8 unit 7 ((gv))

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UNIT 7: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

A. VOCABULARY
● New words (Từ mới)

Word Type Pronunciation Meaning
1. environment (n) /ɪnˈvaɪ.rnˈvaɪ.rənvaɪnˈvaɪ.r.rən.mənt/ môi trường
2. environmental (adj) /ɪnˈvaɪ.rnˌvaɪ.rənvaɪnˈvaɪ.r.rənˈvaɪ.rənmen.t̬əəl/ l/ (thuộc) môi trường
3. protection (v) /prəˈvaɪ.rəntek.ʃən/ən/ sự bảo vệ
4. serious (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rənsɪnˈvaɪ.rr.i.əs/ nghiêm trọng
5. pollution (n) /pəˈluː.ʃən/ sự ô nhiễm
6. water pollution (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənwɑː.t̬ɚəl/ pə pəˈluː.ʃən/ sự ô nhiễm nước
7. habitat (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənhæb.ə.tæt/ môi trường sống
8. quality (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənkwɑː.lə.t̬iəl/ / chất lượng
9. global warming (n) /ˌvaɪ.rənɡloʊ.bəl ˈw.bəl ˈvaɪ.rənwɔːr.mɪnˈvaɪ.rŋ/ sự nóng lên toàn cầu
10. species (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənspiː.siːz/ loài
11. dangerous (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rəndeɪnˈvaɪ.rn.dʒɚ pə.əs/ nguy hiểm
12. endangered (adj) /ɪnˈvaɪ.rnˈvaɪ.rəndeɪnˈvaɪ.rn.dʒɚ pəd/ bị đe dọa, có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
13. endangered species (n) /ɪnˈvaɪ.rnˈvaɪ.rəndeɪnˈvaɪ.rn·dʒərd ˈvaɪ.rənspi·ʃən/iz/ động vật sách đỏ
14. reduce (v) /rɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənduːs/ giảm bớt
15. carbon footprint (n) /ˌvaɪ.rənkɑːr.bən ˈvaɪ.rənfʊ.bəl ˈwt.prɪnˈvaɪ.rnt/ dấu chân cac-bon
16. oxygen (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənɑːk.sɪnˈvaɪ.r.dʒən/ khí oxy
17. carbon dioxide (n) /ˌvaɪ.rənkɑːr.bən daɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənɑːk.saɪnˈvaɪ.rd/ khí các bon đi ơ xít
18. device (n) /dɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənvaɪnˈvaɪ.rs/ thiết bị
19. single -use (adj) /ˌvaɪ.rənsɪnˈvaɪ.rŋ.ɡəlˈvaɪ.rənjuːs/ để sử dụng một lần
20. product (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənprɑː.dʌkt/kt/ sản phẩm
21. plastic (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rənplæs.tɪnˈvaɪ.rk/ làm bằng chất dẻo
22. plastic bag (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənplæs.tɪnˈvaɪ.rk bæɡ/ túi nhựa
23. plastic rubbish (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənplæs.tɪnˈvaɪ.rk ˈvaɪ.rənrʌkt/b.ɪnˈvaɪ.rʃən// rác thải nhựa
24. litter (v) /ˈvaɪ.rənlɪnˈvaɪ.rt̬.əl/ ɚ pə/ vứt rác, xả rác

25. volunteer (v) /ˌvaɪ.rənvɑː.lənˈvaɪ.rəntɪnˈvaɪ.rr/ tình nguyện, xung phong làm
26. plant (v) trồng
27. dump (v) /plænt/ đổ, vứt
28. waste (n) /dʌkt/mp/ chất thải
29. reuse (v) /weɪnˈvaɪ.rst/ tái sử dụng
30. recycle (v) /ˌvaɪ.rənriːˈjuːz/ tái chế
31. renewable (n) /ˌvaɪ.rənriːˈsaɪnˈvaɪ.r.kəl/ có thể tái tạo, phục hồi
32. renewable source (n) /rɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənnuː.ə.bəl/ nguồn tái tạo
/rɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənnuː.ə.bəl sɔːrs/

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. (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənneɪnˈvaɪ.r.bɚ pə.hʊ.bəl ˈwd/ láng giềng, vùng lân cận
33. neighbourhood (adj) /məˈvaɪ.rənriːn/ (thuộc) biển
34. marine (n) /məˈvaɪ.rənriːn laɪnˈvaɪ.rf/ hệ sinh thái nước
35. marine life (n) /ˈvaɪ.rəne.koʊ.bəl ˈwˌvaɪ.rənsɪnˈvaɪ.rs.təm/ hệ sinh thái
36. ecosystem (v) /əbˈvaɪ.rənzɔːrb/ thẩm thấu
37. absorb (n) /kənˈvaɪ.rənsɝːn/ vấn đề, sự liên quan, mối quan tâm
38. concern (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənsʌkt/bstəns/ chất
39. substance (v) /hɑːrm/ gây hại
40. harm (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənhɑːmfl ˈvaɪ.rənsʌkt/bstəns/ tác nhân gây hại
41. harmful substance (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənfɔːr.ɪnˈvaɪ.rst ɡɑːrd ˈvaɪ.rənjuː.nɪnˈvaɪ.rt/ đơn vị bảo vệ rừng
42. forest guard unit (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənkæmp.saɪnˈvaɪ.rt/ địa điểm cắm trại
43. campsite (n) /ˈkæmp.faɪr/ lửa trại
44. campfire (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rənkɑː.nɪnˈvaɪ.r.kəl/ hình nón
45. conical (n) /tɔːrˈvaɪ.rənneɪnˈvaɪ.r.doʊ.bəl ˈw/ bão táp, cơn lốc xoáy
46. tornado (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ sự tuyệt chủng, tuyệt diệt
47. extinction (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənmuːv.mənt/ cuộc vận động
48. movement (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənwaɪnˈvaɪ.rld.laɪnˈvaɪ.rf/ cuộc sống hoang dã
49. wildlife (adj) /dɪnˈvaɪ.rˈvaɪ.rənvɝːs/ đa dạng

50. diverse (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənkɔːr.əl/ san hô
51. coral (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənduːɡɑːŋ/ cá cúi, bò biển
52. dugong (adj) /məˈvaɪ.rəndɪnˈvaɪ.rs.ɪnˈvaɪ.r.nəl/ (thuộc) thuốc, dùng làm thuốc
53. medicinal (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənher.ɪnˈvaɪ.r.tɪn̬ˈəl/vaɪ.rdʒ/ di sản, sự thừa kế
54. heritage (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənriː.zɔːrs/ nguồn
55. resource (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rənnætʃən/.ɚ pə.əl/ (thuộc) tự nhiên, thiên nhiên
56. natural (adj) /ˈvaɪ.rənnæʃən/.nəl/ (thuộc) quốc gia
57. national (n) /ˈvaɪ.rənrez.ə.dənt/ người dân, dân cư
58. resident (n) /ˈvaɪ.rəntɑːk.sɪk/ chất độc
60. toxic (n) /əˈfekt/ sự ảnh hưởng
61. effect (adj) /əˈfek.tɪv/ có hiệu quả, tác dụng
62. effective (n) /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ sự tiêu thụ
63. consumption (adj) /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt/ độc lập, khơng phụ thuộc
64. independent

• Note: 3Rs stands for Reduce -Reuse -Recycle

● Structures (Cấu trúc)

No structures/ collocations/ idioms/ phrasal verb Meaning
1. Release into Thải ra, làm thoát ra
Ex: Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into Vd: Các nhà máy điện than thải ra khí lưu huỳnh đi
2. the atmosphere. ơ xít.
Turn off Tắt cái gì đó( tắt ti vi,tắt điện)
Ex: Please turn the television off before you go to bed. Vd: Hãy tắt ti vi trước khi bạn đi ngủ.)
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3. . Vứt cái gì khơng cần đi nữa
4. Throw away Vd: Tôi vứt cái đồng hồ báo thức đi bởi vì nó đã
5. Ex: I threw the alarm clock away because it had ngừng hoạt động khá lâu rồi.

6. stopped working. hình thức giao thơng
7. Form of transport Vd: Xe đạp là hình thức giao thơng xanh nhất.
8. Ex: Bicylce is the greenest form of transport. chặt cây, giảm bớt số lượng
9. Cut down Vd: Người nông dân cắt đi cây chuối già trong
Ex: The farmer cut down the old banana tree in the vườn.
garden. Nhặt cái gì, đón (ai)
Pick up Vd: Chúng tôi sẽ đi nhặt rác trong trong công viên
Ex: We are going to pick up rubbish in the central vào cuối tuần này.
park this weekend. Cung cấp cái gì cho ai
provide sth for sb Vd: Chính phủ phải cung cấp nhà tử tế cho người
Ex: The government must provide decent housing for nghèo.
the poor. Ngay khi
Right after Vd: Ngay khi con dọn phòng ngủ xong,con cần rửa
Ex: Right after you clean your bedroom, you need to chén.
wash the dishes. Nâng cao nhận thức
To raise awareness of Vd: Công viên quốc gia Côn Đảo giúp nâng cao
Ex: Con Dao national park helps raise the awareness nhận thức của cư dân địa phương về tầm quan
of local residents about the importance of nature. trọng của tự nhiên.
Tác động, ảnh hưởng lên cái gì
10. Effect on Vd: Ô nhiễm nước tác động có hại lên cuộc sống của
Ex: Water pollution has a harmful effect on our life. chúng ta.
Có hại cho
11. Be harmful to Vd: Ăn quá nhiều thức ăn nhanh có hại cho sức
1. Ex: Eating too much fast food is harmful to your khỏe của bạn.
health. Dồi dào, phong phú

12. Be rich in

▪ Word form:

Words Meaning Related words
1. pollution (n) sự ô nhiễm
2. movement (n) sự vận động polluted(adj) pollutant (n)
environmentalist(n) nhà môi trường học
4. produce (n) sản phẩm move(v)
5. industry (n) công nghiệp, kĩ nghệ
environment (n) environmental (adj)

product (n) production (n)

industrial (adj)

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. gây nguy hiểm endangered (adj) careless (adj)
6. endanger (v) sự quan tâm careful (adj) dangerously (adv)
7. care (n) sự nguy hiểm dangerous (adj)
8. danger (n)

B. GRAMMAR:
I. Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time. (Câu phức với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.)
1. Complex sentence (câu phức)
a. Định nghĩa: là câu có một mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Mệnh đề độc lập trong
câu là mệnh đề chính. Câu phức được sử dụng khi ta cần bổ sung thông tin để giải thích hoặc sửa đổi ý của
mệnh đề chính trong câu.
b. Ví dụ:
Ex1: I took my dog to the vet because he was feeling sick.
(Tơi đưa con chó của tơi đến bác sĩ thú y vì nó đang ốm.)

⇨ Mệnh đề chính: “I took my dog to the vet, mệnh đề phụ:” he was feeling sick” bổ nghĩa lý do tại sao”

tơi” phải đưa chó của mình đi khám.”
Ex2: After Mary ate snacks, she got a stomachache.
( Sau khi Mary ăn vặt, cô ấy đã bị đau bụng.)
⇨ Mệnh đề chính:” She got a stomachache”, mệnh đề phụ:” Mary ate snack” đã bổ nghĩa lý do tại sao” cô

ấy đau bụng.”
2. An adverb clause ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ)
a. Định nghĩa: Là mệnh đề có chức năng ngữ pháp của một trạng ngữ (bổ nghĩa cho một mệnh đề khác).
Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ được gọi là mệnh đề phụ (là những mệnh đề không diễn tả được một ý trọn vẹn và
khơng thể đứng độc lập.)
b. Ví dụ:
Ex: When I finish studying, I will go abroad. ( Khi tôi học xong, tơi sẽ ra nước ngồi.)
⇨ Nếu chỉ để mệnh đề trạng ngữ” When I finish studying”, thì câu sẽ khơng rõ nghĩa.

3. An adverb clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
a. Định nghĩa: là những mệnh đề bắt đầu bởi các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: while (trong khi, trong lúc),
when (vào lúc, khi), one, as soon as (ngay khi mà), till, until (cho đến khi), by the time, before (trước khi), after
(sau khi), since (kể từ khi), as long as, so long as ( chừng nào mà),…
b. Ví dụ:
Ex1: When Mark was 13 years old, he went to Korea.
(Khi Mark 13 tuổi, anh ấy đã đến Hàn Quốc.)
Ex2: I will phone you as soon as I finish my work.
(Tôi sẽ gọi cho bạn ngay khi tơi hồn tất cơng việc của mình.)

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Ex3: My father was talking on the phone while my mother was helping my sister with her homework.
(Bố tôi đang nói chuyện điện thoại trong khi mẹ tơi đang giúp em gái làm bài tập về nhà.)

c. Vị trí của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể được đặt ở đầu câu hoặc cuối câu. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian đặt đầu câu sẽ được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
Ex1: When Jennie was in Paris, she attended Paris Fashion Week.
(Khi Jennie đến Paris, cô ấy đã tham dự Tuần Lễ Thời Trang Paris.)
Ex2: He’ll wait here until she comes back. ( Anh ấy sẽ đợi ở đây cho đến khi cô ấy quay lại.)
d. Cách phối hợp động từ ở mệnh đề chính với trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

● Thì hiện tại đơn

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time
S + V (simple present)
S + V (s.future)/be going to when
after
before
as soon as
until

Examples:
- Andy will come soon. When he comes, we’ll see him.
- We’ll be able to leave for the station as soon as the bus arrives.
- Lisa will go to bed after she finishes her homework.

● Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Main clause conjunctions Adverb clause of time
S + V (present perfect)
S + V (s.future)/be going to after

Examples:

- John will go home after he has finished his work.
- Lan will work for her uncle’s company after she has graduated from college.

● Thì quá khứ đơn Conjunctions Adverb clause of time
Main clause when S + V (simple past)
until
S + V (simple past)
as soon as

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before
after

Examples:
- He said goodbye before he left.
- My father went home as soon as he finished work at the office.
- She cried after she received that award.

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time
S + V (simple past)
S + V (past continuous) when
Adverb clause of time
Examples: S + V (simple past)
- Lily was talking on the phone when Linda came.
- They were having dinner when he arrived. Adverb clause of time
S + V(simple past)
Main clause Conjunctions
S + V (present perfect) since Adverb clause of time

Examples: S + V(past continuous)
- I have played badminton since 7 years ago.
- They haven’t met Bob since we left school.

Main clause Conjunctions

S + V (past perfect) by the time
before

Examples:
- He had explained everything clearly by the time we started our project.
- I had left before he came.

● Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Main clause Conjunctions
S + V (past continuous) while

Examples:
- I was reading a book while my mother was cooking dinner.
- Peter and I were doing our homework while Alex and my brother were playing chess.

C. PHONICS: Sound /bl/ and /kl/
I. Cách phát âm

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● Âm/bl/ được tạo ra bởi 2 âm/b/ và /l/

- /b/: mím nhẹ hai mơi lại và nâng phần ngạc
mềm để chặn luồng hơi trong khoang miệng, rồi
mở miệng bật hơi từ phía trong ra. Khi phát âm,
dây thanh sẽ rung lên.
- /l/: để đầu lưỡi chạm vào lợi của hàm răng trê.
Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoảng trống
giữa lưỡi vá khoang miệng ra ngoài.
- Kết hợp từ âm/b/ sang âm/l/ chúng ta được
cụm phụ âm/bl/
• Âm /kl/ được kết hợp bởi 2 âm /k/ và /l/
- /k/: mở miệng, cuống lưỡi co lại, chạm vào
phần gạc mềm hay là phần trong cùng của vòm
miệng để chặn luồng khí trong miệng. Sau đó, bật
mạnh luồng khí ra khỏi miệng mà khơng làm
rung dây thanh trong cổ họng.
- /l/ để đầu lưỡi chạm vào lợi của hàm răng trên.
Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoảng trống
giữa lưỡi vá khoang miệng ra ngoài.
- Kết hợp từ âm/k/ sang âm/l/ chúng ta được cụm
phụ âm/kl/

II. sự khác nhau giữa /bl/ và/kl/

● Về mặt âm thanh: Sự khác biệt của cụm phụ âm /bl/ xuất phát từ sự khác biệt của vị trí mơi và lưỡi

khi bật hơi phát âm âm /b/ và /k/
- Khi phát âm âm /b/ chúng ta mím mơi nhẹ, cịn âm /k/ chúng ta cần mở miệng.
- Với âm /b/ chúng ta để lưỡi thả lỏng như bình thường, trong khi với âm /k/ chúng ta co cuống lưỡi

lại, chạm vào phần ngạc mềm để chặn luồng khí trong miệng.
- Phát âm âm /b/ làm rung dây thanh trong cổ họng nhưng âm /k/ thì khơng.

D. PRACTICE

A PHONICS

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Exercise 1. Read the following words and put them in the correct column.

/bl/ /kl/
- blue blossom black - circle clock classic
- table blink block - bicylce click clerk
- blank bleed blur blonde - class clown club close

Exercise 2. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.

1. A. rubbish B. product C. rubric D. cutting
2. A. pool B. footprint C. school D. tool
3. A. cooked B. accomplished C. hissed D. gained
4. A. warming B. protecting C. littering D. carbon
5. A. pause B. laugh C. clause D. cause
6. A. quality B. improve C. condition D. serious
7. A. species B. recycle C. ecosystem D. renewable
8. A. polluted B. reduced C. washed D. danced
9. A. pictures B. watches C. buses D. brushes
10. A. litters B. dreams C. belongs D. plants
11. A. reuses B. causes C. recycles D. changes

12. A. hour B. harmful C. honest D. exhibition
13. A. campsite B. plastic C. tornado D. land
14. A. entertain B. rain C. air D. train
15. A. produce B. pollute C. nature D. reduce
16. A. mention B. question C. action D. education
17. A. speech B. chatting C. cheer D. chemistry
18. A. unknown B. united C. universe D. university
19. A. end B. effect C. extinction D. upset
20. A. forest B. toxic C. resource D. coral

Exercise 3. Choose the word with a different stress pattern from the others.

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. B. entertainment C. invironment D. information
1. A. conversation B. habitat C. quality D. protection
2. A. serious B. species C. device D. reuse
3. A. reduce B. absorb C. concern D. marine
4. A. product B. tornado C. ecosystem D. renewable
5. A. recycle B. dugong C. resource D. effect
6. A. coral B. wildlife C. toxic D. campfire
7. A. diverse B. conical C. extinction D. heritage
8. A. movement B. protect C. substance D. plastic
9. A. mission B. dangerous C. neighbourhood D. endangered
10. A. oxygen B. participate C. interaction D. conditional
11. A. environment B. volunteer C. dioxide D. surrounding
12. A. medicinal B. global C. carbon D. release
13. A. litter B. suffer C. study D. differ
14. A. enjoy B. geography C. experience D. preparation
15. A. apology

Exercise 4.Underline the duster /bl/ and double underline the duster /kl/ in the following sentence then read
aloud the sentences.
1. I went for a walk around the block.
2. Cats are very clean animals.
3. The teacher blamed me for the accident.
4. My father usually has a cup of black coffee for breakfast.
5. He was climbing up the wall.
6. Today she is wearing a white silk blouse.
7. Is our hotel close to the beach?
8. If you can't answer the question, leave a blank.
9. His eyes were bright blue.
10. I went to the table tennis club yesterday.
11. Mai and Phong are in the same class.
12. Do you like classical music?
13. The apple tree is covered in blossom.
14. He became completely blind after the car accident.
15. She works as a clerk in an office.
16. She has long blonde hair.
17. It’s difficult to buy this black blender here.
18. Spring is the best time to see bluebells in blossom

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

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Exercise 1. Look at the pictures and write the name of the activities.

ecosystem harmful substance 3Rs plastic rubbish
carbon footprint single-use tree planting endangered species
marine life extinction industrial waste dumping site

lock blossom

link bleed classic

lass club 2. carbon
footprint
own close

1. endangered species 3. single-use 4. ecosystem

5. harmful substance 6. marine life 7. extinction 8. 3Rs

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. 10. industrial waste 11. dumping site 12. plastic
9. tree planting rubbish

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the words in exercise 1

1. They are trying to protect endangered species such as saolas, dugongs, lynxes, wolfs and several species
of the vulture.

2. Industrial waste is one of the causes of air pollution.
3. Tree planting improves wildlife habitat connectivity, supports biodiversity and and removes harmful

pollutants from the air.

4. An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction.
5. Science tells us that healthy ecosystems provide humans with things like food, clean water, clean air,

and protection from natural disasters.
6. We should all go green by practising the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle, which is always encouraged by

environmentalists.
7. A harmful substance is anything that is contaminated and threatens the safe of man. It can be in the

form of food, water, drugs, fruits, ect…
8. Volunteers gather garbage and plastic rubbish for recycling.
9. Although single-use plastic products are convenient, they are detrimental to the environment.
10. A dumping site is a ground for the disposal of waste materials.
11. Marine life means any type or species of saltwater fish, shellfish, mollusks, coral, or other marine

animals.
12. Carbon footprint is a term that represents the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)

released into the atmosphere.
Exercise 3. Match the words in column A to the correct meanings in column B.

A B
1. habitat A. a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning

2. medicinal cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground.
B. to sort and collect rubbish in order to treat it and produce useful materials
3. tornado
that an be used again.
4. extinction C. a type of animal or plant that might stop existing because there are only a
5. pollution few of that type alive

6. global warming D. the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives
7. resident
8. renewable E. used to cure illnesses
F. including many different types of people or things.
G. related to the sea or sea transport
H. a situation in which something no longer exists.

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. I. damage caused to water, air, ect by harmful substances or waste.
9. diverse J. a person who lives or has their home in a place.
10. recycle K. a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature generally due to the
11. endangered species
greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and
12. marine other pollutants.
L. are natural ones such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always
avaiable.

1. 2.E 3.A 4.H 5.I 6. K 7.J 8. L 9. F 10.B 11. 12.
D CG
Exercise 4.
Complete

1. To save our earth, I use cloth bags for shopping, not ________ ones.

A. green B. paper C. cheap D. plastic

2. In my family, we put food waste and objects for ________ in different bins.

A. using B. recycling C. toys D. reducing

3. An example of _________ is the forest in which all the plants and animals work toform a suitable habitat

for all.

A. habitat B. area C. ecosystem D. condition

4. ________ should be far from residential areas.

A. Plastic rubbish C. Industrial waste

B. Dumping sites D. Forests

5. Our project aims to promote the ________ to make our planet Earth healthy.

A. 3Rs B. pollution C. industry D. reduction

6. To help save the environment, look for ________ products when you go shopping.

A. eco-friendly B. cheap C. single-use D. plastic

7. ________ unwanted paper will reduce the raw material demand for paper production.

A. Throwing away B. Recycling C. Burning D. Collecting

8. Please put rubbish into dust bins instead of ________ the streets.

A. cleaning B. dirty C. dropping D. littering

9. You can learn to appreciate the ________ around you by participating in outdooractivities.

A. natural resources C. trees

B. habitat D. endangered species

10. We organise a Clean and Grow Day each month to make our neighbourhood a ______ place to live.

A. spacious B. friendly C. convenient D. urban

11. Water ________ can kill a lot of water life like fish and plants.

A. pollution B. use C. source D. supply

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12. The factory dumps a lot of ________ into the river and pollutes it.

A. materials B. products C. rubbish D. water

13. Saving energy reduces air pollution and greenhouse gases. The less we pollute our environment, the

more we ______ global warming.

A. develop B. endanger C. prevent D. damage

14. When the earthquake happened, the children ________ a picnic at the campsite.

A. had B. were having C. are having D. would have

15. Scientists are developing better systems to make ________ about natural disasters.

A. warnings B. predictions C. advices D. notices

16. The teacher was correcting our papers ________ we were drawing our illustrations.

A. though B. as soon as C. before D. while

17. The environment becomes helpless in protecting us if we disturb its natural ________ and force it to

harm us.

A. cycle B. event C. arrangement D. agreement

18. _________is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth’s surface because of greenhouse effect.

A. Global warming B. Climate change C. Natural habitats D. Extreme weather

19. We can raises awareness ______protecting environment by using social media.

A. from B. on C. for D. of

20. Do you think we are doing enough to _______wild animals?

A. prevent B. protect C. promote D. predict

21. Many ______ species have been saved thanks to community efforts.

A. dangerous B. endangered C. generous D. natural

22. Air pollution is a ________ problem in many major cities.

A. practical B. global C. endangered D. serious

23. Environmental pollution is becoming an ________serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon

as possible.

A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased

24. Awareness of environmental damage from ______________ bags is growing.

A. simple-use B. single-uses C. single-use D. single-used

25. They announced an analys is of the carbon ______________ of leading companies.

A. spaces B. contents C. emissions D. footprints

26. The CCTV cameras are intended to reduce ______________ in the area.

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. B. emptiness C. littering D. dropping
A. untidiness

27. She studies mountain gorillas in their natural______________.

A. habitual B. habitat C. living D. place

28. This region is the ______________ of many species of wild flowers.

A. home B. house C. household D. homework

29. The restaurant has a ______________ menu that includes dishes from all over the world.

A. different B. various C. diverse D. diversity

30. ______________ in the area includes deer, bears, and eagles.

A. Wildfire B. Wild life C. Wildly D. Wildlife

31. Their main goal is to promote environmental______________.

A. loss B. problem C. issue D. protection

32. Unfortunately, fertilizers from surrounding farmland has reduced the _________ life.

A. marine B. sea C. water D. lake

33. They were fined for illegally ______________ waste into the river.

A. treating B. dumping C. dealing with D. creating

34. The air becomes polluted ________ we release too much carbon dioxide into it.

A. before B. while C. until D. when

35. How long did the villagers have to wait ________ the rescue team arrived?

A. while B. before C. after D. as soon as

36. ________ my family applied the Save Our Energy rules, our monthly use of electricitywent down.

A. Until B. After C. While D. Till

37. You can’t camp here ________ you get a permit from the local authorities.

A. until B. when C. after D. as soon as

38. ________ we put dustbins in public places, we saw the difference. There was muchless littering.

A. While B. As soon as C. Till D. Before

39. Toxic waste from nuclear plants is hazardous to the environment. What is the closest word of the

underlined word?

A. troublesome B. poisonous C. grievous D. panic

40. Many wildlife animals are highly endangered these days. What is the opposite word of the underlined

word?

A. at risk B. recommended C. safe D. expensive

41. I will call you before I _______ over.

A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. came

42. After she graduates, she ________ a job.

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A. got B. will get C. had got D. get
D. see
43. When I ________ him tomorrow, I will ask him. D. stopped
D. leaves
A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. to see

44. As soon as it _______ raining, we will leave.

A. stops B. stop C. had stop

45. By the time he comes, we will have already _________.

A. leave B. leaving C. left

46. The next time I go to New York, I am going _________ a ballet.

A. seeing B. see C. saw

47. - There was no death in the flood yesterday. - ____________

A. That’s shocking! B. Oh, man! C. How crazy! D. That’s a relief!

48. - What do you mean by ‘single-use’? - ________
A. Be used once only and then thrown away.

B. I will recycle single-use things.
C. I rarely use this word.
D. It’s an adjective.

49. - __________________________

- It’s a place where a type of plant or animal lives.

A. Could you show me the zoo? C. What does ‘habitat’ mean?

B. What makes up a habitat? D. Have you ever visited a habitat?

50. What can you do to help protect the environment? - _________________

A. I support environmental protection.

B. Reduce, reuse, and recycle.

C. I’ve tried to learn about environmental protection.

D. It’s important we do.

Exercise 5. Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words in each of the following
sentences.

1. Air pollution is a major cause of diseases or even lung cancer.

A. reason B. right C. action D. damage

2. It is found that endangered species are often concentrate in areas that are poor and densely populted,

such as much of Asia and Africa.

A. disappeared B. threatened C. increased D. reduced

3. Many schools provide environment education to raise student’s awareness of conservation needs.

A. effort B. benefit C. exploitation D. knowledge

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4. With its various activities, the Camp has set up a stronger regional identity by raising youth’s

awareness of Southeast Asia’s history and heritage.

A. heredity B. tradition C. culture D. bequest

5. Elephants will become extinct if man continues killing them.

A. die out B. die down C. die of D. die away

6. She is eighteen, so by law her father cannot prevent her marriage.

A. fail B. defeat C. avoid D. forestall

7. When the laser strikes the chemicals, it releases a form of oxygen that kills cancer cells.

A. contains B. vaporizes C. gives out D. omits

8. Don't be concerned about your mother's illness; she’ll recover soon.

A. surprised at B. worried about C. embarrassed at D. angry with

9. The air is naturally polluted by foreign matter such as plant pollens and dust.

A. contaminated B. occupied C. filled D. concentrated

10. It was great to see monkeys in their natural habitat.

A. sky B. home C. forest D. land

11. The ecosystem in Con Dao National Park is very varied with thousans of species, including marine

animals

A. portable B. diverse C. familiar D. durable

Exercise 6. Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words in each of the following
sentences.

1. There is growing concern about the way man has destroyed the environment.

A. attraction B. speculation C. ease D. consideration

2. Pure water is often a fairly rare commodity that requires significant energy to produce.

A. Contaminated B. Clean C. Unadulterated D. Flawless

3. Walking or cycling is a counterpro-ductive way to reduce your carbon footprint.

A. desolate B. unproductive C. barren D. effective

4. The new laws to conserve wildlife in the area will come into force next month.

A. pollute B. destroy C. eliminate D. protect

5. Toxic waste from nuclear plants is hazardous to the environment.

A. safe B. poisonous C. grievous D. panic

6. He didn't seem in the least concerned for her safety.

A. passionate B. ready C. indifferent D. stolen

7. What would happen to man's health if the water rsources were polluted?

A. refined B. contaminated C. destroyed D. poisoned

8. His policies were beneficial to the economy as a whole.

A. good B. crude C. harmful D. harmless

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9. We should reduce the comsumption of single-use products like plastic bottles and bags.

A. unrecyclable B. multipurpose C. non-returnable D. disposable

10. Cutting trees and burning forests destroy a lot of wildlife habitats.

A. Reducing B. Decreasing C. Carving D. Planting

11. Many wildlife animals are highly endangered these days.

B. at risk B. recommended C. safe D. expensive

Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

ecosystem global loss renewable
habitat environment harmful substances wildlife

1. People were concerned that pets or wildlife could be affected by the pesticides.
2. Our planet earth has a natural environment, known as ecosystem, which includes all humans, plant

life, mountains, atmosphere, rocks, galaxy, massive oceans, and seas.
3. Water pollution occurs when harmful substance - often chemicals or microorganisms -pollute a body

of water.
4. The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest.
5. The probable result of global warming will be a rise in sea levels.

6. The two most common renewable energy sources used today are wind and solar, but others will
become more common in the near future.

7. The government told that they would do more to protect the environment.
8. Many endangered species are at risk of disappearing due to habitat loss and illegal hunting.

Exercise 8.Complete the sentences with the words given.

protection littering corals species ecosystem
pollution habitat diversity footprint loss

1. Pollution can have serious effects on the balanced ecosystem.

2. Businesses have a major role in environmental protection.

3. With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.

4. The sea turtle is an endangered species.

5. Habitat loss is occurring all around the world, and it’s damaging or destroying ecosystems.

6. The company says it is responsible for the pollution in the river.

7. Flying is the biggest contribution to our carbon footprint.

8. About 60-70 per cent of corals growing close to the shore were broken and carried ashore.

9. He got a ticket and was fined for littering.

10. The project has tried to maintain the biological diversity of this rainforest.

Exercise 9.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given.

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. raise practise play turn off

reduce avoid volunteer save pick up
release

1. We all need to do our part to save the planet.
2. Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
3. Please turn off the television before you go to bed.
4. The factory had released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.
5. By practising the 3 Rs, we can save resources for the future, and reduce the amountof waste.
6. They will require car makers to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.
7. I volunteered to help clean up the beach last week.
8. The volunteers tried to pick up litter on the rivers.
9. The campaign has succeeded in raising public awareness of the issue.
10. Schools play an important role in society.

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences using the Simple Future tense form of the verbs.
1. While I (study) was studying for my exam, my roommate was playing music loudly in the next room.
2. After I (complete) have completed my work, I will go for a relaxing walk in the park.
3. As soon as the taxi (arrive) arrives, they will be able to leave for the airport.
4. Lan and Mai will go to bed after they (finish) finish their work.
5. Ken is going to wait right here until Jessica (come) comes.
6. The last time that I went to Korea, I (visit) visited Namsan Tower.
7. Bill will get home at 5:30. After he gets home, I (have) will have dinner.
8. As soon as he finished the article, he (punish) published it.
9. While I was going to school, I (meet) met my friend.
10. I (work) have worked here since I graduated
Exercise 11 .Complete each sentence with a word or a phrase from the box.

extinction environmental issue
bargain

natural disaster shopping list

1. You should make a shopping list before you do your shopping.

2. Since the Industrial Revolution, waste has been a major environmental issue everywhere.

3. People bargain a lot at a village market.

4. An endangered species is a plant, animal or other organism that is threatened by extinction

5. - What natural disaster involves rocks and mud coming down hills or mountains?

- It’s a landslide.
Exercise 12.Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. (Before / When / While) she is ready, we will leave.
2. I’ll send you a text message (until / as soon as / before) I hear from Nam.

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3. (Before / After / While) she goes, she will turn off all the computers.
4. I’ll go online (while / as soon as / until) I get home.
5. (After /Before/ While) we receive your confirmation email, we will send you a link to download the

programme.
6. I have to wait (while / before / until) my mum comes home.
7. (Before / Until / When) Mr. Tan phones, please let me know.
8. Let’s play with the children (after / until / while) it is time to go.
9. He will send them an email (before/ until / as soon as) he arrives in London.
10. I will give you my reply (before / by / this time) I leave this afternoon

11. I’ll stay here (while / before/ until) Jack gets back and we’ll go together.
12. (When / Before / Until) you read his stories, you know that he’s a good writer.
13. You are too young to understand. I will explain it to you (when / before / while) you are older.
14. The children will want to go swimming (before / as soon as / until) they see the river.
15. The plane won’t take off (after / until / while) the clouds go off.
16. He will give you a job (when / before / until) you have enough qualifications.
17. I will finish my homework (before / until / as soon as) my father arrives home late this evening.
18. I will do the next task (as soon as / before / by the time) I have finished the first one.
19. Mother to her son: I won’t let you watch TV (before / when / until) you finish your homework.
20. He usually surfs the Internet on his smartphone (before / after / while) he is waiting for the bus.
Exercise 13.Match the clauses in the two columns to form complex sentences.

1. I'll phone you when A. when you see him - he looks so different.
2. I want to see Mai B. when she got the job.
3. I'll tell you about our holiday C. when someone phones me.
4. You won’t recognise him D. when I come back.
5. We must do something before E. until the weather is nice.
6. You’ll feel better F. I get home from school.
7. I felt surprised G. until you are ready - 1 can’t go without you.
8. We have to wait here H. before she goes out.
9. Take a message I. it is too late.
10. I will wait J. when you have had something to eat.

● Your answer:

1.F 2.H 3.D 4.A 5.I 6.J 7.B 8.E 9.C 10.G

Exercise 14. Fill in each blank with a correct preposition.
1. We need to raise awareness of environment problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.
2. Pollution can have serious effects on the balance of ecosystem.

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3. People are becoming more aware of environmental issues.
4. The new road will cause a loss in the beauty of landscape.
5. Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.
6. Technology is already playing a key role in environmental protection.
7. There is a nice play area for the children.
8. The regions are home to bears and mountain lions.
9. I’d like to emphasise the importance of protecting endangered species.
10. Toxic chemicals continue to be dumped into the river.
11. Orange juice is rich in vitamin C.
12. The pools provide a rich habitat for water plants.
13. Americans throw away twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.
14. Sometimes toxic substances flow into river from factories.
15. The volunteers have provided free food and fresh water for homeless people since yesterday.
Exercise 15. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The river is heavily polluted (POLLUTE)
2. Everybody can do something to make our neighbourhood green. (NEIGHBOUR)
3. Could your group do a presentation on what we students can do to protect our environment?

(ENVIRONMENTAL)
4. Last night I watched a documentary about some endangered species in Asia. (ENDANGER)
5. The factory dumps its industrial waste right into the river without treating. (INDUSTRY)
6. The music club made so much noise that the residents complained to its owner. (RESIDE)
7. Are all types of pollution harmful to the health of humans and animals? ( HARM)
8. The environmentalists are concerned about the oil spills in the East Sea. (ENVIRONMENT)
9. If we use water carefully, more people will have fresh water. (CARE)
10. You should never buy products made from endangered animals. ( PRODUCE)

11. A new series of educational programmes shows the importance of wildlife to humans. (IMPORTANT)
12. Animals should be kept in their natural habitats. (NATURE)
13. Earth Hour has grown to become an international movement for the environment. (MOVE)
14. We think it’s very dangerous that you’re climbing the mountain alone. (DANGER)
15. The ecosystem in Con Dao National Park is very diverse with thousands of species. ( DIVERSITY)
16. This law provides protection for threatened animals and plants. (PROTECT)

Exercise 16. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. I cycle or walk to school every day instead of let my father drive me there. (🡪 letting)

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