PP SU DUNG PP ION-ELECTRON- GIAI NHANH BT TRAC NGHIEM

Phương pháp giải nhanh bài tập trắc nghiệm:
SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ION - ELECTRON

 ! "#$%&'()*+
%,&-+*."#/ 0(
.123%(455(
+6789(%(41:$,%
57!8"#12; <=(>/  ?(@7!
 ?(A%,
B
C
CDB
−
→B
E
D
F9(G+7!>/  ?H(HD
I
7  ?B
E
JD
K

IGCLB
C
CEHD
I
−
→IG
EC
CEHD

↑
CKB
E
D111
J("',&7; <M
Ví dụ 1:B>/NOPQ.)Q.
E
D
I
)Q.
I
D
K
)Q.DR7!&>8S)T)U((
V7  ?WOPBG7B
E
JD
K
XR /  ?Y1HZ
$$  ?GPHD
I
R
E
T[7  ?Y!+$+;HD1
:;  ?GPHD
I
R
E
  \7;+;(]+,
^

_1E`aT)TE;1 b1S)`;aEE)K;1
G1`SaE)EK;1 c1`SaT)TE;1
Hướng dẫn giải
d'>/S)TQ.
E
D
I
7S)TQ.DS)TQ.
I
D
K
1
B>/NOMPQ.
I
D
K
S)EaQ.S)TR <7!  ?W
Q.
I
D
K
CLB
C
→Q.
EC
CEQ.
IC
CKB
E
D

S)E→S)ES)K
Q.CEB
C
→Q.
EC
CB
E
↑

S)T→S)T
c ?YMPQ.
EC
MS)IaQ.
IC
MS)KRCGPHD
I
R
E
M
IQ.
EC
CHD
I
−
CKB
C
→IQ.
IC
CHD
↑

CEB
E
D
S)IS)TS)T
⇒ 2
HD
eS)T×EE)KeE)EK;1
I E
I
GP HD R
HD
T
  S)S`
E
−
= =

⇒
I E
GP HD R
S)S`
2 S)S`
T
= =
;P('`SR1PĐáp án CR
Ví dụ 2: BU((S)TG+TES  ?NOBHD
I
 T[7
B
E

JD
K
S)`[1J(++V5/2;+;HD '8P+R1
f?9(2
_1T)IKK;1 b1T)Kg;1 G1S)hiE;1 c1T)TE;1
Hướng dẫn giải
I
BHD
 S)TE=
a
E K
B JD
 S)Sh=

⇒:jM
B
 S)EK
+
=
7
I
HD
 S)TE
−
=
1
kM
IGCLB
C
CEHD

I
−
→IG
EC
CEHD
↑
CKB
E
D
b(M S)T→S)EK→S)TE
kM S)Sg←S)EK→S)Sh→S)Sh
J(M S)STP RPVRS)ShP R
⇒ 2
HD
eS)Sh×EE)KeT)IKK;1PĐáp án AR
Ví dụ 3:c ?N(  ?H(DBS)E[7  ?G(PDBR
E
S)T[1J<
i)LK;+;GD
E
P+R7T;  ?N/+V9(/
_1T`(1 b1`(1 G1TS(1 c1S(1
Hướng dẫn giải
E
GD

eS)I`a
H(DB
eS)Ea
E

G(PDBR

eS)T1
⇒:jM
DB

−
eS)ECS)T×EeS)K7
E
G(

+
eS)T1
k54M
GD
E
CEDB
−
→GD
I
E
−
CB
E
D
S)I`S)K
S)E←S)K→S)E
⇒
E
GD P R


d
eS)I`−S)EeS)T`
V<@l'(M
GD
I
E
−
CGD
E
CB
E
D→EBGD
I
−
b(M S)ES)T`
kM S)T`←S)T`
⇒
E
I
GD

−
US)T`
⇒
I
G(GD

↓
eS)S`

⇒
I
G(GD

eS)S`×TSSe`(1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 4:BU((V>/O,++7,++j!
/  ?_7%T)TE;B
E
('(P]+R1G  ?(S)SI
_G
I
7  ?_1+/+V9(/
_1S)iL(1 b1T)`h(1 G1S)LT(1 c1E)IK(1
Hướng dẫn giải
k9(++7++j7!B
E
DM
[CB
E
D→[PDBR

C
E

B
E
:$(%M
E
B
DB

 E
−
=
eS)T1
c ?_ <7!S)SI  ?_G
I
M
_
IC
CIDB
−
→_PDBR
I
↓
b(M S)SIS)T
kM S)SI→S)Sg→S)SI
⇒
DB P R

d
−
eS)ST
V<U((+V9(.M
_PDBR
I
CDB
−
→_D
E
−

CEB
E
D
S)ST←S)ST
2-'M
I
_PDBR

eiL×S)SEeT)`h(1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 5:c ?_(S)STQ.PHD
I
R
I
7S)T`BG%+mU(((
((G+^PbVHD&l+# '8R
_1E)LL(1 b1I)gE(1 G1I)E(1 c1`)TE(1
Hướng dẫn giải
kM
GCEQ.
IC
→EQ.
EC
CG
EC
S)SS`←S)ST
IGCLB
C
CEHD
I
−

→IG
EC
CEHD
↑
CKB
E
D
b(M S)T`S)SI→B
C
 
kMS)SK`←S)TE←S)SI
⇒ 
G(
ePS)SK`CS)SS`R×hKeI)E(1PĐáp án CR
Ví dụ 6: G>/OH(G7H(b <7!  ?_HD
I
 /
+V9(%+/5+/_HD
I
X1:;
m+/H(G>/1
_1EI)In b1Ei)LKn1 G1KI)EIn1 c1IT)In1
Hướng dẫn giải
kM
_
C
CG
−
→_G
↓

_
C
Cb
−
→_b
↓
FM 
H(G
e@a
H(b
e'

_G
C
_b
e
IP R
_HD

p.
⇒
I
G b HD
  
− − −
+ =
⇒ I`)`@CLS'ehEP@C'R
⇒ @M'eIhM`I
G4@eIh)'e`I→
H(G

`L)` Ih TSS
n
`L)` Ih TSI `I
× ×
=
× + ×
eEi)LKn1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 7::,TSS  ?_POoBGD
I
T[7o
E
GD
I
T[R7TSS 
?bPOH(BGD
I
T[7H(
E
GD
I
T[R/  ?G1
HZ$$TSS  ?cPOB
E
JD
K
T[7BGT[R7  ?G
/2;GD
E
P+R7  ?p1G  ?b(PDBR
E

! 7
 ?p/(+V9(1f?9(72/
_1LE)K(7E)EK;1 b1K)I(7T)TE;1
G1KI(7E)EK;1 c1I)K(7`)h;1
Hướng dẫn giải
c ?G(M BGD
I
−
MS)EaGD
I
E
−
MS)E1
c ?c%jM
B

+
eS)I1
HZ$$  ?G7  ?cM
GD
I
E
−
CB
C
→BGD
I
−
S)E→S)E→S)E
BGD

I
−
CB
C
→B
E
DCGD
E
b(M S)KS)T
kM S)T←S)T→S)T

cM S)I
:V<  ?b(PDBR
E
 7  ?pM
b(
EC
CBGD
I
−
CDB
−
→b(GD
I
↓
CB
E
D
S)I→S)I
b(

EC
CJD
K
E
−
→b(JD
K
S)T→S)T
⇒
E
GD
2
eS)T×EE)KeE)EK;1
:j+/+V9(M
eS)I×TgiCS)T×EIIeLE)K(1PĐáp án AR
Ví dụ 8:BU((i)iK(,>/O[)_`SS  ?
OB
E
JD
K
S)EL[7BGT[/L)iIh;B
E
P+R7  ?N1
:2;  ?(OqH(DBT[7b(PDBR
E
S)`[7 
?N//+V9(!81
(RJ(/  ?N
_1IL)gI(1 b1IL)g`(1
G1IL)gi(1 c1IL)gT(1

R:;2
_1S)Ig;1 b1S)K;1
G1S)KT;1 c1S)KE;1
Rr/+V9(
_1`K)SE(1 b1`I)gL(1
G1`I)hE(1c1`I)gK(1
Hướng dẫn giải
(RN?+//  ?NM
E K
B JD

eS)EL×S)`eS)TK
⇒
E
K
JD

−
eS)TK7
B

+
eS)EL1

BG
eS)`
⇒
B

+

eS)`7
G

−
eS)`1
2-'j
B

+
eS)ELCS)`eS)iL1
[
E
B

eS)Ig1:.54M
[
S
CEB
C
→[
EC
CB
E
↑
PTR
_CIB
C
→_
IC
C

3
2
B
E
↑
PER
:(8'
E
B
B PsR
 E
+
=
→B
C
V1
⇒ 

e
+1
C
2
4
SO Cl
m m
− −
+
ei)iKCS)TK×ghCS)`×I`)`eIL)gI(1PĐáp án AR
RN?;2M
2

NaOH
Ba(OH )
n 1V mol
n 0,5V mol
=



=



⇒:j
DB

−
eE27
E
b(

+
eS)`21
k+V9(M
b(
EC
CJD
K
E
−
→b(JD

K
↓
PIR
S)`2S)TK
[
EC
CEDB
−
→[PDBR
E
↓
PKR
_
IC
CIDB
−
→_PDBR
I
↓
P`R
+V9(!8&DB
−
9+V9(V[
EC
7_
IC
1:.
PTR)PER)PKR)P`R(%M
B


+
e
DB

−
eS)iL
⇒ E2eS)iL→2eS)Ig;1PĐáp án AR
RN?/+V9(M
E
b(

+
eS)`2eS)`×S)IgeS)Tg`tS)TK→b(
EC
 1
⇒
K
b(JD

eS)TK×EIIeIE)hE(1
2-' 
+V9(
e
K
b(JD

C
E+1
C
DB


−
eIE)hECi)iKCS)iL×Tie`I)hE(1PĐáp án CR
Ví dụ 9:PCâu 40 - Mã 182 - TS Đại Học - Khối A 2007R
G(>/[)_7E`S  ?N(>/(@BG
T[7(@B
E
JD
K
S)`[)/`)IE;B
E
P]+R7  ?WP
;  ?+*jR1c ?W%B
_1T1 b1h1 G1i1 c1E1
Hướng dẫn giải

BG
eS)E`a
E K
B JD

eS)TE`1
⇒:jM
B

+
eS)`a
E
B P R


t¹o thµnh
eS)EIi`1
bVMEB
C
→TB
E
7-'S)Ki`B
C
←S)EIi`B
E
⇒
B P R

d
+
eS)`−S)Ki`eS)SE`
⇒
S)SE`
B
S)E`
+
 
=
 
eS)TeTS
−
T
[→BeT1PĐáp án AR
Ví dụ 10:PCâu 40 - Mã đề 285 - Khối B - TSĐH 2007R
:03(;3M

TRGI)LK(G7!LS  ?BHD
I
T[(2
T
;
HD1
ERGI)LK(G7!LS  ?(BHD
I
T[7B
E
JD
K
S)`[(2
E
;HD1
bVHD&l+# '8);+;]\+31d(
3=(2
T
72
E

_12
E
e2
T
1 b12
E
eE2
T
1 G12

E
eE)`2
T
1 c12
E
eT)`2
T
1
Hướng dẫn giải
:HTM
I
G
BHD
I)LK
 S)Sh 
hK
 S)SL 

= =



=

⇒
I
B
HD
 S)SL 
 S)SL 

+
−
=



=


IGCLB
C
CEHD
I
−
→IG
EC
CEHD
↑
CKB
E
D
b(M S)ShS)SLS)SL→B
C
V
kM S)SI←S)SL→S)SE→S)SE
⇒ 2
T
7!S)SEHD1
:HEM 
G

eS)Sha
I
BHD

eS)SLa
E K
B JD

eS)SK1
⇒:jM
B

+
eS)Tha
I
HD

−
eS)SL1
IGCLB
C
CEHD
I
−
→IG
EC
CEHD
↑
CKB
E

D
b(M S)ShS)ThS)SL→G7B
C
V
kM S)Sh→S)Th→S)SK→S)SK
⇒ 2
E
7!S)SKHD1
H7-'2
E
eE2
T
1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 11:PCâu 33 - Mã 285 - Khối B - TSĐH 2007R
:,TSS  ?POb(PDBR
E
S)T[7H(DBS)T[R7!KSS 
?POB
E
JD
K
S)SIi`[7BGS)STE`[R)/  ?N1f?B
9(  ?N
_1i1 b1E1 G1T1 c1h1
Hướng dẫn giải
E
b(PDBR
H(DB
 S)ST 
 S)ST 

=


=

⇒:j
DB

−
eS)SI1
E K
B JD
BG
 S)ST` 
 S)SS` 
=


=

⇒:j
B

+
eS)SI`1
o,>/  ?(A7!>/  ?(@(%
54M
B
C
CDB

−
→B
E
D
bS)SI`S)SI
kM S)SI←S)SI
J(M
B P R

d
+
eS)SI`−S)SIeS)SS`1
⇒:jM 2
P&(,R
e`SSPS)`;R1
S)SS`
B
S)`
+
 
=
 
eS)STeTS
−
E
→BeE1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 12:PCâu 18 - Mã 231 - TS Cao Đẳng - Khối A 2007R
G,u/+H(sb( <7!!P R)/  ?N
7I)Ih;B
E

P]+R1:;  ?(@B
E
JD
K
E[ \
  ?N
_1T`S1 b1i`1 G1hS1 c1IS1
Hướng dẫn giải
H(CB
E
D→H(DBC
T
E
B
E
b(CEB
E
D→b(PDBR
E
CB
E
E
B

eS)T`).→j&
E
E
B
DB P NR
 E

−
=
eS)I1
k549(  ?(@7!  ?(A
B
C
CDB
−
→B
E
D
⇒
B

+
e
DB

−
eS)I→
E K
B JD

eS)T`
⇒
E K
B JD
S)T`
2
E

=
eS)Si`;Pi`R1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 13:BU((>/NO(+_7b  ?BHD
I
X1oV
5/>/+;WPOS)THD)S)T`HD
E
7
S)S`H
E
DR1bV+*%HB
K
HD
I
1J
BHD
I
XM
_1S)i`1b1S)g1 G1T)S`1 c1T)E1
Hướng dẫn giải
:(%M
HD
I
−
CEB
C
CT.→HD
E
CB
E

D PTR
E×S)T`←S)T`
HD
I
−
CKB
C
CI.→HDCEB
E
D PER
K×S)T←S)T
EHD
I
−
CTSB
C
CL.→H
E
DC`B
E
D PIR
TS×S)S`←S)S`
:$PTR)PER)PIR-/M
I
BHD
B
 
p
+
=

∑
e
E S)T` K S)T TS S)S`
× + × + ×
eT)E1PĐáp án DR
Ví dụ 14:GTE)g(>/_7[7!  ?>/((@BHD
I
7B
E
JD
K
PF%R/S)T>+;JD
E
)HD)HD
E
1G* 
?&(+/+(/M
_1IT)`(1 b1Ii)i(1 G1Ki)I(1 c1IK)g(1
Hướng dẫn giải
:(%M
EHD
I
−
CEB
C
CT.→HD
E
CB
E
DCHD

I
−
PTR
S)T→S)T
KHD
I
−
CKB
C
CI.→HDCEB
E
DCIHD
I
−
PER
S)T→I×S)T
EJD
K
E
−
CKB
C
CE.→JD
E
CB
E
DCJD
K
E
−

PIR
S)T→S)T
:$PTR)PER)PIR→&HD
I
−
S)TCI×S)TeS)Ka
&JD
K
E
−
S)T1
⇒ 

e
+1
C
I
HD

−
C
E
K
JD

−
eTE)gChE×S)KCgh×S)TeKi)I1PĐáp án CR
Ví dụ 15:BU((TS)iT(>/O_)Y)Q.K;  ?BHD
I
([

7$(9/  ?_7T)igE;>/+;OH
E
7H
E
D%v3
TMT1G*  ?_/P(1R+(1?9()(M
_1``)I`(17E)E[ b1``)I`(17S)EE[
G1`I)``(17E)E[ c1`I)``(17S)EE[
Hướng dẫn giải
E E
H D H
T)igE
  S)SK
E EE)K
= = =
×
1
:(%M
EHD
I
−
CTEB
C
CTS.→H
E
ChB
E
D
S)SLS)KLS)SK
EHD

I
−
CTSB
C
CL.→H
E
DC`B
E
D
S)SLS)KS)SK
⇒
I
BHD
B
  S)LL
+
= =
1
⇒
S)LL
( S)EE
K
= =
[1
JHD
I
−
S)LL−PS)SLCS)SLReS)iE1
o/TS)iTCS)iE×hEe``)I`(1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 16:BU((`)g`(>/Y)_%w3TME  ?BHD

I
X /S)Lgh;,&&l+#N '8(1NM
_1H
E
D b1H
E
G1HD c1HB
K
C
Hướng dẫn giải
:(%M 
Y
eS)S`a
_
eS)T1
f4(&9(H
@
D
'
)(%M
Y→Y
EC
CE. _→_
IC
CI.
S)S`S)T S)TS)I
@HD
I
−
CPh@−E'RB

C
CP`@−E'R.→H
@
D
'
CPI@−E'RB
E
D
S)SKP`@−E'RS)SK
⇒ S)SKP`@−E'ReS)K→`@−E'eTS
2-'NH
E
1PĐáp án BR
Ví dụ 17:G>/OS)T`GQ.J
E
7S)SgG
E
Q.J
E 
 <7! 
?BHD
I
 /  ?N7>/+;WOHD7HD
E1
:
b(G
E
 7  ?N/(+V9(1[F+)V
b(PDBR
E

 7  ?N)8'+V9(+*+;V+
/+*j/((81f?9(7(M
_1TTT)LK7T`i)KK b1TTT)LK7Thi)KK
G1TTE)LK7T`i)KK _1TTE)LK7Thi)KK
Hướng dẫn giải
:(%M
GQ.J
E
CLB
E
D−Ti.→G
EC
CQ.
IC
CEJD
K
E
−
CTh
C
S)T`S)T`S)T`S)I
G
E
Q.J
E
CLB
E
D−Tg.→EG
EC
CQ.

IC
CEJD
K
E
−
CTh
C
S)SgS)TLS)SgS)TL
E
K
JD
 S)KL
−
=
a
b(
EC
CJD
K
E
−
→b(JD
K
S)KLS)KL
⇒ eS)KL×EIIeTTT)LK(1

G
eS)IIa
Q.
eS)EK1

G→GDEQ.→Q.
E
D
I
S)IIS)IIS)EKS)TE
⇒ (eS)II×LSCS)TE×ThSCTTT)LKeT`i)KK(1PĐáp án AR1
Ví dụ 18: BU((K)ih(>/Y)_%v3TMEKSS  ?
BHD
I
T[7$(9) /  ?N((+(78'%+;
(1f?9(M
_1E`1L(1 b1Eh)g(1 G1Ei)L(1 c1EL)L(1
Hướng dẫn giải

Y
eS)SKa
_
eS)SL1
sc+*+;  ?HB
K
HD
I
1:  ?%M
S)SKYPHD
I
R
E
7S)SL_PHD
I
R

I
2-'&HD
I
−
UHB
K
HD
I
M
S)K−S)SK×E−S)SL×IeS)SL
sc%  ?S)SKHB
K
HD
I

eS)SK×TLgCS)SL×ETICS)SK×LSeEi)L(1PĐáp án CR