Đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng phát triển của một số tổ hợp ngô lai có triển vọng tại huyện quản bạ, tỉnh hà giang

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DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG
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MỞ ĐẦU
1. Đặt vấn đề
Zea mays L.) 
 !"#$%&#$'()*+,-
'./0$'()*12
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9>,7/?)5'+6,7/@A++,7BCDE&F/GG7HI%8
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DQ/GG:7H:I%
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N$JS`/F%Cbcp#S
PJDi%k$gFP#j/go<MS<
")U1$"NJ0<M"e$"j/
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"gTK<'b$N'KF $/N'K
FNGGS9/+Sq/r+G/,'b$N'KF 
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#btS/eTK</bUOb"M0
!$/0U<0<X^c0.#
"M0U!/_X#0'WK%
uK<0\E"e"j#U2
"Đánh giá kh năng sinh trưng phát trin ca mt s tổ hợp ngô lai có
trin vọng tại huyện Qun Bạ, tỉnh Hà Giang".
2. Mục tiêu của đề tài
-u0g-.<ZNSN'K/1.<b$
XUX1Kbc< 0'WKPg<_$U
'WKSUmRS/b0bQcPJDi%
3. Yêu cầu của đề tài
- &5)p0S']/<0_P0-.<
1U%
- C"M[_F0b'vP0-.<
1U%
- &5)pXN!g!g'U/!-7P

0-.<1U%
- C"M0#!KN'KbN'KP0-
.<1U%
4. Ý nghĩa khoa học và ý nghĩa thực tiễn
4.1. Ý nghĩa khoa học
w8# "MP'xW0g.E-.<Z
N'K/<Q.<b$XU'0PJDiy
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w8# "MPcM O0"
Mb']/<0_bXN!g]%
4.2. Ý nghĩa thực tiễn
AZ<<e)Sc<!<Q.<b$XU
'0SJDi%
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Chương 1
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
1.1. Sản xuất và nghiên cứu ngô trong và ngoài nước
1.1.1. Sn xuất ngô trên thế giới
CLb<-#K"#$/X
Z_'0Xg<b$bNN'KS/b /U
#CDE&Fb'/66+7HI%
CT_F.M)*b0z
b)O/O!/U'O/$ZBb
0"Mb'WKCDE&F/66+7HGI%dbc)U1/
N'K"*NENe%
Bảng 1.1. Sản xuất ngô thế giới giai đoạn 1961 - 2010

Năm
Diện tích
(triệu ha)
Năng suất
(tạ/ha)
Sản lượng
(triệu tấn)
6: G`/>9 6/> G`%GG
GG> >+/>+ >6/>9 +6/
GG` >+/>> >9/> +/6
GG: >9/: >+/` +G:/
GG+ `9/: >6/:6 +99/
GG9 :/G `/G6 9/+
GG6 ``/+ `/6 9G6/G
GG :/ `/`` 9G/:
Nguồn: Số liệu thống kê của FAO, 2013
m'!U"K/N6:/N'KFP
#$JS'K<WJGSq#NGG>N'K"#
${S>6/>9Sq%CNGG/)U15b$:/
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U/N'KS`/``Sq/b'.S9G/:UK%&X
Z/)U1j$N6:`/U/N'K6Sq/
'.`/UK%CNGG/)U1`9/U/N'KS
>Sq/'.S:9G/+UK%dU1j|N6:S
GG/6U/N'KSSq/'..6/UK%
CNGG/)U1/6U/N'K6/Sq/'.S
:9>/UK}=h~&=&/GG7%Cbc/EN /j
$/j|bbtEP'WK

U<#$/[)Q)U1P#$NGGZK<
'b$j|N'Kb'.btMe
EP#"#$%CN'KP#$N
GGG/`'b$NGG6/W'.btS9G/:U
KN/:UK/ZK#P0!b0
U<0<X^cNN'K.VS%CL'(
)*!bX^cO"#N'K"#
${N/9ebTGN6:Gw66G7%
&LeGG,)U1P3^0!
/Zy6G,!%•e$0$<0_
N'KNX0X_N'K]3^SN
#%8# ZZ.LM)*U'O'WK
3w&)•55/GG`7H9I%dbcN'K/'.
P3^SK/'Z#&m!/R4/@A/%%%%
&5}=h/bU'WKb"*"#$Z'K
!Ebe)t#FS0$c<XVN)e/
0$WKXV)e\#ENe#Xsuu?%
Bảng 1.2. Sản xuất ngô của một số nước trên thế giới năm 2010
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9
Nước
Diện tích
(triệu ha)
Năng suất
(tấn/ha)
Sản lượng
(nghìn tấn)
3^ / G/> %GG
&m! G/>9 `/` :%9

RW /+6 /+ `%
35W +/G /9 G%G
@A 9/>G /G: +%GG
€ G/6 9/:G +%9++
AM G/>: 6/+` >%`+
D•S< G/> 6/9G %`
?W5 G/GG` :/ 9
Nguồn: Số liệu thống kê của FAO, 2010 [16]
uKXV{5S.$0$$'WK
3^/&m!/=5/D/BCDE&F/GG7HI%
&m!.W5L !MM"#$/'
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Vùng Năm 1997 Năm 2020 % thay đổi
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"*b$!F#$'!GN
%CN69G/N'K$Jr>,'b$F#
$/N66Gr>,/NGGGr`6/9,/NGG`r+>/>,b
NGGS9G/9,%CN66G/'.b.‡UK/N
GGGb.‡UK/b#NGGkUCSN'K/)U
1/'.K\$#)U1S%:6/6F
/N'KS>G/6Sqb'.>/:G:UK7%
~<0_]kUC{.?33n&b}=hˆ
0$Xb00%kUC{-Xg<0$
XbbF"MS!b]Se
bUU5/K<Kb{7CDE
&F/GG7HI%
Bảng 1.4. Sản xuất ngô Việt Nam giai đoạn năm 1975 – 2010
Năm
Diện tích
(nghìn ha)
Năng suất
(tạ/ha)
Sản lượng
(nghìn tấn)

6+` +:/: G/> +9/>
69G 96/: /GG >9/9
69` 6/ >/6G `9>/6
66G >/9 `/`G :+/G
G
G

66` ``:/9 / %9>/
GGG +G/ +/`G %GG`/6
GG` %G`/: :/G %+9+/
GG: %G/ +/G %9`>/:
GG+ %G6:/ 6/G >%G/
GG9 %`/6 >G/G >%`/
GG6 %G9:/9 >G/9G >%>/9
GG %:/6 >G/6G >%:G:/9
Nguồn: Tổng cục Thống kê, 2013 [14]
3S[U[)Q)U1/N'Kb'
.P$N'b$F P#
$N'K$TKK</[X0e'()*PkU
C$%kK[Ub*K ObK<#
0 "MOS!S0!ZN'K
/!g!L0<M."ebK.%
1.1.3. Sn xuất ngô  Hà Giang
Qb$'<0_$/JDiE
NeˆK <0_'WKb{.
X# KgLZ0XOX^c$/.)
M)*Sxb'WK")U1/N'Kb'
."gJ{NENe%
m%`K2&\NGG#NG)U1PJD
iN\>%9/:#`%`G9/:%CN'KPJN\

:/SqNGG"/SqbNG/N>/GSq'b$N
GG%~.N\:%+G/+KNGG":9%+G:/G KbN
G/N>%``/K'b$NGG%&"N'KPJ



DibtK<'b$N'KP$/N'K
USPJJr+>/+,N'KP$%
Bảng 1.5. Sản xuất ngô của tỉnh Hà Giang giai đoạn 2001 - 2012
Năm
Diện tích
(nghìn ha)
Năng suất
(tạ/ha)
Sản lượng
(nghìn tấn)
GG >%9/: :/ :%+G/+
GG >%9G`/ 6/` 9`%`+/G
GG >`%G6>/: 6/` 9+%+/G
GG> >%+`G/> G/> 96%>`>/
GG` >>%G>/ /G 6%:`/>
GG: >%:6/9 /G 6G%:96/:
GG+ >%99/> /9 66%96/G
GG9 >:%9/` >/ %`+/:
GG6 >:%+`9/` :/G %:9/`
GG >+%``6/> 9/+ :%>/9
G >6%9+/> G/ >9%6`/
G `%`G9/: / :9%+G:/G
Nguồn: Cục thống kê tỉnh Hà Giang, 2013 [3]
&ENe]Di/{.Ab

1 JjOe<0_bS.E
bcL0<)*0#XOX^c$b'WKy
'()*!$/X^c0%&"/'WK]Di
e. e<0_EyN)U15
W!b*/5"K{]b*Dl&/'(
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'‰ZPJ%
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1.2. Nghiên cứu về giống ngô lai trên thế giới và trong nước
1.2.1. Nghiên cứu ngô lai trên thế giới
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•696/•666/C8>GG/C8::/C8`>/d866G/d866``/d8666/%%%&
"bU"Mb000!.-MU
!/0-.<gS."M_X#

0'WK"N'KZPDiTK<'
b$[rN'KP !/NGS+>/+,%&$
Sb'WKSDir0<M"ea'
WKj#"MrZ<<e0
"M!JDi%
Chương 2
VẬT LIỆU, NỘI DUNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU
2.1. Vật liệu nghiên cứu
kcU"M-.<_bO)kU"M
Sb!!MC8:+%
w0-.<Z_bO.kU"MS
wGiống NK67 (đối chứng)2Z!\~5‘&0
•%•!/XNgSX0/X0UJ'obU
!0%.RCC’•&C&c1MbNGG9'
WK"<Sb$%&L']F]RoGw
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fX1o</X10TWZ_c)*MN
T7/SZj<eZo<:9w+`/)o<
9wG/>w:/'!Sq9w>GS/JUSqo<6G,7/O
.GGGSGGwG/Sb/ZY</.
!/[UM0OZ_b$c)
`+%GGGw+%GGGq/NN'KwKq%
2.2. Địa điểm nghiên cứu và phạm vi nghiên cứu
* Địa điểm nghiên cứu:
A.c<USg_UmRS/S)U
bQj0PJDi%
* Phạm vi nghiên cứu:

C"MXN']<0_P'!-.<
Z_bONGSDi%
2.3. Nội dung nghiên cứu
wC"MXN']/<0_bN'KP0-
.<1U
2.4. Quy trình kỹ thuật áp dụng trong thí nghiệm
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wAK1U2AKe\X^/'Sf)S/VKX
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w&$"2APV'! 0F']b
<0_jvb0LX|:w+0/Wop/-L/1'E%
w•T\'U2•T\'Ub'()*!ZOP
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- &S281SZb#5[+`,Z0
X7Oo0_S%
2.5. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
2.5.1. Nghiên cứu kh năng sinh trưng phát trin ca các ging ngô lai
thí nghiệm
.5.1.1. Phương pháp bố trí thí nghiệm
&1UU"P).!15
X_t"JƒRd7/b$eoS%dU1†
†eoS>
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`W/97/X0E†eoS
0!.5"#</5>q%
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Sơ đồ bố trí thí nghiệm
Di bo vệ
Di
bo
vệ
I    > ` : + 9 6 G  
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bo
vệ

II
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II
I
6   ` + > :    G 9
Di bo vệ
Ghi chú:
?/??/???20eoS
&2k~: &+2k~+9
&2k~: &92k~9:
&2k~+ &62k~99
&>2k~+ &G2k~96
&`2k~+> &2k~6G
&:2k~+: &2C8:+q7
2.5.1.2. Các chỉ tiêu và phương pháp nghiên cứu:
0J"5)p1U.#5$)tP
?33n&/kU"M/mkCGw`:yGqRCC•&C&%
a) Chọn cây theo dõi:
5)p.W0gXZ\:#+0%&5)pGq
]†eoS/5)p]MbMP†y†
`"#<\M`#M61\e%
&-'!5)pGq%
b) Chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng:
 - Ngày gieo2Coe5S%



- Ngày mọc2CZ"`G,'!Z0e"Xf[K
ˆ7%
- Ngày đưDc 3 lá2A.1\XZ–`G,'!{.0q%

- Ngày đưDc 7 lá2A.1\XZ–`G,'!{.+0q%
- Ngày trỗ cờ2A.1X—`G,'!q†LWKU0
!QPL7%
- Ngày phun râu2A.1\X—`G,'!q{<o<Z
)‘07%
- Ngày chín sinh lý2A.1X—+G,'!o<qZb#5]S%
c) Chỉ tiêu hình thái:
- Tốc độ tăng trưởng chiều cao cây
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//>/`Mb$L'G/>G/`G/:G%A\[K
#j0%
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−
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2'G%
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2'G%
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2&L'G%
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- Chiều cao đóng bắp (cm)2 A\!'0[K#!o<
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AbZo<'<we%
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1W00)K00M/:/GPq%
- Chỉ số diện tích lá (m
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