Toefl ibt internet based test 2006 - 2007 part 75 pptx

EXPLANATOflY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOfO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 1 567
Studen12:
Professor:
Slu*t2
:
Professor:
We
N, in rationalization, you
come
up
with some reasons
why
!he professor might haVe
given
an
unfair test.
And
how
woukl
you
do
that?
Wei,
you
rTIight
~fend
him
. You
could
say
that

he
gave !he
test
to
encourage
students
to
learn
infoonation
on
their
own
.
Is
that
what
you
mean
?
Sure. Because
you
'd
be
rallonallzlng

providing a reason that justifIeS an otherwise menta/ly intoler·
able situation. Okay, another example
01
rationalizing
IS

to
excuse the
$pOtI$Of
for refusing to
heat
your
side
0I1he
situation. You might
say
that sponsors are too busy
to
Investigate
why
students are having
problems in their classes. And
you
might
do
thai while
you
deny
your true feelings
tNit
sponsors
realty
shoukl
be
more
open

10
hearing
you
out.
Student 3:
Professor:
So
when
you deny something, I
mean
when
you
use denial, you're refusing to ackrlowf.
edge a situation, but . . . wheo
you
usa rationalization,
you're
excu
sing the behavior?
Excellent
summary. So.
now
let
me
give
you
another
option.
If
you

use
a reaction formation
8S
a
defense
mechanism,
you1t prodaIm the opposite
01
your feelings. In this case,
what
woukl
you
say
aboul!he
professor?
Student 4:
Pr
ofessor:
I'd
say
thai I
~ke!he
professor
when
. in fact, I hate him
tor
destroy . • . depriving
me
of
myoppor1unity.

And
you
might
insist that you
have
no
hard
leelings
and
even
go
so
fat
as
to
tell
your
friends
that
he
's
an
excellentteachef
. You see. a reaction formation turns !he expression
of
your
feelings I
nto
the
0ppo-

site reaction, tnat is,
on
!he
surface
.
And that
brings
us
to
projection, which Is a defense mechanism
tnallricks
your
mind
into
believing
that
someone
else is guilty
01
the negative thought
or
lee~ng
thai
you
have
.
Student 1:
can
you
give

us
an
example
01
that
one?
Prolessor:
Okay. Feelings
01
hale
lor the professor might be expressed by teltlng classmales about
anomer
stu-
dent
~
hates
the professor,
or
.
uh
,

or
even
suggesting that
the
prolessor
has
strong feelings
of

hate
for
you
but you really li
ke
the professor your.;elf. So
you
would profecI, urn •
•
atbibul8
your
feel-
ings • • .
10
someone
else. Get it?
Student!
:
So
if I
hate
someone. I'd befieYe that another
pe<SOIl
nates
him
or
that he
heles
me
.

Professor: But you wouldn't
admit
that
you
hale
him your.;elf.
Student:
0I<ay. Thai's projection.
Professor:
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EXPlANATORY

OR
EXAMPLE
ANSWERS
AND
A.UDIO
SCRIPTS
FOR
MOO€L TESTSiMOOEL TEST 1
5611
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Manager:
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Manager:
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c
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Student:
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Student:
Manager:
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Manager:
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ud
Io
35
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Aud
io
37
.
""
'Y
Okay
, Urn,
my

lnand told me
that
I could
gel
used
books
i
ll
order, I mean, preorder
-

.
That's
right.
Do
you
want
10
do
that?
I thi
nk
so,
but I'm not sure
how
it works,
Actually, it's
lairty
sll'aightlorward, hiVi
Do

you
know
what you're going
to
take next semester?
Yeah, I do,
And you have
the
course names and
the
schedule numbers lor
aU
your classes?
Unhuh,
Okay
, then, ;us! put that inlonnatioo down
on
the
form
and
, uh, make a checkn'Lal1I
in
the
box
il
you want recommended books
as
well as required
books
, And you

said
you
went Interested In used
books
, right?
Right.
So
marX
the
box
for
used
books
, slgn the
Iotm
and
bring it back to
me
,
Do
t have
to
pay
noN?
Or
,
do
you
want
a deposit?

No
, you
can
pay when you pick
up
the books.
And
when
can
I do that?
The
week bele)f8
classes
begin,
That's
good
,
but
, urn,
what
ill
chaoge
my
schedule? I mean, I don't plan
10
but , , .

it happens. Don't
worry
.

l![YOU
Change
cla~
can
Jusfboirijlhe
booIii
back
~
time
iWOWii6
ffiimthe
fiit
day
01
Class
10
gel a lUI refund,
orcourw
you'll
Mad
IJii
Cii1gIniil
CiSh""ii!QIitii
~
a
PfiiiiI
D
R;
n's
a

new
book,
you
can't nave
~
marIij
Iiilt.
But
you said you wanted used books. 50 it won1 maner.
Yeah, that's
the
main reason
why
I want
10
do
this- because
11t
have a boner chance
to
get
used
books.
If !here are used books available and you marked
the
loon, that's what
we11
pull
lor
you.

Okay
, thanks a
lot.
111
just
til
th
is
out
and
bring
it
back
to you later today, I don1
have
aU
the
numbers
with
me, the sectlon numbers lor
the
classes
.
Fi
ne
. We
need
those
nurooers because when different prolessors are teaching the
same class. they

don't
always order the same books.
RighL
So
, win you be here this
altemoon?
I probably will. but if I'm not.
;Us!
give
the
loon
10
the
p8fSOfl
in this olfioe,
to
one
or~emptOy1MIs,
ffiOugh~"fij
UiUiIIY
wry
~atjjiJf
gittiigltli
loons
baCk
to
the
ofIk:e,
but
~

It gets
rea~
and . yciiiknoW
how
Il&i
Sure.
Wen,
11
bnng it
back
10
the office myself.
That's probably a
good
Idea. And, 00, uh, one more thing. I should tell you that
hUild.
, , , • ,
.'
.,
l~
so
, if you want
to
be sure that you get used
books
,

You
know
what? tiiCi

iiCIiiiii
liiiinuwitiii.now
iNIi
,
Okay. That's good.
What
does
the
man
need
from the bookstore?
A
Iotm
10
order
books
What
does
the
man
need
il he
wants
a lull
relund?
ldentificatlon
A roceipl lor
the
purchase
USlen again

to
part
01
the
conversation and then answer
the
loIlowing question.
"Don't give it to
one
0I1he student employees, though.
They
're usually very good
about
getting
the
forms
bacllto
the
office
, but sometimes n gets really busy
and
, . , you know
how
it is."
EXPlANATORY
OR
EXAMPlE
ANSWERS
AND
AUDIO

SCRIPTS
FOR
MODEL
TESTSIMOOEL
TEST
1
.11
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,.,,,'.'
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._~
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•
_),

_ _
\ 11
~
wh<h
is
an
acronym
for
the Sustainable Tr8l1spoftation Ell&rgy Program. STEP is a demonstration
prated
sponsored by the government
01

Wastem Australle. Now, In \his project. gasolJIl& driven buses have
been
replaced with 'uel cell
buses
OIl
regular transportation routes. I think that British Petroleum
Is
lhe
supplier
01
the hydrogen fual, which
Is
produced at
an
In
Kwinana, south
of
Perth. So
we
need
to
watch this carefully. Another collaborative research I
UniOn
and
the
U
n~ed
States. Scientists
""".,i~~
~

tor
10,
uh,
to
aeate
a Iong·term ptan
for
the Introduction
01
fuel
cells throughout the E.U. And the World
Bank
is
providing funding
to
promote the development and manufacture
01
fuel cell buses
lor
public
transportation
In
China, Egypt, MeJtlco, and Indie,
and
we're starting 10 see some really Int8fesllng
pr0-
Jects
In these areas. So, uh, clearty, fuel cell technology Is an Inlematlooal ellort.
Okay, at the present time, Japen leads the way In addressing the Issues
01

modilylng the Inlrastruc·
IlJre. Severaliueling
stations that dispense hydrogen by the cubic meter
ate
already in place, with plans
lor
more. But
even
when a nalionwide system
Is
completed, decisions about
how
and
where to produce
the hydrogen
and how
to
transport it win still have
to
be figured out. Most countries share the view that
fleets
01
vehicles have slgntrlcant advantages
lor
the introduction
01
fuel cell powered transportation
because,
well obviously they can
be

fueled
at
a limited
fMJmber
01
central locations.
And,
uh,
and
other
benefits
01
a fleet are
the
opportunity \0 provide training
for
a
rT.alntenance
crew and
lor
the drivers.
As
lor consumer education. no
one
seems
10
have made the
advances
there that
.•

, that would
serve as a model lor the rest
01
us.
iji
Audio
40.
An_
A
Audio
41 .
,
AudiO
Replay
Audio
42.
Ane_
0
AudiO 43.
Repley
What is this lecture mainly about?
An oyerview
01
fuel celt technology, The prolessor discusses the process for producing
808fQY.
the elllciency
oItha
cells, the problems, and some model programs.
Usten ageln
\0

part
01
the iectlJre
and
then
ansW8f the following question.
"Hydrogen Is the most recent and, I'd say,
one
of
the most promlslng, in a
long
list
01
altematives
to
petroleum. Some
of
the poSSibilities Include ballerles. methanol, nallJral
gas,
and, welt,
you
name
it:
What does
the
professor mean when he
aaya
this:
"Some
01

the
posstbititJes include
batteries,
methanol, natural gas, and, well,
you
name
,."
He
does
not
plan to talk about the alternatives. The comment "you name it" implies that
there are
a large number
01
ehematives end that
he
is not interested in them.
Why
does
the
prolessor mention the STEP program In Australia?
He
thinks it
Is
a
very
good example
01
a project.
Listen again

to
part of tha conversation
and
then answer the following question.
"Now, under
an
agreement
signed
In
aboul2000,
II memory serves, it was 2003,
but
anyway. the joint projects Include the writing
01
codes and standards, the design
of
rue!-
Ing Infrastructures. the refinement oIluei cell models.
and
the demonstration
01
fuel oelt
vehicles."
ngh maier
S72
ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES. OUIZZES. AND
I.AODEL
TESTS
Audio
44

.
An
._
r
B
0
Audio
".
Why
does the prolessor
say
this:
•.•.
if
memoty
serves, It was
2003
•
To
show thai he
is
uncertain aboul the
dale
What are some of the problems associated with luel cell technology?
Public acoepta.noe
Investment In Infrastructures
What
Is
the professor's attitude toward luel cells?
Answer

B
He
Is
hopeIut about thalr development In the
Mure.
He
would like moJe attention to
be
directed
to
public Information programs, which would solve
0!'18
01
the major problems
lor
luel cell technology.
Audio
D
il
euillon
Narrator: Usten to part
01
a discussion In a philosophy class.
Professor:
Is
associated with the
ot
the Reformation, the humanist philosophy
was
not

new
when
it
became popular in Italy Middle Ages. In lact, eccording \0 the ancient Greek
philosopher. ProtagOraS,
mankind was "\he measure of all things." And this idea was echoed
by
S0pho-
cles when he said, ·Many are the wonders
oltha
World. and none so wonderful as mankind.· Th
is
is
classical humanism. Even the aocienl Greek. gods were
viewed
as
resembling man both physically
and
psychologically. And.
In
e sense.
Iso'
Ihls personification
01
the deity just another way
10
exatt
human
beings? But that aside, it
was

precisely the rediscovery and
translation
01
classical manuscripts that coioclded with the invention of printing presses around the mid-
15th century, which, uh,
•
which
provided
a catalyst for the humanistic movement throughout Europe.
~
the clergy and upper classes participated In lhe rediscovery and dissemination
01
classical literature,
humanism became popular among theologians and scholars, and
soon
set the stege for the Rer'l8ls·
sanee
. This
0!'18
,
111
spell. Does anybody remember the meaning
01
the word
renalssanoe?
Sludant 1:
Rebirth, renewal.
Prolessor:
Right
you

are.
R8fI8
iSSIJI"IC6 literally means "rebirth," and
It
refers
to
the return to ancient
Greelc
and
Roman
art
and literature, which, like
an
things In the humanistic traditlon,they were measured by human
standards.
Ar1
returned
to
the classical ptinclplas of harmooy and
balance
. In the field 01 architecture,
we see both religiOus and secular buildings styled atter ancient Aoman
CS8slgns,
with mathematical pro-
portions and

a human ·scale. a scale that contrasted with the Medieval Gotl'lie buildings
of
~
previ-

ous era. Public works such
as
bridges and equeducts from the Roman occupation were repaired.
restored, or
rebuil
\.
In the sculptures
oflhe
period
, nude ligures were modeled In Ilfe·s!zed Images, with
lJ\Ie proportiofIs, and it was also at this point
tNn
realism became the standard for painting, with a prel-
Mence
fOf
f1.IIturallstlc settings and the ptacement
01
rlgures In
•
realistic proportion to lhose settings.
It was also evident that the portraits tended to
be
moJe personal and authenlic.
And
artisls even pro-
duced self1lOf1.raits at this time. Remember. the ligures In the paintings
01
the previous efa tended to
be
01

another world, but Renaissance palntBfS placed recognizable human beings In
IhJs
world.
In music,
there was
an
elfort
to
create harmonies that were pleasing
to
the human ear and melodies that were
compatible
with the human voice. In addition, music lessons became more widespread
as
a source
01
:>pvr
rr
$74 ANSWERS
ANO
AlJOlO SCRIPTS FOR
ACTlVmes
, QUIZZES, AND
MOOEl
TESTS
Audio
An_,
48
.
B

Why
does the professor mention the
drawing
by Leonardo
da
Vn:i
?
She
uses iI
as
an
e1t8mp1a
01
the
unioo
01
art and science.
AudIo
49
. According 10 the professor, what
was
the effect of using
latin
as
a
univefsallanguage
of
scholarship?
Answer
A

Audio
SO
.
Answer
B
Audio
51
.
Answer
B
IIlacililated
communication
among
intellectuals in many countries.
According
to
the professor,
whal
can
be
inferred
about
a Renaissance
man
?
He would
have
an
aptitude lor both
art

and
science
.
All
of
the following characteristics
are
true 01 humanism
EXCEPT
Scholars
most
serve
sodat)'
.
~
Speaking
o Model T
nt
I,
Speaking
SectIon, CD 1, T ck 2
~
SI'fAICMIllW,. 1

PAmB
"
Narrator 2:
Number
1. Listen for a question about a lamiliar topic.
Aller

you
hear
the question,
you
have
15
seconds
to prepare
and
45
seconds
to record
your
answer
.
Narrator 1:
Oescribe
an
ideal
marriage partner.
What
qualities do you think
are
most important lor a hus-
band
or
wile
? Use specific reasons
and
delails

to e)(Jllain your
choices
.
Narrator 2: Please prepare your
answer
811er
the beep .

[Preparatioo time: 15 seconds]
Narrator 2: Please begin speaking
aller
the
beep
.

[Recording time: 45
seeoncIs)

"
',~llW,_2"arnsH
Narrator 2:
Number
2. listen
lor
a QUeStion that asks your opinion
about
a lamiliar topic. After
you
hear
the question, you

have
15
seconds
to
prepare
and
45
seconds
to
record your
answer
.
Narrator 1: Some people Ii«!
to
watch the
news
on television. Other people preler to read the news in a
newspaper. Still others
use
their
computms
to
get
the
news
.
How
do
you prefer
10

be
informed
aboullhe
news
and
why? Use specific reasons
and
examples
to
support your choice.
rlghled ater
EXPLANATORY
OR
EXAMPlE
ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
FOR
MODEL TESTSIMOOEl TEST I 515
Narrator 2: Please
prepare
your
answer
after the
beep
.
-
[Preparation time: 15 secondS!
Narrator 2; Please begin speaking after the
beep
.
-

[Recording time:
45
seconds]
-
IIrrfIIum
SI'fMM
Qua,.
3 "
MEAL
f'IM"
Narrator
2:
N
umber
3. Read a shott passage
and
listen
10
a talk
on
the
same
topic.
Then
listen
lor
a
question
aboullhem.
After

you
hear
the question,
you
have 30
seconds
10
prepare
and
60
seconds
to
record
you
r answer.
Narrator 1: A
new
meal
ptan
Is
being
oHered by the college. Read the
plan
in the cotlege newspaper
printed
on
page
60
. You
have

45
seconds
10
oompiete iI. Please begin reading
now
.
[Reading time: 45 seconds]
Narrator 1:
Now
listen
10
two
students
who
are
talking about the plan.
Man
;
Woman
:
Man
:
Woman:
Man
:
Woman:
Man
:
I don' like to cook, but I don' li
ke

10
eat
in
the
ca
letena 8"Iery
day
either.
True
.
The
lood
does gat ki
nd
of

. same old
same
old.
My
point exactly.
And
besides
, I
go
home aboUt
eve.y
other weekend,
SO
payi

ng
for
my
meals
when
I'm
not
there doesn'
mak
e a lot of sense.
Right. So you! probably sign
up
for the five-day ptan next semester.
I already did.
If
I want to eat
in
the cafeteria some weekend, I
can
just
buy
a
meal
, but
I'd probably
go
out
somewhere with
my
friends if I'm here over

the
weekend.
Wen
, I
don'
go horne on the weekends as
much
as
you
do
,
but
I
stiU
eat out a lot on the
_
So
the
fivEHlay plan might
W()(1(
out
better l
or
you
. too. I'm realty glad to
have
the

Narrator 1:
The

man
expresses his opiniOn
01'
the new
meal
plan
. Repor1 his opinion.
and
explain the
reasons that he gives
for
having
that
opinion.
Narrator 2: Please prepare your
answer
after
the
beep
.
-
[Preparation time: 30
S8COI
Ids]
Narrator 2: Please begin speaking
alter
the
beep.
ngh
eel

aler
51e
ANSWERS
AND
AUDIO
SCRIPTS
FOfI
ACTIVITIES
.
QUIZZES
.
AND
MODEL
TeSTS
-
[Recording
time
:
60
seconds)
-
Model Test
1,
Spe8klng
Section
, CD
2,
TtKk
1
Narrator 2: Number 4. Read a short pe'sElge and

Nsten
10 a lecture
on
the
same
lopic. Then tisten for a
question about them.
Alter
you
lMIar
the
question, you have
30
seconds
to
prepare
and
60
seconds to
recoo::I
your answer.
Narrator
1:
Now
read the passage
about
Aboriginal People printed
on
page
61

. You have
45
seconds to
complete it.
Please
begin readi
ng
now
.
tReading time:
45
seconds]
Narrator 1:
Now
listen
to
part
of
a lecture in 8fI 8fI\hropology
ctass
. The professor
is
talking about
Aboriginal People.
Professor:
According
to your textbook. the Aboriginal People are very divefse,
and
, I would agree with that; how-
ever

. there are certain beliefs that ul'lite the groups,
and
in
fact. allow
them
to
icIentify
themselves
and
othenI
as
members
of
the diverse Aboriginal societies. For
one
thing. unlike the anthropologis
ts
who
believe that Iribes anived In eastem Australia from Tasmania about
40
.
000
years
ago.
the AborIginal
People believe that they l'Iave
always
been
in Australia,
and

that they have sprung from the land. Evi-
dence
for this resides in the oral
hlslofy
that has
been
recorded
in
stories
and
passed down for at least
Iihy generations. This hi
stcwy
is referred
to
as the "Dfeaming."
The
stories teach moral and sp/ritlJal val-
ues
and provide each member
of
the group with
an
identity that reflects tlMlle:ncIscape where the per·
son's mother fitst becomes aware
of
the oobom baby,
or
to put it In tetmS
of

the
"Dreaming:
where the
spirit OIlters the mother's body. So. I
am
saying that the
way
thai
the
Aboriginal People Identity them-
selves and
each
otlMlr. even across
groups
. Is
by
their membership
in
the oral histcwy that they share.
Narrator
1: Explain
how
the Aboriginal People are IdeIllifl8d.
Draw
upon Information
in
both the reading
and
the lecture.
Narrator 2: Please prepare

your
answer after the
beep
.
Beep
[Preparation ti
me
:
30
seconds]
Narrator
2: Please begin speaking after the
beep
.
Beep
[Recording time:
60
seconds)
Beep
r.;
n9h!~