Toefl ibt internet based test 2006 - 2007 part 53 pdf

MODEL
TEST
4/SPEAKlt-Kl
SEC
TION
359
'tlt.gnted
Spnkl",
Qllfttl
""
5 uRo"."".'
."
(}
Now
lislen to a short conversation
between
a
student
and
her
advisor.
Question
Describe
the
woman
's
problem
and
the
two
suggestioos

that
her advisor
makes
about
how
to
handle it.
What
do
you
think the
woman
should
do,
and
why
?
Preparation
Time
:
20
seconds
Reco
rdi
ng
Time
:
60
seconds
, h

380
MORE
MODEL
TE
S
TS
Integrated
Speak
i
ng
QuatIOR
6 "
1JrIJIn
Wildlife"
N
ow
lisTen to part
of
e lecture In a biology class. T
he
professor is discussing the
Type
s
01
habitats
lor
wildli
le
lound
In

clUes.
Qunt
l
on
Using the main polnls and examples Irom the lecture, describe the two genera
ll
ypes of habi-
tats
fOl'
wildlife found In urban areas.
Preparation
TIme: 20 seconds
Recording Time:
60
seconds
ngh
rna r
MODEL
TEST
4IWAmNG
SECTION
361
WRITING
SECTION
The Writing section tests your ability to write essays in English sim
il
ar to those that you would
write in college courses.
During the test, you
will write two essays. The integrated essay aSks for your response to an

academic readi
ng
passage and a lecture on the same topic.
You
may take notes
as
you read
and l
isten,
but
no
tes
afe
not
graded.
You
may
use
your
notes
to
write
the
essay
.
The
l
ecture
will
be

spoken,
butlhe
directions and the questions will be written.
You
will have 20 minutes to
plan, write,
300
revise your response. Typically, a good essay lor the integrated topic will
require that
you
write 150-225 words.
The independent essay
usually asks lor your opinion about a
lam
iliar topic.
You
will have
30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response. Typically, a good essay
lor
Ihe indepen-
dent topic will require that you write
300-350
words.
A clock on the screen will
show
you
how
much time you have to comptete each essay.
You
have 20 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response to a reading passage and a

leC-
ture
on
the same topic. First, read the passage and take notes. Then, lis
len
to the lecture and
take notes.
FInally, write your response
10
lhe
writing question. Typically, a good response will
require Ihat you write 150-225 words.
Read
ing
P
assage
Time: 3 minutes
The
}at stream Is
an
irregular band of wind that occurs in high altitudes at
about
20,
000
leet, that is, between 6 and 9 miles above the surface of the
Earth.
Consequently,
the
jet stream wanders near the top of the Earth's tropo-
sphere, and, coincidentally, that is exactly where most

01
the Earth
's
weather
patterns occur.
It
Is
helplullo
think
ollhe
jet stream like a river
01
air thaI occurs
at
several different locations, but in generai llows from west to east over the
middle latitudes.
Technically, to
be
called a }at stream, the winds should
be
moving faster than 57 miles
an
hour, but it can have average core speeds of
190 miles
per
hour, and in the winter, when the jet stream is strongest, winds
have been clocked al
300
miles
an

hour. For the most part, the winds are
stronger
In the winter because during the winter months the surface lempera-
ture contrasts more with the temperature
in
the troposphere. To
put
that
another way, the greater the contrast in Ihe temperature of the Earth and the
atmosphere, the
stronger the jet stream winds will bl
ow
.
In
general. there are
two
jet streams between the equator and the North
Pale. The subtropical }at stream tends to hover around the southern border
01
the continental United States, whereas Ihe polar jet stream blows over Idaho
righted
ater
362
MORE
MOOEL T
ES
TS
and Montana. The conditi
on
that causes these two streams is the diHerence

in
the temperature between the tropic and the arctic reg
io
ns of the Ea
rt
h, which
tends to concentrate in
small zones called fronts.
It
Is
along these fronts that
storms tend to
develop. The jet streams blow the storms along their path. When
the jet stream
is
over
an
area, strong storms may move into it. but when the jet
stream has
dipped oUl of the area, calm, dry weather will probably
be
forecast.
()
Model
Teal 4, Writing
Section
,
CO
7, Track 2
•

n Now listen to a lecture on the same topic as the passage that you have just read.
Question
Describe jet streams by using the information in the reading, and provide examples of the way
that
they affect air travel by drawing on the material that you heard In the lecture.
~.,h"._
mater
IIIHpeIld.,,'
&Ny
"Ufeslyl,"
Question
MODEL
TEST
4IWA!T!NG
SECTION
363
Many people believe that
i1
is very important to make large amounts 01 money, while others are
satisfied to earn a comfortable
living. Analyze each viewpoint and take a stand. Give specific
reasons
lor
your position.
Thl.
Is the end
of
Model Test 4.
To
check your answel"$, refer to uExplanatory

or
Example Answers and
Audio Scrtpts
for
Model Tests: Model Test 4
,"
Chapter 7, pages 649-676.
)pynght
mater
I
3&4
MORE
MODEL
TESTS
MODEL
TEST
5:
PROGRESS
TEST
READING
SECTION
The
Reading section tests your ability to understand reading passages like tnose In college
textbooks.
The
passages are about 700 words
in
length.
This
Is

Ihe short formal for the Reading section. On the short
fonnal
, you will respond to three
passages.
After each passage,
you
will answer
12-14
questions about it.
Most questions are worth 1 point, but the last question In each passage is worth more than
1 point.
You
will have 60 minutes to read all
of
the passages and answer the questions. You may take
notes while
you read, but notes
are
not graded.
You
may use your notes to answer the
ques
-
tions. Some passages may incl
Llde
a word
or
phrase that
is
underlined in blue. Click on

tl"le
word or phrase to see a glossary definition
Of
explanation.
Choose
Ihe best answer for multiple-choice questions. Follow the directions on the page
or
on
the screen for computer-assisted questions. Click on
Ne
xt to
go
to the next question. Click on
B
ack
to return to the previous question.
You
may retum to previous questions for all of the
passages in the same reading part, but after you go to the next part, you will nol
be
able
10
return to passages in a previous part.
Be
sure that you have answered all
of
the questions for
the passages in each part before you
click on Next at the end
01

the passage to
move
to the
next
part.
You
can click on R
eview
to see a chart
of
the questions you have answered and the questions
you have nol answered in each part. From this screen, you can return to t
he
question you want
to answer in
the part thaI is open.
A
clock on the screen will show you how much time you have to complete the Reading section.
lpynghl maklr I
MODEL
TEST
5lAEAD
lNG
SEC
TI
ON
365
PART
I
Radl",

1 "R
il
l.,
Sa
L,.,,,
"
Perhaps the most pervasive climatic
eHect
at global warming
Is
rapid esca-
lation
at ice mell. Mount Kilimanjaro in
AlriCa
, portions
01
the South American
Andes, and
th
e Himalayas will
verj
likely lose most at their glacial ice within the
next two decades, aHecting
local water resources. Glacial ice continues i
ts
retreat in Alaska. NASA scientists determined that Greenland's ice sheet is
thinning
by
about I m per year. The additional meltwater, especially fr
om

conti-
nental
ice
masses and glaciers, is adding
to
a rise In sea level worldwide. Satel-
lite remote sensing is monitoring global sea level, sea ice, and continental ice.
Worldwide
measurem9nts~
that sea level rose during the last cent
urj
.
Surrounding
the margins at Antarctica,
and
constituting about
11
%
01
its
surface area, are numerous ice shelves, especially where sheltering inlets or
bays exist. Covering many thousands of square kilometers, these ice
sllelves
extend over the sea while still attached to continental ice. The loss
01
these ice
shelves does not slgnlflCanlly raise sea level,
fo
r they already displace seawa-
ter.

The concem is for the possible surge of grounded continenlal ice Ihat the
ice
shelves hold back Irom tile sea.
Although
ice shelves constantly break up to produce icebergs, some large
sections have
recently broken free. In 1998 an iceberg (150 km by 35 km)
broke
ofllhe
Ronne Ice Shelf, southeast of the
An
tarctic Peninsula.
In
March
2000
an
Iceberg tagged B-15 broke off t
he
Ross tce Shelf (some
go
o longitude
west
01
the Antarctic Peninsula), measuring 300
km
by 40
km
. Since 1993, sill
ice shelves have disintegrated in Antarctica. About 8000
km

of ice shelf are
gone, changing maps,
Ireeir"IQ
up islands
to
circumnavigation, and creating
thousands of Icebergs. The
larsen
Ice Shelf, along the east coast
01
the
Antarctic Peninsula, has been retreating
slowly for years.
larsen-A
suddenly
disintegrated in 1995.
In
only
35
days in early 2002, Larsen-B collaps
ed
i
nt
o
icebergs. This
Ice
loss is likely a result
01
the 2
.so

C temperature Increase in the
region in the last 50 years.
In response
to
the Increasing warmth, the Antarctic
Peninsula is
sporting n
ew
vegetation growth, previously not seen there.
-+
A loss of polar Ice mass, augmented by melting
01
alpine and mountain
glaciers (which
e)(perieilCed more than a 30% decrease in overa
ll
ice mass dur-
ing the last centurj) will
aHect
sea-level rise. The I
Pce
assessment states that
'between one-third to
one
-hall of the
elCistlng
mountain glacier mass could dis-
appear over t
he
next hundred years." Also, "there Is

cOn:cI9S!Vit
evidence lor a
worldwide
recession of mountain glaciers

Th
is is among the clearest and
best evidence for a change in energy balance at the Earth's surface since the
end of the 19th century."