de cuong on hOA kỳ ll

Chỉ nguyên nhân(bởi vì) Because it’s raining now, we can’t go to work.
↔ Because of the rain, we can’t go to work.
Since, As, Because + S + V + …
(Bởi vì trời mưa, nên chúng tơi khơng thể đi làm
⇔ Because of, Due to, As a result of + được)
Noun/ V-ing

Chỉ sự trái ngược ( mặc dù) Although it was very noisy, we continued to study
Although/Though/Even though + S + V +... our lessons.
⇔ Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing ↔ In spite of the noise, we continued to study our
S + be/ V + so + Adj/ Adv. + that … lessons.
⇔ It + be + such + Noun + that (Mặc dù rất ồn ào, nhưng chúng tôi vẫn tiếp tục
học cho xong bài)
S + V + too + Adj. + to V This film is so boring that no one wants to see it.
↔ It is such a boring film that no one wants to see
it.

(Cái phim này chán tới nổi mà chẳng ai muốn coi
nó hết)
Yuri is too fat to wear that dress.
↔ Yuri is not thin enough to wear that dress.

⇔ not + Adj. + enough + to V (Yuri quá béo để có thể mặc vừa cái váy kia)

so + Adj. + that These shoes are so small that he can’t wear it.
↔ These shoes are too small for him to wear.

⇔ too + Adj. (for somebody) + to V (Mấy đôi giày này quá bé so với cái chân của anh
ta)

such + noun + that It was such a difficult question that we can’t find

the answer.
↔ The question was too difficult for us to answer.

To V + be + Adj./Noun To live in the countryside alone could be hard for
⇔ S + find + it + Adj./Noun + to V her.
↔ She finds it hard to live alone in the
countryside.

Câu điều kiện loại 1: If + S + V-e/es, (Cô ấy cảm thấy sống ở vùng quê là việc khó khăn
Câu điều kiện loại 2: If + S + V-ed, đối với mình)

S + will/can/may (not) + V

S + would/could/should (not) + V1

Câu điều kiện loại 3: S + would/could/should (not) + have + PP
If + S + had + PP, If you experience hardships, you will be more
mature.
Đảo câu điều kiện loại 1: → Should you experience hardships, you will be
Should + S + Vinf, S + Will +Vinf more mature.
If I were you, I would propose to her.
Đảo câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were + S + to + Vinf, S + would + Vinf → Were I you, I would propose to her.

Were + S + N/ Adj, S + would + Vinf If he had proposed to me, I would have said
Đảo câu điều kiện loại 3: “Yes”.

Had + S + PP, S + would have + PP

S + wish (es) + S + would/could + V1 → Had he proposed to me, I would have said

“Yes”.

She won’t come back here.
↔ I wish she would come back here.

S + wish (es) + S + V2/ed + ... (Tôi ước chi cô ấy sẽ quay lại đây)

I don’t have lots of money.
↔ I wish I could have lots of money.

S + Wish (es) + S+ had + PP (Tôi ước gì tơi có hật nhiều tiền)

I didn’t say that I love him.
↔ I wish I had said that I loved him.

If … not ⇔ Unless … (Tôi ước gì mình có thể nói rằng tơi u anh ấy)
S + have/has + V3/-ed
⇔ It has been + time + since + S + VQKĐ If it doesn’t rain, we can go picnic.
↔ Unless it rains, we can go picnic.

Huan and Vy have been married for 3 years.
↔ It’s been 3 years since Huan and Vy were
married.

S + have/has + NOT + V3/-ed + since/for I haven’t met Lucy since we left school.
↔ The last time I met Lucy was when we left
⇔ S + last + V2/-ed + in.../when.../ago school.
⇔ The last time + S + QKĐ + was in (at...)
(Lần cuối cùng tôi gặp Lucy là khi chúng tôi ra
was ... ago trường)

I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
↔ I last saw him when I was a student.

(Tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối khi tơi vẫn cịn là họcsinh)

S + V2/-ed + … Shawn started playing guitar since he was five.

⇔ S + have/has + been + V-ing + since/for ↔ Shawn has been playing guitar since he was
+ … five.

S + V + … + [thời gian] (Shawn đã chơi ghi-ta từ khi cậu ấy lên 5 tuổi)
⇔ It takes/took + someone + [thời gian] + Betty walks to school in 15 minutes.
to V
↔ It takes Betty 15 minutes to walk to school.
S + didn’t + V (bare) + …. until …
(Betty mất 15 phút để đi bộ tới trường)
⇔ It was not until + … + that + … Nam didn’t go home until he finishes all the tasks.

↔ It was not until Nam finished all the tasks that
he went home.

It’s one’s duty to do something (Mãi cho tới khi Nam hoàn thành xong hết mọi
cơng việc thì cậu mới về nhà)

It’s your duty to protect me.

⇔ S + be + supposed to do something ↔ You are supposed to protect me.

S + began/ started + V-ing/to V + time ago She began to learn English 4 years ago.

⇔ S + have/has + V3/-ed ↔ She has learned/ has been learning English for
have/has + been + Ving + since 4 years.
for
This is the first time I have watched this film.
This is the first time + S + have/has +
(ever) + V3/-ed ↔ I have never watched this film before.

⇔ S + have/has + never (not) + V3/-ed + (Tôi chưa bao giờ xem bộ phim này trước đây)
before

S + should/ought to/had better + V … You‘d better go to bed.
⇔ It’s (high/about) time + S + V2/-ed …
↔ It‘s (high/about) time you went to bed.
(Đã tới lúc con đi ngủ rồi đấy)

Shall we + V ⇔ S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
⇔ Let’s + V
⇔ How/What about + V-ing ⇔ In my opinion
⇔ Why don’t we + V
Hardly + had + S + V3/-ed when + S + As soon as I go home, he showed up.
V3/-ed ↔ Hardly had I gone home when he showed up.

⇔ No sooner + had + S + V3/-ed than + S ↔ No sooner had I gone home than he showed up.
+ V3/-ed (Ngay sau khi tơi về nhà thì anh ta xuất hiện)
S + prefer + Ving to Ving I prefer staying at home to hanging out with him.
↔ I would rather stay at home than hang out with
⇔ S + would rather + do st than do st him.
(Con thà ở nhà còn hơn đi chơi với hắn ta)
Chuyển đổi câu so sánh hơn thành so sánh Chuyển đổi câu so sánh bằng thành so sánh hơn và

nhất và ngược lại: ngược lại:

Ví dụ: In my opinion, Vietnam is the most Ví dụ: My cake isn’t as big as his cake.
beautiful country.
↔ In my opinion, no other place on earth ↔ His cake is bigger than my cake.
can be more beautiful than Vietnam.
S + would prefer + sb + to V I would prefer you not to stay up late.
↔ I would rather you not stayed up late.
⇔ S + would rather + sb + V2/-ed
(Mẹ khơng thích con thức khuya đâu)
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + V My dad turned off the TV so that we could sleep.
↔ My dad turned off the TV for us to sleep.
⇔ S + V + (for O) + to infinitive
(Cha tơi tắt TV để chúng tơi có thể ngủ)
S + be/V + adj/adv She runs quickly.
↔ How quickly she runs!
⇔ How + adj/adv + S + be/V (Cô ấy chạy nhanh quá)
S + be + adj She is so beautiful.
↔ What a beautiful girl!
⇔ What + a/an + adj + N (Quả là một người con gái xinh đẹp
Need to V You don’t need to come here.
⇔ to be necessary (for sb) + to V ↔ It’s not necessary for you to come here.
(Anh không cần phải đến đây đâu)
Not… anymore Ví dụ: I don’t love you anymore.
⇔ No longer + đảo ngữ ↔ No longer do I love you.
↔ I no more love you.
⇔ S + no more + V (Anh khơng cịn u em nữa)