The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 3 ppsx

gary b. palmer (PhD 1971) is emeritus professor of anthropology at the University
of Nevada, Las Vegas. His main research interests involve the overlap of cultural
categories and polysemy in lexical constructions as an approach to ethnosemantics.
He has published research on polysemy in Tagalog (Austronesian) verbal pre-
fixes, cultural determinants of Shona (Bantu) noun classifiers, and polysemy in
Snchitsu’umshtsn (Salish) spatial prefixes. His publications include Toward a
Theory of Cultural Linguistics (1996); Languages of Sentiment: Cultural Construc-
tions of Emotional Substrates (edited with Debra J. Occhi, 1999); Cognitive Lin-
guistics and Non-Indo-European Languages (edited with Gene Casad, 2003); and the
special issue ‘‘Talking about Thinking across Language’’ (edited with Cliff Goddard
and Penny Lee; Cognitive Linguistics, 2003). His involvement with Cognitive Lin-
guistics dates from his first encounter with Langacker’s Foundations of Cognitive
Grammar, which he first read in the late 1980s. Gary B. Palmer can be reached at

klaus-uwe panther (PhD 1976) is professor of English linguistics at the University
of Hamburg. He has had a long-standing interest in pragmatics and its influence on
grammatical structure culminated in two monographs. With Linda Thornburg, he
was one of the first scholars in Cognitive Linguistics to recognize the importance
of conceptual metonymy as a natural inference schema that underlies much of
pragmatic reasoning (see, e.g., Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing,withLinda
Thornburg, 2003). He is a member of the editorial board of Cognitive Linguistics and
is on the advisory/referee board of several other journals. He is also a member of the
editorial board of Benjamins’s Cognitive Linguistics in Practice series. Currently, he
is the president of the International Cognitive Linguistics Association. Klaus-Uwe
Panther can be reached at
eric pederson (PhD 1991) is associate professor of linguistics at the University of
Oregon. The overarching theme of his research is the relationship between lan-
guage and conceptual processes. He was a student at the University of California,
Berkeley, working within Cognitive Linguistics with George Lakoff, Dan Slobin,
Eve Sweetser, and Leonard Talmy since 1980. He joined the Max Planck Institute
for Psycholinguistics in 1991 until 1997, where he began working on issues more

specific to linguistic relativity. Relevant publications include ‘‘Geographic and
Manipulable Space in Two Tamil Linguistic Systems’’ (1993); ‘‘Language as Con-
text, Language as Means: Spatial Cognition and Habitual Language use’’ (1995);
‘‘Semantic Typology and Spatial Conceptualization’’ (with Eve Danziger, Stephen
Levinson, Sotaro Kita, Gunter Senft, and David Wilkins, 1998); ‘‘Through the
Looking Glass: Literacy, Writing Systems and Mirror Image Discrimination’’ (with
Eve Danziger, 1998); and ‘‘Mirror-Image Discrimination among Nonliterate,
Monoliterate, and Biliterate Tamil Speakers’’ (2003). In addition to linguistic rel-
ativity, his general interests include semantic typology, field/descriptive linguistics
(South India), and the representation of events. Eric Pederson can be reached at

frank polzenhagen (PhD 2005) is a member of a research and dictionary project
on West African English in progress at Humboldt University Berlin, where he
xx contributors
earned his doctorate. His PhD thesis explores cultural conceptualizations in West
African English. In his work, he seeks to combine the cognitive linguistic approach
with concepts from anthropological linguistics and with corpus-linguistic methods
and to apply this framework to the study of what has been termed ‘‘New Englishes’’
in sociolinguistics. His further research interests include Critical Discourse Anal-
ysis, metaphor theory, intercultural communication, and verb morphology. Frank
Polzenhagen can be reached at
martin pu
¨
tz (PhD 1987, Dr habil. 1993) is professor of linguistics and English
language at the University of Koblenz-Landau (Campus Landau, Germany). He
taught for several years at the Universities of Duisburg, Du
¨
sseldorf, Greifswald, and
Groningen. His main research interests involve the fields of applied Cognitive
Linguistics, multilingualism, and foreign language teaching/learning. Among his

publications are several edited volumes, including The Construal of Space in
Language and Thought (with Rene
´
Dirven, 1996); Applied Cognitive Linguistics, 2
vols. (with Susanne Niemeier and Rene
´
Dirven, 2001); Cognitive Models in Lan-
guage and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings (with Rene
´
Dirven and
Roslyn Frank, 2003); Language, Discourse and Ideology (with JoAnne Neff-van
Aertselaer and Teun van Dijk, 2004); and ‘Along the Routes to Power’: Explorations
of Empowerment through Language (with Joshua A. Fishman and JoAnne Neff-van
Aertselaer, 2006). He is the review editor and an editorial board member of the
journal Cognitive Linguistics.In1989, he organized, with Rene
´
Dirven, the First
International Cognitive Linguistics Conference at the University of Duisburg,
Germany. Since the year 2000, he has been the main organizer of the biannual
International LAUD Symposium, held at Landau University, Germany. Martin
Pu
¨
tz can be reached at
tim rohrer (PhD 1998) took his PhD in the philosophy of Cognitive Science at the
University of Oregon under the guidance of Mark Johnson. Since 1987, when he
first saw the potential of using cognitive semantics as a tool to analyze the political
rhetoric of international peacemaking negotiations, he has been an active re-
searcher and frequent contributor to the field. In 1994, he founded the online
Center for the Cognitive Science of Metaphor at the University of Oregon to
disseminate cognitive semantics research on the World Wide Web. He has recently

held a Fulbright Fellowship at the Center for Semiotic Research in Aarhus, Den-
mark (where he collaborated with Per Aage Brandt and Chris Sinha on Embodi-
ment Theory), and a NIH Fellowship to the Institute for Neural Computation and
the Department of Cognitive Science at the University of California, San Diego,
where he conducted ERP and fMRI studies on conceptual metaphor. Currently, he
is at work on a book tentatively titled Sensual Language: Embodiment, Cognition
and the Brain and directs the Colorado Advanced Research Institute. Tim Rohrer
can be reached at
ted sanders (PhD 1992) is professor of Dutch language use and discourse studies at
Utrecht University, Netherlands. His research concentrates on discourse structure
and coherence. Striving for an interdisciplinary approach, he combines Cognitive
Linguistics and text linguistics with the psycholinguistics of discourse processing, as
contributors xxi
well as with his interest in text and document design. He is currently the head of a
research project on ‘‘Causality and Subjectivity in Discourse and Cognition,’’ funded
by the Dutch organization for scientific research (NWO). He is the (co-)author of
several articles published in edited volumes and international journals, such as
Cognitive Linguistics, Discourse Processes, Journal of Pragmatics, Reading and Writing,
Text,andWritten Communication. He recently coedited special issues of Cognitive
Linguistics and Discourse Processes, and with Joost Schilperoord and Wilbert Spoo-
ren, he edited Text Representation: Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Approaches (2001).
Ted Sanders can be reached at
hans-jo
¨
rg schmid (PhD 1992) holds the chair of Modern English Linguistics at
Munich University, Germany. His interest in Cognitive Linguistics dates back to
the late 1980s, when he started working on his PhD thesis on categorization as a
basic principle of semantic analysis, published in 1993. Together with Friedrich
Ungerer he wrote the first book-sized introductory text to the whole field of
Cognitive Linguistics, An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics (1996; rev. 2nd ed.,

2006). He has published articles on categorization, metaphor, compounding
from a cognitive linguistic perspective, and the methodology of prototype theory,
as well as on the reifying and encapsulating functions of abstract nouns, which
are investigated in detail in his monograph English Abstract Nouns as Conceptual
Shells: From Corpus to Cognition (2000). His most recent book, Englische Morpho-
logie und Wortbildung: Eine Einf
€
uuhrung (2005), includes a new cognitive linguis-
tic perspective on English word-formation. Schmid initiated the foundation of
the Interdisciplinary Centre for Cognitive Language Research at Munich Univer-
sity. Hans-Jo
¨
rg Schmid can be reached at
muenchen.de.
gunter senft (PhD 1982) is senior research fellow at the Max Planck Institute
for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen and extraordinary professor of general linguis-
tics at the University of Cologne (see />gunter.html for more information). His interest in Cognitive Linguistics dates
from the 1980s, when he started investigating the system of nominal classification
in Kilivila, the Austronesian language of the Trobriand Islanders of Papua New
Guinea. He has been studying the language and the culture of the Trobriand
Islanders since 1982 (including 37 months of fieldwork so far). His main research
interests include Austronesian (especially Oceanic) and Papuan languages, anthro-
pological linguistics, pragmatics, lexical semantics, the interface between language,
culture, and cognition, the conceptualization of space, and the documentation of
endangered languages. His publications include the following books: Sprachliche
Variet
€
aat und Variation im Sprachverhalten Kaiserslauterer Metallarbeiter ( 1982);
Kilivila: The Language of the Trobriand Islanders (1986); Classificatory particles in
Kilivila (1996); Referring to Space: Studies in Austronesian and Papuan Languages

(1997); and Systems of Nominal Classification (2000). He is senior editor of Prag-
matic, the journal of the International Pragmatics Association, and was one of the
founding members of the European Society for Oceanists and of the Gesellschaft
fu
¨
r bedrohte Sprachen. Gunter Senft can be reached at
xxii contributors
chris sinha (PhD 1988) is professor of psychology of language in the Department
of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. His first degree was in
developmental psychology, and he remains (if critically) a devotee of the grand
narratives of Baldwin, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Wallon, as well as finding lasting
inspiration in the work of Jerry Bruner and Colwyn Trevarthen. His involvement
with Cognitive Linguistics was triggered by reading Langacker and Lakoff, and by
the first International Cognitive Linguistics Conference in Duisburg in 1989, or-
ganized by Rene
´
Dirven. These enlightening experiences convinced him that
Cognitive Linguistics was indispensable for interdisciplinary work in the cognitive
and language sciences. His central research interest is in the developmental rela-
tions between language, cognition, and culture, and he co-organized the Inter-
national Conference on Language, Culture, and Mind at Portsmouth in 2004.A
main aim of his research is to integrate Cognitive Linguistic with sociocultural
approaches to language acquisition and development. He was the initiator of Pro-
ject SCALA, which pioneered a cognitive semantic-based approach to language
acquisition and development, focusing on the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural
study of the development of spatial language and cognition. He is author of Lan-
guage and Representation: A Socio-naturalistic Approach to Human Development
(1988) and of numerous articles in cultural and developmental psychology, lin-
guistics, education, evolutionary and comparative biology, and anthropology.
Chris Sinha can be reached at

dirk speelman (PhD 1997) is associate professor at the Department of Linguistics,
University of Leuven, where he teaches corpus linguistics and ICT for language
students. In his PhD, he explored possibilities for cross-fertilization between
theoretical concepts from Cognitive Linguistics (notably prototype theory) and
empirical methods from quantitative corpus linguistics. Speelman is coauthor of
Convergentie en divergentie in de Nederlandse woordenschat (with Dirk Geeraerts
and Stefan Grondelaers, 1999). He also is author of several software tools in sup-
port of quantitative corpus-based or corpus-driven analysis of language (e.g., the
tool Abundantia Verborum). His main research interest lies in the fields of corpus
linguistics, computational lexicology, and variationist linguistics in general. Much
of his work focuses on methodology and on the application of statistical and other
quantitative methods to the study of language. Dirk Speelman can be reached at

wilbert spooren (PhD 1989) is professor of language and communication at the
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands. His research focuses on issues of text
structure and coherence. He is interested in combining insights from the fields of
Cognitive Linguistics, text linguistics, and psycholinguistics, and in doing so, ap-
plies various research methodologies (both qualitative and quantitative—the latter
comprising corpus studies, experiments, and survey studies). In order to stimulate
the interdisciplinary discussion of issues of text structure, he has, since 1995, been
involved in the organization of a series of international biannual workshops called
Multidisciplinary Approaches to Discourse (MAD). He has published on discourse
structure, genre, interestingness, and persuasiveness, in edited volumes and in
contributors xxiii
journals such as Cognitive Linguistics, Discourse Processes, and Journal of Research in
Reading. Together with Ted Sanders and Joost Schilperoord, he edited a book vol-
ume on Text Representation (2001). Wilbert Spooren can be reached at w.spooren@
let.vu.nl.
soteria svorou (PhD 1988) is professor of linguistics at San Jose
´

State University,
California. Her main research interests lie with the intersection of lexical seman-
tics, semantic typology and universals, and grammaticalization. Her involvement
with Cognitive Linguistics dates from the 1980s, when she started to investigate the
expression of spatial relations across languages. Her monograph, The Grammar
of Space (1994), represents an example of how the theoretical tools of Cognitive
Linguistics can be used to analyze synchronic, cross-linguistic, and diachronic
aspects of spatial grammatical forms. It was followed by other published work on
issues of semantic typology and grammaticalization of spatial grammatical forms.
Her current research interests include the syntax and semantics of multiverb
constructions across languages. Soteria Svorou can be reached at ssvorou@email
.sjsu.edu.
leonard talmy (PhD 1972) is professor of linguistics and adjunct professor of
philosophy and was director of the Center for Cognitive Science for thirteen years
through summer 2004 at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
His broader research interests cover Cognitive Linguistics, the properties of con-
ceptual organization, and cognitive theory. His more specific interests within lin-
guistics center on natural language semantics, including: typologies and universals
of semantic structure; the relationship between semantic structure and formal
linguistic structures—lexical, morphological, and syntactic; and the relation of this
material to diachrony, discourse, development, impairment, and culture. Addi-
tional specializations are in American Indian and Yiddish linguistics. Over the
years, he has published several articles on these topics, which have been collected in
the two-volume set, Toward a Cognitive Semantics: volume 1, Concept Structur-
ing Systems; volume 2, Typology and Process in Concept Structuring (2000). He is
currently working on a book for MIT Press titled The Attention System of Language.
He was elected a Fellow of the Cognitive Science Society in its 2002 inaugural
selection of Fellows (and had been a founding member of the society). He is on a
number of journal and governing boards. He is included in Outstanding People of
the 20th Century and in International Who’s Who of Intellectuals (13th ed.). Leonard

Talmy can be reached at
john r. taylor (PhD 1979) is senior lecturer in linguistics at the University of
Otago, New Zealand; previously he was at the University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, and the University of Trier, Germany. His interest in Cognitive
Linguistics dates from the 1980s, when, after having completed his doctoral thesis
on acoustic phonetics, he chanced upon a preprint of some chapters of Langacker’s
Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. He is author of Linguistic Categorization (1989;
2nd ed., 1995; 3rd rev. ed., 2003; and translated into Japanese, Korean, Italian, and
Polish), Possessives in English (1996), and Cognitive Grammar (which appeared in
2003 in the Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics series). He has also coedited two vol-
xxiv contributors
umes: Language and the Cognitive Construal of the World (with Robert MacLaury,
1996) and Current Approaches to Lexical Semantics (with Hubert Cuyckens and
Rene
´
Dirven, 2003). Since 1996, he has been one of the editors (alongside Ronald
Langacker and Rene
´
Dirven) of the series Cognitive Linguistics Research, pub-
lished by Mouton de Gruyter. His main research interests are lexical semantics, the
syntax-semantics interface, and phonetics/phonology in a Cognitive Linguistics
perspective. John R Taylor can be reached at
linda l. thornburg (PhD 1984) taught linguistics at California State University,
Fresno, and Cognitive and Functional Linguistics at Eo
¨
tvo
¨
s Lora
´
nd University,

Budapest. She has been an occasional lecturer in the Department of English and
American Studies at Hamburg University. Her interest in semantic and pragmatic
explanations in historical linguistics, a topic pursued in her dissertation on syn-
tactic reanalysis in early English, led her quite naturally to Cognitive Linguistics.
Since 1994 she has been collaborating with Klaus-Uwe Panther on various projects
on the role of metonymy in conceptual and grammatical structure and language
use. Thornburg and Panther’s key ideas on the role of metonymy in pragmatic
inferencing were laid out in an article in the Journal of Pragmatics (1998) and
applied and refined in many subsequent publications culminating in their edited
volume Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing (2003). They are currently working
on an edited volume Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar. Thornburg serves on
the advisory boards of several (cognitive linguistic) journals, and she is a board
member of the Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States. She is
coeditor (with Janet M. Fuller) of the forthcoming Studies in Contact Linguis-
tics: Essays in Honor of Glenn G. Gilbert. Linda L. Thornburg can be reached at

michael tomasello (PhD 1980) is codirector of the Max Planck Institute for
Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. His major research interests include pro-
cesses of social cognition, social learning, and communication from a develop-
mental, comparative, and cultural perspective, with special emphasis on aspects
related to language and its acquisition. His current theoretical focus involves
processes of shared intentionality. Major publications include First Verbs: A Case
Study of Early Grammatical Development (1992); The Cultural Origins of Human
Cognition (1999); and Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language
Acquisition (2003). Michael Tomasello can be reached at
david tuggy (PhD 1981) has been a member of the Summer Institute of Lin-
guistics (SIL) since 1970. He studied at the University of California, San Diego,
and wrote one of the first dissertations within the Space Grammar (later Cogni-
tive Grammar) framework. It was the first to be based on a non-Indo-European
language. He has published a number of articles from a Cognitive Linguistics per-

spective and has taught Cognitive Grammar at a number of universities and work-
shops in Latin America, the United States, and elsewhere. He has published (in
Spanish) a grammar of Orizaba Nawatl (available at />and is coordinator of the Mexico Web site of SIL ( />Among his research interests are Nahuatl, inadvertent blends and other bloopers (a
contributors xxv
forthcoming book is titled My Brain Has a Mind of Its Own), and lexicography.
David Tuggy can be reached at
mark turner (PhD 1983) is institute professor at Case Western Reserve Univer-
sity. He took his PhD in English language and literature and his MA in mathe-
matics from the University of California, Berkeley. His books include Death Is the
Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism (1987); Reading Minds: The Study of
English in the Age of Cognitive Science (1991); The Literary Mind: The Origins of
Thought and Language (1996); and Cognitive Dimensions of Social Science: The Way
We think about Politics, Economics, Law, and Society (2001). He has been a visiting
professor at the Colle
`
ge de France and a fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study,
the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the National Humanities Center, and the Na-
tional Endowment for the Humanities. In 1996, the Acade
´
mie franc¸aise awarded
him the Prix du Rayonnement de la langue et de la litte
´
rature franc¸aises. His Web
page address is . Mark Turner can be reached at mark

friedrich ungerer (PhD 1964) is emeritus professor of English linguistics at the
University of Rostock, Germany. He was attracted to Cognitive Linguistics in the
early 1990s and has worked mainly in the fields of lexical categorization, metaphor,
and iconicity. Apart from his coauthorship of An Introduction to Cognitive Lin-

guistics (with Hans-Jo
¨
rg Schmid, 1996), he has edited Kognitive Lexikologie (1998), a
collection of essays, and has published a number of articles in the above areas, the
most recent one on the cognitive function of derivational morphology (2002).
Other current research areas are applied grammatical description and media lin-
guistics. Friedrich Ungerer can be reached at
rostock.de.
johan van der auwera (PhD 1980) is professor of English and general linguistics
at the University of Antwerp. His research interests have always concerned lan-
guage universals, but whereas he initially approached them from a logical and
philosophical point of view, he has progressively become more involved in typology
and, more particularly, grammatical semantics. A major focus is the study of mood
and modality. Book-length results of his work include Language and Logic (1985)
and the edited volumes The Germanic Languages (with Ekkehard Ko
¨
nig, 1994) and
Adverbial Constructions in the Languages of Europe (1998). His present activities are
embedded in a center that brings together cognitive and typological linguistics, the
Antwerp Center for Grammar, Cognition and Typology ( />cgct/). His Web pages address is Johan van der
Auwera can be reached at
karen van hoek (PhD 1992) studied Cognitive Linguistics and the acquisition of
American Sign Language at the University of California, San Diego. Her disser-
tation, ‘‘Paths Through Conceptual Structure: Constraints on Pronominal Anaph-
ora,’’ was published by Chicago University Press as Anaphora and Conceptual
Structure (1995). The work was a groundbreaking demonstration that Cognitive
xxvi contributors
Grammar could explain constraints on pronominal anaphora more insightfully
than generative grammar accounts based on c-command. She currently works in
the field of accent reduction for the company Your American Voice and does

research on the application of cognitive semantics and frame theory to political
arguments and speechwriting. Karen can Hoek can be reached at
willy van langendonck (PhD 1970) is professor of linguistics at the University
of Leuven. He started as a structuralist, became a generativist, turned to Genera-
tive Semantics, and got interested in cognitive linguistic theories, such as Word
Grammar, Cognitive Grammar, and Radical Construction Grammar. His main
research interests include markedness and iconicity, reference and semantics (es-
pecially proper names), and grammatical categories such as definiteness, gener-
icness, number, grammatical relations, prepositions, dependency syntax, and word
order. In these fields he has published a substantial number of articles in journals,
readers, and handbooks. Recent titles include Word Grammar (with Richard
Hudson, 1991); Ikonizit
€
aat in nat
€
uurlicher Sprache (with W.A. de Pater, 1992); ‘‘De-
terminers as Heads?’’ (1994); ‘‘The Dative in Latin and the Indirect Object in
Dutch’’ (1998); and ‘‘Neurolinguistic and Syntactic Evidence for Basic Level
Meaning in Proper Names’’ (1999). He has also published two edited volumes on
the dative (with William Van Belle, 1996, 1998). His recent research is concerned
with the role of iconically formed relator constructions in cross-linguistic word
order. Willy Van Langendonck can be reached at willy.vanlangendonck@arts
.kuleuven.be.
arie verhagen (PhD 1986) has been the chair of Dutch Linguistics at the Uni-
versity of Leiden since 1998. He received his PhD at the Free University of Am-
sterdam on a study of word order, presenting an account in terms of perceptual
independence based on linear precedence. Soon afterwards, he started to partici-
pate in the emerging community of cognitive linguists. From his dissertation work
onwards, he has been especially interested in linking up the study of grammar with
the use of language in discourse. He has taught at the Free University of Am-

sterdam, Utrecht University, and the University of Leiden. His publications in-
clude the following books: Linguistic Theory and the Function of Word Order in
Dutch ( 1986), Usage-Based Approaches to Dutch (edited with Jeroen van de Weijer,
2003), Constructions of Intersubjectivity. Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition (2005). He
was editor of the major Dutch linguistics journal Nederlandse taalkunde (and one
of its predecessors) from 1981 until 1999 and editor-in-chief of the journal Cognitive
Linguistics from 1996 until 2004. His research focuses on relations between lan-
guage use and language structure, synchronically and diachronically, in a usage-
based, evolutionary approach to construction grammar; special topics include
(inter)subjectivity, causation, and stylistics. His Web site address is http://www
.arieverhagen.nl. Arie Verhagen can be reached at
sherman wilcox (PhD 1988) is professor of linguistics at the University of New
Mexico. His main research interests are the theoretical and applied study of signed
languages. His theoretical work focuses on iconicity, gesture, and typological stud-
ies of signed languages. He is widely recognized as an advocate for academic
contributors xxvii
acceptance of American Sign Language in universities in the United States. He also
has taught signed language interpreting for many years and most recently has begun
to demonstrate the application of Cognitive Linguistics to interpreting theory. He
is author of several books and articles, including The Phonetics of Fingerspelling
(1992); Gesture and the Nature of Language (with David F. Armstrong and William
C. Stokoe, 1994); Learning to See: Teaching American Sign Language as a Second
Language (with Phyllis Perrin Wilcox, 1997); and several edited collections. Sherman
Wilcox can be reached at
hans-georg wolf (PhD 1994, Dr habil. 2001) is associate professor in the English
Department and coordinator of the Program in Language and Communication at
the University of Hong Kong. He has published a book on English in Cameroon
(2001) and one on The Folk Model of the ‘Internal Self’ in Light of the Contemporary
View of Metaphor: The Self as Subject and Object (1994). His research interests
include sociolinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, corpus linguistics, and pragmatics,

and he tries to weave them into a coherent whole in his studies of cultural variation
in second language varieties of English. Hans-Georg Wolf can be reached at

jordan zlatev (PhD 1997) is assistant professor at the Center for Languages
and Literature, Lund University, Sweden (see />.Zlatev for more information). In his PhD dissertation ‘‘Situated Embodiment:
Studies in the Emergence of Spatial Meaning,’’ he presented a synthetic biocultural
conceptual framework for the study of language and cognition and its application
to spatial meaning. He has continued this line of work with respect to language
acquisition, ‘‘epigenetic robotics,’’ and most recently the evolution of language and
its relation to gesture. He has published chapters related to spatial semantics in
several volumes dealing with Cognitive Semantics, as well as articles in interdis-
ciplinary journals (e.g., his 2001 ‘‘The Epigenesis of Meaning in Human Beings, and
Possibly in Robots,’’ Minds and Machines). His engagement with Cognitive Lin-
guistics began in 1992, while visiting the University of California, Berkeley, and
collaborating with Terry Regier on the connectionist modeling of spatial language.
Jordan Zlatev can be reached at
xxviii contributors
Abbreviations

1 First person
2 Second person
3 Third person
abl Ablative
abs Absolutive
acc Accusative
advz Adverbializer
af Agent focus
all Allative
ap Antipassive
art Article

ben Benefactive
bf Beneficiary in focus
cl Classifier
comp Complementizer
compl Completive
cond Conditional
cop Copula
dat Dative
def Definite
dem Demonstrative
det Determiner
dir Direct
ds Directional suffix
emph Emphatic
epistnec Epistemic necessity
erg Ergative
euph Euphonic
f Feminine
fin Finite
foc Focus
fut Future
futpst Future past
gen Genitive
hon Honorific
hrm Heavy reflexive marker
imperf Imperfective
impers Impersonal
ind Indicative
inf Infinitive
inst Instrumental

intr Intransitive
inv Inverse
irr Irrealis mood
lf Location in focus
lg Ligature
loc Locative
lrm Light reflexive marker
m Masculine
mid Middle
n Noun
nc Non-control
ncl Noun classifier
neg Negative
nom Nominative
nomz Nominalizer
obj Object
obl Oblique
obsrv Observer
obv Obviative
part Partitive
pass Passive
perf Perfective
pl Plural
pm Predicate marker
poss Possessive
pot Potential
pp Past participle
pred Predicative
pre
ˆ

t Preterite
pro Anaphoric pronoun
prol Prolative case