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2006-2007
12TH EDITION
Your Blueprint for Test Success
Seven fuJHergth model tests for the
Intemet-8ased
Test
of
ErW;I
i
sh
as
a
fo<eignUonguageO
Explanations
or
examples
fof
al
l
QUestions

.
includifl!:
sample essays
and
speaking
responses
Your Private Tutor
• Review
chapters
cover every section
of
the TOEfl-
1ST
• Practice exerci
ses
help
you learn when
you
don't
have access
to
a comPUter
• Study tips and test-taking strategies
promote
success
• Glossary
of
acaoemic vocabulary
supports
all

TOEfl- sections
PMlela J. Sharpe.
Ph
.D.
Personal Instruction for a Better
Test
Score
• Orientation to the new
TOEfl
- l
BT
• Review
of
academic skills: note taki
ng.
paraphrasi
ng,
summarizing, and
synthes
izing
•
Review
of l
anguage
skills:
l
ist~
speaklre, reading.
and
wrttlng

EF
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
AbpullhB
Author
II
Acknowledgmen
ts
J:
pean
lssklns
,I
Tl
metable!gl
the
TOEfl
e l
BT
lily
1
ORIENTATION
1
Tn
the
St
udent
"
How
10

Use
This
Book
to
SlIn
ad
1
To
!he
Teacher"
Recommendations
and
R
esources
3
I
3
ACADEMIC
SKILlS
67
Tak
ing Notes
67
Paraphrasing 87
SUmmariz
i
ng
114
Syntheslzi
ng

136
4
MODEL
TEST
2:
PROGRESS
TEST
153
5
REViEW
OFTOEFL
®
tBISECTlONS
201
'"
8
SCORE
ESTIMATES
775
Important Background Information
ns
Procedura!of 5cofing
ns
Reference Charts
Tn
Examples lor
Scoring
Model Tests
n9
Feedback

781
Options for Personal Evaluation
781
!I
RESOURCES
783
Glossary of Campus Vocabulary 783
CONTENTS
I.
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
With affection and appreciation, I acknowledge my indebtedness to the lriends, lamily, and col-
leagues
who have been part
01
the TOEFL team
lor
so many years.
The
late
Dr.
Jayne
Harder
,
former
Olrect
or
of
the
English

language
In
s
titut
e at
the
Un
I-
versIty
of
Florida
lor
initl
aUng
me
In
to the
science
01
linguistics and the art ot
teaCh
ing English
as a
second language;
Robert
Ind
Uil
le S
harpe
,

my
per
e
ntl
lor
their assistance in typing and proofreading previ-
ous editions and
lor
their enthusiastic encouragement throughout
my
career;
The
lite
Dr
.
Tom
Clapp
,
former
Dean
of
Continuing
Education
It
the
Uni
vers
i
ty
01

Toledo
for the maturity and confidence that I gained during
our
marriage because
he
believed in me;
Cerole
BergUe,
former
Ed
i
tor
at
Barron
'.
Educati
o nal
Seri
es
tor
her
guidance in seeing
the
first edition of the manuscript through to publication;
Marcy
Ro
se
nbaum
,
Prolect

Editor
at
Ba
rron
'.
Edu
c
ati
o nal
Se
ries
lor
her
invaluable
Insights
and
wise counsel during every stage
01
development and production;
Debby
Bacak
,
Product
io
n
Manag
er
at
Sarron
's

Edu
catio
nal Se
ri
es
for the creative
5(.Ig-
gestions and designs, large and small, that have improved every chapter;
Bob
O'
Sullivan
,
Managing
Editor
at
Barron
's
Educat
io
nal
Se
ri
e.
f
or
making Important
decisions
at critical times during the protect;
Marl!; MIN , EditOrial
Director

at
Barron
's
Educational
Series for consulting on the project
and for
providing indispensable advice on legal questions;
Carlol
Moreno
,
Carlo
l
Moreno
Pho
tography
lor
the photographs thaI provided the TOEFL·
like eontelll for
t
he
eudio Questions:
Jo.n
Franklin,
Pres
ld
a
nt
,
and
John

Roc"-II
,
Edit
or,
at
C
inema
Sound
lor
casting and
directing the talented voices and bringing the script
to
lite:
Sera
Black
,
Copy
Editor
for
her
constructive criticism and helpful corrections throughout the
manuscript;
Kathy
Telford
,
Proofreader
It
Proofraadenl
Plus for
her

attention to the impo
rt
anl details,
her positive approach to errors, and her friendship;
Denni
s
Oli
va
r,
Prof
esao
r at
Eltr
e
lll
Mo
unta
in Co
mmunit
y C
ollege
for coauthoring the
Glossary
of
campus
Vocabulary.
Erin
Oste
rm
an

Fitzgerald
,
Lagal
A
ss
is
tant
lor securing the reprint permissions and organiz-
ing the legal Illes;
David
John
Osterman
,
Technology
Con
.
ultant
f
or
helping me to transform my office
lor
the
21
st century:
John
T. Os
terman
,
my
hu

s
band
-a
special
th
a
nk
you
lor
the unconditiOnal love and the
dally interest in and support for
my
writing career, as well as for checking my math in the eval·
uation tables. Each revision of
this
book is betler than the last. and every
new
and revised year
with John is t
he
best year of my
lif
e.
•
yttet
matcr<a~
PERMISSIONS
II
PERMISSIONS
~

Beowulf
"
From World Mythology,
Th
ird
Edition,
by
Donna Rosenberg. Copyright C
1998
by
National
TextbooklMcGraw-Hill Education. This material
is
reproduced
with
permission
01
The McGraw-Hili
Companies.
M
Bulldlng
wl1h
Archei
"
From
Glloort
's Living Wi
th
Art
, Sixth Edition,

by
Mark
GeUein.
Copyright
C 2002
by
T
he
McGraw-Hili Companies,
Lnc
. Reproduced with permission 01 The McGraw-HiLI Companies.
"
Civilization"
F
rom
Western Civilization, Comprehensive Volume
4th
Edition
by
Spielvogel.
Copyright
Cl
2000.
Reprinted with
permission
of Wadsworth, a division
of
T
homson
learning:

WWON.
thomsonrighIS.com. Fax 800-730-2215.
"Conquest
bV
Patents"
From New Internationslist magazine, September 2002 tssue 349, PATENTS
ON
LIFE. From
artiCle entitLed "Conquest
by
Palent
s·
by
Beth Burrows.
Used
by
permission.
" Exotic and Endangered Species"
From Biology, The Unity
and
Diversity
01
Life (ISE with CD-ROM and
tnlo
Trac) tOth edition
by
STARRfTAGGAA
T.
Copyright C 2004. Reprinted with permission
of

BrookslCole, a division of
Thomson
l eaming:
WWON
.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-730-2215.
"
Four
Stages
of
Planetary
DeveLopment
"
From The
$oIar
System (with CO-ROM, Virtual Astronomy labs, AceAslronomy,
and
LnfoTrac)
4th
editIOn l)y SEEDS. Copyright 0 2000. Reprlnt90
WIth
permission 018rool\slCole, a
dMslon
01
Thomson
l
eamlng:
WWON.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-730-2215.
"Geothermal
Energv
"

From Environmental Science: Earth
as
a Uving Planet, Fourth Edition
by
BotkinIKelier. Pub-
lished
by
John
Wiley &
Sons
, Inc. Copyright 0 2003
by
John
Wiley &
Sons
, Inc. Reprinted with
permission
of
John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
"
Group
Decision
Maklng
~
From Management, Challenges
for
Tomorrow's Leaders, 4th edition
by
lEWISlGOOOMANJ

FANOT. Copyright C 2004. Reprinted with permission
01
South-Western, a division
of
T
hom
·
son Learning:
WWON
.thomsonrlghts.
oom
. Fax 800-730-2215.
"Layers
of
Social Class"
From
Sociok>gy
: The Essentials, (with InfoTrac)
1st
Edition
by
AndersenITaylor. Copyright
C 2001 . Reprinted with
permission
01
Wadsworth
, a division
01
Thomson
Learning: WWON.

thomsonrights.oom.
Fax
800-730-2215.
yttet
matcr<B~
x
II
PE
RMISSION
S
~
Llfe
In
Our
Solar
Sy
s
tem
"
From HOrizons: Exploring the Universe, Eighth Edition, by Michael A. Seeds. Copyright
C
2004. Reprinted with permissioo
01
Thomson Learning: www.lhomsonnghts.com. Fax
8QO.
730-2215.
~
Looklng
.t
Theatre

His
tory
"
From Oscar G. B
rock&l1
& Franklin J. Hildy, History
of
the
Theatre, 96. Published
by
Allyn and
Bacon, Boston. MA. Copynght C 2003 by Pearson Educatioo. Reprinted by permission
oIlhe
publisher.
~
Ml9retlon
from
Asia
"
Faragher. John
Mad<; Buhle. Marl Jo; Czittom, Oaniel; Armitage. Susan H. Out of Ma
ny
: A
History
of
the
Ame
rican People, Combined Volume. 4th Edition, Copynght C 2003. Reprinted
by permission of Pearson Ed
uca

tio
n.
Inc., Upper Saddle River,
N.J
.
"
New
Women
of
the
Ice
Age
"
From
App
lying Cultural An
thropo
logy: An Introductory Reader, Sixth Edition,
by
Aar
on
PQdolelsky, Pet
er
J.
Brown.
Pub
lished by
The
M
cGra

w-Hili Companies, Inc. Copyright
C 2003. Reprinted
by
permission of The McGraw-Hili Companies. Inc.
"
Organic
Architecture"
From Gardner's Art
through
the
Age
s.
The
Westem
Perspective
(with InfoTrae) 11th Edition by
KLEINERlMAMIYAlTANSEY, Copyrigtll C 2003. Reprinted
with
permission
01
Wadsworth, a
division
01
Thomson Learning: www.thomsonrlghts.oom. Fax 8QO.730-2215.
~
Paleolithlc
Art
"
From Gardner's
Art

through
the
Ages
, The
We
stem Perspective (with InloTrae) 11th Editioo by
KLEINERlMAMIYAlTANSEY. Copyright C 2003. Reprinted
with
permission
01
Wadsworth. a
division of Thomson Learning: www.thomsonnghts.oom.Fax8QO.730-2215.
"
Physical
and
Chemical
Propertle8
and
Changes"
Burns, Ralph A
.•
Fundamentals
of
Chemistry, 4th Edition, Copyright C 2003. pp. 21
-2
4.
Adapted
by permission of Pearson Educatioo. Inc., Upper Saddle River,
NJ
"

Piaget
's
Cognitive
DeYftlopment
Theory
"
From
LHe-Span
D6ve/opment, 8th Edition, by John W. SaIltrock. Published
by
The McGraw-Hili
Companies. I
nc
. Copyrig
ht
C 2002. Reprinted with the permission of The M
cGra
w-Hili
Companies.
Inc.
"
Producers
,
Consume~
.
and
Decompo,,~
"
Christopherson, Robert W
.,

Geosystems:
An
Introduction
to
Physical G&Ography, 5th Edition.
Copynght
C 2003. Reprinted
by
permission
01
Pearson Education,
Inc.
, Upper Saddle River.
NJ.
H
Resources
and
Industrialism
In
Canada
"
Excerpt
P9
176-177 from A
Brief
History
of
Canada.
by
Roger Riendeau. Published by Facts

on File. Inc. Copynght C 2000. Reprinted with permlsslon of the publisher.
'",
,~""tlet
mater<aie
PERMISSIONS
xII
I
"Ri
si
ng
Sea
Levels"
Christopherson. Robe
rt
w
Geosystems:
An
Introduction
to
Physical Geool'8phy, 5th Edition.
Copyright C 2003. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. Inc
.•
Upper Saddle River.
NJ
.
"
Socia'
Re
adjustment
Scale

"
From Psychology Applied
to
Modem Life, Adjustment
in
the
21st
Century (with InloTrae) 7th
Edition
by Weiten. C 2003. Reprinted
with
permission of Wadsworth. a division
01
Thomson
Learning: www.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-73() 22t5.
"Speech
and
Wrftlng"
From Language Files, 8th edition. Editors. Thomas W. Slewart
Jr
., Nathan
VaiUelle
(Depart-
ment
of
Unguistics. the Ohio State University). Copyright C
2OO
1 by The Ohio State University.
Reprintecl
Dy

permission
01
\tie puDlisher.
"
Symbiotic
Re
lationship
s"
From Environmental Science: A
Studyof
Interrelationships, 8th Edition. by Eldon D. Enger and
Bradley
F.
Smith. Copyright C 2002 McGraw·Hill Companies. This passage is used with the
permission
01
the McGraw·HiII Companies.
"
n
DIgital Divide"
From James A. Johnson EI
AI
. Introduction
to
the Foundations
of
American Education.
121e.
Published
by

Allyn and Bacon. Boston, MA. Copyright C 2002
by
Pearson Education.
Reprinted
by
permission 01 the publisher.
"The
Evolution
of
Birds
"
Excerpt pp. 698-700 Irom BIOLOGY, 6th
Ed
. By Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece.
Copyrighl C 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Reprinted by permission,
"The Heredity Verl ul Envi
ronment
Debate"
Ornstein, Alan C. and Oaniel U. Levine, Foundations
of
Education
, Eighth Edition. Copyright
C 2003
by Houghton Mifflin Company. Used with permission.
"The
Hydrologic
Cycle"
From Environmental Sc/enoo-Earth
as
a L

ivi
ng Planet. 46, BotldnlKeller. Copyright C 2002 by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted with permission
01
John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
" Thermoregulat
io
n"
Excerpt
pp. 930-931 from BIOLOGY, 6th
Ed
. By Neil A. campbell and Jane B. Reece. Copy-
right
Cl
2OO2
by
Pearson Education, Inc. Reprinted by permission.
" W

ther and
Chaotic
Sy
s
tem
s"
From The
Cosmic
Perspective.
SecOnd
Edition, by Jeffrey Bennell, Megan Donahue. Nicholas

Schneider
and
Marl<
Voit.
Copyright C 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison
Wesley. Reprinted by permission
01
Pearson Education. Inc.
besk
lIet
matcr.aie