrrrre
Verbs for Feeling or Thoughi........................-ceeeeerrrrrtrrrrdtrdtrrrrrrrrdrrdd
2.8
chớ HH tgrtrrtrreitrrritrttrrre 53
Verbs for POSS©SSỈOT..................
2.9

"9-40 Verbs for Sensory PerceptÏ0n................------ccccncntrrrrrrrttiitrrriiirrrrrrrriiirrrrin 53
211
2.12
2.13
2.14.

iv

Contents

4a”

.--ccensnHhhư HH mrgrtrtrrredrrrrriitrdie
Statements With Modals.....................
rir
Yes/No Questions with Modals....................ceeieeerretirrdetrrrrrrrrrrddrdittrrrtri
ir
Information Questions with ModalS.......................eeerrrrrrtrrmrrrrdrrrrrrrirrtrr
nirinir
ttlttnrtrti
Meanings of ModalS........................cceehhHhrrrrrtttrtrrrrrreritrrrtrdrd

57
57
57
58


Chapter lSỈ

Living to Eat or EatingtoLive?

62

QUANTITY; COMPARISONS AND MODAL VERBS
3.1

Count and Noncount NOUS...................
các HH HH TH TH HH HH HH cư Hy

3.2.

SOme€ and AT. . . . . . . . . . . . ch.
21 11
11.1

KT

0A an

na

........................

K¬.

lờ...

3.5

HOW Many and How Much. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.6

A FOW/A Little... sa...

KH...
3.8

6

c 6.

rệt

AUOQ.........

Comparisons with -er than and More...than

Ki
KkhiM

`...

5.

--c cc ccccc nh HH HH TH TH ng HH

coi
ca

ga

nh.
nh

........................

....................

3.11

MAKING OFfCFS oo... ..........14a4....

3.12

Requesting Permission ......... T

Chapter

TH TH TH

ki HH HH KH TK TT TH T1 105 1 7k

In the Community

92

THE FUTURE; MORE ABOUT VERBS, PREPOSITIONS, AND ARTICLES
4.1

Statements with Be Going to.................... "—..

4.2 _ Yes/No Questions with Be GoÏng ẦO. . . . .
4.3

LH HT

¬

k HT ng ng

cư.

Information Questions with Be Goins †O...........................cHrrdee

4.4 _ Statements with the Simpie Future Tense...........
4.5

Yes/No Questions with the Simple Future Tense

4.6

Information Questions with the Simple Future Tense......................
các ni
100

4.7 _ The Present Continuous for FUtUf@ TỈT
4.8

.........

The Simple Present for Future Tim@...............

cuc ch
co

HH

HH Hee

HH

HH

103

nhau 103

4.9 _ Inseparable Phrasal Verbs:
--cLcL nn LH HH
HH HH
key 108
4.10

Separable Phrasal Verbs: EXaImpÌ@S...............

4.11

Inseparabie Phrasal VerBS...............

LH HH

4.12

Separable Phrasal VGrDS.............. LH
HH HH HH

4.13.

Prepositions of PlAC@. . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.14

PrepOSitions OÍ TỈT@....................
các HH HH ng nghệ TH HH

4.15

Indefinite Articles oo...

4.16

The Definite Article

4.17

The with

LH

.--- c2

HH HH

TH

HH

HH TH HH
HH

HH key 108

TH Hư

Hư Hy 111

HH

Hư 112

n1 11 01 1111111111111 11111 tk ckgrx re 119
kg key 120

o..............d
.. ..
LH

HT

TT kg

HH

KH KTS

gs

6116 kEc

Contents

V


THE PAST TENSE; CONNECTING WORDS
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

'

ẹ

Statements With Past Tense Verbs..........
nu .....
2212111 2n
.........
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers with Main Verbs
information Questions with Main Verbs
Used to

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

Information Questions with the Past Tense of Be

TT
Compound Sentences with And, But, OF, and So...................--s nh
e

149
154

"

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE; SUPERLATIVES AND OTHER COMPARATIVES

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

vi

Contents

aa=

“co.

155

160

14...

The Present Perfect Tense

Ever, Never, Already, Just, Recently, Still, and Yet.......................
Hee
SUP€FlafÏV@ FOFS...................... Q12
SO AN TO . . . . . . .
TH HH Hee
TA HH HH KH KH KH HH
KH key
Either and
c2 tt 20c
1 rerrrrrserreeeeece
Expressing Contrasts With But........cccsccsscsssssessssssssecsssssssnisssssessssessseeesecc
eseecces,

169
175
184
184
186


Chapter

Health

194

KINDS OF VERBS, PRONOUNS, PHRASES, AND CLAUSES
7.1

Verb + Object + InfinitiVe.............................e _—

7.2_

Modal Verbs.......................... G1111 1111111111 1 TH Ty TH Hà H1 11111171 17117111 7117157 1171 10611 rxkp 200

7.3

ReflexiVe PrOnOUS........................ Hee

V- S1 11111 81k TH
pace

KH

01 kg 197
206

7.4

Tag Questions................... ¬—

7.5

Subject PronoUuns...........................-vees ¬

7.6

Reduction of Relative Clauses to Relatives PhraSeS................
nha Haee 216

r0)

sánh

Chapter [3|

¬..

210

........................

——--.,

Entertainment and the Media

222

THE PAST, INFINITIVES, MODAL VERBS, AND PRONOUNS
8n.

Pa

..................

.

225

8.2

Yes/No Questions with the Past Confinuous TenSe..................
.. cnHaee 226

8.3

Information Questions with the Past Continuous TenSe@.....................c.eneneee 226

8.4

The Simple Past Versus the Past Continuous....................

..

229

8.5

When and While................................ Là H451 1111 1511111 Hà ch KH H11 15111111 1H

tk 230

8.6

Infinitives After VerbS...................eeeeee H111
1 11111211111. kg. 235

8.7

Infinitives After Adj©eCV©S...............

uc ngkg kết

1T

KH hy 239

8.8

Infinitives Of PUPPOSE ........................

241

8.9

Summary of Modal VerbS......eescccsessseesseessesseeesstsesnesssessneeee van "—.

245

8.10

006i

8.11

Indefinite Pronouns........... mm...

2n

8n...

.ố.................. 248
"

—¬....

8.

Contents

249

Vv


Chapter

Social Life

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSES; ADVERBS
9.1
9.2
9.3

254
OF DEGREE

The Present Perfect Tense ...........scessssssssesssssssssesssssesecsssssvssssasssssssststesscessseecece
ses.., 258
Questions with the Present Perfect Tense
258

9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

Chapter

Customs, Celebrations, and Holidays 288

MORE ABOUT VERB FORMS: GERUNDS, INFINITIVES,
AND VERB COMPLEMENTS
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7

—_

10.8

Contents

an

Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects.......
c2
.....
nen
.......... 291
Gerunds as Objects of PrepOSitionS.......cccccccccscsssssssessssssssesssssssesessesstees
sesseeecccccce 297
Gerunds After Adjectives and Prepositions
299


Appendix |
Parts of Speech, Sentence Parts, Word Order Chart,
and Grammar Terms

Appendix
Numbers and Calendar Information

Appendix
irregular Verbs

Appendix

Spelling Rules and Irregular Noun Plurals

Appendix
Pronunciation Guidelines for —-s and -ed Endings
Skills Index...


Interactions/Mosaic Silver Edition is a fully-integrated, 18-book
academic skills series. Language
through advanced levels
Chapter themes articulate
cycle content, vocabulary,
NEW

proficiencies are articulated from the beginning
within each of the four language skill strands.
across the four skill strands to systematically reand grammar.

to the Silver Edition of Interactions/Mosaic Grammar:

ol

= World’s most popular and comprehensive academic skills
series—thoroughly updated for today’s global learners
= Redesigned Grammar Charts—numbered sequentially, formatt
ed
consistently, and indexed systematically—provide lifelong reference
value
.
Carefully refined scope and sequence responds to teacher

recommendations for building the most logical continuum of gramma
r

a

a

topics within and across books

Enhanced focus on global content honors the diversity of
Inieractions/Mosaic students from each region of the world
New Self-Assessment Logs encourage students to evaluate their

ñ

learning

New “Best Practices” approach promotes excellence in languag
e

teaching

,


Our Interactions/Mosaic Silver Edition team has produced an edition
that focuses on Best Practices, principles that contribute to excellent language teaching and learning. Our team of writers, editors, and teacher consultants has identified the following six interconnected Best Practices:

aking Use of Academic Content
Materials and tasks based on academic content and experiences give learning real purpose. Students explore real world issues, discuss academic topics, and study content-based and thematic materials.

rganizing Information
Students learn to organize thoughts and notes through a variety of graphic

organizers that accommodate diverse learning and thinking styles.

\caffolding Instruction
A scaffold is a physical structure that facilitates construction of a building.
Similarly, scaffolding instruction is a tool used to facilitate language learning in the form of predictable and flexible tasks. Some examples include
oral or written modeling by the teacher or students, placing information in
a larger framework, and reinterpretation.

ictivating Prior Knowledge
Students can better understand new spoken or written material when they
connect to the content. Activating prior knowledge allows students to tap
into what they already know, building on this knowledge, and stirring a curiosity for more knowledge.

Activities that promote human interaction in pair work, small group work,
and whole class activities present opportunities for real world contact and
real world use of language.
Iultivating Critical Thinking
Strategies for critical thinking are taught explicitly. Students learn tools
that promote critical thinking skills crucial to success in the academic
world.

xi


Compelling instructional photos
strengthen the educational experience.
`

Activating Prior Knowledge
Questions and topical quotes stimulate
interest, activate prior knowledge, and
launch the topic of the unit.
P.

Entertainment and
the Media
‘The Past, infinitives, Modal Verbs, and Pronouns

Part 1 The Past Continuous Tense; The Simple Past Tense Versus the
Past Continuous Tense

Part2

Infinitives

Part3

Summary of Modal Verbs; Summary of Pronouns; indefinite
Pronouns

£6 Nothing is so intolerable to man as being fully at

rest, without a passion, without business, without
entertainment, without care. 39
i

Blaise Pascal

French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (1623-1683)

How often do you watch movies or television?
[Ey what types of movies do you enjoy?
lai What are your favorite television shows?


Making Use of Academic Content

Interacting with Others

Academic topics provide context for the

Group and pair work create situations for

grammar.

students to use the grammar they are

/

learning.

Reading Read the pfssege.

Prepositions of Place’ and Time

Boston's Historic Freedom Trail

aarti

Curiestown

A great way te see old downtown

thun
tsovet
fs. caus
were
€ơtrrranen

Boston,

Massachusetts,

during the

day is to walk the Freedom Trail. The trail is three miles long, and it takes

you by many famous, historic places from the time of the American Revo-

Intion (1775-1783). The trail starts at an information booth an Boston
Common, a kirge park next to Boston's Public Gardens. The booth is on

‘Tremont Street between the Park Street and Tremont Street subway stations. You can get tour information and a trail map at the booth. There are
many interesting stops an the trail
One important stop is the Old State House

at Washington

and

State

Streets, Built in 1712, it now has a museum with exhibits about Boston's
history. From the Old State House, you can walk through Faneuil Halland
Quincy

Market.

These

old, historic buildings

are

now

a busy center for

shopping, dining, and entertainment. Many stores In Quincy Market stay
open until 9:00 pat, making them a perfect place te come back to En the

evening, after dinner.

2]

After Quincy Market, you can walk toward the North End. This part of
Boston has many wonderful Italian shops, cafés, and restaurants. Also in
the North End is Revere House, another important stop on the Freedom

‘Trail It is the home of Paul Revere (1735-1818), patriot during the Ameri-

seston

ame 18

can Revolution. Built in 1676, it is the aldest standing building In Beston.

ee
|SUN
i, I

¢
CNS

DS he

The U.S.S. Constitution, a famous warship built in 1797, is across the

Inner Harbor in the Charlestown Navy Yard. You can walk over the
Charlestown
fean warship
You can visit
Near the

Bridge to get there. The U.S.S. Constitution is the aldest Amerafloat today. The U.S.S. Constitution Museum is near the ship.
the ship for free, but you have to pay to visit the museum.
Charlestown Navy Yard is the Bunker Hill Monument, the last

stop on the Freedom Trail, The monument commemorates the Battle of

CH ngôi &>

Bunker Hill, an important battle of the American Revolution, fought on
June 17, 1775. After you finish the trail, you will probably be ready fora
rest. You may wish to relax in one of Boston's beautiful parks, or geta cof-

SOY

fee at one of the many cafés in the North End.

Discussion Questions Discuss these questions with a partner.

4.
2.
3,
4,

Prereading Questions Discuss these questions vath a small group.

=

D>

Would you like to visit a city with many historical places? Why or why nat?

ws:

tntheCommunity

117

118

Chapter4 wa

What kinds of places can you visit along the Freedom Trail?
Where is the information booth an Boston Common?
How can you get from Quiney Market to the North End?
What can you do in the North End?


Redesigned grammar charts—
numbered sequentially, formatted
consistently, and indexed

systematically—

provide lifelong reference value.

Explanations
Aflirmative

Instatements, modals come before the
simple form of
a verb.

‘The rain may stop soon.

you will = youll

We will call you tonight.

‘The contractions with will are:
i
we will = well

she will «shell
Negative

ean swim.

* Don't use to belore the second verb.
* Will can appear in short forms.

ability or imblity

‘The tents might fall down,

they will = theyl

May not and might not cannot appear:
in contractions.

future possibility

May
Might

future plans

predictions

lean’ find
my watch.
He won't
go with us.

We may not need
the compass,

Yean speak English. (Tam able to speak English)
He can’t swim. (He isntable to swim.)
Can you dance? (Are you able to dance?)
+ | Aemay rain. (Maybe it will rain: maybe it won't)
might not go. (Maybe f won't go; maybe I will)

TH see you tomorrow, (1 plan to see you tomorrow.)
The movie won't be crowded. (1 predict the movie won't
be crowder.}
ˆ
Will you buy a tent? (Do you plan to buy atent?}

I might
not come Inck.

Practice Underline the modats and following simple verbs in the conversation on
pages $5 and 56, Does the modal in each statement or quastion mean ability, Arture
possibility, future plans, or prediction?

Affirmative | Negative

Affirmative
.
Negative

| Inyes‘no questions, moduls

come before the sentence

subject.

For negative questions,

[| Can you go with us?

Yes, team

| Might itrain tonight?

Can't the children swim?

Example

No, Lean't.

‘Yea, wewill

| No, we won't.

{n information questions, modals
come after the question word,

What can we do?
Who unas visit us?

We ean run io that tree.
Casios
may visit us.

For negative questions, insert
not after Uhe modal

Whatean't Farshadeat
with us?

Wharmalght happen?
Where will they go?

| He can't eat ment.

3. Who / take down / the tents/can

Hireshi may not stay,
Alma and Sapir might

Who might not go?

Why won't Anita visit?

He may ga to © movie with his friend tonight.

2. stay /ata campsite / You / all week long
/ can't

You might get sick,
They'll stay home.

Who may not stay?

with his friend/ may / tonight
/ go/ to a movie/ He

1, You/ without matches /a fire / can't start

Possible Answers

Negative

= cbility

Practice Put these words into the correct order for staterrtents or questions. Pay
attention to the capital letter and the end-of-sentence punctuation.

‘Yes, they can, | No, they can’t,

inert notafterthe modal. | Won'titbe hotin Aug? =| Yes, itwill | No,
it won't.

Example

Affirmative

| can’t believe it's already time to go home.

‘Yes, itamight. | No, itwon't.

Will we get there Inte?

4 with the extra food / you / will / What / do.

not go.
| (She won't visit) because
‘satschook

Š. might /in an hour or so / be /bome/ We

B, Meanings

6 we/ Where / can / order /a poe

Each modal has more than one Meaning or use. This chart gives examples of the meanings of can, may, might, and wall in this chapter,

ans Experiencing Nature

57

58

Chapter?

wa

ee

Scaffolding Instruction
Practice with a variety of activity types
builds grammar skills.

3. The Old State House is open
built

Michack

S30 aM

ä 08 bát

the summer.

—_—_—~~,~—ee T718,

Fambndge, Massachusetts, is the

oldest utuversity

fe United States Many visitors ke:

§, The Bunker Hill Monument
is

Michaek Hi, Janet It's Mike. I just wanted to thank you
Tee

the Charlestown Navy

Yard. You can easily get

the Monument.

Fan

the Nav

danet:

6. Paul Revere House is located __,

19 North Sưeet

Congress Street

FrAlay evenings, it's open
9.00 Pat

9, Quincy Market is

Apen

Why don’t you try calling Sarah?

Michaek

Sarah?

Janet:

She told me that she was thinking ————_____

Tien

9.00 ae.
the evening.

summer there are many fireworks displays in
Boston Th/ biggest one is WW.

“ung

you

flowers. The last tíme Í spoke with her, she was trying to choose

the Public

night. {t's a goad place to shop
dinner

3

Janet:

Boston are

Jrreet stretches
Massachusetts Avenue.

roses from a woman.

Roses? 1... uh... didn’t send you roses. Anyway, haven't you heard?

Michael Sorry, Janet! I didn’t know! | apologize

the Arferican Revolution.
7. The Boston Children’s Musedmis__-_>_EE

so romantic, I've often dreamed

Phil and { are dating

the Norén End. Paul Revere was a patriot.

Newbury Street. The
Garden

i

doe Te flowers on Valentine's

đanet: — Helle?

ts campy

8. Many fine stores

of sedi

Day. I'l call her. (He dials Janet's number, The phone rings.)

4, Harvard University,
towalk

(te himself} Red rases' They ‘te beauaful I bet they’re from Janet fs
so nice of her tothink

was

youa card of flowers.

Michael

Really? 1 didn't even know that she liked me.

Janet:

She's been planning —s

Michael:

Wow. Thanks tt

but she's so shy?

me know. ve always had 3

crush on her, too! I'm going to call her right now.

the ath of Jtsty.

Practice Look at the picture of a city street on page 122. Answer these questions
with the prepositions af placa: in, on, at between, near next to, across from under,
over, to, toward, through, down, up, and across. Can you answer each question in more
than ana way? You may add your own prepositions and other vocabulary.

mã Doing Research About a Holiday
As a group, use the intemet
or resource
books in tha Library ta find out sbout a holiday from another culture. Prepare @
description of tha holiday for the class, using as many gerunds 2s you can.

Example Germans lock ferwerd to celebrating Fasching (Carnival) neer
the end of vary winter. Dencing end perticipating in perades
Gre commen octivities. end it’s trediticnal to weer costumes

Feeple lock forwerd ta having a great time at Fesching

ag.

intheCommunity

1427

304

Chapter 10

Cultivating Critical Thinking
Using What You've Learned section
prom pts students to use the grammar in
activities that cultivate critical thinking
skills.


1

Academic Life Around
the World
.

Be, The Simple Present
Tense, Pronouns and
Adjectives
Part 1 The Verb Be

Meeting other new students
Talking about classes
Discussing textbooks

Part 2 The Simple Present
Tense
Part3 Personal Pronouns,

Possessive Adjectives,
and Pronouns

2

Experiencing Nature

There Is / There Are,
Possessive Nouns, The
Present Continuous Tense,
and Modals
Part 1 There is / There are

Deciding ona hiking route
Setting up a picnic
Making plans to go to the
campground

Part 2 Questions with
Whose; Possessive
Nouns

Part 3 The Present
Continuous Tense;
Nonaction Verbs
Part 4 Modal Verbs: Can,
May, Might, Will

3

Living to Eat or Eating to
Live?

| Quantity, Comparisons, and
Modal Verbs
Part 1 Nouns and
Expressions of
Quantity
Part 2 Comparisons
Part 3 Modal Verbs:
Requests, Offers, and
Permission

xvi

Scope and Sequence

aa °

The changing American diet
Discussing products and prices in
the supermarket
Ordering food in a restaurant


The Future; More About
Verbs, Prepositions, and
Articles
Part 1 Future Verb Forms

Another busy day in town
Waking up to face a full schedule
Going on a walking tour

Part 2 Phrasal Verbs
Part 3. Prepositions of Place
and Time
Part 4 Articles

The Past Tense; Connecting
Words

Talking about the good old days

Part 1 The Simple Past Tense
(Regular Verbs); Used

Dividing the chores among

to

Moving into a new apartment
roommates

Part 2 The Simple Past Tense
. (irregular Verbs); The
Past Tense of the Verb
Be

Part 3 Connecting Words

6

Cultures of the World

The Present Perfect
Tense; Superlatives
and
_ Other Comparatives
Part 1 The Present Perfect
Tense (1)

Meeting other travelers and sharing experiences
Writing home while traveling
Talking about favorite places

Part 2 Superlatives
Part 3 Comparisons with So,
Too, Either, and
Neither; But

Hea

Scope and Sequence

XV


7 Health

Kinds of Verbs, Pronouns,
Phrases, and Clauses
Part 1 Verb + Object +
Infinitive; Modal
Verbs: Should,
Had better, Have to,
and Must

Getting health advice
Working out at the gym
Writing home from the hospital

Part 2 Reflexive Pronouns;
Tag Questions
Part 3 Relative Clauses
8

Entertainment and
the Media

The Past, Infinitives, Modal
Verbs, and Pronouns

A news broadcast

Part 1 The Past Continuous
Tense; The Simple
Past Tense Versus
the Past Continuous
Tense

Going to the movies

A commercial

Part 2 Infinitives
Part 3 Summary of Modal
- . Verbs; Summary of
Pronouns; Indefinite

Pronouns
9

Social Life

The Present Perfect Tenses;
Adverbs of Degree
Part 1 The Present Perfect
Tense (2)

Discussing the social scene
Sharing pastimes and interests
Talking about dating

Part 2 The Present Perfect
Continuous Tense; The
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Versus the Present
Perfect Tense

Part 3 Adverbs of Degree: So,
Such, Enough, and Too
1 0

More About Verb Forms:
Gerunds, Infinitives, and
Verb Complements

Customs,

Celebrations, and
Holidays

Part 1 Gerunds and Infinitives
as Subjects
Part 2 Gerunds and

Prepositions

Part 3 Verbs and Gerunds;
Verbs Before Objects
and Simple Verb Forms

Xviii

Scope and Sequence

a8»

Celebrating birthdays

New Year's celebrations around
the world
Body language across cultures


Author Acknowledgements
To my father Isadore Fendelman

1917-2004
— Elaine Kirn

xix


Be, The Simple Present Tense, Pronouns and Adjectives
Part 1

The Verb Be

Part 2

The Simple Present Tense

Part 3

Personal Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, and Pronouns

G&He who learns but does not think, is lost. He who
thinks but does not learn, is in great danger. 39

—Confucius
Chinese philosopher (551-479 B.c.)


Do you enjoy going to school?

What is difficult about school?
What is enjoyable about school?


The Verb Be

đo

Prereading Questions Discuss these questions with a small group.
How do you feel on your first day of school? Is it difficult to find your classes?

Reading Read the conversation.
Excuse me. Is this seat free?
Imad:
Yes, it is.
Carlos: Thanks. (Carlos sits down. ) I’m Carlos.
Imad:
Hi, Carlos. I’m Imad. Are you a new student here?
Carlos: Yes, 1 am. This is my first day at this school. How is this
class?
Imad:
It’s great! The students are very nice, and the professor is
a fantastic teacher.
Carlos: Wow! The professor is that good?

Imad:
Yes, he is. Professor Jimenez is one of my favorite
teachers.
Carlos: Umm... Isn’t this Professor Kazahri’s class?
Imad:
No, it isn’t.
Carlos: Isn’t this room 409?
Imad:
No, it’s not. This is room 406. Room 409 is across the hall.
Carlos: Oops. I’m in the wrong class!
Carlos:

4

Chapter 1 an:


CQ

' Discussion Questions Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. Is Imad a new student?
2.

Is Imad happy with his class? Why or why not?

3. Is Carlos’s class in room 406?
4. Is Carlos in the wrong class? How does he know?
5. How does Carlos feel? Why do you think so?

A. Affirmative and Negative Statements; Contractions

The verb be has different forms after different subjects.

Explanations

Examples

Affirmative | Use am with the pronoun I.

Tam from Japan.

Statements | Use ave with plural nouns and we, you, they,
these, or those.

| The students are late.
You are twins!

Use is with singular nouns and he, she, ii,
this, or that.
Negative
Use not after a form of be in negative
Statements | sentences.

The teacher is over
there.
Tam not late.
She is not in this class.

Contractions are short forms. Use them in conversation and informal writing. Use full
forms in more formal writing.

Full Forms

Affirmative | I am Mexican.
He is a new student.

Negative

Contractions

T’m Mexican.
He’s a new student.

She is a professor.

She’s a professor.

It is Tuesday.

It’s Tuesday.

We are sisters.

We're sisters.

You are very smart.

You're very smart.

They are in class.

They’re in class.
(no contraction)

Tam not interested.

Tm not interested.

He is not in the office.

He’s not in the office. | He isn’t in the office.

She is not happy.

She’s not happy.

She isn’t happy.

It is not here.

It’s not here.

It isn’t here.

We are not students.

We're not students.

We aren’t students.

You are not married.

You’re not married.

You aren’t married.

They are not friendly.

They’re not friendly.

They aren’t friendly.

«. Academic Life Around the World

.

5