NGHIÊN CỨU TRAO ĐỔI NĂNG LỰC SÁNG TẠO TẠI DOANH NGHIỆP TƯ NHÂN Ở VIỆT NAM - Full 10 điểm

Kinh tg - Quan ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO BOI

NANG LUC SANG TAO TAI DOANH NGHIB> VIET NAM

PGS. TS. NguySn Manh Quan *

Tom tat: Viet Nam la mgt nen kinh te mdi noi va dang chuyen doi Tuy tang
trudng dat toe do kha an tugng so vdi eac nen kinh te dang phat trien trong khu vuc,
nhung theo danh gia ciia Dien dan Kinh te the gidi (WEF), kinh te Viet Nam van cd
nguy CO tut h^u, Viet Nam rat can nhiing budc tien mang tinh dot pha Khu vuc kinh tl
tu nhan la mgt dgng lire phat trien cua nen kinh te, Nhung dong gop ciia doanh nghidp
tu nhan cho nen kinh te cdn rat han che. Mpt trong nhirng loi the tiem an ciia nen kinh
te Vi?t Nam nam d nguon nhan l^rc Bai viet gidi thi^u mpt so ket qua nghien eiiu ve
nang lire sang tao eua khu vuc doanh nghiep tu nhan d Viet Nam va de xuat mpt sd
each tiep can chien lugc tao siic bat cho khu vuc nay.

Tii khoa: Nang luc, doi mdi, sang tao, ngu6n nhan luc, tu nhan.

Abstract: Vietnamese economy is the newly - emerged and transitioning one.
Although the growth has been recorded at a rather impressive rate in comparison
with the developing economies in the region, basing on the evaluation of the World
Economic Forum (WEF), Vietnam economy is still in the danger of lagging. Vietnam
is in great needfor breakthrough progress. The private economic sector is the driving
force of economic development The contribution of the private enterprises to the
national economy, however, remains so limited. One of the potential advantages of
Vietnam economy lies in its human resources. The article introduces the outcome ofthe
research on the creative capacity of the private enterprises in Vietnam and proposes
some strategic approaches to create a bounce for this sector.

Keywords: capacity, ddi m&i / innovation, creation, human resources, private.

1. Phat trien kinh tetirnhan la mgt thuc su trd nen manh me hi nhtrng nam dau
chu tru-oTig ldn day thach thii-c the ky XXI. Trong ba thap ky doi mdi, nen
kinh te Viet Nam da c6 nhieu bien ehuyen
a) VietNam Id nen kinh ti m&i nSi vd quan trpng va da dat dugc nhiing bude
dang chuyin ddi tang trudng nhanh, lien tuc d mirc 5-7%
GDP/nam, tao ra nhieu viec lam, ddi song
Cong cupc doi mdi ve kinh te bit diu duac cai thien. Kinh te hi nhan ddng gdp
duoc thuc thi tai Viet Nam tir sau Dai hoi khoang 40% GDP (2017), thu hut 85% lao
Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lin thir VIII vao ddng xa hdi va chiem 98% trong so tren
thang 6 nam 1986, Tuy vay, qua trinh doi 600 ngan doanh nghiep.
mdi trong nhn kinh te xuat hien mudn ban,
vao giiia nhtrng nam 90 cita the ky XX va

* Vien nghien ciru phat trien doanh nghiep (Vien INBUS) Tap chi 31

•ll Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe

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NGHIEN cuu TRAO f>6l Kinh le -Qv^njy

b) Thdch thiec chit yiu ddi v&i nen on dinh. Theo danh gia cua cac chuyen
kinh ti gia WEF va Chi so Sang tao toan cau
(GII), Viet Nam lu6n chirng to co nhung
Moi trudng kinh doanh dugc cai thien uu thh dac biet dang ke trong mot so hnh
thdng qua nhirng chinh sach va su no lire vuc ve con ngudi va sang tao.
ciia Chinh phii, thir hang ciia nen kinh te
dugc cai thien theo timg nam, dii khong

GDP (PPP) per capita (Intl $), 1990-2013

1990 1992 1994 1996 199B 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Hinh 1. Phat trien kinh te ciia Viet Nam giai doan 1990-2015 va xu the; (WEF, 2015)

Tuy tang trudng dat duoc t6c dp kha dimg din. Vi the. Dang CSVN da ban

an tuang, nhung theo danh gia cua WEF, hanh Nghi quyit 10/NQ-TU" phat triin

kmh te Viet Nam van dang co nguy co tut kinh te tu nhan trd thanh "mot dong lue
hau so vdi cac nen kinh te mdi noi khac quan trong ciia nen kinh te thi trudng
trong khu vue (H, 1). dinh hudng xa hoi chii nghTa".

Cho dii mgt so chi so lien quan den con Chien lirtfc phat trien dot pha
ngudi va nang luc sang tao cua ngudn nhan
luc Viet Nam dupc danh gia la co nhieu uu 6m nudc theo dac diem phat trien, tW'ER(aiulijng 2018)]

the, kinh te Viet Nam van bi coi la mpt nen

kmh te phat tnen d mire tmng binh va c6

nguy ca roi vao "bay thu nhap tmng binh".

c) Viet Nam rdt cdn nhirng bu&c tiin

mang tinh dot phd.

Theo danh gia ciia WEF, Viet Nam " r u f ^ ^ ^ ' " ^ "MliidDjllULlioKn'J P^,l»A,»,fj^
mdi chi dugc coi la quoc gia diing

dau nh6m cac nudc phat trien dua vao Hinh 2. Xep hang cac nen kinh te trong
nguon luc. Tiem nang con ngudi chua khu virc theo WEF (2018)
thue su dugc khai thac mot each hieu

qua (H.2) Vi vay, dii no lire, eung kh6 d) Vai trd thuc su ciia khu vuc kinh ti
CO the dat duac mue tieu phat trien vugt tu nhdn tgi Viet Nam
bac. Dang luu y, trong khi Viet Nam
dang gang sire, cac quoc gia khac ciing Tuy duac thira nhgn co vai tro quan
tiep tuc phat tnen vdi t6c do nhanh han trpng trong phat triin kinh te, nhung dong
nhd nhiing ngudn lue va each tiep can gop cua doanh nghiep tu nhan cho nen kinh
te con rat han che. Theo bao cao danh oia

Tap chi I 3 0

Kmh doanh vd Cong nghs '

^ S60^,.:.0i9 1

1 "1 •. ; o ' j n h v d C 6 h g t, '

Kinh 16 - a u a n ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI

mpt nam sau thuc hien Nghi quyet 10/NQ- le rat thap. So lugt doanh nghiep tiep can

TU" (10/2018), cae doanh nghiep tu nhan dugc nguon tai chinh nay hau nhu kh6ng

(DNTN) mdi ddng gop gin 8% GDP. Cd dang ke. Tinh trang cac ngu6n tin dung ho

nhiiu nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang nay, tra phat trien kinh doanh nho khac cung

Ben canh cac van de ve mdi trudng kinh tuang tu, eho du lugng v6n tin dung cam

doanh (nhu the che, luat phap,.. ) va nang ket tang hang nam (Can Van Luc, 2018),

l\rc dieu hanh cua bp may hanh ehinh, cd Theo danh gia ciia cac chuyen gia, nang luc

nhiing yeu t6 ve nang luc ciia doanh nghiep quan ly dieu hanh ciia cac doanh nghiep va

va phuang phap quan ly. Bao eao GII 2017 ngudi quan ly la mpt trd ngai Idn dan den

ve Viet Nam cho rang, tuy co mpt sd diem tinh trang thieu man ma cua cac to chirc

manh vi ndng luc hdp thu kiin thiec, tdc tin dung ddi vdi cac DNNVV Theo Grant

dpng cua kiin thiec hogcpho bien kien thuc, Thornton, gan 60% s6 ngudi duge h6i cho

nhung van hoc 16 nhiing diem yeu ve giao rang nang suat Iao dgng chi c6 tam quan

due va nhan lire, nhu gido due nghe nghiep trgng rat it. Dieu d6 chimg to nguon nhan

va gido due dgi hoc. Theo nghien ciiu cua luc cua Viet Nam mdi la tiem nang, Trong

VietAnalytics (Dinh Tuan Minh, 2018), khuon kho ciia hai chuang trinh quoc gia

phan dong DNTN c6 quy m6 nho va sieu ve lap nghiep va h6 tro phat trien doanh

nho, doanh nghiep e6 so lugng lao dpng nghiep trong cac giai doan 2005-2009 va

dudi 10 ngudi chiem tren 50%, Kha nang 2011-2015, hang tram ty ddng tu ngan

tiep can thi trudng the gidi ban che, chi cd sach (dao dpng tir 30-60 ty VND/nam) da

khoang 11% DNTN c6 hang hda xuat khau dugc giai ngan cho cac kh6a dao tao de

true tiip hoae gian tiep Sd DNTN nam phat trien ngudn nhan luc va nang luc hoat

trong top 50 chi ehiem 1/3 (16/50). Tuy da dpng ciia doanh nghiep. Mac dii vay, tac

CO nhieu chinh sach va nguon lire dugc cam dgng CO n6 van kho kiem dinh.

ket, dudng nhu "nang luc hap thu chinh

sach" n6i chung, tiep nhan va xir Iy su ho %L NGANHNGHI sSlDong % ^
DN
tro ciia DNTN noi rieng, dang la mdt van 1 Cone nghiep dien tii 6 2.7%

de Idn, Dang ngai la nhieu no lire da dugc ? Cons nafaieo nhe 6 2.7%
thirc thi, nhung van chua dugc cai thien. 1 Cone nehieo thuc pham
Can phai c6 cac bien phap tiep can phii 4 Ca khi 6 2.7%
hgp, su nd luc cua ca Chinh phu, Ian khu 5 Dichvu
vyc kinh te tu nhan, dae biet la DNTN. fi Duoc, thiet bi v te 15 6.8%
7 Dien
2. Doanh nghiep Viet Nam qua S Ha tang 14 6.4%
nghien cihi d cac cap do khac nhau Q Hoa chat
3 1.4%
a) Nghien cieu & cdp vi mo 10 May mac
Sir cam ket ciia Chinh phii trong viec 2 0.9%
phat trien kinh te tu nhan, doanh nghiep 1 Tsfliua, bao bi
nho va vira (DNNVV) the hien qua cac 1? Tuvan 2 0.9%
chinh sach ho trg tin dung, ehinh sach uu

dai ve thue va dao tao nang cao nang luc. n Then 3 1.4%
Quy phat frien DNNVV, vdi so vdn dieu
14 Thiic an sia sue 26 11.9%
Ti Thuonemai
lf5 Trone trot 25 11,4%
17 Van tai
18 Vat lieu xav dims 4 1.8%
11 Xavdimg
2 0.9%
TdNG
5 2.3%

70 32,0%

1 0 5%

11 5.0%

4 1.8%

14 6.4%

219 100.0%

le la 2,000 ty VND (gin 100 tneu USD), Bang I. Cff cau doanh nghiep du-ffc khao

thanh lap hi nam 2014, chi cho vay vdi ty sat, theo nganh (INBUS, 2017-2018)

Tap chi 33

Kmh doanh va Cong nghe
So 04/2019

NGHIEN CUU TRAO D 6 | Kinh t^ - Quo^jy

Dao tao nhan lire la mot trong nhimg va gan 500 doanh nghiep d 8 tinh, thanh
van de then ch6t ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep ph6 khac (nam 2016) vh nang luc doanh
Viet Nam de nang cao nang lire ndi sinh, nghiep noi chung va nhan luc n6i neng,
hoi nhap vao cac chudi gia tri/cum lien ket trong d6 cd nang luc doi mdi, sang tao va
va nen kinh te toan cau. Nhu'ng nghien ciiu nang luc hap thu cong nghe (B 1)
ciia Vien Nghien cim va Phat trien doanh
nghiep (INBUS) da chi ra rang, de thue - Phuangphdp khdo sdt:
hien cd hieu qua cac khoa dao tao va nang Viee khao sat duac tiln hanh vdi Bp
eao nang luc hoat dpng cho doanh nghiep chi s6 BCI ciia INBUS dugc phat tnen
Viet Nam, can nhan thirc ro nhumg ton tai dua tren bd chi so danh gia nang luc hoat
sau: (i) Nhu cau ve nang cao nang luc ciia dpng quan tn ciia doanh nghiep va bd chi
doanh nghiep rat khac nhau, tiiy thuoc thuc so CIS eua Nhat Ban (Ishjjima va Maeda,
trang nang luc va quan diem ciia lanh dao 2014), INBUS cung da bo sung, nang cap
doanh nghiep, (li) Dao tao nhan lire la each BCI qua tham khao bg chi so SBC va
tiep can truyen thdng, tuy nhien, can phai phuang phap nghien ciru khae ciia Han
nang cao nang luc he thong, thay vi chi tap Quoc (2016), phuang phap luan danh gia
trung vao trang bj ky nang. nang lire to chiic OCAT (Mwiya, 2009) va
danh gia nang lue quan ly riti ro du an ciia
b) Nghien cuu & cdp doanh nghiep to chirc OPMCAT ciia Cannada, phuang
ciia Viin Nghien cuu vd Phdt tnen phap tinh ciia WEF, Gil, cung nhu ndi
doanh nghiip dung tir KPI (Parmenter, 2007), eac chi
so cot yeu ve quan ly (Walsh, 2008), eac
Gan day (2017-2018) INBUS da tien chi so ve traeh nhiem xa hoi ciia doanh
hanh khao sat 200 doanh nghiep duac lua nghiep (CSR), von xa hgi (OTI) va van
chpn ciia tinh Hung Yen (dirng thu 56/63 h6a to ehire (DOCS),... (H.3),

tinh, thanh pho ve chi s6 canh tranh PCI)

KHUNG C m t M LLTOC =HaPPH.\N CHINH + SO B 6 T 6 N G Q U A T

Milts up:itcnTfl^s

Hinh 3. Phnong phap xay dung Bo chi so BCI

Phucmg phap chi so (indexing) quen nghiep ye cac phirang dien khac nhau. Ap
thuoc nhu trong WEF, GII va nhieu tai dung de danh gia nang luc doanh nghiep,
lieu nghien ciru khac duoc su dung de BCI cua INBUS cu the hoa thanh he thong
luong hoa, phan tich va so sanh cac doanh cac tieu chi (H 4).

Tap chi j 34

Kinh doanh vo Cong nghe
So ^J/?ni9 [

R,inn re - v u a n ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO o6l

Hinh 4. He thong chi bao ciia Bo chi so BCsIfr dung de khao sat doanh nghiep (INBUS)

Ve nguyen tac, BCI ciing duge xay nang hap thu von hay nang lire quan ly
dung de trien khai khao sat tren eae chiic ng xau la hhiing ngi dung dugc nhieu d6i
nang va lmh vuc quan tri doanh nghiep ca tugng, nhat la cac nha dau tu, mu6n biet.
ban theo mo hinh quan tri doanh nghiep Ldng tin, nang luc phat trien ben viing,
kinh doanh trong kinh te thi trudng D6 la eac ngudn lire xa hpi, dpng lire eiia ngudi
cac chiic nang hay ITnh vuc quan tri, nhu Iao d6ng,...Ia nhii'ng van de quyet dinh
marketing va ban hang, cong nghe va tae ket qua va hieu suat hoat dong eiia doanh
nghiep, to churc va nhan su, ke toan va tai nghiep. Nhiing van de nang lire nhu vay

chinh, quan tri va dieu hanh. dugc tong hop va the hien thanh eac chi
s6 KPI cd the xac minh mdt each khaeh
Ve ban hang va marketing, nhirng quan, phan anh thuc trang nang luc cua
van de ve nang lire, nhu kha nang tao ra doanh nghiep vao thdi diem khao sat,
loi nhuan, kha nang hoat d6ng hieu qua,
nang lue quan Iy dieu hanh,. Ia nhiing - Ket qud khdo sdt:
ngi dung dugc quan tam. Trong cac hoat Diem sd cua gan 200 doanh nghiep
dpng eong nghe, kha nang thich irng, duoc khao sat tai Hung Yen nam trong
doi mdi sang tao, kha nang dam bao tieu pham vi dugc trinh bay nhu trong B.2
chuan chat lucmg,.., la nhiing van de vaH.5
dugc nhieu ngudi coi trong, Cac doanh nghiep duac khao sat
(B 3) phan thanh 7 nhom nang liic "rat
Ve to chirc va nhan su, viec bo tri sir y8u" - "yeu" - "dudi trung binh" - "trung
dung va tao mdi trudng lam viee thuan lgi binh" - "kha" - "tot" - "rat t6t", theo ty
luon la nhiing van de duac uu tien. Cac le d6ng d6u (100/7). Cd the thSy hku het
chi so ve nang luc to ehirc, nhu he thdng eac diem nang luc cua cac doanh nghiep
thong tin npi bp va chat luang nguon duoc khao sat d mirc trung binh va tren
thong tin ciing vdi nhu'ng ehinh sach dam trung binh. So doanh nghiep duae khao
bao truy nhap va khai thac thdng tin la sat do cac ca quan quan ly d dja phuang
nhu:ng nhan td quan trgng. lira chpn va gidi thieu. C6 nghia la trong
thuc te nang lire doanh nghiep Viet Nam
Thong tin ve nang lire tai ehinh doanh
nghiep, nang lue vdn hda thi trudng, kha

Tap chi 35

Kmh doanh va Cong nghe
So 04/2019

audn ly

Chisd Chisd Chisd Chi so Chi so Chi so Chisd Chisd Chisd
kha nang nang lire phat^ nang liec nang luc nang li/c nang nang nang
quan ly kel noil luv tai luchSp llfC
lao Iffi hoai ihich hoinhgp chinh ihu vdn qudn iy
nhuan ieng, doi 4,34 no xdu
kieu quii mdi sang 1,66 4,13 5,00
3,07 1,69 1,00
Max 4,28 4,48 4,31 lao 3,02 3,00 4,79 4,26

Mia 1,17 2,08 1,72 4,21 1,30 1,76

TB 2,91 3,32 3,16 1,38 3,31 3,09

2,92

u-c cua doanh nghiep khao sat

Hinh 5. Phan bo diem nang lyc doanh tai dia phuang co the thap han Dieu do
nghiep khao sat giai thich tai sao d6ng gop cua cac DNTN
cho kinh te va vi tti ciia dia phuang tren
ban do PCI lai thap nhu vay.

Trong mgt nghien cim cua INBUS
hen hanh d gan 500 doanh nghiep khac
tai 8 tinh, thanh ph6, nhu cau h6 tra nang
cao nang lire cua doanh nghiep la khac
nhau (B 4 va B 5). Cac doanh nghiep
dugc xep vao nh6m co nang luc thap (rat
yeu, yeu, hoac dudi tmng binh) thudng

uu tien quan tam den viee cgnh tranh -
ton tgi, trong khi doanh nghiep thudc cac
nhom trung binh va kha quan tam nhieu
han den viee nang cao nang luc de cgnh
tranh - phdt trien

Tong Ndng kc doanh nghiep

TT Loai kinb sSDN Rit yeu y. Yiu % Dadi TB % TE % Kh % Til % Rit %

sat

1 DNlunhan n 0 0.00 0 0,00 8 47,06 9 52,94 0 0,00 0 0,00 0 0,00

2 Cong^CP Sl 2 3.92 2 3,92 12 23,53 26 50,98 8 15,69 1 1,96 0 0.00

3 Cong Ij TNHH US 2 1.74 6 5,22 25 21,74 51 44.35 31 26,96 0 0,00 0 0,00

4 Hgp lac xa 4 0 0,00 0 0.00 3 75.00 1 25.00 0 0,00 0 0.00 0 0.00

5 DN CO von nha nirdc 0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0,00 0 0,00 0 0.00 0 0,00 0 0,00

6 ChinhanhffiaidientaiDP 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0,00 1 25.00 3 75,00 0 0,00 0 0.00

TONGCpNG m 4 2,09 8 4,19 48 25,13 88 46,07 42 21,99 1 0,52 0 0,00

,.K
Bdng 3. Phan nhom doanh nghiep khao sat theo n.a.ng iwc hoat dong, (EHBUS, '201'7')^1 '

Tgp chi I J i

Kinh doanh va Cong nghS I

Kinh 16 - Quan ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO D 6 I

Tdng so NJtu cau dao tun
DN
Link viK BiimTB f)ao tao dc toa t»i Dao tao de phat trien Bao tao de dan d^t
khdo sat
Rat yeu Yeu Du&iTB TB Kha Tot Rat tdt
60
Banh^g 3.47 0 6 9 6 25 12 2

Nhan lyc 3.58 60 2 5 3 2 17 14 3

T 6 chiic 3.52 60 0 8 5 4 24 14 2

Quanly 3.46 60 0 4 8 5 20 11 2

TdNGCONG 2 23 2S 17 86 51 9
Nhu c^u ddo tao Cap
VSu cau Aho t a o thi^t Khuydn Khuyen khich Ddc biet
Co-ban C u n g CO nghi Chuyen 1„ „ f Doi miH Sdng tao
Nang
cao Nang cap

Bdng 4. Nhu cau dao tao cua doanh nghiep d Ha Noi (INBUS, 2016)

Lmh virc SS Ivot doanh ughiep c^D d l o tao

TSUES6 Dl ton tai % De phat tiiln % De din dat % 3 nhom Avin T B

499 25
Ban bang 5% 366 73% IOS 22% 95 19%

Nhaaliic 434 19 4% 275 63% 140 32% 76 18%

To chic 474 17 4% 290 61% 167 35% 70 15%

QuanlJ 457 18 4% 317 69% 122 27% 82 18%

TONGSO 1864 79 1248 537 323

Bang 5: Nhu cau dao tao phan theo nhom doanh nghiep (INBUS, 2016)

Nang lire doi mdi cua cac doanh Chisd Tdng Nang lite doanh nghiep
nghiep khong giong nhau (B.6, B 7 va
B-8). Ci cac doanh nghiep, noi chung, so % Yiu % DiecH %
chi d mirc trung binh. Chi c6 1/191 TB
doanh nghiep eo nang luc doi mdi thude DN
nhom "tot" la khong dang ke. Cac doanh klido Rit
nghiep Viet Nam thudng yeu ve nang lire
sang tao, doi mdi (innovation), dudi mirc sdt yeu
trung binh. Viec trien khai cdng nghe
mdi d hau het eac doanh nghiep ehi la ap Chi so kha nang 191 4 2,09 s 4,19 48 25,13
dung (renovation) cong nghe hien hiru tao liji nhuan
(B.6). Vdl nhirng nhdm nay, mdi quan
tam hang dau la su sdng cdn va kha nang Chi so nang lire 0 0.00 2 1.05 27 14,14
t^o ra Igi nhuan. 191

Nhom eac doanh nghiep co nang luc ho^it dQiig Meu qua
trung binh quan tam rat nhieu den doi mdi

sang tao Nhung hieu qua trien khai cac Chi so phat trien 191 0 0.00 3 1,57 15 7,85
ho^t dpng nay gay trd ngai cho viec tao ben vung
ra sir birt pha ve nang suat Cac doanh
nghiep co chi so doi mdi sang tao d mirc Chi so nang lyc 1 0,52 10 5,24 29 15,18
tnmg binh chiem ty le kha cao, nhung so thich ling, doi moi 191
sang t?o 0 0,00 4 2,09 1"; 7.85
Chi so nang luc

191
quan ly dieu hanh

Chi s6 nang Iiic ket 0 0,00 2 1,05 29 15,18
191

noi/hpi nhap

Chi so nangluc tai 161 16 9,94 4 2,48 26 16,15
chinh

Chi so nang luc 191 1 0,52 6 3.14 U 5.76
hap thi^ von

CW so nang luc 191 0 0,00 4 2,09 12 6,28
quan ly no xau

Bdng 6. Phan loai doanh nghiep -
Ba nhom "duoi trung binh"

Tap chi 37

Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe
So 04/2019

N G H l i N CUU TRAO DOI Kinh IS - Quonjy

TSng Ndng life doanit nghiSp doanh nghiep co ohi so tai chinh, hieu qua
a miic cao lai khong tucmg xiing (B,7),
Chisd DN TB % Khd %
tittdo So cac doanh nghiep co nang lire
Chi so kha nang sdt 88 46,07 42 21,99 hoat dong tot tro len, co the tro thanh
tao loi nhuan 191 55 28,S0 75 39,27 doanh nghiep dan djt, tuong doi it (trii
Clii so nang luc 191 105 54,97 63 32,9S duoc danh gia tot ve tinh hieu qua). IVIiic
hoat dong hieu qua 191 117 61,26 33 n,2S dau tu cho cac hoat dong doi mm sang tao
Chi so phat trien 129 67,54 41 21,47 cDng thip, so doanh nghiep c6 chi so nay
benvtmg 191 116 60,73 43 22,51 0 cac miic "tot" va "rat t6t" khong dang
Chi so nang Itic 47 29,19 56 34,7S ke: 1/191 (B.8).
thich img, doi moi 191 67 35,08 89 46,60
sang tao 191 132 69,11 42 21,99 Nhan thiic va quan diem ciia doanh
Chi so nang luc 161 nghiep va nhung nguoi quan ly dong vai
quan ly dieu hanh 191 tro quyit dinh khong kem Ho trg phat
Chi so nang Itrc ket 191 trien nang lire doanh nghiep dong nghJa
noi/hoi nhap vol viec lam thay doi nhan thiic cua nhiing
Chi so nang lire tai nguoi quan ly de ho danh sit quan tam va
chinh ngu6n lire nhieu han cho cac hoat dong
Chi so nang lire doi moi, sang tao. Viec dao tao, nang cao
hap thu von ky nang cho nguai lao dong nhu hien
Chi so nang luc nay van can duoc tiep tuc Tuy vay, viec
quan ly ng xau dieu chinh he thong to chiic de tao moi
truang thuan lai cho nguai lao dong phat
Bdng 7. Phan loai doanh nghiep - huy nang luc chi duoc thuc thi bai nhiing

Hai nhom "trung binh" nguai lanh dao am hieu van de.

Chisd Tmig Ndng tifc doanh ngliiep Khong the ky vong tat ca cac doanh
sS nghiep thupc cac khu vuc khac nhau hap
Chi so kha nang DN Tot % tdt Rat % thu nhu nhau cac chinh sach ho tra va cac
tao loi nhuan nguon luc. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay
Chi so nang luc tittdo 1 0,52 0 0,00 nhimg tac dpng tich cue cua nang luc hap
hoat dong hieu qua sdt 31 16.23 1 0,52 thu cong nghe, hap thu chinh sach dSn ket
Chi so phat trien 191 5 2,62 0 0,00 qua hoat dong tai chinh cua doanh nghiep
ben vihig 1 0,52 0 0,00 (B.9). Nhung doanh nghiep hap thu cong
Chi so niing lire 191 2 1,05 0 0,00 nghe moi chinh sach moi tfit hon se co ket
thich ling, doi moi 1 0,52 0 0,00 qua kinh doanh tot hon. Nhung dieu do
sang tao 191 7 4,35 5 3,11 khong khSng dinh cac chinh sach deu tac
Chi so nang lire 12 6,28 5 2,62 dong giong nhau tai cac doanh nghiep, ma
quan ly dieu hanh 191 1 0,52 0 0,00 phu thuoc vao nang luc tiip nhan, chuyen
Chi so nang lire ket hoa, van dung thanh giai phap kinh doanh
noi/hoi nhap 191 ciia doanh nghiep.
Chi so nang lire tai
chinh 191 3. Mot so de xuat ve each tiep can
Chi so nang luc chien lyffc de tao sii-c bat cho khu vuc
hap thu von 161 doanh iighlep tu nhan
Chi so nang lue
quan ly ng xau 191 a) Any vi chinh sach

191

Bang 8: Phan loai doanh nghiep - Tap chi 38
Hai nhom tir "tot" trff Ien
Kmh doonti va Cong ngh^

. So 0472019

Kinh IS - Quan ly NGHliN Ciiu TRAO B 6 |

Tac dpng the hien tren hai mat: tieu nghiep noi dia. Sir quan tam va diiu tu
cue va tich cyc Tac dong tieu cue ciia cho doi mcri sang tao ciia cac doanh
tinh trang nang luc doi moi sang tao kem nghiep noi dia con it oi. Co the do han
o cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam la kho tim che ve von, nhung dang lo ngai hon la
duac cac doi tac quoc te co nang luc su ban che ve tam nhin, nhan thtic doi
tuang ling, dang tin cay de tham gia vai doi moi, sang tao. He qua la su tho
vao chuoi san xuat Tinh trang nay dong a,_ thieu ling ho dot vai cac hoat dong
nghta vai viec cac doanh nghiep nuac doi mai sang tao trong cac co so dao tao,
ngoai tai Viet Nam phai tu minh ganh nghien citu de ling dung trong san xuat
them cong viec va chong choi lai voi dang dugc trien khai nhu mot cbinh sach
su canh tranh song-con ciia ciia doanh Ion cua Cbinh phii hien nay.

Chisd TS„gs4 m^ei rciloaiib nghidp
DNkhao Rat
% ySu % TB % TB % Kb6 % Toi % Rdi lot %
sil

Chi s6 nang li;o tai chinli 162 15 9.SS ^ 2 41 27 16 67 47 29 01 56 34 57 7 4 32 3 3.09

Chi so Q^Dg l ^ h a p t h ^ 194 3 1.55 21 10.82 40 20 62 79 40 72 47 24.23 4 2.06 0 0 00
coDg ngbe

' Chi so Ding lire h a p t h u 194 0-52 6 3 09 53 27 32 101 52 06 30 15.46 3 1.55 0 0 00

chioh sach

Bang 9: Moi lien he giira chi so ket qua tai chinh (KRI) va chi so nang lyc hap thu,
phan theo nhom nang lyc.

NSng llfchSp TSngsSDN NSttBl-rcaicMnh
Uii/c6ng
^ Yia % "TB' % '^nh % TSt % RSitSl %
tgh( y^ M KM
000
nil ylu 3 0 0.00 0 a.OD 1 3333 2 66.67 0 0.00 0 000 0

Tit- f 2 1176 2 11 76 •1 23.S3 6 35.29 2 11.76 1 588 0 0.00

omTB 32 3 938 0 0.00 fi 18.75 10 31.2S 12 37S0 1 313 D 0.00

TrufgiMt 66 7 10£1 2 3.03 7 10.61 16 24.24 28 42.42 3 45S 3 455

Oi 40 1 250 0 000 a 20.00 12 30.00 15 37J0 2 5.00 2 500

! TU 4 0 000 0 000 25.00 1 2S00 2 SOOO 0 0.00 • 0.00

Khlil 0 D 0 0 a 0 0 0

162 13 B.02 4 2.47 27 16.67 47 29.01 S9 36A2 7 4.32 5 3.09

Bang 10. Moi lien he gifra kha nang hap thu cong nghe va ket qua thuc hien ve
tai chinh.

KAigbfchip rT Hine'Vt:'-^'!^-'!'
aiaMitiiiiai
I nAylu » % 1-fi. "TB'01 10»0.00 ''0 ^^ 0«.00 0 0 Hhu «.00 0 0 IS, «.00 1a^ 0!0*0

Sbyi, 4 a 0.00
fl. to 1 000
IMITB 90 f 2S.00 1 2600 0 0.00 2 5000 0 aoo 0 0.00 a 0.00
TragSM 2S 10 10.00
ai 2 J 1111 0 0.00 B 20.00 11 27.60 15 3750 2 5.00 a 0.00
Til 0 a 400
til tit a 0.00 z 3.33 IS 16.67 26 20.09 29 32.22 4 444 3 3.33
162
16 HBe Q 0.00 3 uao 7 2B.0a 11 •MOO 1 4.00 2 OOO

0 0.00 0 0.00 1 SOOO 1 5000 0 0.00 0 000

0 0 0 D 0 0

4 Z,<7 27 I6.S7 47 29.0, 51. 34S7 7 4.32 s 3.09

Bdng II. Moi lien he giira kha nang hap thu chinh sach va ket qua thyc hien ve
tai chinh.

Tap chi I 3 9
Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe

So 04/2019

NGHlfiN CUU TRAO fi6l Kinh f^ -QwriJ^

Tuy nhien, cung da he 16 nhGng khia da buac dau thiet lap cac moi hen he vm
canh tich cue trong trien khai doi moi cong dong doanh nghiep Nhat Ban t^i Vi^t
sang tao tai cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Nam va Nhat Ban de siJ dung ca so vat
Ba muoi nam doi moi chira phai la dai doi chat va cong nghe ciia hp cho sinh vien,

vai lich sii phat trien cua mot nen kinh te hoc sinh ren luyen, thuc hanh, truoc het
dang chuyen doi. Cac doanh nghiep Viet la y thuc ky luat va sir cham chi. Chung
Nam chii yeu van dang o giai doan tim toi, toi buoc dau thanh cong trong viec thuyet
hoc hoi kinh nghiem. Tuy nhien, tinh trang phuc mpt so ca sa dai hoc va giao duo
hoc hoi da buac sang thai ky co sang tao, pho thong thay doi each tiep can va tan
cai tien. Khai nghiep doi moi sang tao la dung nhung co hpi chiing toi mo ra. Hai
mot chinh sach chu dao dang diroc tnen nam nay, Khoa Dien - Dien tu ciia Truong
khai mpt each tich cue, rong khap tai cac Dai hpc Kinh doanh va Cong nghe Ha
tmang dai hpc va he thong to chuc cua Npi da dua viec thuc hanh trai nghiem
doan thanh nien trong ca nuoc. Khia canh vao chuang trinh dao tao chinh thuc hang
tich circ cua viec ham hoc hoi kien thirc va nam cho sinh vien Mot so thoa thuan hop
kinh nghiem quoc te cua cac doanh nghiep tac giiia INBUS voi cac truang dai hoc,
Viet Nam cung c6 the va can duoc khai truang nghe, truang pho thong, Hiep hpi
thac thong qua moi quan he giau su tin cay Doanh nghiep Nhat Ban ve dao tao hucmg
giua cac doi tac Thay vi thiet lap cac moi nghiep lien thong va su dung nguon nhan
quan he kinh te truyen thong (hgp dong), luc da duac ky ket
da hinh thanh cac moi hen ket mang luai,
ket noi thanh vien va tra giup lan nhau Nham ho trg ket noi doanh nghiep
cung phat trien (partnership). Viet Nam voi cong dong quoc te, INBUS
da su dung Bp chi so BCI xay dung cuon
b) Gidi phdp (hue le - kinh nghiem cam nang danh ba ve nang lire doanh
cua Vien Nghien cmi vd Phdt trien nghiep theo nganh, ITnh vuc cua tinh Hung
doanh nghiep Yen. Mpt chuang trinh dao tao doanh
nhan tuong laj thong qua mo hinh uom
Tuan theo nhijng nguyen tac neu tao doanh nhan, doanh nghiep tai Nhat
tren, ENBUS da tien hanh nhiing nghien Ban ciing dugc cam ket giiia INBUS,
ciru trong mot vai nam de tim kiem va Bao Dien dan doanh nghiep (VCCI) vai
phat trien moi quan he doi tac. Nhat Ban Dai dien Cong dong doanh nghiep Nhat
da dugc lua chon lam doi tac dau tien de Ban va bat dau trien khai Chuong trinh
thiet lap moi lien he ket noi gma doanh nham tao ca hpi cho nhiing nguai tre

nghiep hai nuac va kinh nghiem cua cac tuoi Viet Nam mong mu6n lap nghiep co
doanh nghiep Nhat Ban la cac bai hoc co the tiep can va tiep nhan nhirng mo hinh
gia tri trong chien lupc phat trien nguon kmh doanh nho ciia Nhat Ban ciing kmh
nhan luc ke can cho cac doanh nghiep nghiem ciia hp Nhung chuang trinh tren
Viet Nam dang dugc INBUS theo duoi. chi mcri duac khai xuong khoang hai nam,
nhung trien vpng rat sang sua, vi phii hap
Hpc tap kinh nghiem mot each sang vai xu the va chu truang chinh sach ciia
tao phai co nguon nhan lire phii hgp. Vi Chinh phli,/
vay, dao tao nhan luc can duac tien hanh
sam han. Trong nhijng nam qua, INBUS

Tap chi I ^ f i
Kinh doanh vo Cong nghS [

Kinh tg - Quan ly Tai lieu tliam idiao NGHIEN CUU TRAO P 6 |

1, Ky yeu hoi thao Thuc bien Nghi quyk 10-NQ/TW; tiep tuc hoan thien moi
tniong phat trien kinb te tu nhan, VCCI, 10th. July 2018.

2 INBUS (2013-2018). Business Indexing - Corporate Financial Capacity.
Annual reports, Hanoi.

3. INBUS (2016). Business Capacity Survey 2016 Report. Internal publication
use, Hanoi.

4. INBUS (2017). Research for the development of the handbook of business
capacity to the improvement of the PCI of Hung Yen province. Project Report,
Department of Planning and Investment of Hung Yen

5. INBUS (2018) The Handbook of industrial business capacity of Hung Yen

province Department of Planning and Investment of Hung Yen, Hung Yen.

6 Ishijima, Maeda (2015-2017) Credibility Index for SMEs (Small and Medium
Enterprises). JAIF project, ASSEAN.

7. Parmenter (2007). Key Performance Indicators - Developing, Implementing,
and Using the Winning KPIs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey.

8 Schwab, WEF (2017). The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018. World
Economic Forum, Geneva

9. VCCI (2018). Proceedings of workshop Implementing Resolution 10-NQ/TW:
Continue to improve the environment ofprivate economic development. VCCI, 10th.
July 2018

Ngay nhan bai: 07/6/2019

Tap chi 4 1
Kinh doanh va Cong nghe

86 04/2019