Toefl ibt internet based test 2006 - 2007 part 42 pdf

2&2
MORE
MODEL
TES
TS
25.
look
at
th
e lour squares [ _ , that show
wher
e the following senlence could be inserted in
the
pa
ssage.
Some
hl,torlans
believe they can
be
established.
Whe
re
could
th
e senlence best be added?
Click on a squa
re
[- I to Insert the
sen
t
ence

in
lhe passage.
26. Direction
,:
An
introduction lor a short summary 01 the passage appears below. Complete
the
su
mmary
by
selecting
th
e
THREE
answ
er
choices thai menilon the most important
points
In
th
e passage. Some senlences
do
not belong in the summary because they
express
ideas
th
ai are
not
included
in

the passage or Ih
ey
are minor
po
i
nts
from the
pa
s-
sage.
Thl.
question
Is
worth 2 pofnts.
eert,ln
qualities appear
to
dellne a civilization.
•
•
•
Answer Choices
!AI
Free
citi
zen
s who work in professions
for
pay
(DJ

A strategic location near rivers or
the
sea
IE]
Organized r
el
igion, writing.
and
art
!Bl
Bureauc
ra
cies for the governme
nt
and
armies
ICl
Ubraries to house
art
and
written records
1IatIIIJ,3 "Ut.
fn
0",
SDIM
S'ystlltn
"
lEI
A
de

nsely populat
ed
group with a class
structure
Although
we
can
imagine li
fe
based
on
so
me
th
ing
other than carbon ch
em-
Is
try,
we
know
01
no
examples to l
el
l us
how
such
lile might arise
and

survive.
We
mu
st limit our discussion to tife as
we
know
it
al'ld
t
he
conditions it requires.
The
most
important
re
qu
irement
is
the
pr
esence 01 liquid water,
not
only
as
pa
rt
of
the chemical
rea
ctions

01
lila,
but
also
as
a medium
to
transpo
rt
nutrients
and
wastes w
ith
in
the
organism.
The water
req
uirement
~altYjeli
m
inates
many worlds
in
our solar
system. The moon
is
airless,
and
although some data suggest

ice
frozen
in
th
e soil
al
ils poles,
.II
has never had liquid water
on
ilS
surfa
ce.
In
the vacuum
01
the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away
rapidly.
Mercury
too
is
airless
Mill
ctrncn',
MOOE1 TEST 3IREAOlNG SECTION 283
and cannot have had liquid water on
its
sulface for long periods
of
time. Venus

has
some
traces
of
water vapor in its atmosphere. but it
is
much too hot for liq-
uid
water to survive.
If
there were any lakes
or
oceans
of
water on its sulface
when
it was young. they must have evaporated quickly. Even it life began there,
no
traces
would
be
left
now
.
The
inner solar system seems
too
ho
t,
and the outer solar system seems

too
cold. The Jovian planets have
deep
atmospheres, and
at
a certain level,
they
have moderate temperatures where
water
mi
ght
condense
Inlo
liquid
droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there.
The
Jovian planets
have
no
s
ulfaces
where oceans
could
nurture the beginning
of
life, and cur-
rents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from
regions
of
moderate temperature to other levels that are much too hot

or
too
cold
for life to survive.
A few
of
the satellites
01
the
Jovian planets might have suitable conditions
IOf life.
Jupiter's moon Europa seems to
have
a liqUid-water ocean below its icy
crust, and minerals dissolved in that water would provide a rich broth
of
possi-
bilities for chemical evolution.
!AI
Nevertheless, Europa
Is
not a promising site
to search lor lile beCause conditions
may
not have remained:sratMI:'or the bit-
tioos
01
years needed
lor
lile to evolve beyond the microscopic stage. lSI

If
Jupiter's moons interact gravitationally and modify their orbits, Europa
may
have been lrozen solid
at
some
points in history.
ICI
~
Saturn'S moon Titan
has
an atmosphere
of
nitrogen, argon,
and
methane
and
may
have oceans of liquid methane and ethane on its surface.
IDI
The
chemistry
of
life that might crawl
or
swim
00
such a
WOOd
is

unknown, but Iile
there
may
be unlikely beCause
of
the temperature. The surface
of
Titan is a
deadly
- 179°C
(-290°F).
Chemical reactions occur slowly
or
nol
al
all
at
such
low temperatures, so
the
chemical evolution
needed
to begin Iile
may
never
have
occurred
on
Tllan.
~

Mar
s Is the most likely place for life in our solar system.
The
evidence.
how-
ever, Is not encouraging. Meteorite AlH84OO1 was found on
the
Antarctic
Ice
in
1984.
It was probably part
of
debris ejected into
space
by
a large impact
on
Mars
.
AlH84001
Is
important
because
a team
of
scientists st
ud
ied it
and

announced In 1996 that it contained chemical and physical traces
01
ancient life
on Mars.
water on Earth has occurred. and
some chemiCals in the meteorite may have
iiIiiIilllilC!
without
the presence ol lile.
The
physi
calleatu
res that
lOok
lIk.e
Iossll
bacteria
may
be
minerallormalio
ns
in
the rock.
, !
284
MORE
MOOEL
TESTS
Spacecraft now visiti
ng

Mars may hetp us understand the past history of
water there and paint a more
detailed picture of present conditions. Neverthe-
less. conclusive evidence may have to wait until a geologist in a space
SlJlt
ca
n wander the dry streambeds of Mars cracking open rocks and searchi
ng
for
lossils.
We are left to
conclude that, so far as we know,
ou
r solar system
is
bare of
life
except
fo
r Earth. Consequently,
ou
r search
fo
r fife In
th
e universe takes us
to ot
he
r planetary systems.
27. The word

autQ
matically in the passage is closest in meaning
to
<D partially
<D actually
<D occasionally
CD
nat
ur
ally
28. T
ho
word
iI
in tho paes3go relors to
<D ice
<D soil
<0
moon
CD
solar system
29. Which
01
the lollowing statements about the water on
Ven
us is true?
<D The water evaporated because of the high temperatures.
CD
The water became frozen
in

the polar regions.
<D
Only a l
iHie
water Is teft In
smaJ
l lakes on the surlace.
CD
Rain does not lall because there is no atmosphere.
30
. The word stable in the passage is closest in meaning to
<A>
visible
<D
active
<D
co
nstant
aD strong
31. What can
be inferred from the passage about the Jovian planets?
CD
Some 01 the Jovian planets may have conditions that could support lile.
<D
Jupiter is classilied as one
01
the Jovian planets.
CD
Europa is the largest of the moons that revolve around Jupiter.
CD

The orbits
01
the Jovian planets have changed over time.
Malc'ltll chrancnv
a'
~rTl
prav~
MOOEL
TEST
3IflEADING
SECTION
2S5
32
. According to paragraph 5, why would life on Titan
be
improbable1
<D It
does
not
have an ocean.
a>
1\
is not a planet.
CD
It
is
too
cold.
aD It has a low atmosphere.
Paragraph

5
is
maf1(ed with an arrow (-+
).
33
.
Which
01
the
sentences
below
best
exp
r
esses
the
information
in
the
highlighted
statement
in
the passage? The other choices change the
mean
i
ng
or
leave out important inlormation.
<D
life

on
Mars was
lound
as a result
01
research in
many
cases.
a>
The
evidence did not clemonstrate that there was lile
on
Mars In t
he
past.
CD
Many
cases
ollile
were concluded in the history
01
Mars.
aD The
condusio
n was that only
one
instance
of
life on Mars was verified.
34

. The word originated in the passage is closest in meaning to
<D turned
<D
changed
CD
begun
aD disappeared
35.
Why
does
the
author mention the meteorite ALH84001 in paragraph 61
<D Because it was
lound
in Antarctica
aboulfifty
years ago
<D
Because it was evidence
01
a recenl impact
on
Mars
CD
Because scientists thought that it contained evidence
01
life
on
Mars
aD

BlKause
the
meteorite prObably came Ir
om
Mars a long time
ago
Paragraph 6 is maf1(ed with an arrow 1-+].
36.
How
will scientists conlirm the 8)(istence
ollile
on Mars?
<D
By
sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars
CD
By
looking
at
fossils
on
Mars
CD
By
viewi
ng
pictures taken
of
Mars
(1)

By
studying the present conditions on Mars
37. Which
01
the lollowing statements
most
accurately reflects
the
author's opinion about
~fe
in
our
solar system1
CD
Life
is
probably limited to planets In the Inner solar system.
<D
There
is
a large
body
of
evidence supporting life
on
Mars.
CD
There
is
little probabil

ity
of
life
on
other planets.
(1)
We
should explore
our
solar syst
em
lor
conditions thaI support lile.
,I
."
288
MORE
MODEL
TESTS
38. Look at
the
four squares [- 1
th
at show where the following sentence could
be
Inserted in
the passage.
Such
periods
of

freezIng
would
probably
prevent
life
from
developing
.
Where could the sentence best be added?
Click on a square
,_
J to Insert the sentence
In
the passage.
39.
Directions
: An introduction
lor
a short summary
01
the passage appears below. Complete
the summary by
selecting the THREE answer choices
th
at mention the most Important
points in the passage. Some sentences do not
belong In the summary because they
express ideas that are not
included in the passage or are minor points from the passage.
This qlJ6stlon

I.
worth 2 points.
Cunent
evidence
does
not
support
tn.
theory
of
life In
our
solar
system.
•
•
•
Answer
Choices
IAJ
The meteorite that was discovered in the
Antarctic in the 1980s was tho
ug
ht
to
contain evidence of early
li
fe on Mars,
but it was later disputed.
[BJ

The planet that has the greatest proba-
bility
for life in t
he
past or now is Mars,
but more investigation is required to
dr
aw
conclusions.
ICJ
Europa has an ocean under the Ice on
the surface
01
the moon, which may con-
tain the chemical combinations required
for
lile to evolve.
!DJ
Although some of the moons that revolve
around Saturn and Jupiter haye condi-
tions that might support IIle, the evidence
contradicts
th
is
poSSibil
ity.
lEI
Other planetary systems must have lile
thaI
is similar to that which has evolved

on Earth because of the principles of car-
bon chemistry.
[EJ
It is 100 hot for life on the planets near Ihe
Sun in the I
nn
er sotar system and too
cold on
th
e planets most removed from
the
Sun in the outer solar syst
em
.
Malc'ltll chrancnv
a'
~rTl
prav~
MOOEl
TEST
3IL
ISTEN
I
NG
SE
CTION
281
LISTENING
SECTION
o Model Test 3,

listening
Section,
CO
5, Track 5
The Ustening section tests your ability 10 understand spoken English that
Is
typical of interac-
tions and academic speech on college campuses.
During
the
t
est
,
you
will respond to conver·
sations and
lec1ures.
Th
is is
the
long lonnat for
the
Ustening section,
On
the
long format,
you
wi
ll
respond

to
three
conversations and
six
lectures. After eactllistening passage,
you
will answer
5-6
questio
ns
about it.
Only
two
conversations and lour
lec1ures
wiU
be
graded.
The
other conversation and
lectures a
fe
part of an experimental section for
Mure
tests. Because
you
wil
l not
know
which

conversations and lectures
wi
ll
be
graded,
you
mu
st tty
to
do
your besl
on
a
ll
of
them
.
You
will hear
each
conversation or lecture
one
li
me
.
You
may
lake notes
whi
le

you
listen, but
notes
are
not graded.
You
may
use
your notes
to
answer
the
questions.
Choose
the
best answer for multiple-choice questions. Follow
the
directions
on
the
page
or on
the
screen lor computer·assisted questions. Click
on
Next
and
OK
to
go

to
the
neX!
quest
ion.
You
cannot retum
to
previous questions.
You
have
20-30
minutes
to
answer
all
01
the
ques-
tions. A
clock
on
the
screen will show
you
how
much lime
you
have to complete your answers
10f

the
section.
The
clock does not count
the
time
you
are
listening
to
the
conversations and
lec1ures
.
'01
'"
,'"
268
MORE
M
oo
EL
TESTS
PART
I
Ust",llJ, 1 "
5tJldtnlts
till
t:.npus"
ro."

o"_
6'")
CD
CD
®
1.
What
are
the
students mainly discussing?
CD
Groop
sessions
In
the
Offi
ce
of Career Development
CD
Th
e advantages of career counseling for
the
man
a:>
The
woman's Internship in t
he
OffICe
of
Caree

r Oevelopment
aD
How
to
find
employment in the f
ield
of career counseling
2.
What
is
the
man
's problem?
([l
He
does
not have l
ime
to see
an
advisor.
CD
He
does not
have
an
internship
yet.
a:>

He
does
not
know
wh
ich career
to
choose.
aD He
does
not have a;ob
oHer
after graduation.
3.
Why
does
the
woman
tell the
man
about her ekperience?
~

CD
To
demonstrate
th
e benefits of
going
to

the
QHice
of
Career Development
CD
To
encourage
the
man
to talk with
an
advisor about
an
intemship
a:>
To
suggest
that
he
change his major
from
math
to
library
science
aD
To
give
the
ma

n her opinion
abou
t
his
career decisi
on
h'
k