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Question 1: Translate these sentences from Vietnamese into
English
1. Tài nguyên thiên nhiên bao gồm: khoáng sản, năng lượng, đất,
nước, biển,…
 Natural resources include: minerals, energy, soil, water, sea,...
2. Tài nguyên thiên nhiên đang dần bị cạn kiệt
 Natural resources are being depleted.
3. Giá tài nguyên ngày càng tăng cao gần đây
 Resource prices have been rising recently.
4. Những vấn đề tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở những nước đang phát
triển bao gồm:
a. Quản lý việc khai thác tài nguyên không tái tạo được, ví dụ: dầu
và khống sản.
b. Quản lý tài nguyên rừng thương mại và bảo tồn đất rừng để sử
dụng.
c. Bảo tồn động vật hoang dã
d. Duy trì năng suất đất nông nghiệp
e. Phát triển và sử dụng tài nguyên nước hiệu quả và phù hợp
f. Duy trì hiệu quả tài nguyên biển.
 Natural resource issues in developing countries include:
a. Management of the extraction of non-renewable resources, for
example, oil and
minerals.
b. Management of commercial forest resources and conservation of
forest land for use.
c. Wildlife conservation
d. Maintaining agricultural land productivity
e. Develop and use water resources efficiently and appropriately
f. Effectively maintain marine resources
Question 2:
International Mining and Minerals Recovery Exhibition

A wide range of advanced global technologies and modern
equipment in the field of mining will be introduced
in
the
showcase. Apart
from
showcasing
products,
machinery,
equipment and technologies, Mining Vietnam 2019 will offer visitors
a chance to access advanced global mining technologies to improve
their operations, increase the value of their products and enhance
their competitiveness while seeking updated information about the
market, partners and development trends of the Vietnamese and
global mining industries through connection programmes to be held
by trade promotion organizations and relevant ministries and
sectors of Vietnam and some foreign organizations.
“Vietnam Mining Exhibition 2019 is an important forum for
industry
managers, business, domestic and foreign research
institutions exchanging information
investment opportunities,
updating trends modern production in order to further promote the
local industry effectively” said Hoang van Dung-Deputy Chairman of
Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In the framework of
the exhibition, there are two seminars exchanging knowledge and
new trends in the mining industry.
Question 4

Write an essay of at least 250 words with the following topic:
“Discuss the benefits of sustainable agriculture”.
Sustainable agriculture is the production of plant and animal
products, including food, in a way that uses farming techniques.
Sustainable agriculture allows us to produce and enjoy healthy foods
without compromising the ability of future generations to do the
same. So what are thebenefits of sustainable agriculture?A number
of the far-reaching benefits of sustainable agriculture for farms, the
environment, andcommunities align with the United Nations’ 2020
Sustainable Development Goals. For instance:
Firstly, Zero hunger. One major U.N. goal is to end world hunger
by 2030. Sustainable agriculture ensures farmers and ranchers put
resources to their best use, minimizing waste. The world can achieve
zero hunger by combining sustainable agriculture efforts with a
global coordination to distribute food more equitably.
Secondly, Clean water and sanitation. To provide clean water
and sanitation to communities around the world, pollution levels
must be drastically cut. Sustainable agriculture encourages
renewable energy sources whenever possible, along with pest


control measures that are safe for the planet. As more farms
embrace sustainable agriculture, these efforts can have a big impact
on pollution and the environment. While the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) reports that the agriculture industry accounts for
80% to 90% of all water usage in the U.S., sustainable agriculture
methods such as drip irrigation and dry farming help to curb water
usage.
Finally, Industries, innovation, and infrastructure. Sustainable
agriculture plays a big role inimplementing more energy-efficient

and resource-efficient infrastructure for the farming industry. By
prioritizing systems that lessen the negative impact on the
environment, sustainableagriculture professionals can come up
with . Some examples of sustainable agriculture innovations include
advanced zero-tillage, crop rotation, and cover crop techniques, as
well as the adoption of digital technologies for weather prediction
and crop disease prevention.In conclusion, The National Sustainable
Agriculture Coalition identifies three legs of sustainable agriculture:
environmental health, economic profitability, and social and
economic equity. These three parts of sustainable agriculture
integrate to create a healthier society and world.
Question 1: Translate these sentences from Vietnamese into
English
1. Tài nguyên thiên nhiên bao gồm: khoáng sản, năng lượng, đất,
nước, biển,…
 Natural resources include: minerals, energy, soil, water, sea,...
2. Phát triển kinh tế sử dụng tài nguyên thiên nhiên làm cạn kiệt tài
nguyên thiên nhiên.
 Economic development using natural resources depletes natural
resources.
3. Sự thay đổi lượng mưa, nhiệt độ cũng như bầu khí quyển sẽ ảnh
hưởng đến năng suất mùavụ.
 Changes in rainfall, temperature as well as atmosphere will affect
crop yields.
4. Có rất nhiều điểm giống và khác nhau về vấn đề tài nguyên thiên
nhiên giữa những nước đang phát triển và phát triển.
 There are many similarities and differences in the issue of natural
resources between developing and developing countries.

5. Ở những nước đang phát triển, tài nguyên thiên nhiên được sử
dụng để phát triển kinh tế.
 In developing countries, natural resources are used for economic
development.
6. Áp lực dân số là một lý do của những vấn đề tài nguyên thiên
nhiên
 Population pressures are one reason for natural resource
problems.
7. Theo thống kê, Mỹ là nhà tiêu thụ hải sản lớn nhất thứ 3 trên thế
giới.
 According to statistics, the US is the third largest consumer of
seafood in the world.
8. Quản lý tài nguyên biển là nhiệm vụ của các quốc gia để duy trì
và đảm bảo tính bền vững của nguồn tài nguyên có thể tái tạo này.
 Marine resource management is the task of states to maintain
and ensure the sustainability of this renewable resource.
9. Việt Nam đang mất đi thị trường Mỹ bởi vì chất lượng sản phẩm
nơng nghiệp thấp.  Vietnam is losing the U.S. market because of
the low quality of agricultural products.
10. Hầu hết nguồn nước mặt ở Việt nam bắt nguồn từ nước ngoài
 Most of the surface water in Vietnam originates from abroad.
Question 3:
Policies for the sustainable development of mining industry
Mining and mineral processing in Vietnam have contributed
greatly to the economy and societyof the country but also
posed difficult problems in environmental protection. In
order to solvethese problems, it needs to be synchronized
association of many social organizations, of whichthe most
important is the need for orientation policies of the State.
Firstly, the State should focus on strengthening science and

technology of intensive processing toensure creation of value added
for products of mining and mineral processing, catering mainly
fordomestic production. If development is based on resources and
we expect too much on the existingmineral resources, Vietnam may


fall into the "trap" and "resource curse" that many resourcerichcountries in the world have made.
Therefore, it is required to complete the resource tax policy, (1)
amending the regulations of taxbase for mineral resources in the
direction of replacing the base of mining volume by the volume
ofexploitable reserves; (2) appropriate resource tax exemption for
the additional mining volume morethan regulated: (i) in case, by
discovering new reserves, the applicable tax rate is as normal (ii)
incase, the company tries to exploit more, the applicable exemption
is under the marginal cost. TheState will compensate by tax
exemptions, including subsidies for the marginal cost increase
(whenmining the increased reserves) compared with mining cost of
the reserves in accordance with theapproved balance in the
investment project.
Regarding to the mining and mineral processing, the reality of
mining and mineral processing inrecent years is still inadequate,
limited. Many technologies are put to use (copper, ilmenite)
isobsolete technology, not suitable for extracted mineral that leads
to waste of resources, low level ofrecovery, no recovery of the useful
accompanied components and negative impacts on theecological
environment and social life of the people in mining areas. To solve
this problem, thegovernment should adopt policies to increase
investment in intensive processing. There must bespecified
intensive processing technologies for each particular type of mineral
(especially for rareminerals) to force industries and production

facilities in the country to produce raw mineral mosteconomically
and efficiently. It is time to have regulations on prohibiting the
export of crude andrefined ore as current.
Regarding to the management of environmental and social issues in
mining, many mineral planning(such as planning of exploration,
exploitation
and
processing
of
bauxite, titanium,
chromium,manganese...)
has not
prepared
strategic
environmental
assessment (SEA). In specific
miningprojects,
most of them have made environmental impact assessment (EIA) as
prescribed but thequality is very low. Many records on
environmental impact assessment are mainly for dealing with
regulations.
There should be specific provisions relating to environmental
protection such as: (i) Responsibilityfor the parties; (ii) The order and
procedures for formulation and implementation of SEA, EIA;


(iii)environmental observation and monitoring; (iv) collecting fees
and using environmental protectionfees, environmental fees must
comply with the Law on Environmental Protection; (v) Deposits and
funds used for environmental rehabilitation; (vi) Provisions on

compensation, handling violation ofenvironmental incidents and
environmental regulations...
It must ensure to charge and use environmental protection
fees
associated
with
effectiveenvironmental protection. It is
agreed to deposit in local environmental protection fund in
placeswith mineral extraction to facilitate local management,
supervision and necessary use of funds ifcompanies do not perform
environmental restoration. The implementation of institutions,
urgentdevelopment of missing mineral strategies and plans ensure
high quality, performing the orientationfunctions and the basis for
developing policy.
Early completion of legal documents relating to mineral resources
takes into account thesynchronous and uniform system of resource
and environment management (environment of land,minerals,
water...) on decentralization of management, licensing to reform
administrativeprocedures.
In mineral license management, there should be priorities for units
capable of mining, advancedtechnology and intensive processing..
The State should have preferential policies for project withefficient
use
of minerals
associated with environmental
protection,
contributing high value tosociety.
Do the following statements agree with the information
given in the reading passage?
True

If the statement agrees with the information

False

If the statement contradicts the information

1. Science and technology add more values to mining products and
mineral processing. (T)
2. Vietnam’s economic development utilizes too much mineral
resources, it may increase thecountry’s prosperity. (T)
3. Resource tax policy regulated the applicable exemption when
mining companies discovernew reserves. (F)
4.To produce raw mineral most efficiently, the government’s
polices should encourageinvestments in intensive processing. (T)


5. Establishing an environmental fund helps local authorities
manage and supervise theenvironmental performance of mining
companies. (T)
6. The State should license mineral extraction rights for mining
projects that have effective useboth economic and environmental
perspectives. (T)
Question 4:
Write an essay of at least 250 words with the following
topic: “Identify major problemsencountered in managing the
world’s biodiversity”.
Biodiversity is essential for economic, social, and environmental
development because itensures
food

security,
preserves
genetic
resources
for
farms
and
plants,
and
providesconstruction materials and other resources. Nowadays,
however, the world’s biodiversitymanagement is facing with loads of
problems and challenges.
First of all, awareness of people is still insufficient and
comprehensive; it is biased towardsshort-term economic benefits,
and sustainable development is ignored. Many people arewilling to
break the law in order to maximize their profit from biodiversity
resources.
Another factor to consider is the impact of climate change, which
puts pressure on not onlyecosystems and species but also human
life. Human health and biodiversity conservation areboth at risk as a
result of climate change. Increased numbers of extreme climate
events, suchas heat waves, droughts, and flooding, pose a direct
and indirect threat to human health andwell-being by decreasing
ecosystem
functioning
and
reducing ecosystem
services.Furthermore, the prevalence of noncommunicable illnesses
is increasing, resulting in illhealth and increasing health-care
expenses.

Lastly,
inconsequential
government
policies
also
cause
negative impact on managingbiodiversity. In most developing
countries, governance is poor in terms of human capabilityon one
hand and lack of transparency and accountability on the other. For
example, inVietnam, state administration has a disjointed and
disconnected organizational structure, alack of focus in the
functions
and
authority
of
biodiversity
management,


biodiversityconservation policy and law are complicated and difficult
to implement.
In conclusion, to solve problems in managing biodiversity,
management agencies in countriesall over the world have to adopt
clear and realistic rules and strategies in order to properlymanage
biodiversity.

Question 2
Prime Minister has signed the approval of a Decision regulating
functions and responsibilities andpower of National Water Resources
Council (NWRC). The membership of the NWRC includes aDeputy

Prime Minister as the Chairman of the NWRC and Minister of Natural
Resources andEnvironment as Vice Chairman of the Council. The
NWRC’s function is to advise Prime Ministeron research, leadership
and coordination of important issues in water resources field.
The Council is responsible to organize discussion among specialists
and scientists or participate inresearch, recommend the Government
on planning, policies, strategies, target programs, nationalaction
programs on sustainable protection, exploitation, use of water
resources; prevention againstand control of water resources
deterioration and pollution. In addition, the Council advises
PrimeMinister on leadership, regulation and coordination among
Ministries, agencies and localities onresolving issues relating to
water resources planning; inter-ministerial planning of water
resourceexploitation
and
use; water transportation between
provinces; monitoring of national waterresources use and
resolution
of
consequent
conflicts;
important
programs,
projects of waterresources protection, exploitation and use and
other tasks assigned by Prime Minister.
The Council also assists Prime Minister to urge Ministries, agencies
and localities to Implementimportant issues relating to protection,
exploitation, use of water resources, prevention against andcontrol
of w water resources deterioration and pollution. The Office of NWRC
is the official bodywithin the Council and located in Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment.
Question 4
Write an essay of at least 250 words with the following topic: “Major
problems encountered inmanaging forest resources in Vietnam”.


Write an essay of at least 250 words with the following topic: “Major
problems
encountered
inmanaging
forest
resources
in
Vietnam”.Never before has the preservation of nature been more
urgent or necessary than now. The protectionof nature, including
forest protection, is a topic that requires attention in newspapers,
television, andradio. Forest management and protection are
mentioned as important issues in high school programs. Although
the implementation and application of forest protection and
development policies have yielded certain results, experts say that
previous forestry investment policies have revealed flaws and
limitations.
To begin with, some localities' implementation of mechanisms and
policies remains slow, with no breakthrough; investment in forestry
technical infrastructure, forest protection, and development hasnot
received adequate attention; and control over forest use for purpose
change in some places is lax, failing to comply with legal
requirements.
Secondly, ethnic minorities cannot yet rely on the forest to provide a
stable source of income. As a result, forest protection and

development, as well as the payment of associated costs, have been
ineffective. Furthermore, despite the existence of a policy on land
and forest allocation with guidance on financial resources, payment
norms for zoning, protection, and payment for forest environmental
services, the payment level remains low, resulting in a lack of
motivation for people to actively and voluntarily protect and develop
forests.
Next, the direction and implementation of regulations on
afforestation of replacement forests are notstrict, and projects that
do not comply with afforestation and the obligation to pay for forest
environment services are not resolutely revoked or stopped
operating.
Finally, regulations on forest exploitation have not created
conditions to promote forest owners' autonomy in production and
business; mechanisms and policies to benefit from forests are still
insufficient due to an over-reliance on prescribed technical standards
on management.
From my perspective, we are facing enormous challenges in
managing and protecting forest resources. As previously stated, we
must change so much about how we make laws and rules, how we
industrialize, how much power and jurisdiction our government


should give to large corporations and companies, and, most
importantly, how our people perceive the importance of preserving
and protecting forest resources.