Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 116 pptx

– provocation 271, 546
– radiation 204
– radicular 156, 204, 222
– reduction 265, 267
– referred 156, 204
–relief 1125
– – ladder 141
– sciatic 156, 482
– subacute 126
–surgicaltreatment 144
– syndrome 208, 222, 282, 291
– theories 123, 124
– transmission 133
–treatment 139
– – concepts 145
painless atrophy 299
palpation
– of bony landmarks 216
– of the paravertebral muscles 216
pantaloon cast 552
PAP, see pulmonary artery pressure
papilledema 1006
paracetamol 141, 591
paraganglioma 997, 1000
paralysisofthequadricepsmuscle 296
paralytic
– bowel dysfunction 420
– ileus 385, 422, 1113
paraparesis 487
paraplegia 18, 22, 23, 293, 297, 498, 503, 835, 1095, 1107,
1110

–non-traumaticacute 311
parasitic infection 1030
paraspinal
– abscess 1112
– muscle 605
– – fat deposits 113
paravertebral muscle 605
paresis 203, 222, 493
–flaccid 306
– of foot elevation 310
–spastic 306
parietal pleura 349, 351
Paris cast 899
Parkinson’s syndrome 333
partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 403
patient
– assessment 374
– positioning 1094
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 410, 421
Patrick test 215, 220
Pavlov index 440
PCA, see patient-controlled analgesia
PCU, see polycarbonate urethane
PE, see pulmonary embolism
pedicle
– screw 907
– – fixation 530, 561, 645
––system 71
––technique 84
– subtraction osteotomy 1072

pelvic incidence 769
penicillamine 380
penicillin 8
percutaneous
– debridement 1032
– posterolateral nucleotomy 498
Perdriolle method 635
peripheral
– nerve lesion 332
– neuropathy 524
persistent pain 135
PGE
1
, see prostaglandin E
1
Phalen-Dixon sign 738, 747, 757
Philadelphia collar 845, 866
physical
– examination 212, 223
––standing 211
––walking 211
– fitness 187
– impairment 210
– rehabilitation training
– – acceleration/deceleration training 614
––proprioception 614
––strengthendurance 614
– therapy 609
physiotherapy, scoliosis 639
pin prick 218

pincer
–effect 434
– type 913
placode 803, 816
plasma cell dyscrasia 935
plasmocytoma 961
plate fixation 867
–anterior 450
– multilevel fusion 450
platelet transfusion 404
plethysmography of the toe 398
pleural abscess 1099
PLIF, see posterior lumbar interbody fusion
PLL, see posterior longitudinal ligament
pneumonia 377, 1113
pneumothorax 1099
poliomyelitis 847
polycarbonate urethane (PCU) 83
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 83
polyneuritis 295
polyneuropathy 293, 302, 332
polysynaptic reflex 301
polytrauma 826, 841, 892, 896, 909, 918
positron emission tomography (PET) 245
posterior
– approach to the thoracolumbar spine 358
– bisegmental reduction 907
–cervicalapproach
––surgicalanatomy 344
– cord syndrome 305

– decompression surgery 337
– dynamic stabilization system 82, 85
–instrumentation 71
– longitudinal ligament (PLL) 888
– lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) 71, 75, 560, 563, 726, 753,
1104
– thoracolumbar approach
––surgicalanatomy 360
– transpedicular vertebrectomy 990
posterolateral
– corner 76
– fusion 559, 908
– vertebrectomy 992
postirradiation sarcoma 967
postoperative
– anuresis 1114
– bleeding 418, 1109
– bowel atonia 1113
– care 417, 423
– complications, see there
–extubation 418
– morbidity 417
Subject Index 1155
– pain management 420, 423
– rehabilitation 603
– – goals 607
– – principles 607, 618
– ventilation 418
post-thoracotomy pain syndrome 910
Pott’s

– disease 22, 75
–trias 23
predominant back pain
– magnetic resonance imaging 549
– standard radiographs 549
premedication 380
preoperative
– cardiac testing 375
– laboratory studies 375
– patient assessment 390
– physical examination 375
primary sensory neuron 129
progressive lumbar kyphosis 113
promontorium 366
propofol 406
proprioception 130, 218, 302, 614
prostaglandin 137, 142
–E
1
(PGE
1
) 401
prostate cancer 978
proteoglycan 44, 96, 97, 106, 767
proteolytic matrix destruction 104
prothrombin time (PT) 403
proton (
1
H)-spectroscopy 239
protoplasm 112

provocative discography 284, 551, 637
–indications 271
pseudarthrosis 79, 565, 566, 750, 909
pseudo-Las`egue sign 220, 223
pseudo-meningocele 1106
psoas 53
– abscess 1112
– muscle 351, 355
psychogenic back pain score 187
Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) 1132
PT, see prothrombin time
pulmonary
– artery pressure (PAP) 398
– care 419
– disease 382
– edema 384
– embolism (PE) 380, 1113
pulse oximeter 1100
quality of life 1130
Queckenstedt’s sign 1008
questionnaire
– availability 1124
– pain assessment 1125
– validity 1124
radial nerve palsy 219
radicular
– claudication 519
– leg pain 488, 505
– pain 156, 204, 222, 436
– syndrome 204, 491

radiculopathy 208, 261, 293, 309, 310, 320, 332, 437, 483,
488, 494, 519, 1087
–C5 464
– – spondylotic 431
– cervical 461, 464, 465
– EMG recordings 330
– herniated disc 484
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 439
– manipulative therapy 447
– radiography 439
radiograph 255
– cervical spine 229
–lateralbending 229
– lumbar spine 228
–oblique 441
– thoracic spine 228
– whole spine 229
railway spine 28
rear-end collision 834
receiver operating characteristics (ROC) 181
recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) 402
recreational activity 616
rectus abdominus 53
recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)
– lesion 1096
–palsy 464
referred pain 156, 204
reflex deficit 299
regression analysis 184
rehabilitation

– aftercare period 614
– biopsychosocial model 606
– home exercise program 609
– physical training 614
– preoperative assessment 608
– preventive strategy 604
– program 605
–protocol 608
– psychosocial obstacles 617
– rehabilitative strategy 604
– treatment strategy 604
– work-related obstacles 617
relaxation training 594
Relton Hall frame 1094
renal cell tumor 992
repetitive motion 163
rEPO, see recombinant erythropoietin
residual paraplegia 381
respiratory failure 385
retraction frame 565
retractor system 910
retrograde ejaculation 358, 1114
retrolisthesis 541
return to work 614
reversed angle technique 228
revised cardiac risk index 378
rFVIIa 404
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 376, 1041
– history 1045
– imaging studies 1045

– injection studies 1048
– non-operative treatment 1048
– operative treatment 1048
– physical findings 1045
– Ranawat classification 1044
– surgical techniques 1050
Rhomberg test 211, 438
rib
– cage deformity 648
– expander 707
rib-vertebral angle (RVA) 635
rigid collar 853
Ringer’s lactate solution 399
Risser sign 9, 632, 633, 776, 781
Robinson-Smith technique 449, 452
ROC, see receiver operating characteristics
Roland & Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) 1128
1156 Subject Index
Romanus lesion 255
Romberg’s test 302, 673
Roos test 217
Rossolimo sign 300
rotational fracture dislocation 886
rotatory atlantoaxial instability 854
roundback 774, 777
RVA, see rib-vertebral angle
sacral
– agenesis 799
–domeosteotomy 754
– sulcus 280

– tumor 957
– vertical line 627
sacrococcygeal fistula 814
sacroiliac joint 48, 220, 253
– block 280, 284
– imaging 248
– scintigraphy 1066
– syndrome 548
– – non-inflammatory 281
sacroiliitis 1065, 1066
safe triangle 263
sagittal
– balance 769
– plane deformity 693
– thoracic modifier (STM) 627
saline or balanced solution 399
salvage Gallie procedure 1104
SAPHO 237
sarcopenia 113
sarcoplasm 112
SB-Charit´e prosthesis 566
Scheuermann’s disease 14, 275, 765
– bracing 780
– casting 780
–correction 785
–fusion 785
– non-operative treatment 779
– posterior release 785
Schmorl’s node 14, 43, 771, 791
Schober test 213, 1062

Schwann cell damage 485
schwannoma 1000
SCI, see spinal cord injury
sciatic pain 156
sciatica 3, 15, 18, 164, 184, 188, 262, 270, 481, 483, 738, 931
– chemical irritation 485
–naturalhistory 494
sclerosis 110
sclerotome 207, 436
SCM, see split cord malformation
scoliosis 1, 8, 175, 320, 382, 383, 394, 397, 401, 422
–backpain 718
– complications
– – neurological injury 651
––surgery 651
– congenital 693
– – classification 695
– – curve progression 700
– – history 696
– – imaging studies 698
– – non-operative treatment 700
– – operative treatment 701
– curve assessment 630
– degenerative 713
– – classification 716
– – curve progression 719
– – decompression 724
––history 717
– – imaging studies 720
– – operative treatment 723

– etiology 679
– idiopathic 377, 623, 697, 779, 957
––complicationrate 1089
– – adolescent 638
– – assessment of physical maturity 630
– – classification 626
––complicationrate 1089
– – etiology 625
– – genetic factors 625
––history 627
– – imaging studies 632
––infantile 637
––injectionstudies 637
– – intraoperative neuromonitoring 641
––juvenile 638
– – neurological assessment 630
––neurophysiologicevaluation 637
– – non-operative options 639
– – operative treatment 641
––surgicalapproach 642
– – surgical decision-making 647
– – treatment 637
– infantile 637
–lumbar 717
– natural history 638
– neuromuscular 663
––bonegrafting 685
––bracing 678
– – classification 667
––history 669

– – imaging studies 675
– – medical assessment 673
– – non-operative treatment 677
– – operative treatment 678
––sacralandpelvicfixation 682
– – spinal cord monitoring 688
––spinalfixation 682
– pathogenesis 9
– surgery 13, 398, 410
– thoracic 719
–thoracolumbar 719
– treatment 9, 13
Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire 1132
Scotch cast 846
screw
– fixation 79
– – anterior atlantoaxial 362, 858
––anteriorodontoid 857
– – atlantoaxial pedicle 362
– – Galveston technique 368
– – iliac 366
– – lateral mass 363, 457
– – lower cervical spine pedicle 364
––lumbarspinepedicle 364
– – Magerl technique 363
––MWsacropelvic 368
– – of the occiput 361
– – pedicle 458, 561
– – posterior atlantoaxial transarticular 361
– – posterior atlantoaxial transaxial 860

– – Roy-Camille method 364
– – sacral 366
––thoracicspinepedicle 365
– – translaminar 562, 565
– trajectory
––convergent 71
––extrapedicular 73
Subject Index 1157
– transarticular 73, 84
– translaminar 73, 84
screw-rod fixation system 562, 868
segment moyen 887
segmental
– distraction 77
– hypermobility 542
– instability 544
– – temporary stabilization 552
–kyphosis 84
– motion 79, 570
– – preservation 80
SEH, see spinal epidural hematoma
selective
– nerve root block (SNRB) 283, 490, 721
– – complications 265
– – indications 262
– – pain reduction 265
– serotonin reuptake inhibitor 143
sensorimotor integration 302
SEP, see somatosensory evoked potential
septic sacroiliitis 1065, 1066

sequestrectomy 498, 502
seroma 239
serotonin (5-HT) 132
serratus muscle 347
SF-36 564, 639, 915
Sharpey’s fibers 1065
shear force 887
shoulder
– depression test 217
– pain 431
shuttle walking test 520
SIDH, see syndrome of inappropriate secretion of
antidiuretic hormone
silhouette radiograph 635
skeletal
– dysplasia 777
– metastasis, see there
– muscle, age-related changes 112
– scintigraphy 898
skin stigmata 697
slipped apophysis 496 491
slow twitch 48
SMA, see spinal muscular atrophy
smoking 187
SMT, see spinal manipulative therapy
SNRB, see selective nerve root block
sodium valproate 801
soft
– collar 845
–herniation 432

somatosensory
–cortex 134
– evoked potential (SSEP) 326, 391, 444, 523, 637, 1095
– – recording 407
spastic
–diplegia 673
– paresis 306
spasticity 463
spectroscopy 239
spina
– bifida 696, 737, 814
– – aperta 802
– – cystica 802
– – occulta 211, 798, 802, 1104
– luxata 12, 22
spinal cord
–anatomy 5
– anomalies, risk factors 801
– blood flow (SCBF) 401
– blood supply 434
– compression 220, 249, 419, 457, 463, 776, 980, 1110
– – differential diagnosis 311
– – magnetic resonance imaging 441
– decompression 462, 782, 849, 904
– deformation 489
– disease 255
– distraction 832
– edema 985
– embryological development 800
– hyperexcitability 833

– injury (SCI) 304, 330, 384, 832, 848, 871, 885, 1106
– – non-operative treatment 899
– – steroid treatment 849, 899
––traumatic 297
– ischemia 434, 652
– lesion 29, 250
– malformations 797
– – classification 802
––diagnostictests 815
– – treatment 815
– monitoring 405, 688
– signal intensity 442
– somatotopic organization 294, 320
– syndrome 304
– tumor, intrinsic resection 1012
– glial changes 137
spine/spinal
– age-related changes 111
– anatomy 4
– angiography 963
– artery syndrome 419
– arthrodesis 555, 679
– balance 650
– canal 440
––narrowing 513
––size 434
– – stenosis 246, 332, 463, 513
– – trefoil shape 515
– claudication 203, 204, 517
– column, resection 705

– cord, see there
– decompression 531
– deformity 27, 210, 222, 382, 419, 666, 687, 1058
–disorder 545
––acute 155
– – bowl and bladder disorder 303
– – central (CNS) nervous system 295
––chronic 155
– – classification 155, 167, 295
––economiccosts 159
– – epidemiology 153
– – etiology 155
– – flag system 165, 203
––history 1
– – imaging 184
––MRimaging 229
– – neurological assessment 298
– – neurological deficit 291
– – non-specific 155, 203
– – non-traumatic 291, 295
– – operative procedure 175
– – outcome of common surgical procedures 182
– – pain 204
– – peripheral nervous system (PNS) 295
––physicalexamination 211
– – risk factors 153, 165, 167
– – specific 155, 203
– – subacute 155
1158 Subject Index
– – traumatic 293

– dysraphism 797
– – history 812
– – in utero treatment 816
––surgery 816
– epidural hematoma (SEH) 381
–extension 54
– fixation 682
–flexion 54
– fracture 27, 830
– – complications 917
– – CT diagnosis 243
– – lumbar 918
– – thoracic 918
– functional unit 42, 93
– fusion 529, 554, 568, 570, 702
– – allograft 450
– – biology 555, 571
– – bone grafts 556
– – instrumented 560
– – motion preservation 566
– – non-instrumented 559
– – osteoconduction 555
– – osteogenesis 555
– – osteoinduction 555
– hemisyndrome 304
–hemorrhage 295
–hypersensitivity 833
– imaging, see there
– infection, see there
– injection 261, 551

– – contraindications 281
––rationale 262
– injury 27, 892
– – Denis classification 888
– – traumatic 384
– instability 57, 58, 546, 887
– instrumentation 67, 69, 84, 560, 563, 573, 636, 641
–ischemia 312
– kinematics 54, 62
– ligament 6, 47, 61, 111
–lipoma 806
– loading 58, 62
– manipulative therapy (SMT) 447, 465, 592
– metastasis, see there
– motion segment 55
–muscle 52
–muscularatrophy(SMA) 666
–osteoarthritis 93
– pain, see there
– pathology, flag system 588
–physiology 4
–principalfunctions 41
– rehabilitation 606
– shock 304, 325, 384, 833, 836, 894
– stability 52, 887
–stabilization 67
– stenosis, see there
– surgery, see there
–thoracic 41
– trauma 563, 929

– – imaging studies 895
– tuberculosis 9, 22, 350
– tumor, see there
– whole spine radiographs 229
splenic injury 1100
split
– cord malformation (SCM) 809
– notochord syndrome 809
spondylarthritis 715
spondylectomy 970, 993
spondyloarthropathy (SPA) 1057, 1067
spondylodesis 67, 69, 78, 79, 175
spondylodiscitis
– after discography 1111
– aseptic 1075
spondylolisthesis 3, 46, 75, 162, 175, 358, 441, 515, 516, 528,
541, 545, 715, 733, 734
–acquired 757
– acute pain 745
– classification 735
– degenerative 738, 745, 1043
– developmental 754, 757
– high-grade 747
– history 736
– imaging 739
–interbodyfusion 750
– isthmic 748
– low-grade 746
– lumbosacral 743
– non-operative treatment 745

– of the axis 860, 872
– operative treatment 747
– pathogenesis 735
–postsurgical 745
– sacral dome osteotomy 754
–slipreduction 750
– surgery 14, 752
–traumatic 871
spondylolysis 162, 175, 733
– block 276, 279, 283
– decompression 748
–fusion 748
– repair 748
spondylophytes 3
spondyloptosis 739, 756
– vertebrectomy 754
spondylosis 93, 715
–cervicalradiculopathy 431
spondylotic
– pain 437
– syndrome 436, 438, 465
spoon test 303
SPORT trial 503
Spurling’s test 217, 437
SSEP, see somatosensory evoked potential
stabilization of the subaxial cervical spine 1051
stabilizing exercise 613
standard
– limited laminotomy 501
– radiograph 227

Staphylococcus
– aureus 393
– – methicillin-resistant 394
– epidermidis 393
static loading 58
stem cell, oncogenic mutation 956
stenosis 21, 110, 111, 262, 293, 327, 515, 531, 1043, 1102
– cardinal symptoms 519
– complications 1089
– computed tomography 522
– CT myelography 522
– diagnosis 520
– foraminal 1108
–instrumentedfusion 529
– laminectomy 526
–lumbar 520
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 522
– natural history 525
– neurogenic claudication 519
Subject Index 1159
– of the carotid artery 379
– of the spinal canal 246, 513
– physical findings 520
– surgical decompression 528
sterilization 8
sternocleidomastoid muscle 339
sternocostal junction 346
sternotomy 990
stiffness 48, 71, 76
STM, see sagittal thoracic modifier

strength endurance 614
strengthening exercise 592, 612
stress
–profilometry 44
– shielding 74, 75, 79
stroke 1091
strut-grafting 910
subacute pain 126
subarachnoid hemorrhage 1005
subaxial injury
– classification 865
– vertebral 864
subcutaneous rod 707
substance P 136
sulfasalazine 1068
superficial infection 1111
superior
– laryngeal nerve 341
– – lesion 1096
– mesenteric artery syndrome 1113
suppression 237
surgery 4
– airway assessment 376
–airwaycontrol 391
– analgesia 421
– anesthesia 389, 411
– anterior lumbar retroperitoneal approach 355
– anterior medial approach 337
– anterior-lateral retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar
spine 353

– antibiotic prophylaxis 393
– blood preserving techniques 400
– body temperature 399
– cell salvage 402
– comorbidities 417
– end of anesthesia 409
– endotracheal intubation 391
– high-risk patients 373
–indications 185
– local anesthetic 422
– lumbar disc herniation 482
– maintenance of anesthesia 396
– muscle detachment 605
– organ-specific assessment 385
–outcome 179
– – biological and demographic variables 186
– – measures 179, 192
––predictors 183
– – psychological factors 187
–patient
– – assessment 374, 385
– – expectations 183
– – positioning 337, 394
– posterior approach
––tothecervicalspine 342
– – to the thoracolumbar spine 358
–postoperative
– – extubation 418
– – infections 393
––painmanagement 409

––rehabilitation 603
––ventilation 418
– preanesthetic evaluation 373
– predictors of outcome 192
– prescreening tools 179
– reoperation 530
– screw insertion 361
– successful outcome 180
– thromboembolic disease 420
Swedish lumbar spine study 569
sympathectomy syndrome 358
symphysis 356
syndesmophytes 1065
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH) 384
synfix 77
SynFrame 910
syringomyelia 635, 636, 669, 673, 803, 999
Tachosil 1098, 1099
tachycardia 384
– perioperative 418
tarsal tunnel syndrome 293
TCP, see tricalcium phosphate
TDA, see total disc arthroplasty
TDH, see thoracic disc herniation
tear-drop
– fracture 831
– injury 869
technetium-99m bone scan 961
TEE, see transesophageal echocardiography

telomere 953
tendinopathy 1062
tendon reflex 218
tendon-tap reflex 325
tenotomy 13
tension band 78
test-retest reliability 1135
tethered cord 211, 629, 635, 1093
– cutaneous markers 813
– syndrome 799, 806, 811, 812
––diagnostictests 815
––neurologicalfindings 802
––surgery 817
– – treatment 815
tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis 137
tetraparesis 444
tetraplegia 293, 297, 851
TGF- 106
thalamus 134
thecal sac 527
thiopental 406
thoracic
–curve 648
– disc herniation (TDH) 502
–discography 274
– hypokyphosis 645
– kyphosis 213, 645, 768, 775, 776, 942
– lordosis 640
– outlet syndrome (TOS) 217, 293, 333
– spine 41, 228

––injury 883
––surgery 419
thoracolumbar
– fascia 360
– fracture 883, 907
– neurological examination 892
– non-operative treatment 899
– posterior stabilization 912
– treatment guidelines 912
1160 Subject Index
– injury 895
– orthosis (TLO) 722
– spinal injury
– history 893
– operative treatment 903
– transition 885
thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) 722
thoraco-lumbotomy 643
thoraco-phrenico-lumbotomy 728
– left-sided 350
–surgicalanatomy 352
thoracoplasty 647
thoracoscopy 649, 911
thoracotomy 345, 377, 643, 988
– complications 1098
– right-sided 346
–surgicalanatomy 348
thorax trauma 909
three-joint complex 93, 542
thrombectomy 1100

thrombocytes
–abnormalities 626
–metallophilic 626
thrombocytopenia 404
thyroid tumor 992
tight filum terminale 807
titanium mesh cage 1036
TIVA, see total intravenous anesthesia
TKA, see total knee arthroplasty
TLIF, see transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
TLO, see thoracolumbar orthosis
TLS, see translaminar screw
TLSO, see thoracolumbosacral orthosis
TMS, see transcranial magnetic stimulation
TNF- , see tumor necrosis factor
TOF, see train-of-four
Tokuhashi scoring system 984
tonsillectomy 853
torticollis 1006, 1024
TOS, see thoracic outlet syndrome
total
– disc arthroplasty (TDA) 455, 466, 566, 567, 571
– – ProDisc-L 568
– intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) 396
– joint replacement 568
– knee arthroplasty (TKA) 80
tracheotomy 418, 1100
traction table 11, 12, 29
train-of-four (TOF) 400
tramadol 142

tranexamic acid 403
transarticular screw 73, 84
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 319, 328
transduction 129
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) 398
transforaminal
– lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) 75, 563
– procedure 75
– steroid injection 447
transient receptor potential (TRP) channel 129
transitional vertebrae 541
translaminar screw (TLS) 68, 73, 84
– fixation 562
translation motion 545
transmission 130
transpedicular reduction osteotomy 725
transpharyngeal stereotactic needle biopsy 964
transverse
–abdominus 53
– alar ligament disruption 857
– incision 339
– myelitis 498
trauma 56
traumatic
– fracture at the thoracolumbar junction 883
– spondylolisthesis 830
– – of the axis 860
– sympathectomy 384
Traver’s case 25
tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 557

Trömner sign 300
trophic hormone 92
trunk
– imbalance 213
–muscle 48
T-score 929
tuberculin skin test 1025
tuberculosis 9, 11, 13, 22, 350, 765, 1023, 1025, 1027, 1029,
1036
–gibbosity 12
tumor 295, 327
– adjuvant therapy 967, 973
– back pain 957
–benign 965
– biology 953, 973
–biopsy 964
– capsule 1014, 1016
– cervical 1006
– classification 973
– compression fracture 959
– curetage 968
– cyst 1003
– en-bloc resection 968, 970
– endovascular embolization 992
– excessive bleeding 1108
– genetic studies 998
–histology 956
– imaging studies 958
–intradural 997
– – cytology 1009

– – imaging studies 1007
––non-surgicaltreatment 1009
– – surgical treatment 1009
– intradural-extramedullary 999
– – surgical techniques 1010
– intradural-intramedullary 1002
– intralesional resection 968, 969
–intramedullary 1005
– intraoperative neuromonitoring 329
–localrecurrences 973
– malignant 966
– musculoskeletal 953
– necrosis 959
– non-operative treatment 967
– non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 967
– of the central nervous system 997
– of the cervical spine 988
– of the foramen magnum 1006
– of the lumbar spine 992
– of the mediastinum 978
– of the retroperitoneum 978
– of the sacrum 970
– of the thoracic spine 988
– operative treatment 968
–poor-prognosistype 956
– reconstruction of the spine 970
–resection 988
– sacral 957
– spinal angiography 963
– spinal stabilization 988

Subject Index 1161
– staging 964, 986
– technetium scan 961
–treatment 973
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF- ) 105, 106, 1061, 1068
–exogenous 486
– inhibitor 1048
ulnar nerve
–lesion 310
–palsy 219
– syndrome 444
ultrasonography 247
umbilicus 356
Unterberger’s stepping test 302
upper limb tension test (ULTT) 438
ureteral injury 1103
urinary
– bladder
– – dysfunction 1114
– – injury 1103
– tract infection 1114
uroflowmetry 491
vagal nerve 294
VAI, see vertebral artery insufficiency
Valsalva maneuver 217, 438
vanilloid receptor 129
variable screw system (VSP) 562
VA S , s e e V i s u a l A n a l o g u e S c a l e
vascular
– compression theory 517, 531

– prosthesis 1091
vascularization, age-related changes 102
VBCF, see vertebral body compression fracture
venous
–congestion 517
– laceration 1102
– thromboembolism 380
VEPTR, see vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib
Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) 1127
vertebra/vertebral 1
– angioma 987
– ankylosing 111
–artery
– – injury 1103
– – insufficiency (VAI) 842
– body 43, 61
– – age-related changes 110, 114
– – biomechanical function 42
– – compression fracture (VBCF) 925, 942
– – height 931
– – metastases 979
– – reconstruction 988
––screw 642
– body compression fracture (VBCF)
––bracing 936
– – cement reinforcement 939
– – operative treatment 937
– – restoration of lordosis 939
––treatment 936
– – vertebroplasty 938

– column alteration 1065
– compression fracture 111
– fracture 898, 926, 1043
––history 930
– geometry 43
– kyphosis 1059
– osteomyelitis 1021, 1025
–spineinjury
– – classification 887
vertebrectomy 78, 687, 754, 970
– posterior transpedicular 990
– posterolateral 992
vertebrobasilar insufficiency 1045
vertebroplasty 938, 960, 987
– local cement leakage 940
vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) 648
vertobrectomy 681
vessel
– laceration 1096
– ligation 1107
vibration 218
videofluoroscopy 545
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 208, 915, 916, 1126
von Hippel-Lindau disease 998, 1003
von Willebrand’s disease 404
VSP, see variable screw system
WAD, see whiplash-associated disorder
Waddell sign 221
waistline asymmetry 627, 629
wake-up test (WUT) 390, 395,408

Wallenburg’s syndrome 842
wear and tear 539
wedge
– compression fracture 885
– osteotomy 725
– vertebra 695, 708
whiplash
– injury 28, 827, 871
– syndrome 157, 167
whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) 157, 208, 827, 833, 871
– classification 836
– radiograph 252
– treatment 844
WHO Quality of Life instruments 1130
wide-dynamic range (WDR) neuron 131
windshield wiper effect 368
windswept deformity 672
winking owl sign 959
work conditioning program 594
workers’ compensation 189
wound
– erysipelas 1111
– healing 605
– infection 652, 1110
– persistent drainage 1112
WUT, see wake-up test
xanthochromia 1009
X-ray 8
zygapophyseal joint, see also facet joint 41
1162 Subject Index

The Editors
Norbert Boos was born in Germany in 1960 and is a Swiss citizen. He studied at
the University of Saarland, Germany, and the University of Basle, Switzerland. He
then received an international training as an orthopedic and spinal surgeon in
Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Since
1997 he has been Head of Spinal Surgery at the Orthopaedic University Hospital
Balgrist, University of Zürich, Switzerland. He received his venia legendi at the
University of Zürich in 1999 and was promoted to Titular Professor in 2005. Nor-
bert Boos has a long track record in clinical and basic spinal research. He has
published over 100 articles and book chapters in many areas of spinal disorders
and has won numerous prestigious awards in the fields of spinal surgery and
research. In 2002, he received a Master’s degree in Business Administration from
the University of Zürich and has developed a keen interest in health-care eco-
nomics as well as health-care technology assessment and transfer. He is a found-
ing member of AO Spine, a Deputy Editor of the European Spine Journal,anda
board member of EuroSpine, the Spine Society of Europe.
Max Aebi was born in Switzerland in 1948 and is a Swiss/Canadian dual citizen.
He studied at the University of Bern, became a board certified General and
Orthopedic Surgeon (FMH and FRCSC), and did his spine fellowship training in
Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. From 1992 to 2002, he held
the positions of Professor and Chair, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
Orthopaedic Surgeon-in-Chief, McGill University Health Center; and Adjunct
Professor of Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal,
Canada. In 1999, he received an AMP diploma from INSEAD, Fontainebleau, and
in 2002 was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the Universit´edelaM´editerra-
n´ee, Marseilles, France. Since 2002, Max Aebi has been Professor and Co-Chair of
the MEM Research Center, University of Bern, and Chief of Staff, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirslanden-Salem Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. Max Aebi
is Co-Founder and Past Chairman of AO Spine, a member of the European Aca-
damy of Science, and the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the European Spine

Journal, the highest rated scientific journal in musculoskeletal medicine in
Europe.
1163
The Medical Illustrator
Alain Blank is a scientific illustrator and graphic designer. He founded his
agency for visual communication, Blankvisual, in 2001 after having acquired a
vast experience as a freelance and scientific illustrator for many international
agencies and companies. The specialities of illustration, photography, video,
computer animation and interaction design are all part of his and Blankvisual’s
repertoire. Currently he is developing interactive e-learning programs on the
locomotor apparatus for the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Zürich. The
DVD Anatomy of the Locomotor Apparatus (Biomedia SA), for which Alain Blank
supplied the anatomical illustrations, has been honored with Prix Möbius Inter-
national and Worlddidac awards. Alain Blank is also regularly invited to lecture
on visual communication and scientific visualization at the Zürich University of
the Arts.
www.blankvisual.ch
1164
The Artist
Arnaldo Ricciardi was born in Italy in 1954. After finishing public school and
attending high school in Zürich, he continued his training at the School of Art in
Lugano. Apart from this school, contact with the painter Leo Maillet (1902–1990)
was of great importance to the prospective artist’s progress.
Working with Maillet, who had been a student of Max Beckmann in Germany,
Ricciardi had the opportunity to extend his understanding of painting, which is
clearly noticeable when considering his mastery in dealing with the painting
medium.
In the course of his further development, the artist’s point of view shifted
increasingly from figure to color. He created works which speak for themselves
without referring to objects. Rarely, in the form of fragments emerging between

the different coats of color, indications of drawing were visible.
Ricciardi’s style became more and more abstract over time. Today, he puts the
main emphasis on colorfields – constructions “floating freely” and dominating
the general impression of his work. Such colorfields can be built up in various
ways but are usually intensely correlated. Some appear buoyant and transparent,
others heavy and opaque. Carefully selected matched tones make a strong
impression on the observer.
The characteristic tints arise during the painting process when color composi-
tions are changed again and again. The doctrine of colors, to which Arnaldo dedi-
cated himself during his academic years, now works to his advantage when deal-
ing with color compositions. Fundamental to Ricciardi’s compositions is that he
keeps away from customary classifications within his paintings. There is neither
a classic foreground nor background in his works. Spaces, provided that any occur
in his paintings, result from the interaction of different colors forming fields
which indicate distances between the different color levels, giving his paintings a
strong expressiveness. His work is regularly exhibited at international art fairs.
www.arnaldo.ch
spazio rosso 8, 2007recipienti 34, 2007
1165
bluenote 13, 2008
bluenote 18, 2008
1166