Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 151 pptx

1406 • Major Worldwide Resources by Country Global Resources
Country Natural Resources
Falkland Islands (Islas
Malvinas) Fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Faroe Islands Fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Fiji Timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Finland Timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver,
limestone
France Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash,
feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish
French Guiana Gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay
French Polynesia Timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
French Southern and Antarctic
Lands
Fish, crayfish. Note: Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island have guano,
phosphates, and coconuts
Gabon Petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium,
gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
Gambia Fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay,
petroleum
Gaza Strip Arable land, natural gas
Georgia Forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor
coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea
and citrus growth
Germany Coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash,
salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
Ghana Gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber,
hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone
Gibraltar None
Greece Lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite,
marble, salt, hydropower potential

Greenland Coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum,
niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible
oil and gas
Grenada Timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Guam Aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped)
Guatemala Petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
Global Resources Major Worldwide Resources by Country • 1407
Country Natural Resources
Guernsey Cropland
Guinea Bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Guinea-Bissau Fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone,
unexploited deposits of petroleum
Guyana Bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish
Haiti Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Heard Island and McDonald
Islands Fish
Holy See (Vatican City) None
Honduras Timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish,
hydropower
Hong Kong Outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Hungary Bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Iceland Fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
India Coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese,
mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds,
petroleum, limestone, arable land
Indian Ocean Oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer
deposits, polymetallic nodules
Indonesia Petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile
soils, coal, gold, silver
Iran Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,

manganese, zinc, sulfur
Iraq Petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Ireland Natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone,
dolomite
Isle of Man None
Israel Timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium
bromide, clays, sand
Italy Coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice,
fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves,
fish, arable land
1408 • Major Worldwide Resources by Country Global Resources
Country Natural Resources
Jamaica Bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Jan Mayen Island None
Japan Negligible mineral resources, fish. Note: With virtually no energy
natural resources, Japan is the world’s largest importer of coal and
liquefied natural gas as well as the second largest importer of oil
Jersey Arable land
Jordan Phosphates, potash, shale oil
Kazakhstan Major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese,
chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite,
gold, uranium
Kenya Limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite,
gypsum, wildlife, hydropower
Kiribati Phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Korea, North Coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold,
pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
Korea, South Coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
Kosovo Nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite
Kuwait Petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas

Kyrgyzstan Abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth
metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; deposits of
nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Laos Timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
Latvia Peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, wood, arable land
Lebanon Limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region,
arable land
Lesotho Water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building
stone
Liberia Iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
Libya Petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Liechtenstein Hydroelectric potential, arable land
Lithuania Peat, arable land, amber
Luxembourg Iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Global Resources Major Worldwide Resources by Country • 1409
Country Natural Resources
Macau Negligible
Macedonia Low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel,
tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
Madagascar Graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious
stones, mica, fish, hydropower
Malawi Limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of
uranium, coal, and bauxite
Malaysia Tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Maldives Fish
Mali Gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite,
hydropower. Note: Bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper
deposits are known but not exploited
Malta Limestone, salt, arable land
Marshall Islands Coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals

Mauritania Iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish
Mauritius Arable land, fish
Mayotte Negligible
Mexico Petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
Micronesia, Federated States of Forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate
Moldova Lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone
Monaco None
Mongolia Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel,
zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Montenegro Bauxite, hydroelectricity
Montserrat Negligible
Morocco Phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
Mozambique Coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Namibia Diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium,
tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish. Note: suspected deposits of oil,
coal, and iron ore
Nauru Phosphates, fish
1410 • Major Worldwide Resources by Country Global Resources
Country Natural Resources
Navassa Guano
Nepal Quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of
lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Netherlands, The Natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable
land
Netherlands Antilles Phosphates (Curaçao only), salt (Bonaire only)
New Caledonia Nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
New Zealand Natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Nicaragua Gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish
Niger Uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum,
salt, petroleum

Nigeria Natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead,
zinc, arable land
Niue Fish, arable land
Norfolk Island Fish
Northern Mariana Islands Arable land, fish
Norway Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites,
nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
Oman Petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium,
gypsum, natural gas
Pacific Ocean Oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates,
placer deposits, fish
Pakistan Land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor-quality
coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Palau Forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed
minerals
Panama Copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower
Papua New Guinea Gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Paracel Islands None
Paraguay Hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
Peru Copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal,
phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
Global Resources Major Worldwide Resources by Country • 1411
Country Natural Resources
Philippines Timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
Pitcairn Islands Miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish. Note: Manganese, iron, copper,
gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
Poland Coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land
Portugal Fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold,
uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Puerto Rico Some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil

Qatar Petroleum, natural gas, fish
Romania Petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore,
salt, arable land, hydropower
Russia Wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural
gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber. Note: Formidable
obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of
natural resources
Rwanda Gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane,
hydropower, arable land
Saint-Barthélemy Few natural resources; its beaches are the most important
Saint Helena Fish, lobster
Saint Kitts-Nevis Arable land
Saint Lucia Forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs,
geothermal potential
Saint Martin Salt
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Fish, deepwater ports
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines Hydropower, cropland
Samoa Hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
San Marino Building stone
São Tomé and Principe Fish, hydropower
Saudi Arabia Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper
Senegal Fish, phosphates, iron ore
1412 • Major Worldwide Resources by Country Global Resources
Country Natural Resources
Serbia Oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver,
magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land
Seychelles Fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Sierra Leone Diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Singapore Fish, deepwater ports

Slovakia Brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and
manganese ore; salt; arable land
Slovenia Lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Solomon Islands Fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel
Somalia Uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum,
bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves
South Africa Gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel,
phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper,
vanadium, salt, natural gas
South Georgia and South
Sandwich Islands Fish
Southern Ocean Probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental
margin; manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and
gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals—none
exploited; krill, fish
Spain Coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury,
pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash,
hydropower, arable land
Spratly Islands Fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Sri Lanka Limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay,
hydropower
Sudan Petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc,
tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Suriname Timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small
amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
Svalbard Coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Swaziland Asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and
diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Global Resources Major Worldwide Resources by Country • 1413
Country Natural Resources

Sweden Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic,
feldspar, timber, hydropower
Switzerland Hydropower potential, timber, salt
Syria Petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron
ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
Taiwan Small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Tajikistan Hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead,
zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Tanzania Hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones,
gold, natural gas, nickel
Thailand Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish,
gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
Timor-Leste (East Timor) Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Togo Phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Tokelau Negligible
Tonga Fish, fertile soil
Trinidad and Tobago Petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Tunisia Petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Turkey Coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite,
borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite,
marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Turkmenistan Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
Turks and Caicos Islands Spiny lobster, conch
Tuvalu Fish
Uganda Copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Ukraine Iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite,
titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
United Arab Emirates Petroleum, natural gas
United Kingdom Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone,
salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land

1414 • Major Worldwide Resources by Country Global Resources
Country Natural Resources
United States Coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold,
iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural
gas, timber. Note: The United States has the world’s largest coal
reserves, with 445 billion metric tons, accounting for 27% of the
world’s total
United States Pacific Island
Wildlife Refuges Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Uruguay Arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Uzbekistan Natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and
zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Vanuatu Manganese, hardwood forests, fish
Venezuela Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals,
hydropower, diamonds
Vietnam Phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas
deposits, forests, hydropower
Virgin Islands Sun, sand, sea, surf
Wake Island None
Wallis and Futuna Island Negligible
West Bank Arable land
Western Sahara Phosphates, iron ore
Yemen Petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead,
nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west
Zambia Copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium,
hydropower
Zimbabwe Coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore,
vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals, diamonds
Time Line
b.c.e.

10,000+ Copper and gold are the first metals discovered by humans.
10,000 The first pottery is made from baked clay.
10,000 Flint spear points are manufactured.
6800 Permanent cities are constructed using clay bricks and rock.
6000 Cave paintings are created in North Africa and southeastern Spain.
4400 The first use of copper as beads and tools occurs in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East.
4000 The first silver artifacts are made.
4000 The first iron ornaments appear, probably made from meteoritic iron.
3500 Gold artifacts are in use at Varna, Bulgaria.
3500-3000 Advances in pottery manufacture are made in Egypt.
3300-3100 Copper minerals (malachite) are used for painting.
3200 The Bronze Age begins in the Middle East.
3000 The first artificial glass is made.
3000 Sails are mounted on boats in Egypt.
2600 The Great Pyramid of Giza, a milestone in stonework, is constructed in Egypt.
2575 Egyptian ruler Khufu sends expeditions into the Sinai for copper.
2500 Glass vessels are made in Egypt.
2000 Wessex peoples of Britain construct the Stonehenge ring of massive stones.
1339 The gold death mask of Tutankhamen is made in Egypt.
1308 Seti I builds a water supply for gold mines in Egypt.
1300 The first working of terrestrial iron occurs in the Middle East.
1250 The legend of Jason and the golden fleece derives from a Mycenaean sea venture near the
Black Sea.
1000 Amalgamation technique of using mercury to extract gold is discovered.
960 Solomon’s temple is built of ashlar (hewn) stone, with liberal use of gold.
620 The first use of stamped metal coinage occurs in cities of Asia Minor.
610 Egyptian ruler Necho II tries to build a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea.
515 Persian king Darius I completes the Nile-to-Red Sea canal.
500 The alloying of gold and silver is discovered.
483 Silver mines at Laurium in Greece begin to create wealth for Athens—and to spread lead

pollution over wide areas.