TIỂU LUẬN NGÔN NGỮ XÃ HỘI HỌC

HUE UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF OPEN EDUCATION
AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROJECT

Lecturer:

Trần Thuần

Student’s name:
Anh

Lê Trung

Student’s code:

7052900522

Class:

Nghệ An 6

Nghe An, July 2023

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Topic 10: How do you address each other in your culture? Does the form

of address depend in any way on factors (variables) such as that person’s
gender, age, ethnicity, dress, perceived role, physical well-being, or behavior?
Compare the addressing patterns of people in your culture with English people
or with the people you are familiar with.
Words in Vietnamese are rich and complex. The communication will
become good if we comply with the requirements of communication standards
such as politeness, politeness, decency, the right role to communicate, the right
situation and follow the judgments and regulations of society and stereotypes in
Vietnamese culture.
The number of Vietnamese pronouncements compared to English, French,
Chinese ... The fruit is rich and delicate, much more complex. But how to use it
to show that people have a culture of communication is not easy. The culture of
communication is expressed in the use of polite pronunciation, the right
communicative role, politeness, decency, tact, humility, the right speaking
situation, the right close-sister relationship between the speaker and the
interlocutor. The wording depends on the communicative shoulder and the
context of communication. One person can play many roles in different
situations.
To address politeness is first and foremost to be polite. Addressing politely
shows respect for people of advanced age, people of great standing, people of
prestige in the relationship with the speaker... like seniors, parents, heads ...
Addressing politeness in moderation will create politeness and respect in
communication.
Polite addressing is also manifested in decency, which is a standard way of
addressing, following the conventions or regulations of society and is
stereotypical in Vietnamese. For example, a high school teacher who calls herself
a teacher calls her pupils brothers; mothers call themselves mothers and call
their children children; father's younger siblings are called uncles; mother's
younger siblings are called uncles and form pairs that address uncles –
grandchildren, uncles – nephews even though he and uncle are younger than

me, etc. Husband and wife are equalists, but addressing your husband as a
friend, you - me, me - you - me - you or wife addressing your husband as a
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sister and addressing him by you (even though the wife is older) is generally
considered inappropriate (violating the norms of address). Proper addressing is a
way of addressing to create friendship, shorten the distance between speakers
and listeners. Between two people who are not acquaintances, they must address
according to the standards of politeness, if there is an opportunity to change to
the standard of address, they can be converted to the kind of acquaintance and
closeness that was not possible at first. Proper address in communication creates
politeness and friendliness.
The motto in polite pronunciation is always towards "professing humility".
Addressing humility is the beauty of our Vietnamese communication culture.
Unmodest pronunciation is easily judged as lack of civility, losing sympathy on
the part of the interlocutor. However, paying too much attention to humility also
has a negative effect on effectiveness in social interactions. Therefore, humility
also needs to be moderated to achieve the desired effect in the interaction.
Here, we will take a look at some communication relationships, from which
to discuss the norms of pronouns in different communication situations,
interpersonal relationships.
1. Addressing teachers – students
Addressing in schools reflects the obligation of responsibility between
teachers and students, must show social status, respect associated with the word
Ceremony and must show affection.
At the preschool level, Vietnamese education has the only way of
addressing, not different between the two North and South, that is she and her
children. This way of addressing comes from another responsibility in addition to
the teacher's teaching responsibility, which is the mother's responsibility.

Kindergarten teachers come to school, in addition to teaching children general
knowledge, they also have to take care of them such as eating, drinking, bathing,
washing... and monitor their health status to keep parents informed. The teacher
is the responsibility of the mother and grandmother of the children, so the teacher
must consider the children as her own children and grandchildren. That great
affection comes from responsibility, from work, so the way you address her –
you also arise from that.
Teachers and students in Vietnamese schools address themselves according
to the principle of professing humility, calling themselves humble, while calling
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the object of communication is reverent and especially associated with the word
CEREMONY. Reverence has been shown through addressing teachers and
students. It shows the subject's understanding of national culture and
communication culture that our forefathers have worked hard to cultivate and
build for thousands of years. Addressing teachers and children is the most
common way of addressing Vietnamese schools from primary to secondary level.
This way of addressing expresses the relationship between the previous
generation, who are responsible for guiding, teaching, teaching, training... with
the next generation. Therefore, the Vietnamese language has the phrases "dear
juniors, the next generation, the generation of students ...". Using the pair of
personal pronouns of teacher (teacher) - you, the teacher has shown his
responsible role of transmitting knowledge, educating and forming personality
for students.
Teachers addressing me – friends, brothers and sisters; or teachers (if they
are teachers), addressing me to teachers (if they are monks and nuns at Buddhist
Academy) is a common way of addressing myself in professional schools. The
reason for this way of addressing is that in the minds of teachers at professional
schools, students (full-time students, in-service students, graduate students,

doctoral students) are future generations of colleagues, the successor team,
following them on the career path they are taking. An important reason is that the
age difference between teachers and students in professional schools is very
wide, there are deviations like father and son, deviations like brothers and sisters
and brothers, there are many cases where teachers and students are the same age
or teachers are a few years younger than students. Another thing, students at the
university are the subject of research, so the use of pronouns you or brothers and
sisters will make teachers and students closer, promote the initiative of learners,
easily access to science, that way of calling also shows respect for students,
According to the motto of Humility, one of the norms of the culture of
communication. Even if learners are old, they cannot call the teacher brother or
grandchild like meeting in real life. Because, Vietnamese education is always
associated with the word ceremony, the word ceremony in each person expresses
the awareness of his or her position with the position of the other person. They
must know how to change communication roles in different communication
situations. There are in-service students who think they have a position who are
old enough to call their teachers but call me. That way of addressing also
sounds offensive. However, if a male student in office has a wife and children
but confesses his child to a teacher who is only ten years older than him, it also
makes the teacher embarrassed. Claiming to be suitable only for kindergarten
and elementary school students. There are cases where an in-service student is
much younger than the teacher but proclaims his first name when talking to the
teacher, for example, he (named Lan) said: "Let Lan take this day off!"(while he is
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not a celebrity or an undercharacter), according to traditional norms, such an
address should not be.
Currently, there are some teachers who use the word "tao-you" or "mr.-me"to
learners. This way of addressing also violates the norm. Because, addressing me

– you can show friendliness, closeness, openness but lack formality and
politeness, an expression in the cultural beauty of Vietnamese people. Should I
address you when interacting with students? This pair of pronouns is only used
for peers or in close, respectful friends. The cultural characteristic of Vietnamese
people is the expression of humility and religion, the use of this pronoun does not
express that characteristic, both makes the other person forget about his or her
position, and creates unserious thoughts of those around about the relationship
between teachers and learners (such as the problem of lack of fairness in
teaching). He and I in a friendship show close, intimate affection, but using
these pronouns in a teacher-student relationship will show the nuances of the
teacher in front of the student.
There are some who argue that students should be encouraged to confess
themselves to the faculty. There was even a university that held a seminar to
encourage this way of addressing. They think that students who profess me will
help free up their competence, confidence and take the initiative in
communication. Such thinking is not very convincing because in reality, many
students do not need to use this way of addressing but still confidently assert
themselves. Confidence must be shown in our bravery, understanding,
knowledge that we want to argue and do in front of everyone. It's not just that
I'm a teacher and a student is going to be an adult. The problem of Vietnamese
education is not about addressing. Looking broadly at Asian countries such as
Thailand, China, Japan, their students bow to the teacher with great respect but
they are still more developed than our country. When giving a scientific lecture
or conference, students confess that I am right. When communicating directly
with teachers with teacher-student relations, they must address the standards as
before. Otherwise, many people mistakenly think that it is not an educational
environment but an office. Vietnam has a tradition of "respecting the religion"
and the way students call them
expresses that tradition. Vietnamese is very
rich, should not be westernized but lose its precious tradition.

Some people say that they do not answer the student's address but are still
"shocked" when they receive an e-mail with a greeting such as: "Hi, Ms. Van" or
when sending an e-mail to exchange papers with this student and receive a very
short and very western answer of "OK". It can hardly be called cultured when
students who are inferior to teachers in both age and education say "yes" or "OK"
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like that.
Addressing in teacher-student relations in Vietnamese is unique and rarely
available in any language. In the old days, you - me, today you - me. Addressing
me to you, even though your age gap is similar to your grandfather's, is not
disrespectful, but also respectful, loving, and close. There was a woman who
took her child to school, and when she met her child's teacher, the mother said,
"Sir, do you remember me?" and the 12th grader also said, "Well, you teach my
mother too." The mother and daughter share the same type of address typical of
the pedagogical environment, to see how unique our Vietnamese is.
2. Addressing husband and wife
In English only I, you and me are used to refer to strangers, acquaintances,
family, spouses, children. But in Vietnamese, the distinction between husband
and wife is extremely rich. It shows emotional culture, harmony in married life
and emotional nuances such as love, anger, conflict, discord ...
The words "husband and wife" also reflect many aspects of communication
life in the family: age, personality, era, locality, regional difference, urban with
rural, young spouses with elderly spouses ... All create a vivid and flexible
picture typical for Vietnamese families
Husband and wife without children can call each other brother, brother,
me, even someone. Wife calls her husband back to eat: Who, come back to eat.
The husband asked: "Whose rice cooks, the wife answers: who cooks and no one."
When conflicts, discords, quarrels, the way of addressing between husband

and wife is no longer as sweet as before, the wording of address between
husband and wife has changed: I tell you clearly; I tell your mother; This guy
would; Your grandfather is no less than your mother; This will tell your mother
your hand; etc... or: I tell you clearly; I tell your father; This is no worse than
your father; Nor did your grandmother give in; If you're good, go get another
one for him...
These non-standard addresses inevitably lead to loss and breakdown. In real
life, there are things like this: There was a customer whose car broke down and
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stopped at a car repair shop to fix it. The owner called into the house: "Jackfruit,
what have you done to die in there for so long?"The visitor thought he was telling
his children, who expected to run out was his wife—a woman of the thin or
beady type. In the woman's absence, the visitor commented: You shouldn't call
your wife that. He said, "I'm used to it, and he's fifteen years younger than me,
not the same age as my youngest child. Some time later, the visitor returned to
find him repairing the car alone without seeing his wife. It turns out that his wife
left him to follow a Western man. The visitor thought to herself that maybe this
woman couldn't stand this husband's way of addressing him any longer, so he
craved the man's sweet sister. There was also the story of the sister-in-law
arguing with her husband, hearing him say for the first time — I, to my surprise,
fainted, and he had a howl. There's also the joke in a divorce court where the
judge asks, "Why did you hit her?"to which the husband replied: Because she
was not my wife then, she addressed me as ... Mrs.
Many overseas Vietnamese families revealed that when they have a small
quarrel, they use Vietnamese, but when there is a big conflict, they switch to
English. Perhaps their purpose is to avoid words that disastrously affect married
life. Some people think that it doesn't matter how they are addressed as long as
they live together kindly, are faithful, and are responsible for their families. It's

actually a misconception. Because the emotional arcs are very evident in the
words. A guy, no matter how grossly grumpy, will certainly not use the
following sentence to confess: I love you, do you love me? (if it's not friends
kidding). Indecent addressing indicates a lack of culture in the family, which
adversely affects the personality of children.
American psychologist Dale Carnegie once advised: "To build a happy
family, husband and wife must respect each other as guests." Impolite words in
the way of addressing will make love fade. Addressing husband and wife has a
special role to play in preserving happiness. Pronouncing can also relieve
conflicts and can also distance the relationship, especially at the time when "rice
is not good, soup is not sweet". At those times , a husband's brother to his wife
or a wife's brother to his husband will help "soften my heart", the distance will
be removed.
Vietnamese people have countless ways of addressing between husband and
wife, rarely in the world there are so many rich and diverse ways of addressing
between husband and wife. We need to be proud and uphold beautiful ways of
addressing, while also condemning uncultured, impolite and rude ways of
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addressing family behavior.
3. Address at work, reception agencies, hospitals ...
If before the language of Vietnamese civil servants was only around a few
words from heads, cadres and comrades, now with the development of society
and the exchange of languages, it can be said that the world of office language is
richer than ever. Many language streams penetrate the office world, bringing
with them both pros and cons, creating a colorful world of communication.
Family language also reigns in the workplace. Although this way of
addressing creates a friendly and warm communication environment, recently
some Vietnamese companies abuse family language, addressing in the wrong

place at the right time, losing the beauty in the workplace. Professional
companies and foreign companies are very repulsive to this type of kinship
communication.
In addition to the above ways of addressing, they also call each other by
nicknames. This way of calling can make colleague relations become close, the
conversation becomes fun and open, but using them too carefreely, especially
with too strange nicknames will make the listener offensive and make the other
person lose some sympathy for themselves in communication. Employees should
avoid losing confidence and face to their colleagues if they use nick names.
There is an opinion that in the office should be addressed by title for people
with positions, addressed by name with people of the same age. It should not be
addressed in a family style. For older people, use the pronoun he/she and address
me. However, there is also an opinion: I should only show it in writing, papers or
when representing an organization, or meeting or speaking in front of a large
number of people of various ages. The social culture in the workplace should still
follow traditions such as respecting age, seniority, and position, but have a way
of addressing politeness and politeness. People of the new age must know clearly
when it is time to assert the ego, what is the time to know the glass above and
below. An easy-to-hear way of addressing is the right way of addressing (the
right situation, the right audience, the right position and respect for the listener).
Addressing must be "arbitrary" to ensure culture and correctness in
communicating in Vietnamese style.
Besides addressing at work, addressing places of reception, business
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transactions or hospitals ... It is also necessary to thoroughly adhere to the
principle of the culture of communication as politeness, politeness, decency,
seriousness. The cases cited below violate the norms of communication culture.
In short, words in Vietnamese are rich and complex. Communication will

become good if we comply with the requirements of communication standards
such as politeness, politeness, decency, the right role of communication, the right
situation and according to the judgments and regulations of society and
stereotypes in human culture

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