Ôn tập thi LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH TRANSLATION THEORY

REVISION

Translation Theory

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CONTENT
1. Examination Format
2. Revision
3. Tip sharing

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Part 1: GENERAL FORMAT
Task 1: True/False (1pts – 5Q)
Task 2: Gap-filling (2pts – 8Q)
Task 3: Matching (2pts – 8Q)

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Examples
 Adaptation is mainly used for translation of

songs, plays, etc.

 …………..is used when a source language

grammatical structure does not exist in the
target language.


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2. REVISION (Theory)
Text Analysis
Translation Methods
Translation Procedures
Translation Equivalence
Translation Revision

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TEXT ANALYSIS
 Readership:

+ Definition: a group that readers that the
text is aimed at
+ Features: level of education, class, age,
gender

+ Types: expert, educated layman, the
uninformed

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TRANSLATION METHODS
8 methods – Peter Newmark

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Word – for – word translation
 Source language word-order is preserved
 words are translated singly by their most

common meanings, out of context
 and non – grammatical

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Literal translation
 Source language grammatical structures

are converted to their nearest equivalent
in the target language.
 But words are still translated singly, out

of context.

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Faithful translation
 Words are translated in context.
 Uncompromising to the target language.
 Transfer cultural words
 Does not naturalize

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Semantic translation
 Naturalize to achieve aesthetic effect
 Great focus on aesthetic features of the

source text (at expense of meaning if
necessary)
 Close rendering of metaphors,

collocations, technical terms,
colloquialisms, etc

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Semantic translation
 Used for:
- Texts that have high status (religious

texts, legal texts, politicians’ speeches)
- Expressive texts (literature)

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Communicative translation
 Freer than semantic translation
 Give priority to the effectiveness of the

message to be communicated
 Focus on readability and naturalness (the

content and language are readily
acceptable and comprehensible to the

reader)

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Communicative translation
 Used for: informative texts

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Idiomatic translation
 Reproduce the message of the original
 Prefer colloquialisms and idioms which

do not exist in the original
 Outcome: Lively, natural translation

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Free translation
 Reproduce the matter without the

manner, the content without the form of
the original
 Paraphrase much longer than the original
 Used for: informative translation, in-

house publication

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Adaptation
 The freest form of translation
 Preserve the theme, plots, characters only
 The SL culture is converted to the TL

culture

 A kind of rewriting in translation
 Used for: plays, poems, songs, advertising

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Translation procedures
 Memorize names of all procedures
 Outstanding characteristics of each

procedure

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Transference
 A SL word is directly taken into TL text with no

translation
 Used for: proper names, proper nouns, new

technical terms that do not have equivalents in
the TL.
 To create stylistic effect


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Naturalization
 A transferred word is adapted to the TL

(pronunciation and morphology)


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