Bài giảng công nghệ môi trường_21 ppt

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SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 21Chapter 21
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL
Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu
Sep. 2011
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Overview of biological wastewater Overview of biological wastewater
treatment & reusetreatment & reuse
CONTENTSCONTENTS
Objectives of biological treatment Objectives of biological treatment
& reuse& reuse
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Role of microorganism in WWT Role of microorganism in WWT
Types of biological processes for WWT Types of biological processes for WWT
& reuse& reuse
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
WastewaterWastewater
••Surface WaterSurface Water
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••
WastewaterWastewater
usedused
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Accumulation of

ttdWW
Malodorous gas Malodorous gas
generationgeneration
Patho
g
enic Patho
g
enic
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un
t
rea
t
e
d

WW
gg
microorganismsmicroorganisms
Algae BloomAlgae Bloom
(aquatic plants)(aquatic plants)
Potential Toxic Potential Toxic
CompoundsCompounds
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
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Domestic WWDomestic WW
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
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Landfill LeachateLandfill Leachate
2
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
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Industrial WWIndustrial WW
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Surface water pollutionSurface water pollution
Ground water pollutionGround water pollution
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WWWW
Soil pollutionSoil pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Human health effectsHuman health effects
Aquatic life effectsAquatic life effects
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
TREATTREAT
REUSEREUSE
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Prevent negative Prevent negative
impacts of WWimpacts of WW
Reduce & Reduce &
rechargerecharge
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Necessary to protect public health & environmentNecessary to protect public health & environment
Water quality and discharged WW standardsWater quality and discharged WW standards
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Benefits of reuse the treated wastewaterBenefits of reuse the treated wastewater
Benefits of reuse the generated bioBenefits of reuse the generated bio solidssolids
Benefits of reuse the biogas or othersBenefits of reuse the biogas or others
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Public Health Public Health
RisksRisks
Viral pathogens excreted in fecesViral pathogens excreted in feces
Microbial Microbial
pathogenspathogens
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Virus Disease
Enteroviruses
(Polioviruses)
Poliomyelitis, paralysis and
other
Hepatitis A virus Infectious hepatitis
Rotaviruses Diarrhea
Viral

pathogens

excreted

in

fecesViral

pathogens

excreted

in

feces
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Public Health Public Health
RisksRisks
Microbial Microbial
pathogenspathogens
Bacterium Disease
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea
Salmonellatyphi Typhoid fever
Salmonella paratyphi Paratyphoid fever
Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Yersinia enteica Diarrhea
&septicfemia
3
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Public Public
Health Health
RisksRisks
Toxic Toxic
substancesubstance
ss
Carcinogenic
chemical

Potential carcinogenic
effects
Potential non-
carcinogenic effects
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chemical
effects
carcinogenic

effects
Organophosphorous
pesticides
Neutrotoxicity,
systemic poisoning
Chlorinated organic
compounds
Liver cancer Liver damage,
neurological effects
Polyciclic aromatic
hydrocarbons
Lung cancer, stomach
cancer (ingested), skin
cancer (dermal contact)
Liver damage,
dermatitis
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Domestic usesDomestic uses
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WW Sources?WW Sources?

Industrial activitiesIndustrial activities
Storm water/runoffStorm water/runoff
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Domestic wastewater
Parameter Unit Concentration
pH - 6.5-7.1
SS
mgO
2
/l
38
-
108
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SS
mgO
2
/l
38
108
COD mgO
2
/l 103-245
BOD
5
mg/l 75 – 100
N-NH
3
mg/l 1.5-6.7

N
tt
mg/l 5.0-11.3
P
tt
mg/l 0.21-4.3
Coliform MPN/100 ml 230-24.10
3
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Parameters Unit Tau Hu-Ben Nghe Doi Te
pH - 6.5 – 7.7 6.7 – 7.5
Alkalinity mgCaCO
3
/L 36 – 206 64 – 186
TDS
mg/L
54
–
464
40
–
525
Characteristics of Domestic WW from Outlets along Characteristics of Domestic WW from Outlets along
Tau HuTau Hu Ben Nghe, Doi Ben Nghe, Doi –– Te CanalTe Canal
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TDS
mg/L
54

464
40

525
SS mg/L 10 – 854 10 – 754
BOD
5
mg/L 65 – 900 40 – 233
COD mg/L 91 – 1,029 54 – 333
N-NH
3
mg/L 6.85 – 14.84 0.43 – 13.98
N-NO
2
-
mg/L Trace – 0.26 Trace – 0.113
N-NO
3
-
mg/L Trace – 0.62 Trace – 0.51
N-Org mg/L 4.45 – 16.32 3.32 – 14.72
PO
4
3-
mg/L 0.57 – 3.44 0.37 – 6.63
Phenol mg/L 0.015 – o.025 0.012 – 0.023
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
What will happen if it is not
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What

will

happen

if

it

is

not

treated before discharged?
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWTOBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT
Transform dissolved & particulate biodegradable
constituents into acceptable end products
Domestic wastewaterDomestic wastewater
Capture & incorporate suspended and
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nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc
or biofilm
Transform or remove nutrients (N and P)
Remove specific trace organic constituents &
compounds
4
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT
Industrial wastewater

Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Color - White Yellow white White
pH - 4.40 4.24 4.50
TDS mg/L 703 1,625 595
Acidity mg CaCO
3
/L 520 2,600 526
SS mg/L 2,900 8,600 4,920
VSS
mg/L
2,360
8,200
4,740
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
VSS
mg/L
2,360
8,200
4,740
BOD
5
mg/L 7,405 19,018 7,500
COD
total
mg/L 9,649 27,348 11,629
COD
filter
mg/L 6,070 20,192 4,537
N-NH
3

mg/L 28.0 120.4 33.6
N-NO
3
-
mg/L 1.11 2.29 0.80
N-Org mg/L 176 683 67
SO
4
2-
mg/L Trace 6.27 7.19
PO
4
3-
mg/L 32.60 11.61 35.12
CN
-
mg/L 24 96 24
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT
Characteristics of Leachate from Go Cat landfill
Parameters Units Dry Season Rainy Season Old
pH - 4.8 – 6.2 6.50 - 6.92 7.81 –7.89
TDS mg/L 7,300 – 12,200 5,011 – 6,420 6,040 – 9,145
Hd
CCO
/L
5 833
9 667
1 840
4250

1 260
1 720
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
H
ar
d
ness-
total
mg
C
a
CO
3
/L
5
,
833

–
9
,
667
1
,
840
–
4250
1
,
260

–
1
,
720
SS mg/L 1,760 – 4,311 896 - 1,320 235
COD mgO
2
/L 39,614 – 59,750 6,621-31,950 1,186-1,436
VFA mg/L 21,878 – 25,182 2,822 26
BOD mgO
2
/L 30,000 – 48,000 4,554 - 25,130 200
P
total
mg/l 558 – 896 133 64-101
N
total
mg/l 974 – 1,165 484 919
SO
4
2-
mg/l 1,400 – 1,590 - 14
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWTOBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT
Remove or reduce concentration of organic and
inorganic compounds
Industrial wastewaterIndustrial wastewater
Pretreatment may be required to avoid toxic to
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Pretreatment

may

be

required

to

avoid

toxic

to

microorganisms
Remove nutrients (N and P)
Agricultural irrigation return wastewaterAgricultural irrigation return wastewater
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove dissolved and particulate carbonaceous
BOD and stabilization of organic matter in WW
HOW?HOW?
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Oxidize organic matters into simple end products
and additional biomass
xOrganic material + yO
2
+ zNH
3
+ tPO

4
3-
uNew cells + nCO
2
+ mH
2
O
microorganism
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment
HOW?HOW?
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Specific bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and
nitrate = nitrification process
Specific bacteria reduce oxidized nitrogen to
gaseous nitrogen = denitrification process
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment
HOW?HOW?
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
2NH
3
+ 3O
2
2NO
2
-
+ 2H
+
+ 2H

2
O
Nitrosomonas
2NO
2
-
+ O
2
2NO
3
-
Nitrobacter
Nitrification
5
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment
HOW?HOW?
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
5CH
3
OH + 6NO
3
-
3N
2
+ 5CO
2
+ 7H
2
O +6OH

-
Bacteria
Denitrification
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove phosphorus in wastewater treatment
HOW?HOW?
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Biological processes are configured to encourage
the growth of bacteria with the ability to take up
and store large amounts of inorganic phosphorus
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
MtbliMtbli
Aerobic processes
Anaerobic processes
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M
e
t
a
b
o
li
c
M
e
t
a
b
o

li
c
functionfunction
Anoxic
p
rocesses (denitrification)
Facultative processes
Combined
aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic processes
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Tt tTt t
Suspended-growth processes
Attached
g
rowth
p
rocesses
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T
rea
t
men
t

T
rea
t
men
t

processesprocesses
gp
Combined processes
Lagoon processes
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Tt tTt t
Biological nutrient removal
Biological phosphorus removal
Carbonaceous BOD removal
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T
rea
t
men
t

T
rea
t
men
t

functionsfunctions
Stabilization (digestion)
Carbonaceous

BOD

removal
Nitrification
Denitrification
Q
UESTIONS
Q
UESTIONS
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QQ