LUẬN VĂN VIỄN THÔNG THỰC HIỆN TÍNH TOÁN VÀ MÔ PHỎNG MỘT SỐ QUÁ TRÌNH XỬ LÝ TÍN HIỆU SỐ BẰNG MATLAB

0ÂFOÂF




7UwĂQJx}LKFKyQJKzLYLWQDP
.KRDxLQxLQWơWyXELQ
%PmQpLQWÔYLQWKmQJ





/XQYjQWWQJKLS




7lQpWqL


7KFKLáQWQKWRQYPSKQJPậWVấTXWUạQK[ỉOòWQ
KLáXVấEQJPDWODE

6LQKYLzQWKẳFKLQ
%áL/.LQ

/Sw79w+
*9K}QJGQ
7K6/4XF9ãQJ




/Ă,&z0vQ

7URQJ TX WUQK WKẳF KLQ WS OXQ YxQ 7KF KLQ WQK WRzQ Yw Ps
SKQJPWVTXzWUQK[êOWQKLXVE|QJ0$7/$%HP~QKQ~}F
UWQKLXNLQ~ĐQJJĐSJLảS~YK}QJGQUWFKyQWQKWáWK\F{JLD
~QKFFDQKFKÊNKĐDWU}FYEQE~FELWOQKQJWK\F{NKRDwLQ
wLQWạWXELQFDWU}đQJ&ãWKO
WK{\
/r4XF9uÊQJ&KÂQKWK\~
WRPăL~LXNLQQKPWRWKXQOLFKRHPKLXUƯK|QằQJGãQJFDSKQ
PP0DWODEWURQJTXWUQK[ạOWÂQKLXVơ

(P[LQFKyQWKQKE\WƠOÔQJELW|QVyXVF~QWWFWK\F{JLD~QK
DQKFKÊYEQE&KÂQKQKđVẳWQWyPYQKLWWKQKFDPăLQJ}đLPHP~KRQ
WKQKOXQYxQQ\
(PFàQJ[LQWKQKWKWELW|QFFWK\F{WURQJWU}đQJ~G\GôHPWURQJ
VXơWNKĐDKăFYáDTXD~HPFĐ~}FNLQWKằFWKẳFKLQOXQYxQQ\
(P[LQ&KyQWKQKFP|Q
+LSKÔQJ

7KQJ
6LQKYLzQWKẳFKLQ
%LOzNLzQ






0Âq8

&FQKNKRDKăFFFNV}YFFNWKXWYLzQOX{QTXDQWyP~QYLF
SKWWULQYQyQJFDRNKQxQJWÂQKWRQY[ạOWUzQP\WÂQKQKQJYQ~FKX\zQ
P{QUW~DGQJFDKă1K}QJ~YLW~}FPWFK}|QJWUQKEQJQJ{QQJOSWUQK
FSFDRQKPJLLTX\WQKQJYQ~QK}Y\WK}đQJWơQQKLXF{QJVằFYWKđLJLDQ
QKWOEzQFQKQKQJNLQWKằFVyXVFFDFKX\zQQJKQKNKRDKăFNWKXWQJ}đL
OSWUQKFÔQSKLKLXELWW}đQJWQYKWKơQJP\WÂQKYE P{QWRQKăFY
QKQJNQxQJFDOSWUQKw{LNKL~LX~ĐOQDQJLL~ơLYLFFQKFKX\zQP{QN
WKXW
wWR~LXNLQằQJGãQJQKDQKFKĐQJYKLXTXFKRFFQKFKX\zQP{Q
QJRLQJKQKWLQKăFFFFKX\zQJLDSKWWULQSKQPP~WKLWOSQKQJF{QJFã
WUJLảSQKQJPãF~ÂFKVạGãQJ~DGQJWUzQQKLXOĂQKYẳFFKX\zQP{QNKFQKDX
0$7/$%FàQJFKÂQKOSKQPPQK}Y\
7URQJTXWUQKWKẳFKLQOXQYxQ~}FVẳJLFDWK\K}QJGQHP~FKăQ
~WLj
7KĐFKLQWQKWRtQYqPmSKQJPWVTXtWUQK[ÔOô

WQKLXVEvQJ
0DWODE
'RNLQWKằFFÔQKQFKYWKđLJLDQ~KRQWKQKOXQYxQFĐJLLKQQzQ
FKFUQJOXQYxQQ\FÔQQKLXWKLXVĐWHPUWPRQJ~}FVẳJĐSWKQJWKQFD
WK\F{YEQE
0DWODEFĐWKOP~}FQKQJJKRW~QJUDVDRDLFĐWKVạGãQJPDWODE6DX~y\
HPVWUQKE\WURQJOXQYxQFDPQK

0ÂFOÂF


$

3K{Q
7êQJTXDQYNWKXW[ạOWÂQKLXVơ

,

&F~ÊQKQJKĂD


.KLQLPFKXQJYWÂQKLX


3KyQORLWÂQKLX

%LXGLQWÂQKLXUđLUF
,,

&FKWKơQJ[ạOWÂQKLX


+WKơQJWX\QWÂQK


+WKơQJWX\QWÂQKEWELQ
,,,

wLXFKVơ


wLXFK$6.


wLXFK36.


.WKXW3$0


&FEOăFFĐ~SằQJ[XQJFKLXGLKXKQ


&FEOăFFĐ~SằQJ[XQJFKLXGLY{KQ

%

3K{Q
*LLWKLXFKXQJY0$7/$%

,

7PKLXYF{QJW\0$7+:25.
,,

&|V0$7/$%


*LLWKLXFKXQJY0$7/$%


&FSKÂPFKằFQxQJYFFOQKFKX\zQGQJFKRKWKơQJ


&FELQWURQJ0$7/$%


&FOQKWK{QJGãQJWURQJ~âKR0$7/$%


&FGQJ),/(VạGãQJWURQJ0$7/$%

&

3K{Q
0{SKƠQJPWVơTXWUQK[ạOWÂQKLXVơEQJ0$7/$%

,

7êQJTXDQ
,,

&{QJVXWSKêFDWÂQKLX3$0Vơ
,,,

wFWÂQKFDNzQKJLLKQYNzQKPR
,9

+WKơQJWK{QJWLQWKLWNFKRNzQKJLLKQExQJ


7KLWNWÂQKLXNK{QJFĐ,6,


7KLWNWÂQKLX~LXNKLQ,6,
9

&yQEQJWX\QWÂQK
9,

wLXELzQVĐQJPDQJ
9,,

wLXSKDVĐQJPDQJ

3K{Q,

WQJTXDQYNWKXW[ơO
WQKLXV


,

&zFvQKQJKD




.KzLQLPFKXQJYWQKLX
7ÂQKLXOELXGLQYWOFDWK{QJWLQ
9PWWRQKăFWÂQKLX~}FELXGLQELKPFDPWKRFQKLXELQVơ
~FOS7K{QJWK}đQJWDFKNKRVWWÂQKFKWYWOFDKWKơQJWKHRELQVơ~FOS
OWKđLJLDQ'R~ĐWDFKFĐWKFRLWÂQKLXOKP~|QWUÊELQWKLzQWKHRWKđLJLDQ[W
*LWUÊFDKP[WWLPôLWKđL~LPOJLWUÊWằFWKđLFDWÂQKLX

3KqQOR{LWQKLX

7DFKLDWÂQKLXUDOPKDLQKĐPOQ7ÂQKLXOLzQWãFYWÂQKLXUđLUF

D

7QKLXOLlQWÂF
1XELQ~FOSFDVẳELXGLQWRQKăFFDWÂQKLXOOLzQWãFWKWÂQKLX
~Đ~}FJăLOWÂQKLXOLzQWãF
1XGẳDYRKPVơWDFĐWKSKyQORLWÂQKLXOLzQWãFUDOPKDLORL


7ÂQKLXW}|QJWẳ


7ÂQKLXO}QJWạKR
7QKLXWutQJW
1XKPFDWÂQKLXOLzQWãFOOLzQWãFWKWÂQKLX~Đ~}FJăLO
WÂQKLXW}|QJWẳ
7QKLXOuÊQJWêKRz
1XKPFDWÂQKLXOLzQWãFOUđLUFWKWÂQKLX~Đ~}F
JăLOWÂQKLXO}QJWạKR

E

7QKLXULUuF
+
QK
[W
W


1XWÂQKLX~}FELXGLQELKPFDFFELQUđLUFWKWÂQKLX~Đ~}F
JăLOWÂQKLXU|UF5đLUF~y\~}FKLXOUđLUFWKHRELQVơ
1XGẳDYRELzQ~WDFĐWKSKyQORLWÂQKLXUđLUFOPKDLORL
ắ

7ÂQKLXO\PX
ắ

7ÂQKLXVơ
7QKLXO\PX
1XKPFDWÂQKLXUđLUFOOLzQWãFNK{QJ~}FO}QJWạ
KRWKWÂQKLX~Đ~}FJăLOWÂQKLXO\PX
7QKLXV
1XKPFDWÂQKLXUđLUFOUđLUFWKWÂQKLX~Đ~}FJăLOWÂQ
KLXVơ

1K}Y\WÂQKLXVơOPWESKQQPWURQJWÂQKLXUđLUFYYY\WRQ
EOWKX\WYNWKXW[ạOWÂQKLXUđLUFFàQJEDRKPY~ảQJFKRFWÂQKLXVơ



%LXGLQWQKLXULU{F
D

%LXGLQWRtQKF
0WWÂQKLXUđLUF~}FELXGLQELPWG\FFJLWUÊWKẳFKRFSKằF


1XQĐ~}FKQKWKQKELFFJLWUÊWKẳFWKQĐ~}FJăLOWÂQKLXWKẳF

1XQĐ~}FKQKWKQKELFFJLWUÊSKằFWKQĐ~}FJăLOWÂQKLXSKằF
.ÂKLXWÂQKLXUđLUFO[Q7V
Q7VOELQ~FOS
QOVơQJX\zQ
7VOFKXNẵO\PX
'RTXWUQKO\PXWK}đQJOO\PX~XQzQWDFĐWKFKXQKR7V QzQWÂQKLX
UđLUFO[Q
1K}Y\ELXGLQWRQKăFWÂQKLXUđLUF[QFãWKQK}VDX

%LXWKằFWRQ1

Q

1
[Q
QFÔQO

L
[W
W
7ÂQKLXW}|QJWẳ
[W
W
7ÂQKLXO}QJWạKR
[Q7V
[Q7V
7ÂQKLXO\PX 7ÂQKLXVơ
Q7V Q7V
+QK

E

%LXGLQpWK

wWLQPLQKKRPWFFKWUẳFTXDQWURQJQKLXWU}đQJKSWDGQJELX
GLQ~âWKÊ

9Gă






F

%LXGLQEvQJGs\V
&FKELXGLQQ\OLWNzFFJLWUÊFD[QWKQKPWG\VơQK}VDX
[Q ^[Q[Q[Q`
9WÂQKLXUđLUFWKẳFFKWOFFG\VơQK}FFKELXGLQQ\QzQWD
WK}đQJJăLWÂQKLXUđLUFOG\[Q

,,

&zFKWKQJ[êOWQKLX
0WK[ạOWÂQKLXV[FOSPơLTXDQKQKyQTXJLDWÂQKLXYRY

WÂQKLXUD7DFĐWKELXGLQK[ạOEQJP{KQKWRQKăFWK{QJTXDPWSKS
ELQ~êLKRFPWWRQWạ7QR~Đ
7ÂQKLXYR[Q~}FJăLOWF~QJKD\NÂFKWKÂFK
7ÂQKLXUD\Q~}FJăLO~SằQJFDK[ạO
7DFĐWKP{WTXDQKQK}VDX
\Q 7>[Q@KRF
)
(
)
(
nynx
T
=





9LFSKyQORLFFKWKơQJ[ạOWÂQKLXUđLUF~}FWKẳFKLQWK{QJTXD
FF~LXNLQUQJEXF~ơLYLSKSELQ~êL7
&FKWKơQJ[ạOWÂQKLXVơEDRJâP
9

+WKơQJSKLWX\Q
9

+WK{QJWX\QWÂQK


+WKơQJWX\QWÂQKWKD\~êLWKHRWKđLJLDQ

+WKơQJWX\QWÂQKEWELQ
'RWÂQKNKWKLFDKWKơQJWX\QWÂQKEWELQFYOWKX\WOQWKẳFKQK
QzQWDFKQJKLzQFằXFFKWKơQJWX\QWÂQKEWELQFÔQFFKWKơQJSKLWX\QYK
WKơQJWX\QWÂQKWKD\~êLWKHRWKđLJLDQVNK{QJ~FSWLGRWÂQKSKằFWSFDFKảQJ



+WKQJWX\QWQK
0WKWKơQJ~}FJăLOKWKơQJWX\QWÂQKQXQĐWKRPQQJX\zQO[S
FKâQJJLVạJ
WYJ WO~SằQJFDKW}|QJằQJYLWF~QJ~XYROI WY
I
WWKKOWX\QWÂQKNKLYFKNKLQĐWKRPQ
7ÂQKWOKWKơQJWX\QWÂQK/YL~XYRIW~XUDJWWK
7
[Q
7F~QJ
~SằQJ
\Q
%LXGLQ[Q


QYL

Q


YLQFÔQOL

() () ()
t
gatfLatfaL
==

7ÂQKWêKS
() () () ()
t
gtgtftfL
2121
+=+




+WKQJWX\QWQKEWELQ
0WK/~}FJăLOWX\QWÂQKEWELQWKHRWKđLJLDQWLPHOLQHDULQYDULDQW
V\VWHPQXQK}~SằQJFDK~ơLYLWF~QJIWOJW
() ()
t
gtfL
=

WK~SằQJFDK~ơLYLWF~QJIWlW
VOJWlW
()()
00
ttgttfL

=
W ONKRQJWKđLJLDQWU

,,,

oLXFKV
oWYQv
.WKXW~LXFKVơ~}FVạGãQJ~~LXFKVĐQJPDQJFĐWKOPELQGQJ
ELzQ~WQVơKRFSKDFDVĐQJWKQKWáQJPằFJLQ~RQPFGFĐQKLXV|~â
~LXFKQK}QJYLFSKyQWÂFKFFSK}|QJWKằFQ\WXẵWKXFYRGQJ~LXFKYWFK
VĐQJ&ĐKDLORLFK\XO
/RLNWKS&RKHUHQW7FKVĐQJ~âQJEWK}đQJ~}FGQJWURQJ~LXFK
GÊFKSKD36.YLJLWKLWEJLL~LXFKJĐFSKDFDVĐQJPDQJFĐTXDQKFơ
~ÊQKYLJĐFSKDVĐQJPDQJSKÂDSKW
/RL NK{QJ NW KS 1RQFRKHUHQW7FKVĐQJ ~}đQJ EDRVạGãQJ~ WFK
VĐQJ~LXFKGÊFKELzQ~$6.KRF~LXFKGÊFKWQ)6.
7URQJPWP\SKWVơE~LXFKVS[SFKXôLVơQKÊSKyQWKQKPWE
W}|QJằQJJâPPELzQ~VĐQJPDQJPSKDVĐQJPDQJKRFPGLWQJLQ~RQWáWQ
VơVĐQJPDQJKRFKQK6LQ'R~ĐFĐWK~}DUDGQJNLX~LXFKNKFQKDX~ĐO
$6.36.)6.


oLXFKNKRzGFKELrQv$6.
6L$ 'L$$&RV

W
'L70ằFWKằLFDGQJVĐQJQKLXFĐ~UQJ7
*LVạVơPằFOWÂQKLXQKÊSKyQWKWQVơVĐQJPDQJW}|QJTXDQ~Q~
UQJ7FDGQJVĐQJYX{QJQKÊSKyQQK}VDX

T
n


2
0
=

'R~ĐPW~F{QJVXW






+
+
+


+++=
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)

(
)
(
16
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
0
ffT
ffTSin
ffT
ffTSin
ffff
A
PSD
ASK

1XVạGãQJEOăFW}|QJ~}|QJ







+=
Tf
TfSin
f
A
PSD
ASK
2
2
2
0
)
(
16









'QJSKª









oLXFKNKRzGFKSKD36.
 36.KDLWUQJWKL%36.
 6W $
FRV
ω
W
ϕ

 6W $
FRV
ϕ
FRV
ω
Wl$ VLQ
ϕ
FRV
π

ω
W

 6W 6
Wl6 W
1K}Y\F§WKWK¼FKLQ~LXFKG£FKSKDWK{QJTXDG£FKELzQ~
7URQJ36.KDLWUQJWKLWDF§WKO\ELQ~ªLJ§FSKDWL
~Q ~L
GLQFKRKDLWUQJWKLijYijF´DW¢QKLX~LXFK




 36.WUQJWKL
 1J}®LWDG³QJWUQJWKLSK·F´DV§QJPDQJOFKQKDX
~LGLQFKRFF
QKQELW
 7DF§
  6W $
FRV
ϕ
FRV
ω
W%VLQ
ω
W
  6W $
FRV
ω
W
  6W $
FRV
ω

W%VLQ
ω
W
 7KQKSKQ~©QJSKDl7KQKSKQFXSK}|QJ
  6W G,FRV
ω
WG4VLQ
ω
W 

6tvNKLEvLXFK
















I

.zQKGQ


&KX\Q
~ªL Q¬L
WLS VRQJ
VRQJ
26&

Σ

%3)
U 
U

GO
7¢QKLX
1K£SKyQYR
$ FRV
ω
W
$ FRV
ω
W
W
ij
ij

1KQ[W
7X\QKLzQWURQJ436.YQFÔQWâQWLVẳFKX\QWLSSKD
WKẳFWFĐWK
KQ FKEQJ SKDFX SK}|QJ OFKB2436. KRF ~LX FK FẳF WLX 06. 7KẳF W
2436.~ĐOYLFO\VPFKXNẵWÂQKLXFXSK}|QJG4

.WKXW3$0

0WWÂQKLXDQDORJQXWDJLQ~RQQĐWKHRTX\OXWEWEXFQR~ĐO\
PXWKHRWKđLJLDQWDWUX\Q~LFF~LPJLQ~RQ~ĐNKLWKXOLFFJLWUÊJLQ
~RQ~ĐWDFĐWKSKãFKâLWÂQKLX~FKR7á~ĐWDWK\UQJGQJWÂQKLXDQDORJ
~LXFKELzQ~G\[XQJ~FKRWDWUX\QG\[XQJG\[XQJEÊ~LXFKELzQ~~Đ
.KLWKX~}FFF[XQJ~LXFKELzQ~WDFĐWKNK{LSKãFOLWÂQKLXFQWUX\QN
WKXW3$0
3$03XOVH$PSOLWXGH0RGXODWLRQ
7URQJ K WKơQJ 3$0 NK{QJ FĐ WKLW EÊ P KR Y JLL P 1J}đL WD FK
WUX\QPWG\[XQJFĐELzQ~~}F~LXFKELWÂQKLXDQDORJWK{QJWLQFQWUX\Q
YWQVơG\[XQJ~SằQJWQVơO\PX~QESKQWKXESKQWKXVNK{LSKãF
OLWK{QJWLQFQWUX\Q


/WKX\WO\PX
*LWKLWUQJFFWÂQKLXPX~XYRFĐWQVơ~~FĐWKWROLWÂQKLX
DQDORJ~XWKXVDXNKLTXDEOăFWK{QJWKS7RQKăF~FKằQJPLQK~}FUQJWÂQ
KLXDQDORJ~}FWROLNKLYFKNKLWQVơO\PXI
OQK|QKRFEQJOQWQVơ
FDRQKWFDWÂQKLX~XYR
G4
7ÂQKLX
~4
~O
W
W
W
W



9D

ID
IV
≥
ID
Y±LIDWQV¬F¼F~LF´DW¢QKLX~XYR
IVWQV¬O\PX



3K3$0
7DELWUQJWQV¬O\PXOWQV¬V§QJPDQJPV§QJPDQJ~y\O[XQJF§WQ
V¬IVYO[XQJYX{QJY±LFKXN½F§WU¬QJYELzQ~F´DQ§L~}²F~LXFKE±L
W¢QKLX~XYRDQDORJ9\SKªF´DW¢QKLX3$0W©QWLFDRK|QWQV¬FDRQKWF´D
W¢QKLXYIV
≥
ID1§J©PFFWKQKSKQF|EQYWKQKSKQEFFDR
%O¨FWK{QJWKS¯ESKQWKXFKFKRTXDWKQKSKQWKSW¸lIVWROLW¢Q
KLXDQDORJ
1XIVIDSKªF´DV§QJVWU³POzQPWSKQSKªW¢QKLXYROPPRW¢QKLXNKL
WKX~}²F






















7¢QKLXWUX\Q3$0YSKªF´DQ§



&zFEOFFvzS¬QJ[XQJFFKLXGwLK«XK{Q
0WEO¨FV¬OPWKWK¬QJWX\QW¢QKEWELQWURQJPLQWQV¬
Q
V|~©
NK¬LQK}KQKY






<Q KQ;Q

9

W I
7¢QKLXYRYSKªF´DQ§
9U
IVIV
±
IDW
9U

KQ
;Q <Q


9LKQO~SằQJ[XQJFDKWKơQJ
1XKPWUX\Q~W+=~}F~QKJLWUzQYÔQJWUÔQ~|QYÊ~ơLYL=
WKFKảQJWDFĐ~SằQJWQVơ+H

()
()
()
jw
jw
jw
eX
eY
eH
=

4XDQKWUzQFKRWK\UQJYLFSKyQEơWQVơFDELzQ~YSKDFDWÂQ

KLXYR[Q~}FELQGQJELKWKơQJWXẵWKXFYRGQJFD+H
&KÂQKGQJ
FD+H
~[F~ÊQKYLFVX\JLPKRFNKX\FK~LFFWKQKSKQWQVơNKF
QKDX+WKơQJW}|QJằQJYL+H
Q\JăLOEOăF
wFKRPWKWKơQJWKẳFKLQ~}FYPWYWOWKQĐSKLOQKyQTXY
êQ~ÊQK
&KLXGLFD~SằQJ[XQJKQOUWTXDQWUăQJKVơKQ~FWU}QJFKR
KWKơQJ9WKWDFĐWKSKyQORLFFKWKơQJWKQKKDLORLOQWXẵWKHRFKLXGL
FD~SằQJ[XQJKQ+DLORLQ\FãWKQK}VDX
/RLWKằQKWKWKơQJ~}F~FWU}QJEL~SằQJ[XQJFĐFKLXGLKX
KQ1Đ~}FJăLOKWKơQJFĐ~SằQJ[XQJFKLXGLKXKQ),5WằFOKQFK
NKFWURQJPWNKRQJFĐFKLXGLKXKQ1Wá~Q1
/RLWKằ+WKơQJ~}F~FWU}QJEL~SằQJ[XQJFĐFKLXGLY{KQ+WKơQJ
Q\JăLOKWKơQJFĐ~SằQJ[XQJFKLXGLY{KQWằFOKQNKFWURQJPW
NKRQJY{KQWá~QY{FQJ
6DX~y\WD[WFãWKYRWáQJEOăF
ắ

%OF),5
&FWÂQKFKWWêQJTXDQ
&FEOăFVơFĐ~SằQJ[XQJFKLXGLKXKQ~}F~FWU}QJELKP
WUX\Q~WVDX
() ()


=

=

1
0
N
n
n
ZnhZH

WằFO
()
[][ ]
NNnhL
==
1
,
0

WDWK\UQJ+=FKFĐFF~LPFẳFWLJơFWRFDPWSKQJ=9\FF~LPFẳF
Q\OX{QQPWURQJYÔQJWURQJYÔQJWUÔQ~|QYÊFKRQzQKWKơQJOX{QêQ~ÊQK
'RFKLXGLFDKQOKXKQQzQQXKQONK{QJQKyQTX
KQ

YLQ
WKWDFĐWK~}DQĐYQKyQTXEQJFFKFKX\QYJơFWR~WURQJPLQQJLWUÊ
~XWLzQNKFFDKQPYQ~PER+H
NK{QJ~êL+QK

Q
KQ


KQQKyQTX












KQQKyQTX

FzFvFWUuQJFƠDEOFILUSKDWX\QWQK
D

wSằQJWQVơFDSKD
wLPOLQKWFDEOăF),5ONKLWÂQKWRQKQONKQxQJWÂQKWRQWKHR
EOăFSKDWX\QWÂQK7ằFOFKảQJWDFĐWKJLDF{QJEOăF),5EQJFFKFRL~S

ằQJWQVơ+H
FDQĐFĐSKDWX\QWÂQK&àQJY\WÂQKLXTXDGLWK{QJFDEOăF
V[XWKLQFKÂQK[F~XUDYL~WU~FKRELYFKảQJWD~ELWFKÂQK[F~S
ằQJSKDFDQĐ
*LVạKQO~SằQJ[XQJFDEOăF),5[F~ÊQKYLFFPXQ 1
7ằFO
()
[][ ]
N
NnhL
==
1,0

+PWUX\Q~WFDQĐQK}VDX
() () () () ( )
()
11
1
0
1 10


=

+++==

N
N
n
n

ZNhZhhZnhZH

wSằQJWQVơ
() ()
()
wjjwjw
eeHe
H

=

()
(){}
jw
eHwj
arg
=


WDWK\
+
H
WXQKRQYLFKXNẵ

WằFO
()
()
()
mwjjw
eHe

H

+
=

1XKQOWKẳFWKWKHRWÂQKFKWELQ~êL)RXULHU~ơLYLWÂQKLXWDFĐ
() ()
jwjw
eHeH

=

()
[]
()
[]
jwjw
eHeH
arg
a
rg
=

KRF
() ( )

=

GR
()

jw
eH
WXQKRQYLFKXNẵ

2
QzQFKảQJWDFKQJKLzQFằX
()
jw
eH
Y
()

WURQJ
NKRQJ

2
0

&KảQJWDVGQJFFKELXGLQG}LGQJ~OQ
()
jw
eA
Y
()


() ()
()

jjwjw

eeAeH
=


KQ






%OFVFvzSơQJ[XQJFKLXGwLYsK{Q
&FWÂQKFKWWêQJTXWFDEOăF
ắ
%OFV,,5

7D[WEOăFVơ,,5WKẳFKLQ~}FYPWYWOWằFOFFEOăFVơêQ~ÊQK
YQKyQTX
7ÂQKQKyQTXFDEOăF~}F~PERQXWKRPQ~LXNLQVDX
KQ YLQ
7ÂQKêQ~ÊQK~}F~PEREL~SằQJ[XQJKQWKRPQ~LXNLQVDX
()


=
<
n
nh

ắ

+wPWUX\Qv{W
+PWUX\Q~WFDPWEOăFVơFĐGQJQK}VDX
()


=

=

=
N
k
k
k
M
r
r
r
za
zb
ZH
0
0

D

ắ
vzSơQJWQVFƠDEOF

() ()

j
ez
jwjw
eHeH
=
=


()
(){}
(){}
jw
e
jw
m
eHR
eHI
arctgw

=



&
zFSKutQJSKzSWQJKÊSOFV,,5WâEOFWutQJW

7URQJSKQQ\VQJKLzQFằXNYFFSK}|QJSKSFKX\Q~êLKPWUX\Q
~WFDPWKWKơQJW}|QJWẳ+
VVDQJKPWUX\Q~WFDKWKơQJVơ+='R~Đ

YLF~XWLzQFKảQJWDSKLWêQJKS~}FKPWUX\Q~WFDKWKơQJW}|QJWẳ+QV
&ĐSK}|QJSKSFKX\Q~êLWáKWKơQJW}|QJWẳVDQJKWKơQJVơQK}VDX
3K}|QJSKSEWELQ[XQJ
3K}|QJSKSELQ~êLVRQJWX\Q
3K}|QJSKSW}|QJ~}|QJYLSKyQ
3K}|QJSKSELQ~êL=W}|QJằQJ












SK}|QJSKSEWELQ[XQJ
wF~LPFDSK}|QJSKSwSằQJ[XQJFDEOăFVơKQQKQ~}F
EQJFFKO\PX~SằQJ[XQJFDEOăFW}|QJWẳK
WQK}Y\GQJFDK WY
KQOQK}QKDXFKNKFFKôK
WOOLzQWãFFÔQKQOUđLUF
6|~âWKẳFKLQ

3K}|QJSKSELQ~êLVRQJWX\Q
*LVạ\
WOPWWÂQKLXW}|QJWẳY\~RKPEFQKWFD\ WO

()
()
dt
t
dy
ty
a
a
=
'


WDFĐWKYLW\
WG}LGQJWÂFKSKyQFD\h W

() ( ) ( )
s
asaa
T
nYnTydtty
1'
=

%y\JLđWDWLQKQKWÂFKSKyQQKđTXLWFKQKWKDQJTX\WFQ\~}FS
GãQJUQJULWURQJWU}đQJKSWÂFKSKyQNK{QJWKWÂQK~}FEQJJLLWÂFK1LGXQJ
FDTXLWFQ\QK}VDX7ÂQKWêQJGLQWÂFKFDFFKQKWKDQJQKQ~}FEQJSKS
QLVX\WX\QWÂQKJLDFFPXFDWÂQKLXUđLUF













=


=

=

E
D
D


'LQWÂFKJLDPXQ7 YQ7
7


4XDQKJLºD
()
ZH
Y
()
s
H
a

() () ()
1
1
1
12
0
0
−
−
+

−
=
=
−
=
−
==
∑
∑
z
z
Ts
s
a
N
k
k
k
M
r
r
r
sHZH
za
zb
ZH

1
1
1

12
−
−
+
−
=
z
z
Ts
s

&FKW¢QKG³QJTXLWFKQKWKDQJ
6|~©
















•

3K}|QJSKSW}|QJ~}|QJYLSKyQ
&K¶QJWDELWUQJPWEO¨FW}|QJW¼KRFPWKWK¬QJWX\QW¢QKEW
ELQQ§LFKXQJ~}²F~FWU}QJE¯LSK}|QJWUQKWX\QW¢QKKV¬KQJF¤QEO¨FV¬
,,5~}²F~FWU}QJE¯LPWSK}|QJWUQKVDLSKyQWX\QW¢QKKV¬KQJ'R~§WDF§
WKWKLWOSPWV¼W}|QJTXDQW}|QJ»QJJLºDYLSKyQYVDLSKyQ
() () ( ){}
s
sasaa
Tt
T
TnynTy
t
ty
Lim
s
1
−−
=
∆
∆
→∆














+QKPLQKKRFKRELXWK»F
=


E
=


=

=

D
D

E
∆
∆
W
\ W
W Q7
∆
\ W



s
T
z
s
1
1
−
−
=


6|~©WK¼FKLQ















•

3K}|QJSKSELQ~ªL=WK¢FK»QJ

3K}|QJSKSQ\OEQVDRF´DSK}|QJSKSW»FOELQ~ªLWU¼FWLSFF
~LPF¼FY~LPNK{QJF´DKPWUX\Q~WF´DEO¨FW}|QJW¼+
VWURQJPWSKQJ
VWKQKFF~LPF¼FY~LPNK{QJF´DKPWUX\Q~WF´DEO¨F+=WURQJPW
SKQJ]
()
()
()
∏
∏
=
=
−
−
=
N
k
pk
M
r
or
a
ss
ss
CsH
1
1

6|~©WK¼FKLQ
















=

E
D
\Q
=


E
=


=

=


D
D

E


3K{Q


*LLWKLXFKXQJYPDWODE


,

7PKLXYFmQJW\PDWKZRUN

&{QJW\0$7+:25.6~}FWKQKOSYRQxPOPWF{QJW\KQJ
~XYYLFFXQJFSYSKWWULQSKQPPNĂWKXWFKRP\WÂQK&{QJW\FĐK|Q
QKyQYLzQ~DQJOPYLFFKRKDLYxQSKÔQJFKÂQK0Y$QK4XơF
0ăLFKLWLWYYLFWêFKằFQKyQVẳ~RWRYSKWWULQ[LQOLzQOFWL
:(%6,7(KWWSZZZ0DWKZRUNVFRP

,,

&nV0$7/$%




*LLWKLXFKXQJY0$7/$%

3KQPP0$7/$%OPWSKQPPYLWFKRP\WÂQK3&QKPKôWU
FKRFFWÂQKWRQNKRDKăFYNĂWKXWYLFFSKQWạF|EQOPDWUQWUzQP\WÂQK
3&GRF{QJW\i7KH0$7+:25.6jYLWUD
7KXWQJ0$7/$%[XWSKWWáKDLWá0$75,;Y/$%25$725<JKS
OL3KQPPQ\KLQ~DQJ~}FVạGãQJQKLXWURQJQJKLzQFằXFFYQ~WÂQK
WRQFDFFELWRQNĂWKXWQK}/WKX\W~LXNKLQWẳ~QJ.ĂWKXW[FVXW
WKơQJNz;ạOVơFFWÂQKLXYY
0$7/$% ~}F ~LX NKLQ EL FF WS OQK WF ~QJ TXD EQ SKÂP 1Đ
FàQJFKRSKSPWNKQxQJOSWUQKYLFảSKSWK{QJGÊFKOQKFÔQJăLO6FULSW
ILOH&FOQKKD\EOQKFD0$7/$%OzQ~QVơKQJWUxPYQJ\FQJ~}FP
UQJELFFSKQ722/%2;WK}YLQWUJLảSKD\WK{QJTXDFFKPằQJGãQJ
~}F[y\GẳQJWáQJ}đLVạGãQJ
0$7/$%WU[XơQJKRW~QJWURQJP{LWU}đQJ06'26
0$7/$%WUOzQKRW~QJWURQJP{LWU}đQJ:,1'2:6&K}|QJWUQK
0$7/$%FĐWKFK\OLzQNWYLFFFK}|QJWUQKQJ{QQJFSFDRQK}&&

)RUWUDQ9LFFL~W0$7/$%UWGGQJYWDFQFKảYLFGQJWKzPYLFF
WK}YLQWUJLảSKD\PXơQOLzQNWSKQPPQ\YLPWYLQJ{QQJFSFDR
9L0$7/$%F{QJYLFWÂQKWRQWUQzQ~|QJLQYQKQKQJK|QQKLX
VRYLQKLXQJ{QQJOSWUQKNKFQKđ~FĐWKLWNVQFF722/%2;FàQJQK}
)217WLQJYLWJLảSFKRQJ}đLVạGãQJFĐWKGQJ0$7/$%QK}PWF{QJFãKX
KLXFKROĂQKYẳFFKX\zQQJQKFDPQK0$7/$%FĐK|Q722/%2;~WU
JLảSFKRYLFNKRVWQKQJYQ~FĐOLzQTXDQWUzQ


&RQWURO6\VWHP7RROER[OQQWQJFKRKă722/%2;WKLWN~LX
NKLQEQJ0$7/$% 1ĐFKằDFFKPFKRYLFP{SKƠQJSKyQWÂFKY
WKLWNFFKWKơQJ~LXNKLQWẳ~QJ

)UHTXHQF\'RPDLQ6\VWHP,GHQWLILFDWLRQ7RROER[JâPFF0ILOHV
FKRYLFP{SKƠQJFFKWKơQJWÂQKWRQWUzQF|VSKS~R~SằQJWQVơ
FDKWKơQJ




)X]]\/RJLF7RROER[FXQJFSPWWSKS~\~FFF{QJFãFKR
YLFWKLWNP{SKƠQJYSKyQWÂFKFFKWKơQJORJLFPđ


+LJK2GHU6SHFWUDO$QDO\VLV7RROER[FXQJFSFFF{QJFãFKRYLF
[ạOWÂQKLXGQJSKêEFFDR&FSK}|QJSKSQ\~FELWKXGãQJFKR
SKyQWÂFKFFWÂQKLXFĐQJXâQJơFWáPWTXWUQKSKLWX\QKD\EÊQKLXSKL
*DXVVLDQ1RQ*DXVVLDQ[yPQKS


,PDJH3URFHVVLQJ7RROER[FKằDFFF{QJFãSKãFYãFKRYLF[ạO
QK1ĐEDRJâPFFF{QJFãFKRYLFWKLWNFFEOăFYO}XWUQK
QyQJFSQKSKyQWÂFKYWKLWN


0RGHO3UHGLFWLYH&RQWURO7RROER[~FELWKXÂFKFKRFFằQJGãQJ
~LXNKLQYLQKLXELQLQSXWYRXWSXWPSKQOQOFFJLLKQQKWO
WURQJNĂWKXWKRFKW

0X$QDO\VLVDQG6\QWKHVLV7RROER[FKằDFFF{QJFãFKX\zQP{Q
KRFKR~LXNKLQWơL}XKRSKyQWÂFKYWêQJKS
à
~FELWWURQJNĂWKXW
URERWFDRFSPFFKWKơQJ~DELQWX\QWÂQK


6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ7RROER[FKằDFFF{QJFã[ạOWÂQKLX&FằQJ
GãQJEDRJâP$XGLR~ĂD&RPSDFWExQJ'LJLWDO9LGHR'LJLWDO+'79
[ạOYQQQKYLQWK{QJ)D[7HOHSKRQH<KăFwÊDO


1RQ/LQHDU&RQWURO'HVLJQ7RROER[FKRSKSWKLWNFFKWKơQJ
~LXNKLQWX\QWÂQKYSKLWX\QVạGãQJNĂWKXWWơL}XKRWUzQF|VPLQ
WKđLJLDQ


2SWLPL]DWLRQ 7RROER[ FF OQK GQJ FKR Vẳ WơL }X KR FF KP
WX\QWÂQKYSKLWX\QWêQJTXW


6\PEROLF0DWK7RROER[JâPFFF{QJFãFKRYLFWÂQKWRQWUzQFF
ELXWKằF


6\VWHP,GHQWLILFDWLRQ7RROER[WSK|SFFF{QJFãFKR}FO}QJY
QKQGQJWPP{KQKWRQKăFFKRPWKWKơQJYWO


5REXVW&RQWURO7RROER[FFF{QJFãSKyQWÂFKYWêQJKSFFK

WKơQJ~LXNKLQEQJ5RER
1JRLUDFÔQFĐFF7RROER[NKFQK}
1$*)RXQGDWLRQ7RROER[6LPXOLQN
6LPXOLQN5HDOWLPH:RUNVKRS6SOLQH7RROER[6DWLFV7RROER[
722/%2;6,08/,1.OSKQPUQJFD0$7/$%VạGãQJ~P{
SKƠQJFFKWKơQJ~QJKăFPWFFKQKDQKFKĐQJYWLQOL
0WNKQxQJFàQJFQSKLQKF~QFD0$7/$%OELXGLQGDWDEQJ
~âWKÊKDLFKLXOQEDFKLXEQJFFOQKKPNK~|QJLQ







+QK.KLpQJ0$7/$%WURQJPmLWUoQJ:,1'2:6





+QK*LDRGLQELXWoQJFD0$7/$%9HUVLRQ



9LF NK¯L ~QJ 0$7/$% WURQJ P{L WU}®QJ :,1'2:6 ~}²F WK¼F KLQ
EQJFFKQKSFKXWYRLFRQKD\F¤QJ¨LOELXW}²QJK6DXNKLNK¯L~QJWUzQ
PQKQKV[XWKLQJLDRGLQELXW}²QJF´D0$7/$%K
*LDRGLQV¹V·QJF´D0$7/$%V¹G·QJF¹DVª


&¹DVªOQK&RPPDQG:LQGRZV


+QK*LDRGLQF¤DVOQKFD0$7/$%

&¹DVªOQKG³QJ~~}DFFOQKYGºOLXYR~©QJWK®LLQNWTXUD


&¹DVª~©WK£)LJXUH:LQGRZV



+QK*LDRGLQF¹DVª~©WK£F´D0$7/$%


&ạDVê~âWKÊWUJLảSFKRYLFWUX\[XW~âKR~WKKLQQKQJOQKKD\
NWTX~XUDG}LGQJ~âKR
9LFQJWFK}|QJWUQK~DQJ WKẳF KLQKRFFF FK}|QJWUQKNK{QJ ~ảQJ
WKHR\zXFX~X~}FWK{QJTXDSKÂPQĐQJ&WUO&
wWKRWNKƠLFK}|QJWUQK0$7/$%WDFĐWKGQJOQK
!!H[LW

KRF!!TXLW



(QWHU
KRFQKQYRGX!WUzQJĐFSKLFDFạDVêFKÂQK0$7/$%
0$7/$%~}F~LXNKLQEQJQKQJFyXOQK~}FNWKSWKHRPWWUW

WẳQKW~ÊQKY~}FJăLOFK}|QJWUQK7URQJFK}|QJWUQKFKằDQKLXFyXOQKY
QKQJKPFKằFQxQJ~JLLQKQJELWRQOQK|Q&FFyXOQKWURQJ0$7/$%
UWPQKFĐQKQJYQ~FKFQFyXOQKO~~JLLTX\W
&F P{ SKƠQJ WURQJ 0$7/$% ~}F GQJ KQK QK WR ~ NK{QJ JLDQ
FKLX'YFKLX'



&tFSKPFKƯFQjQJYqFtFOQKFKX\lQGQJFKRKWKQJ

D
&FSKÂPFKằFQxQJ


&WUO3KRzF



&WUOQKRzF



&WUOIKRzF



&WUOEKRzF

&WUOO
KRDF
&WUO



&WUOU
KRDF
&WUO



&WUOD
KRDF

+20(

&WUON

*LO{LOQKYâDWKFKLQWUuÂFvWâ FêDVOQKFƠD
0$7/$%
*LO{LOQKvảvzQKO{LWUuÂFv

&KX\QFRQWUVDQJSKxLPWNW

&KX\QFRQWUVDQJWUzLPWNW

&KX\QFRQWUVDQJSKxLPWWâ

&KX\QFRQWUVDQJWUzLPWWâ


&KX\QFRQWUYvXGQJ


;RzFKRvQGQJFXLFÔQJ

E

&FOQKKWKơQJ
&FOQKWUzQFàQJQK}VDXQ\~}FYLWUDWáFạDVêOQKFD0$7/$%





&DVHVHQRII

&DVHVHQRQ

&OF

&OI

&RPSXWHU

([LW KRzF
4XLW

&WUO&

+HOS

,QSXW

/RDG

3DXVH

6DYH

'HPR


(GLW
%WKXFWQKSKqQELWFKôKRDYwFKôWKuQJ

6êGăQJWKXFWQKFKôKRDYwFKôWKuQJ

;RzFêDVGQKOQK

;RzFêDVvKR{

/QKLQUDPW[qXNWFKRELWOR{LPz\WQK


7KRzWNKLFKutQJWUQK0$7/$%

'âQJFKutQJWUQKNKLQUtLYwRWQKWU{QJOSNKsQJNWWKĐF

;HPWUÊJLĐS

1KSGôOLXWâEwQSKP

7xLFzFELQvảOuXWURQJPWILOHvuDYwRYÔQJOwPYLF

1JâQJW{PWKLFKutQJWUQK

/uXJLôFzFELQYwRILOHFWrQOwPDWODEPDW

/QKFKRSKS[HPFzFFKutQJWUQKPXPLQKKR{NKxQpQJOwP
YLFFƠD0$7/$%

/QKvYwRFêDVVR{QWKxRGÔQJvYLWPWFKutQJWUQK




&tFELQWURQJ0$7/$%

7zQFFELQWURQJ0$7/$%FĐWKGLNÂWẳEDRJâPFFFKFLFQJ
FFFKVơFàQJQK}PWYLNÂWẳ~FELWNKFQK}QJSKLOX{QEW~XEQJFKFL
7zQFFKP~~}F~WFàQJFĐWK~}FVạGãQJOPWzQFDELQYL~LXNLQKP
Q\VNK{QJ~}FVạGãQJWURQJVXơWTXWUQKWâQWLFDELQFKR~QNKLFĐOQK
&OHDU[RFFELQWURQJEQKKD\[RWzQFFELQ
%QKWK}đQJ0$7/$%FĐVẳSKyQELWFFELQWRELFKFLWK}đQJY
FKFLKRD&FOQKWURQJ0$7/$%QĐLFKXQJWK}đQJVạGãQJFKFLWK}đQJ9LF

SKyQELW~ĐFĐWKEƠTXDQXFKảQJWDWKẳFKLQOQK
!!FDVHQVHQRII
EƠWKXFWÂQKSKyQELWFKKRDYFKWK}đQJ
9LFNLPWUDVẳWâQWLFDFFELQWURQJEQKWK{QJTXDFFEOQK

:KR
ZKRV
+LQWKGDQKVzFKFzFELQvảvuÊFvQKQJKD
+LQWKFzFELQvảvuÊFGQKQJKDFÔQJNFKWKuÂFFƠDFKĐQJYw



ZKRJOREDO

H[LVW
QDPHVUW


WKsQJEzRFKĐQJFSKxLOwVSKơFNKsQJ
+LQWKFzFELQFăFE
+LQWKFzFELQSKăWKXFYwRFzFFzFELQvuÊFvQKQJKDWURQJ
FKXLQDPHVWU+wPVWUxO{LJLzWUVDX
1XQDPHVWUOwWrQFƠDPWELQ
1XQDPHVWUOwWrQFƠDPWILOHP
1XQDPHVWUOwWrQFƠDPW0H[ILOH
1XQDPHVWUOwWrQFƠDKwPGFKEL6LPXOLQN
1XQDPHVWUOwWrQFƠDKwPvuÊFvQKQJKDEL0$7/$%


iOQFDELQ

wOQKD\FKLXGLFDELQYHFW|FàQJQK}PDWUQFĐWK~}F[F~ÊQK
WK{QJTXDPWVơKPFĐVQFD0$7/$%



VL]H$



>PQ@ VL]H$


VL]H$S


VL]H[




OHQJK[

OHQJK$


&KRPWYHFWRUFKơDNFKWKuÂFPDWUQ$3KQWêvXWLrQ
FƠDYHFWRUOwVKwQJFƠDPDWUQSKQWêWKơKDLOwVFW
FƠDPDWUQ

7UxJLzWUvOÂQFƠDPDWUQ$YwRYHFWRU[zFvQKELKDL
ELQPYwQ

ouDUDVKwQJFƠDPDWUQ$QXS YwVFWFƠD$QX
S



ouDUDYHFWRU Ps Wx v OÂQ FƠD YHFWRU [ 1X [ OwYHFWRU
KwQJPSKQWêWKJLzWUvXFƠDYHFWRUOwPYwJLzWUWKơ
KDLOw7UuQJKÊS[OwYHFWRUFWQWKJLzWUWKơQKWV
OwYwWKơKDLOwQ

7UxJLzWUFKLXGwLFƠDYHFWRU[

7UxJLzWUFKLXGwLFƠDPDWUQ$*LzWUWKXvuÊFVOwP
QXP!QYwQJuÊFO{LVOwQQXQP





&tFOQKWKmQJGÂQJWURQJpKRu0$7/$%

0$7/$%UW PQKWURQJ YLF[ạ O~â KR FKR KQKQKPLQK KRPW
FFKVLQK~QKYWUẳFTXDQWURQJNK{QJJLDQ'Y'PNK{QJFQ~QQKLXGÔQJ
OQK

3ORW[\

9vWKWURQJWR{v[\



3ORW[\]

9vWKWKHRWR{v[\]

7LWOH
ouDFzFWLrXvYwRWURQJKQKY

[ODEHO

ouDFzFQKảQWKHRFKLX[FêDvWK

\ODEHO
ouDFzFQKảQWKHRFKLX\FƠDvWK

]ODEHO
ouDFzFQKảQWKHRFKLX]FƠDvWK

*ULG
+LQWKOuÂLWUrQGWK

3ORW\
9vWKWKHR\ETXDFKVWKHR\
1X\OwVSKơFFRPSOH[WKvWKvuÊFYOwSKQWKFYwSKQxR
FƠD\

3ORW[\6

9WKHR[\6OwFzFFKVYPwXVFYwNLXvuQJWKHRELQ6WUFƠD
FzFvuQJWUrQvWKvuÊFOLWNrGuÂL

3ORW[\]6
9WKHR[\]6OwFzFFKVYPwXVFYwNLXvuQJWKHRELQ6WU
FƠDFzFvuQJvuÊFOLWNrGuÂL

3RODU[\

9vWKWKHRKWUăFWR{vFF

%DU

9vWKG{QJFW


&FFKVơYPXVF

*LWUÊ FD ELQ
6WU
WURQJ KP
3ORW
YPX VFKD\ NLX GQJ FD~}đQJ
~}FOLWNzWKHREQJG}L~y\

.LXpoQJ

0qXVyF

oLP

6DR

;

&KôFzL[
2

&KôFzLR



'XFQJ




ouQJQWOLQ



ouQJQWvơW




ouQJFKPJ{FK

ouQJFKP


<9wQJ
*;DQKOzFq\
0oWutL
%;DQKODP
&;DQKOzP{
:7UQJ
5o
.oHQ




9GăYvKR{EPW'