The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 101 ppt

980 Maps of Philosophy
Metaphysics Main related subjects
1
See being.
2
See universals.
3
See substance; qualities; relations; event.
Topics in metaphysics
Monism Ontology
1
Identity Causation Space and time Appearance
and and reality
pluralism Personal identity Philosophy
of science
Abstract Categories
3
Intentional Mind and God
objects
2
objects body
Predication Phenomenology Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of language
Logic
Types of metaphysics
Descriptive Revisionary
Logic and philosophical logic
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of mind
Phenomenology
Philosophy of religion

Philosophy of science
Maps of Philosophy 981
Realism
1
The view that one can say ‘A is the same as B’ without specifying ‘A is the same so-and-so as B’.
As doctrine
of universals
(contrasts include
conceptualism;
nominalism;
resemblance theories)
Extreme Moderate
(platonism)(duns scotus,
aristotle)
Re the world
(contrasts
include
idealism;
phenomenalism)
Ordinary Perspective
realism realism:
nature of
object depends
on relation to
other objects
Modal:
possible but non-actual
worlds are real
(contrasts include
fictionalism: such

worlds are mere
inventions)
Causal
(contrasts include
constant-conjunction
theories; other
forms of
reductionism)
Moral
(contrasts
include
subjectivism;
relativism;
scepticism)
Re identity
1
(contrasts
include
conceptualism
Re truth
as transcending
knowability
(contrasts
include
anti-realism;
irrealism,
quasi-realism)
Re perception
(contrasts include
representative

theories, or
indirect realism;
idealism)
Naïve Direct Critical New
realism realism realism realism
(reid)
982 Maps of Philosophy
Logic and philosophical logic Main related subjects
1
See conditionals.
2
See logical necessity.
3
See paradoxes. 4 See bivalence; excluded middle.
Deductive
Philosophical logic Symbolic logic
Informal Theory Theory Theory of Metalogic Formal Mathematical Model
logic of meaning of truth implication
1
logic logic theory
Relation of Set theory Proof theory
logical terms or metamathematics
to ordinary
language Boolean algebra
Types of Deontic Modal Propositional Predicate Many-valued
implication logic logic
2
calculus calculus logic
Traditional
(syllogistic) logic

Philosophy Entailment Strict Formal
of language (
RUSSELL, Material Pragmatic
now rare)
Relevance Implicature
logic Moral philosophy Decision theory (
GRICE)
Types Bearers Dimensions Nature Bearers Applicability
of meaning of meaning of meaning of truth
3
of truth of truth
4
Non-cognitive Cognitive Literal Metaphorical Analogical
Emotive Prescriptive Words Phrases Sentences
Inductive Philosophy of science
Probability Confirmation Logic of
theory theory explanation
Abduction Teleological Covering-law
model
Philosophy of history
Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of science
Metaphysics
Maps of Philosophy 983
Philosophy of language Main related subjects
1
See also map of Logic and philosophical logic above.
Presuppositions of language
The possibility Innate Intensionality Philosophy of mind

of private ideas
language
Language Language Language
and animals and machines and people
Common features The possibility
of all known of a language
languages of thought (
FODOR)
Structural features: Metaphysical features:
modes of representation role of particulars,
(
CHOMSKY) possibility of feature-
placing languages
(
STRAWSON)
Nature of language
Grammar Language and Language and
other symbolic interpretation:
systems translatability,
analyticity
Deep structure Deep structure
and surface and logical
structure form
Logic and
philosophical logic
Philosophy of mind
Epistemology
Moral philosophy
Linguistics
Semiotics

Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Hermeneutics
Formal Theories of Types of
Logic meaning
1
implication
1
Speech-act theories
Meaning Names, Subjects
and truth descriptions, and
and predicates
indexical
signs
Sense and reference;
connotation and denotation
984 Maps of Philosophy
Philosophy of mind Main related subjects
1
See externalism; individualism.
Metaphysics Nature of mind
Mind and body Nature of the Minds and Intentionality
1
Consciousness
self: personal machines
identity
Is it dispensable? Relations between
consciousness and
mental dispositions
(including unconscious
desires and beliefs)
Our knowledge of mind

One’s own Other
mind minds
Epistemology
Epistemology
Metaphysics
Moral philosophy
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of psychology
Cognitive science
Cybernetics
Information theory
Psychology
Neuroscience
Contents of mind
Cognitive states Affective states Conative states
Feelings Emotions Moods Philosophy of The Freedom and
action will determinism
Is dispositional
analysis possible?
Certainty Belief Supposition Conjecture Mere
entertaining
Maps of Philosophy 985
Theories of mind and body
Dualism
Substance Epiphenom- No-ownership Nomic Property
dualism enalism view correlation dualism
Interactionism Parallelism Overlapping
—causal, (strawson)
between chains
(descartes)

Causal, Pre-established Occasionalism
within harmony (malebranche)
chains (leibniz)
Biological naturalism
(searle)
Monism
Materialism Intermediate Idealism
theories (berkeley)
Hylozoism Identity Behaviourism Eliminative Functionalism
theories (watson) materialism
(churchlands)
Type Token
Anomalous Double-aspect Neutral Hylomorphism
monism theory monism (aristotle)
(davidson)(spinoza)(james
russell)
986 Maps of Philosophy
Moral philosophy (or ethics) Main related subjects
1
See moral realism; subjectivism; relativism.
Theoretical
Metaethics Normative ethics
Deontology: Axiology:
questions questions
about duty about value
Aesthetics
Nature of Moral Moral
morality psychology epistemology
Objectivity Nature of Moral Decision Descriptive Nature of Nature of
of morality

1
responsibility motivation theory ethics moral knowledge moral arguments
and its
connection
with free Logic Game theory Justification Deontic
will of moral views logic
Philosophy
of mind Logic
Applied
Business Legal Medical Bioethics Environmental
ethics ethics ethics ethics
Philosophy Philosophy Philosophy
of economics of law of science
Aesthetics
Philosophy of economics
Political philosophy
Social philosophy
Philosophy of law
Philosophy of mind
Logic and philosophical
logic
Maps of Philosophy 987
Ethical theories
Relativism
Absolutism
Deontological views Virtue Teleological views
theories
Divine-command Rationalism Intuitionism Consequentialism Theories of justice Perfectionism
views
Kantianism Contract Of principles Of particular Egoism Universalism Altruism Distributive justice Corrective justice

views (r. price, facts
(plato, cudworth)
rawls) Distribution of Distribution of Distribution of
satisfaction good things opportunity
Utilitarianism
Positive Negative Preference
Act Rule Act Rule Act Rule
Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic Ideal Hedonistic
(moore)(sidgwick)
Non-cognitivism
Prescriptivism Emotivism
(hare)(ayer, stevenson)
988 Maps of Philosophy
Political philosophy Main related subjects
Questions of justification
Justifications Justifications Justifications
for property for existence of behaviour
of state or
for type
of state Of Of
state citizens
Purpose Basis of Justification
of state state of rebellion
or political
violence
To citizens To foreigners
Respecting Rights Punishment Emigration
civil of
liberties citizenship
To foreign states To foreign individuals

Commercial War Right to International
relations a homeland law
Immigration Rights of Extradition
citizenship
Moral philosophy
Social philosophy
Philosophy of economics
Philosophy of law
Political science
Questions of analysis
Authority Ideology Sovereignty Justice
and
obedience
Its Its Nature Punishment
location nature of state
Types of
constitution
Democracy Oligarchy Timocracy Plutocracy Monarchy Tyranny Totalitarian
(dictatorship) regime
Maps of Philosophy 989
Political theories
Political ideologies
Left–right Others
spectrum
Anarchism Syndicalism
Communism Democratic Liberalism Conservatism Fascism
socialism
Defences of types of constitution
Justice Aims
Contract

External Minimal Egalitarianism, Welfare
defence state preservation state
of rights
Political values
Justice Freedom Welfare
Internal: External: Freedom Freedom Maximizing Egalitarian
state and citizens between states from to (bentham)
Equality of Equality of Equality of
satisfaction good things opportunity
Political polarities
Liberalism/ Liberalism/ Egalitarianism/ Public/private Collectivism
authoritarianism egalitarianism hierarchical ownership (rousseau,
structures marx)/
individualism
(locke)