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<b>Bài tập câu điều kiện tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 101. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện trong Tiếng AnhCâu điều kiện loại 0</b>
<b>Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + V/V(s/es)</b>
<b>Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc ln đúng, một chân lý.</b>
<i>Ví dụ: - If you heat the ice, it melts. (Nếu bạn làm nóng băng, nó sẽ tan chảy.)</i>
Đây là một sự thật hiển nhiên, luôn luôn đúng nên ta sẽ sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 0để nói.
<b>Câu điều kiện loại 1</b>
<b>Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + will + V(nguyên thể)</b>
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề “If” ta chia thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và mệnh đề chínhta chia thì tương lai đơn.
<b>Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương</b>
<i>Ví dụ: - If she comes, I will go with her. (Nếu cô ấy đến, tôi sẽ đi với cô ấy)</i>
Ta hiểu rằng “hiện tại cô ấy vẫn chưa đến”, và ta cũng không biết được rằng cơ ấy cóđến hay khơng (hồn tồn có thể xảy ra).
Vì vậy giả định “nếu cơ ấy đến” là một giả định hồn tồn có thể xảy ra nên ta sửdụng câu điều kiện loại 1.
<b>Câu điều kiện loại 2</b>
<i><b>Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/cột 2, S + would/should + V(nguyên thể)</b></i>
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 2</span><div class="page_container" data-page="2">Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “IF” chia thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN và động từ trongmệnh đề chính ta sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + động từ nguyên thể.
<b>Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc</b>
tương lai.
<i>Ví dụ: - If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world. (Nếu bây</i>
giờ họ có nhiều tiền, họ sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)
Ta thấy có thời gian ở hiện tại là “now” (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng “bây giờ họ khơng cónhiều tiền” nên mới đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loạiII để diễn đạt một giả định về một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.
<b>CHÚ Ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, nếu mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “to be” ở thì</b>
quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ sử dụng “to be” là “were” với tất cả các ngơi.
<i>Ví dụ: - If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ở</i>
nhà bây giờ.)
Ta thấy chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “If” là “I” nhưng ta vẫn sử dụng động từ “to be” là“were” vì trong câu điều kiện loại II này “to be” chia quá khứ là “were” với tất cả cácchủ ngữ.
<b>Câu điều kiện loại 3</b>
<i><b>Cấu trúc: If + S + had + VpII, S + would/should + have + vpII</b></i>
Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề “If” chia thì Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH, vàđộng từ trong mệnh đề chính sẽ sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + have + VpII.
<b>Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.</b>
Ví dụ: - If she had told me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her. (Nếu cơ ấynói với tơi sự thật ngày hôm qua, tôi đã giúp cô ấy rồi.)
Xem thêm: Câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 3</span><div class="page_container" data-page="3"><b>2. Bài tập câu điều kiện thi vào 10Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form</b>
1. If I (find) ______ a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
2. If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I ____ (climb) the tree
3. Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I ____ (have) a car, I would drive4. He might get rid of his cough if he _____ (not smoke) so much
5. She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she had paid the fine, she _____ (not be) sent to prison
6. The job is much worse than I expected. If I ____ (realize) how awful it was going tobe I wouldn’t have accepted it
7. Provided you remember the password, you __ (be) in no danger.
8. I will lend you my radio as long as you _____ (bring) it back before Sunday9. We would have gone to the talk if we _____ (know) about it
10. I ____ (buy) those shoes if I were you.
<b>Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:</b>
1. If I had free time, I _____ some shopping with youA. did
B. will doC. would do
D. would have done
2. Unless she ____, she will be late for school
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 4</span><div class="page_container" data-page="4">A. hurriedB. hurriesC. will hurryD. is hurrying
3. I would have given him this present, if I ___ himA. had meet
B. had metC. meetD. met
4. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary?A. stole
B. have stolenC. were to stealD. steal
5. If he ____ the truth, the police wouldn’t have arrest himA. tells
B. toldC. had toldD. would tell
6. If you press that button, what ______?A. would happen
B. would have happenedC. will happen
D. happen
7. If my mother ____ me up, I will catch the bus
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 5</span><div class="page_container" data-page="5">A. doesn’t pickB. didn’t takeC. not pickD. hadn’t picked
8. If the weather is nice, I ____ for a walkA. will go
B. go
C. would go
D. would have gone
9. ____________, the accident would not have happened yesterdayA. If Nam drives more carefully
B. If had Nam driven more carefullyC. Had Nam driven more carefully
D. Unless Nam had driven more carefully
10. I’d give up my job if I ____ a big prize in a lotteryA. win
B. wonC. had wonD. would won
<b>Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the </b>
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 6</span><div class="page_container" data-page="6"><b>Exercise 4: Underline the correct words.</b>
If it rains/ will rain tomorrow, we won’t go for a picnic.
1. Will you write to me if I give/ will give you my email address?
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 7</span><div class="page_container" data-page="7">2. If we win / will win this match, we’ll be in the finals.
3. If the new Bond film comes / will come to our cinema, I go / ‘ll go and see it.4. How does / will Sandy get back tonight if she can’t find a taxi?
5. I am / will be surprised if this film gets / will get an award.
6. Do you / Will you make dinner tonight if I do / will do the shopping?7. If I hear / will hear that song one more time, I scream / will scream!8. What do they / will they do if they don’t / won’t pass their exams?
<b> Exercise 5: Match the sentence beginnings with the endings. Write sentences using the first conditional. Use a comma where necessary.</b>
1. We (miss) the train h a) he (probably buy) another once.2. (you / help) me with my physics b) I (give) it back tomorrow.3. If you (tell) me that secret c) I (not tell) anyone else.4. She (fall off) her horse in a
d) if he (be) at the party?
5. If you (lend) me £20 e) if I (help) you with your French tomorrow?
6. (you / talk) to Alex f) if she (go) to the States this summer?
7. How long (she / stay) in California
g) if she (not ride) more slowly.
8. If the police (not find) his bike h) if we (not leave) now.
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 8</span><div class="page_container" data-page="8"><b>3. Đáp án bài tập câu điều kiệnExercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form</b>
1. If I (find) __find____ a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
2. If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I _would climb___ (climb) the tree3. Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I _had___ (have) a car, I would drive4. He might get rid of his cough if he __didn’t smoke___ (not smoke) so much
5. She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she had paid the fine, she __wouldn’t have been___ (not be) sent to prison
6. The job is much worse than I expected. If I _had realized___ (realize) how awful it was going to be I wouldn’t have accepted it
7. Provided you remember the password, you _will be_ (be) in no danger.
8. I will lend you my radio as long as you __bring___ (bring) it back before Sunday9. We would have gone to the talk if we __had known___ (know) about it
10. I _would buy___ (buy) those shoes if I were you.
<b>Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:</b>
1. C2. B3. B
6. C7. A8. A
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 9</span><div class="page_container" data-page="9">4. D5. C
9. C10. B
<b>Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the </b>
8. If he had worked hard at school, he would have got a good job when he left9. If people did enough exercise, they wouldn’t have/ get heart disease
10. Children would have better teeth if they didn’t eat too many sweets
<b>Exercise 4</b>
1. give2. win
3. comes; ‘ll go4. will
5. will be; gets
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 10</span><div class="page_container" data-page="10">6. Will you; do7. hear; will scream8. will they; don’t
<b>Exercise 5</b>
1. h → We’ll miss the train if we don’t leave now.
2. e → Will you help me with my physics if I help you with your French tomorrow?3. c → If you tell me that secret, I won’t tell anyone else.
4. g → She’ll fall off her horse in a minute if she doesn’t ride more slowly.5. b → If you lend me £20, I’ll give it back tomorrow.
6. d → Will you talk to Alex if he’s at the party?
7. f → How long will she stay in California if she goes to the States this summer?8. a → If the police don’t find his bike soon, he’ll probably buy another one.
<b>4. Một số bài tập tự luyện về câu điều kiện thi vào 10I. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi</b>
1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone thereIf ……….
2. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concertIf I ………...
3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 11</span><div class="page_container" data-page="11">If the children ………..4. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solutionIf they ……….5. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying..If Carol ………
6. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.If Rita ………
7. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by carIf he ………..
8. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.If the flats …..………..9. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you
If I ……….10. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her childrenIf she ……….11. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car
If he ……….12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons wellIf Peter ………13. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 12</span><div class="page_container" data-page="12">If Mary ………
<b>II. Choose the correct answer.</b>
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.A. hadn't
B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.A. wouldn't have been
B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.A. were asked
B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.A. she has done
B. she had doneC. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 13</span><div class="page_container" data-page="13">A. stole
B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.A. would have been / hadn't lied
B. would be / didn't lieC. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.A. would invest
B. investedC. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.A. wouldn’t advise
B. won't adviseC. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.A. could have climbed
B. climb C. is climbingD. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 14</span><div class="page_container" data-page="14">A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbiD. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last nightA. had known / could have phoned
B. knew / would have phonedC. know / can pho
D. knew / could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.A. tells
B. told C. had toldD. would tell
13. If you press that button what _____?A. would happen
B. would have happenedC. will happen
D. happen
14. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.A. stop
B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
15. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 15</span><div class="page_container" data-page="15">A. had discovered / would inform
B. had discovered / would have informedC. had discovered / could inform
D. discovered / can inform
16. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.A. go / gave
B. were / would answer
C. were / would have answeredD. had been / would have answered
18. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.A. were
B. had been C. have been D. would be
19. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking.A. will be
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 16</span><div class="page_container" data-page="16">A. went / would / do B. goes / would /doC. had gone / would/do
D. had gone / would have / done
21. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.A. am
B. have beenC. wereD. had been
22. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.23. What (you / say) ___________ if I offered you a job?
24. The children always (get) ___________ frightened if they watch horror films25. If it (not be) _____________ for you, I would be late
26. I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) __________ peace in the world
27. Were I to become president, my first act (be) __________ to help the poor28. If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
29. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now.30. If he (have) _______________free time, he will go swimming.
31. Don’t go out if the wind (be) __________________ strong.32. If you (heat) ___________ice, it (turn) ___________into water.
<b>III. Fill in the correct form of the verb in brackets !</b>
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 17</span><div class="page_container" data-page="17">1. If Anne’s father gets seriously ill, they ____________________ (BRING) him to the hospital.
2. If I ____________________ (BE) you I would pay more attention in class.3. They ____________________ (NOT GO) out if they don’t get a babysitter.4. The manager would have fired him if he ____________________ (HAVE) someone else to replace him.
5. I ____________________ (LIKE) her more if she hadn’t asked such stupid questions.
6. If you ____________________ (NOT KNOCK) they won’t let you in.7. If I had missed the bus, I ____________________ (TAKE) a taxi.
8. We will visit the sports centre tomorrow unless it ____________________ (RAIN).9. I would have helped him if I ____________________ (KNOW) that his condition was so bad.
10. He ____________________ (NOT GO) to the course if it were not so interesting
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