Psy fp7210 waltonbeverly assessment 4 1 1

<span class="text_page_counter">Trang 1</span><div class="page_container" data-page="1">

Adult Development Case and Interventions of George Beverly Walton

PSY-FP7210 – Lifespan Development Adult Development Case and Intervention Analysis

Capella University September 2020

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 2</span><div class="page_container" data-page="2">

<b>Adult Development and Case Analysis of George</b>

George is a 76 year old Caucasian male that lives in the suburbs with his wife of 50 years. He reports that his body no longer works the way it used to. George is struggling with some memory loss and increased hearing loss. As stated by Broderick & Blewitt (2020) People at this stage may be quite distressed by their memory loss, perhaps even paranoid if they frequently cannot remember what they have done or where they have put things. He is being treated for high blood pressure, has on-going back issues and is also a current smoker. George is having difficulty with walking due to back surgery and it has resulted in instability and he is using a cane. He also is experiencing insomnia and is often awake well into the morning hours. George recently retired after a 50 year career in the water treatment field as well as a Police Chief in his hometown. He values work ethic and was never absent from work throughout his career. He passed that on to his children and grandchildren and they value a good work ethic as well. George spent approximately 5 years in the army and served in the Vietnam war. He rarely spoke of his time in battle but has recently being opening up more about his experiences. He is unable to watch war movies and has exhibits signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) but denies it. As stated by Cook, McCarthy, & Thorp (2017) PTSD is by all accounts an under-perceived and under-treated condition in older individuals. George has never utilized the Veteran’s

administration (VA) for any healthcare issues, he thinks this should be reserved for the younger generation that has spent time in Iraq and Afghanistan. He also does not always take advantage of the military discount unless encouraged by his family. He has 2 daughters, 3 grandchildren and 5 great grandchildren. According to Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker and Garbinsky (2013). Dealing with kids is an exceptionally pertinent movement, since individuals associate parenthood with individual satisfaction however it frequently requires devoting oneself and dedicating themselves

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 3</span><div class="page_container" data-page="3">

to caring for children. He is still active but is starting to slow down. According to Broderick, & Blewitt, (2020) By late adulthood, the losses are usually noticeable and have required some adjustment in expectations or lifestyle. George’s development from early to late adulthood has been normal with a decrease in physical performance, wrinkling of skin and greying of hair.

<b>Social and Cultural Impacts </b>

George recently retired and is getting used to being home daily. He appears to be struggling with some depression and potential loneliness. As per Wang, Du, Li and Qiu (2019) Several population based studies have detailed an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment related with a history of depression. His wife is retired and although they live together he may be missing the comradery of going to working and interacting with his

employees. George is also very concerned about some end of life issues. He states he does not want to be a burden to his family and wants to be put in a nursing home should he becomes incapability of participating in his self-care. Elders that are placed in nursing homes are

vulnerable to elder abuse and therefore that should be discussed with him. He also expresses his desire that his family not have a funeral but yet a celebration. George said he does not want to inconvenience others with a funeral and feels that you can visit and pay your respects while he is still living. He is concerned with financial issues that may occur with being retired and

collecting social security. George feels that the society today does not value their elders as they did when he growing up. This could effect is current thinking of being a burden to his family. Socially the world is very different from when he was a child. Culturally he feels that death is a natural transition and something he does not fear. He as also expressed his desire to die when he is ready. George speaks about his right to die. He would like to die when his quality of life is poor and his loss of independence or ability is decreased. He is concerned with the

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 4</span><div class="page_container" data-page="4">

discrimination and stereotyping due to his advanced age. George is exploring is new stage of life in his retirement. At this stage elderly individuals don’t interact with people much, as they are not interested in going out much.

<b>Lifespan Development Theories</b>

<b> George is currently in late adulthood. According to Erikson he is in the Integrity vs Despair </b>

stage, this stage starts at 65 and goes through death. During this stage individuals tend to slow down and be less productive. The most important part of this stage is that coming to accept one’s whole life and reflecting on it in a positive manner. Achieving a sense of integrity means fully accepting one self and preparing or coming to terms with death. Most individuals that have success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, fulfillment and completeness. Adults that carry a sense of regret or feeling that they had missed opportunities or bad decisions tend to fear death. As adults reach this stage they often have the task of analyzing what they have accumulated and decide who gets it after their death.

Kohlberg’s moral puts George in stage 6. This stage states that individuals have reached a point and developed an ethical code built on principals, rights and fairness. At this stage George does not have to worry about laws as he automatically falls in line with laws that are just. His behavior is always based on what is right, expected and legal.

Baltes’ development across the lifespan includes gains and losses. With age some capabilities become more refined while others decline such as reaction time. George is currently dealing with loss and a gradual decline of health. Deteriorating cognitive ability also is taking place, this reflects declining health. Social, culture and economic influences can change the path of

development.

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 5</span><div class="page_container" data-page="5">

Disengagement theory was developed by Cummings and Henry. This stage of ageing claims that people have decreased interactions. It is said that this stage is natural and acceptable for the elderly. Disengagement differs between men and woman as a man’s central work is instrumental role in the world. Due to George retiring and leaving his central role in the workplace he is leaving his social status and therefore withdrawing from a particular part of his life. When retiring from worke individuals may experience loss of social interactions and self-satisfaction. He no longer needs to go to work and it could cause inactivity daily. George struggles with walking and with retirement he will no longer be on the move. His energy might decrease and his health will suffer. George will need to stay active and set some personal goals to make up for the loss of previous goals and activities that he participated in while working. Disengagement can have a detrimental effect on George’s life and his health problems may also interfere with the quality of life as well. Social, environmental and financial resources can also be impactful.

<b>Interventions </b>

<b> Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that allows individuals to identify </b>

and develop skills to change negative thoughts. Although the elderly population are reluctant to seek mental health treatment they may be open to this type of psychotherapy. If George were to change his negative thoughts he could change his awareness of pain and develop healthy coping skills. His pain causes stress and frustration and stress affect pain control chemical in the brain. According to Zis, Daskalaki, Bountouni, Sykioti, Varrassi, & Paladini, A. (2017) CBT has exhibited clinical advantage for both depression and pain.This type of therapy also helps older people with depression, anxiety and insomnia. CBT will allow George to understand that he cannot control every aspect of the world but it he can control how he reacts to it. The difficulty

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 6</span><div class="page_container" data-page="6">

for George will be change. Older adults are set in their ways and thus CBT will adjust his thinking and responses and he may have some difficulty with that.

Life review and reminiscence therapy allows the senior population to look at their life with fresh eyes. They are able to recollect what life has taught them. George would be able to reflect on how their children, spouse, work and even enemies have affected their journey through life. When they review and reflect on their journey they may feel a higher self-satisfaction. This would be beneficial for George as he will be more connected with his past and they are able to be more connected to the present.

Social support therapy allows participants to have adequate social support. According to Gardiner, Geldenhuys, & Gott (2018). Loneliness and social isolation are major problems for older adults. It helps people connect to others and feel understood and cared for. This type of therapy is will help to build and maintain social relationships. These types of relationships will have a huge impact on the elderly’s overall health and wellness. Participating in a social support group will allow individuals to have a sense of purpose and give them something to look forward to. Social support therapy helps to ward off isolation, loneliness and helps them maintain their independence.

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would also be an intervention that could be beneficial for George. This type of therapy helps reduces the impact of trauma. As per

Cook, McCarthy, & Thorp (2017) EMDR treatment improved PTSD, diminished PTSD indications, and decreased other trauma related manifestations. George struggles with PTSD from his military career, EMDR would allow him to identity and process his experiences. While this type of therapy can trigger some memories that have been suppressed, the individual will feel secure during the process and ultimately end with a sense of stability and security

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 7</span><div class="page_container" data-page="7">

Ageing is the process of getting older. With the elderly that leads to the deterioration of a number of mechanisms both physical and cognitive. Elderly need to be pro-active and utilize their autonomy by adapting to the changes and participating in therapy to assist and help with such changes. When they are start being unable to participate in activities that they once enjoyed can take a toll on their health. George’s chronic pain and health issues could make him feel like a burden to his family, it can also make him resent his current life. Interventions will play an increasing important role in the elderly population. Psychotherapies will assist in the reduction of pain management, disability, and adherence to medical regimens. Due to the stress that the elderly experience the interventions mentioned will develop and strengthen coping mechanisms and reinforce health promoting behaviors. The aforementioned interventions will be beneficial for George to allow for less stress, pain and remaining active and socially connected. Some interventions that promote engagement within the community would also help form new social networks which could eliminate isolation and decrease depressive symptoms. Working with a therapist to help with isolation, depression, PTSD as well as physical and cognitive changes will allow George to maintain a healthy emotional and physical well-being and have a successful retirement. He would also be able to look back and reflect on the wonderful life he has experienced and make new connections for the new stage of life he is currently in.

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 8</span><div class="page_container" data-page="8">

<i>Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2020). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education</i>

Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Aaker, J. L., & Garbinsky, E. N. (2013). Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 505– 516.

Cook, J. M., McCarthy, E., & Thorp, S. R. (2017). Older adults with PTSD: Brief state of

<i>research and evidence-based psychotherapy case illustration. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(5), 522-530. </i>

Gardiner, C., Geldenhuys, G., & Gott, M. (2018). Interventions to reduce social isolation and

<i>loneliness among older people: An integrative review. Health & Social Care in the </i>

<i>Community, 26(2), 147-157. doi:10.1111/hsc.12367</i>

Wang, Y., Du, Y., Li, J., & Qiu, C. (2019). Lifespan intellectual factors, genetic susceptibility,

<i>and cognitive phenotypes in aging: Implications for interventions. Frontiers in Aging </i>

<i>Neuroscience, 11, 129. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00129</i>

Zis, P., Daskalaki, A., Bountouni, I., Sykioti, P., Varrassi, G., & Paladini, A. (2017). Depression and chronic pain in the elderly: Links and management challenges. Clinical

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 9</span><div class="page_container" data-page="9">

<i>Interventions in Aging, 12, 709-720. </i>

doi: