fundamentals of english grammar workbook, 2nd ed - 411p

FUNDAMENTALS
OF
-
WORKBOOK
Betty
Schrampfer
Azar
Donald A. Azar
WORKBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
Second Edition
Betty
Sohrampfer
Aaar
Donald
A.
Azar
MAIN TEXT
Available in full and split editlons
(A
and
6)
A
developmental skills text that teaches speaking, listening, writing, and
reading while focusing on target structures
A
broad syllabus of English structures for intermediate-level ESUEFL students
Clear, concise, easy-to-understand grammar charts
A
variety of written and oral exercises with lively and realistic contexts

New
features:
additional grammar areas
new exercises
clarified structures and presentations
WORKBOOK
Available
in
full and split editions
(A
and
B)
coordinated with the main text
selfstudy practices (with answers given) so students can work independently
guided study practices (with no answers given) for additional classwork,
homework, or individualized instruction
TEACHER'S
GUIDE
Available
in
full
and
split
editions
(A
and
B)
presentation suggestions
background grammar notes
techniques for handling exercises

notes on cultural content, vocabulary, and structure usage
suggested activities
answers to Main Text and Workbook exercises
PRENTICE
HALL
I
ISBN
0-13-347077-0
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
ENGLISH
Second Edition
WORKBOOK
Belly
Schrampfer
Azar
Donald
A.
Azar
PRENTICE
HALL
REGENTS
Publisher:
Kna
B.
Carver
Managing Editor, Production:
Sylvia Moore
EditoriaVProduction Supervisor:
Janet Johnston

Editorial Assistants:
Shelley Hurtle, Athena Foley
Buyer and Scheduler:
Ray Kearing
Illustrator:
Don Manineni
Cover Supervisor:
Marianne Frasco
Cover Designer:
Joel Mitnick Design
Interior Designer:
Ros Herion Freese
01999
by Prentice-Hall, Inc.
All
rights
reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,
in any form or
by
any means, without permission in writing
from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12

11
ISBN
0-13-347097-0
ISBN
0-13-347071-7
(VOL.
A)
ISBN
0-13-347089-X
(VOL. B>
To
Immee, Amelia Azar
L
Contents
PREFACE.

xlx
Chapter
1
PRESENT
TIME
PRACTICE PAGE
0
1
-SELFSTUDY:
Interview
questions
and answers.

1

O
2 GUIDED
STUDY:
lntroduclng yourself

2
O
3-GUIDED: Present verbs

2
0
4-SELF: Present verbs

3
0
!%SELF:
Forms
of
the
slmple
present

3
0
&SELF:
Simple present

4
0
7-4

UIDED.
Flnal forms
with
-s/-es

5
0
8-SELF: Forms of the present and present progressive

-5
0
9-SELF: Slmple present
and
present progressive

6
0
lO-GUIDED: Slmple present and present
progressive

6
0
1
1-SELF: Frequency adverbs

7
0
12-GUIDED: Simple present: frequency adverbs

-8

0
13SELF:
Present
progressive

9
0
14 GUIDED. Present progressive

10
0
ISSELF:
Slmple present
and
present progressive

11
0
16-SELF:
Present verbs: questlons and short answers

12
0
17-GUIDED: Present progressive

13
O
1
8 G
UIDED. Present

progressive

14

0
1
%SELF:
Present verbs
14
O
2MUIDED: Present verbs

15

O
21 G
UIDED. Present verbs
17
0
22-4
UIDED.
Present verbs

17
0
23-SELF: Preposltions

18
CONTENTS
0

vii
PRACTICE PAGE

0
10-SELF: The byphrase 227

0
1
I-GUIDED: 'The by-phrase
227

0
12-SELF: Acl.lve vs. passive 229

0
1 >SELF: Progressive tenses in passive 230

0
14-GUIDED: Progressive tenses In passive 230

0
1
+GUIDED: Active vs. passive 231

0
16-SELF: Passive modals
232

0
174UIDED: Passlve modals 232

0
18-SELF:
Active vs. passive 233

0
194IJIDED: Active vs. passlve.
234

0
2WELF: Statlve passlve 235

0
2
1
-SELF:
Participial
adjectives
236

0
224UIDED: Partlclpial adjectives 237

0
234UIDED: Participial adjectives
238

0
24-SELF: Get
+
adjective and past participle 238

0
25-GUIDED:
Get
+
adjective and past participle
239

0
26-SELF: Used to vs. be accustomed to 240

0
27-SELF: Used to vs. be used to 240

0
28-
GUIDED. Be used/accustomed to and get used/accustomed to
241

0
29-SELF: Be supposed to 241

0
30-SELF: Be supposed to 241

0
3
1
GUIDED. Be supposed to 242

0
324UIDED: Verb form review 242
Chapter
12
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

0
1-SELFSTUDY:
Using who In adjective clauses 245

0
2-SELF:
using who In adjective clauses
246

0
%-SELF: Uslng who
In
adjective clauses
247

0

4-SELF: llslng who and whom In adjective clauses
247

0
+SELF:
Using who and whom In adjectlve clauses
248

0
&SELF: Uslng who and who(m) In adjective clauses
248

0
7
GUIDED STUDY: Using who and who(m) In adjective clauses
249

0
8-SELF: Uslng that or
0
In adjective clauses 249

0
9-SELF: Using who. who(m). that. and
0
In adjective clauses
250

0
ISSELF: Who and who(m) vs. which 250

0
1
1-SELF: Using which, that, and
0
In adjective clauses
251

0
12-SELF:
Object pronouns in adjective clauses: error analysis 251

0
13-GUIDED: Object pronouns In
adjective
clauses: error analysis 252
0
144UIDED: Uslng who. who(m), which, that. and
@
in adjective clauses

252

0
15-4
ELF.
Pronoun usage In adjective clauses 253

0
1

MUIDED: Pronoun usage In adjective clauses 253

0
17-4
UIDED. Adjective clauses 254

0
18-
GUIDED. Adjective clauses 255

0
19-4 UIDED. Adjectlve clauses 256

0
204ELF:
Subject-verb agreement in adjective clauses 256
CONTENTS
0
XV
PRACTICE PAGE

0
2&
GUIDED: As

as. more/.er. most/-est 286

0
29-SELF: Review of comparatives and superlatives

287

0
30 GUIDED. Review of comparatives and
superlatives.
289

0
3
]-SELF:
The same. similar. different. like. and alike
291

0
32-SELF: The same. similar. different. like. and alike 292

0
33- GUIDED. The same. similar. different. like. and alike
293

0
34 G UIDED. The same. similar. different. like. and alike
293

0
35-GUIDED: Making comparlsons 294

0
36-GUIDED: Making comparisons 294
Chapter

14
NOUN CLAUSES

0
1-SELFSTUDY: Noun clauses and information questions 296

0
2-SELF: Noun clauses and information questions 296

0
>SELF:
Noun clauses that begin with a question word
298

0
4-SELF: Noun clauses and information questions 299

0
+SELF: Noun clauses with who. what, whose
+
be
301

0
&SELF:
Noun clauses with who. what. whose
+
be
301

0
7-SELF:
Noun clauses with who. what. whose
+
be
301

0
8-4
UIDED STUDY: Noun clauses and information questions 302

0
9 GUIDED. Information questions and noun clauses 305

0
10-SELF: Yes/no questions and noun clauses 305

0
11-GUIDED: Yes/no questions and noun clauses 306

0
12-GUIDED: Noun clauses 307

0
13 G
UIDED. Questions and noun clauses 307

0
14-GUIDED: Questions and noun clauses 308

0
1
%SELF:
That-clauses 308

0
16-SELF: That-clauses 309

0
17-GUIDED: That-clauses 310

0
18-GUIDED: That-clauses 311

0
19-GUIDED: That-clauses 312

0
20-SELF: Substituting
so
for a that-clause. 312

0
21-+ UIDED. Substituting so for a that-clause 313
Chapter
15
QUOTED SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

0
1-SELFSTUDY: Quoted speech 314

0
2-SELF: Quoted speech 315

0
3-SELF: Quoted speech 315

0
4-SELF: Quoted speech -316

0
%GUIDED STUDY: Quoted speech 317

0
GUIDED: Quoted speech ,318
This
Workbook
consists of exercises to accompany
Fundamentals of English Grammar (2nd
edition),
a developmental skills text for mid-level ESUEFL students. The exercises are
designated SELFSTUDY (answers given) or GUIDED STUDY (answers not given). The
SELFSTUDY practices are intended for students to use independently. The answers are
in a separate, detachable
Amer
Key
booklet at the back of this book. The GUIDED
STUDY practices may be selected by the teacher for additional classwork, homework, or
individualized instruction. Answers to the GUIDED STUDY practices, as well as

suggestions for using the
Wmkbook,
can be found in the
Teacher's
Guide.
Many of the initial practices in each unit are tightly controlled and deliberate,
intended to clarify form and meaning. Control is then loosened as the manipulative and
clarifying practices lead to others that promote &ee, creative use of the target structures.
The
Workbook
also contains suggestions for writing and various group activities such as
games and discussions.
Preface
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I
I
am grateful to the many people who enable me to pursue the work I love. I am especially
indebted to my husband, mainstay, and co-author, Don, who kept me afloat through the
recent illness and loss of my much loved mother and provided the support system in
which our work together could continue and prosper.
I am also greatly indebted to Shelley Hartle, our editorial assistant, without whom it
would have been impossible to keep to production schedule. Though still new to the
team, she adapted quickly and handled everything with aplomb, from proofing galleys
and compiling indexes to tending the ducks when we had to be away.
Many thanks to Janet Johnston, our production editor, who kept everything running
smoothly on her end and was wonderfully supportive and understanding. Thanks
similarly go to Sylvia Moore, managing editor. Special thanks also go to Tina Carver,
publisher, who has been consistently supportive not only as a fiend but as a top-notch
publishing professional whose sound judgment
I

highly respect.
My appreciation goes, too, to Ray Adame, Barbara Barysh, Nancy Baxer, Eric
Bredenberg, Karen Chiang, Athena Foley, Norman Harris, Terry Jennings, Gordon
Johnson, Ray Keating, Andy Martin, Don Martinetti, Gil Muller,
Ed
Perez, Jack Ross,
Jerry Smith, and Ed Stanford.
In
addition, my gratitude goes to Joy Edwards, Barbara
Matthies, and R.T. Steltz. Chelsea Azar has been splendid. Finally, I am lovingly grateful
to my father for his continuing support and involvement in my endeavors. Many of his
ideas and suggestions are reflected in the text.
BETTY
SCHRAMPFER
AZAR
Once again,
I
begin by expressing my gratitude to Betty for her continued patience and
guidance, and for the same incredible expertise that she brings to all phases of this
project. Much of this was accomplished during a difficult time. Her ability and
persistence got the book out.
I
continue to marvel and to learn.
I
want to thank my father-in-law, Bill Schrampfer, for numerous handwritten ideas
for topics and sentences. His agile mind provided much fodder. Inspiration appeared
from many sources,
R.T.
Steltz, Tom Hemba, and my uncle Elias George among them, as
well as Fred Lockyear, Gary Althen and other colleagues whose brains

I
often pick
without knowing why until
I
start putting sentences down.
And special thanks still go to Chelsea Azar. She continues to endure our
commitment to these projects and always provides joy and support.
DONALD
A.
AZAR
XX
0
PREFACE
0
PRACTICE
I
-SELFSTUDY
Interview questions and answers.
Directions: Complete the sentences with appropriate words.
A:
Hi. My name
k
Kunio.
-
B:
Hi. My
name
is Maria.
I
glad to meet you.

CHAPTER 1
Present
Time
KUNIO:
MARIA:
KUNIO:
MARIA:
KUNIO:
MARIA:
KUNIO:
MARIA:
m
KUNIO:
MARIA:
KUNIO:
MARIA:
KUNIO
:
MARIA:
KUNIO:
MARIA:
I
glad to you, too. Where
?
I
from Mexico. Where
?
I
Japan-
Where living now?

On
Fifth
Avenue in
apartment. And you?
I
living in a dorm.
your
field
of study?
Business. After
I
study English,
I
going to attend the School of Business
Administration. How you? your major?
Chemistry.
you like to do
in
your free time?
you have any
hobbies?
I
to swim. How you?
I
read a lot and
I
stamps from all over the world.
Really? you like some stamps from Japan?
Sure! That would be great!
Thanks.

I
have
write your full name on the board when
I
introduce
to the class.
do you spell your name?
My fmt is Maria. M-A-R-I-A. My last
ii
Lopez.
Present
Time
0
1
KUNIO:
My name
is
Kunio. K-U-N-1-0.
My
name is
Akiwa. A-K-I-W-A.
MAW:
Kunio Akiwa. that right?
KUNIO:
Yes, it
.
It's been nice talking with you.
MARIA:
I
enjoyed it, too.

0
PRACTICE 2-GUIDED STUDY Introducing yourself.
Directions: Write answers to the questions. Use your own paper.
1.
What is your name?
2.
Where are you from?
3.
Where are you living?
4.
Why are you here (in this city)?
a. Are you a student? If so, what is your major field of study?
b.
Do you work? If so, what is your job?
c. Do you have another reason for being here?
5.
What do you like to do in your free time?
6.
What is your favorite season of the year? Why?
7.
What are your three favorite books?
8.
Describe your first day at this school.
0
PRACTICE 3-GUIDED STLIDY
Present verbs. (Charts 1-1
-+
1-3)
Directions:
All

of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and rewrite each
sentence correctly.
Example:
I
no like cold weather.
+
I
don't
lifw
wid
weather.
1.
I
no living at home right now.
2.
I be living in this city.
3.
Student at this school.
4.
I
am study English.
5.
I
am not knowing my teacher's name.
6.
(supply
name)
teach our English class.
7.
SheIHe* expect us to be in class on time.

8.
We always are coming to class on time.
9.
Tom does he going to school?
10.
Tom no go to school.
11.
My sister don't have a job.
12.
Does Sara has a job?
*Choose
the appropriate
pronoun
for
your teacher,
he
or
she.
2
0
CHAPTER
I
13.
Does you have a job?
14.
Is Canada does it be north of the United States?
15.
I never to go to my office on Saturday.
16.
Ahmed, Toshi, Ji, Ingrid, and Pedro eats lunch together every day.

0
PRACTICE
4-SELFSTUDY
Present verbs. (Charts
1-1
-+
1-3)
Directions: Use the given verb to complete the sentence that follows. Use the
SIMPLE PRESENT
or the
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
1.
sit
I
am
sitting
at my desk right now.
2.
read
I the second sentence in this exercise.
3.
look
I
at sentence
3
now.
4.
write
Now I the right completion for this sentence.
5.

do
I
a grammar exercise.
6.sit
Iusually
sit
at my desk when I do my homework. And right
now I
am
sittinq
at my desk to do this exercise.
7.
read
I often the newspaper, but right now
I
a sentence in my grammar workbook.
8.
look
I at the newspaper every day. But right now
I
at my grammar workbook.
9.
write
When
I
do exercises
in
this workbook, I the answers in my
book and then
I

check them in the
Answer Key.*
Right now
I
an answer in the book.
10.
do
I grammar exercises every day. Right now
I
Practice
4
in this workbook.
0
PRACTICE 5-SELFSTUDY: Forms of the simple present. [Chart
1-11
Directions: Review the basic forms of the
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
by completing the sentences with
the correct form of the verb
''SPEAK."
PART
I:
STATEMENT FORMS
1.
I
(speak)
speak
English.
2.
They

(speak)
English

3.
He
(speak)
English.
4.
You
(speak)
English.
5.
She
(speak)
English.
*The
Answer
Key
to
the selfstudy practices is
in
the
back of
this
book.
Present
Time
0
3
PART

11:
NEGATIVE FORMS
1.
I
(speak, not)
do
not (don't)
speak
your language.
2.
They
(speak, not)
English.
3.
He
(speak, not)
English.
4.
You
(speak, not)
English.
5.
She
(speak, not)
English.
PART
111:
QUESTION FORMS
1.
(you,

speak)
Do
you
speak
English?
2.
(they, speak)
English?
3.
(he,
speak)
English?
4.
(we, speak)
English?
5.
(she, speak)
English?
0
PRACTICE
6-SELFSTLIDY: Simple present.
(Charts
1-4
+
1-3)
Directions: Write
-st-ES
in
the blanks where necessary and make any other needed changes
in

the
verb.
If
the verb does not need
41-ES,
put a slash
(
I)
in
the blank.
I.
Alan likeL to play soccer.
2.
My son watcc too much
TV.
3.
Rita doa't like/ coffee.
4.
Monkeys climb- trees.
5.
Do you like to climb trees?
6.
Do Paul like to cook?
7.
Alex like to dance
8. Mike wash his own clothes.
9.
Rita go- to school at seven.
10.
Bees make honey.

11.
A bee visit many flowers in one day.
12.
Tina get her work done on time.
13.
Tina and Pat get__ their work done.
14.
Do Bill get_ his work done?
15.
Eric don't get it done on time.
16.
David carry- a briefcase to work.
17.
Janet play tennis every day.
18.
A
frog catcL flies with its tongue.
19. Frogs are small green animals that
live near water.
20.
A
turtle is another animal that live-
near water.
4
0
CHAPTER
1
0
PRACTICE 7-GUIDED STUDY: Final forms with
-s/-es.

(Charts
1-1
-+
1-3)
Directions: Complete the sentences in COLUMN A with the words from COLUMN
B.
Capitalize the first word of the sentence.
Add
final
-s/-ES
to the verb
if
necessary.
Add a period or question mark at the end of the sentence.
Examph:
1.
A
star shines in the sky at night.
COLUMN A
1.
a star
2.
a hotel
3.
newspapet ink
4.
bees
5.
do automobiles
6.

does physical exercise
7.
a rubber band
8.
a river
9.
oceans
10:
Brazil
11.
does an elephant
12.
a hurricane
COLUMN
B
A.
cause air pollution
B. stretch when you pull on it
C. support a huge variety of marine life
c/
D.
shine in the
sky
at night
E.
cause great destruction when it reaches land
E
use its long trunk like a hand to pick things up
G.
improve your circulation and general health

H.
stain my hands when
I
read the paper
I.
produce one-fourth of the world's coffee
J.
gather nectar from flowers
K.
flow downhill
L.
supply-its guests with clean towels
0
PRACTICE 8-SELFSTUDY
Forms of the present progressive. (Charts
1-1
and
1-2)
Directions: Review the basic forms of the
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
by completing the sentences with
the correct
form
of the verb
"SPEAK."
PART
I:
STATEMENT FORMS
1.

I
(speak)
am speaking
English right now.
2.
They
(speak)
English right now.
3.
She
(speak)
English right now.
4.
You
(speak)
English right now.
PART
ZZ:
NEGATIVE FORMS
1.
I
(speak, not)
am not speaking
English right now.
2.
They
(speak, not)
English right now.
3.
He

(speak, not)
English right now.
4.
You
(speak, not)
English right now.
PART
ZZZ:
QUESTION FORMS
1.
(you,
speak)
Are you speaking
English right now?
2.
(they, speak)
English right now?
3.
(she, speak)
English right now?
4.
(we, speak)
English right now?
Present
Time
0
5
0
PRACTICE 9-SELFSTUDY Simple present and present progressive. (Charts 1-1
-+

1-3)
Directions: Complete the sentences with
DO,
DOES, IS, or
ARE.
If
no completion is needed, put a
slash
(I)
in
the blank.
1. Jack
hes
not work at his father's store.
2.
DO
you have a job?
3. Kate works at a restaurant.
4. Tom
is
working this afternoon.
5.
you working today?
6. Emily and Sara working at the ice cream store this summer.
7.
Eric planning to get a job this summer?
8.
you plan to get a job, too?
9.
Denise wears jeans to work every day.

10.
She a carpenter.
11. Today she working at the Hills' house.
12. She and her partner Scott building a new porch for Mr. and Mrs. Hill.
13.
Denise and Scott usually work together on small construction jobs.
14. A turtle lays eggs.
15.
snakes lay eggs?
16. a lizard lay eggs?
17. a lizard a reptile?
18. turtles and snakes reptiles?
19. Turtles, snakes, and lizards all reptiles.
20. Almost all reptiles lay eggs.
21. Reptiles cold-blooded.
22. Their body temperature
the same as the temperature of their surroundings.
0
PRACTICE 10-GUIDED
STUDY
Simple present and present progressive. (Charts
1-1
+
1-3)
Directions: Complete the sentences with
DO,
DOES,
IS,
or
ARE.

If
no completion
is needed, put a slash
(
I)
in
the blank.
1.
A
mosquito
flying around Sam's head.
2. Mosquitoes pests.
3.
They bother people and animals.
4.
a male mosquito bite?
5.
No, male mosquitoes not bite.
6. Only female mosquitoes
bite ni&
and people.
7.
A
female mosquito
lays 1,000
to 3,000 eggs in her lifetime.
Y
Iv
6
0

CHAPTER
I