Hướng dẫn học Microsoft SQL Server 2008 part 4 pot

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Contents
Level 2 — Read Committed 1392
Level 3 — Repeatable Read
1392
Level 4 — Serializable
1395
Snapshot isolations
1399
Using locking hints
1402
Application Locks
1403
Application Locking Design
1405
Implementing optimistic locking
1405
Lost updates
1405
Transaction-Log Architecture
1408
Transaction log sequence
1408
Transaction log recovery
1412
Transaction Performance Strategies
1413
Evaluating database concurrency performance
1413
Summary
1414

Chapter 67: Data Compression 1415
Understanding Data Compression 1415
Data compression pros and cons
1416
Row compression
1417
Page compression
1417
Compression sequence
1420
Applying Data Compression
1421
Determining the current compression setting
1421
Estimating data compression
1422
Enabling data compression
1422
Data compression strategies
1424
Summary
1425
Chapter 68: Partitioning 1427
Partitioning Strategies 1428
Partitioned Views
1429
Local-partition views
1430
Distributed-partition views
1438

Partitioned Tables and Indexes
1440
Creating the partition function
1441
Creating partition schemes
1443
Creating the partition table
1444
Querying partition tables
1445
Altering partition tables
1446
Switching tables
1447
Rolling partitions
1449
Indexing partitioned tables
1449
Removing partitioning
1450
Data-Driven Partitioning
1450
Summary
1451
Chapter 69: Resource Governor 1453
Configuring Resource Governor 1454
Resource pools
1454
Workload groups
1456

Classifier functions
1457
Monitoring Resource Governor
1457
Summary
1458
Part X Business Intelligence
Chapter 70: BI Design 1461
Data Warehousing 1462
Star schema
1462
Snowflake schema
1463
Surrogate keys
1464
Consistency
1464
Loading data
1465
Changing data in dimensions
1467
Summary
1468
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Contents
Chapter 71: Building Multidimensional Cubes with Analysis Services 1469
Analysis Services Quick Start 1469
Analysis Services Architecture

1470
Unified Dimensional Model
1471
Server
1471
Client
1472
Building a Database
1472
Business Intelligence Development Studio
1473
Data sources
1473
Data source view
1474
Creating a cube
1478
Dimensions
1479
Dimension Designer
1479
Beyond regular dimensions
1487
Dimension refinements
1490
Cubes
1491
Cube structure
1492
Dimension usage

1494
Calculations
1496
KPIs
1497
Actions
1497
Partitions
1497
Aggregation design
1499
Perspectives
1501
Data Storage
1501
Proactive caching
1502
SQL Server notifications
1503
Client-initiated notifications
1503
Scheduled polling notifications
1503
Data Integrity
1504
Null processing
1504
Unknown member
1505
Error Configuration

1505
Summary
1507
Chapter 72: Programming MDX Queries 1509
Basic Select Query 1510
Cube addressing
1510
Dimension structure
1511
Basic SELECT statement
1512
Advanced Select Query
1517
Subcubes
1518
WITH clause
1518
Dimension considerations
1522
MDX Scripting
1523
Calculated members and named sets
1523
Adding Business Intelligence
1525
Summary
1526
Chapter 73: Authoring Reports with Reporting Services 1527
Anatomy of a Report 1527
Report Definition Language (RDL)

1528
Data Sources
1528
Reporting Services datasets
1529
Query parameters and report parameters
1530
Report content and layout
1531
The Report Authoring Process
1533
Creating a Reporting Services project
1533
Creating a report
1533
Using the Report Wizard to create reports
1534
Authoring a report from scratch
1534
Working with Data
1537
Working with SQL in the Query Designer
1537
Using query parameters to select and filter data
1538
Adding calculated fields to a dataset
1542
Working with XML data sources
1542
Working with expressions

1544
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Contents
Designing the Report Layout 1547
Design basics
1547
Using the Tablix property pages
1551
Grouping and sorting data in a Tablix
1551
Illustrating data with charts and gauges
1556
Summary
1558
Chapter 74: Administering Reporting Services 1559
Deploying Reporting Services Reports 1561
Deploying reports using BIDS
1561
Deploying reports using the Report Manager
1563
Deploying reports programmatically using the Reporting Services Web Service
1563
Configuring Reporting Services Using Management Studio
1564
Configuring Reporting Services server properties
1564
Security: managing roles
1566

Configuring Reporting Services Using Report Manager
1567
Managing security
1567
Working with linked reports
1569
Creating linked reports
1570
Leveraging the power of subscriptions
1570
Creating a data-driven subscription
1571
Summary
1576
Chapter 75: Analyzing Data with Excel 1577
Data Connections 1578
Data Connection Wizard
1580
Microsoft Query
1580
Connection file types
1581
Basic Data Analysis
1581
Data tables
1582
PivotTables
1582
PivotCharts
1584

Advanced Data Analysis
1585
Installing the data mining add-ins
1586
Exploring and preparing data
1586
Table analysis tools
1588
Data mining client
1591
Summary
1591
Chapter 76: Data Mining with Analysis Services 1593
The Data Mining Process 1594
Modeling with Analysis Services
1595
Data Mining Wizard
1595
Mining Models view
1597
Model evaluation
1598
Algorithms
1604
Decision tree
1604
Linear regression
1606
Clustering
1606

Sequence clustering
1607
Neural Network
1608
Logistic regression
1609
Naive Bayes
1609
Association rules
1609
Time series
1610
Cube Integration
1611
Summary
1612
Appendix A: SQL Server 2008 Specifications 1613
Appendix B: Using the Sample Databases
1619
Index
1625
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C
an one book really cover everything you need to know about SQL Server 2008? As more and
more books are covering fewer and fewer features of this huge product, before taking a close
look at Paul’s SQL Server 2008 Bible, I would have said no. And of course, the answer depends
on how much you actually need to know about my favorite database system. For some, ‘‘information
needed’’ could cover a lot of ground, but Paul’s book comes closer to covering everything than any book

I have ever seen.
Paul Nielsen brings his passion for SQL Server and his many years of experience with this product into
every page of the SQL Server 2008 Bible. Every detail and every example is tested out by Paul personally,
and I know for a fact that he had fun doing all this amazing writing and testing.
Of course, no book can go into great depth on every single area, but Paul takes you deeply enough into
each topic that you, the reader, can decide whether that feature will be valuable to you. How can you
know whether PowerShell or Spatial Data is something you want to dive deeply into unless you know
something about its value? How can you know if you should look more deeply into Analysis Services
or partitioning if you don’t even know what those features are? How do you know which Transact-SQL
language features will help you solve your data access problems if you don’t know what features are
available, and what features are new in SQL Server 2008? How can you know which high-availability
technology or monitoring tool will work best in your environment if you don’t know how they differ?
You can decide whether you want to use what Paul has presented as either a great breadth of SQL
Server knowledge or a starting point for acquiring greater depth in areas of your own choosing.
As someone who writes about a very advanced, but limited, area within SQL Server, I am frequently
asked by my readers what they can read to prepare them for reading my books. Now I have an answer
not just for my readers, but for myself as well. Just as no one book can cover every aspect of SQL
Server in great depth, no one person can know everything about this product. When I want to know
how to get started with LINQ, Service Broker, or MDX, or any of dozens of other topics that my books
don’t cover, Paul’s book is the place I’ll start my education.
Kalen Delaney, SQL Server MVP and author of SQL Server 2008 Internals
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W
elcome to the SQL Server 2008 Bible. SQL Server is an incredible database product. It offers
an excellent mix of performance, reliability, ease of administration, and new architectural
options, yet enables the developer or DBA to control minute details when desired. SQL

Server is a dream system for a database developer.
If there’s a theme to SQL Server 2008, it’s this: enterprise-level excellence. SQL Server 2008 opens sev-
eral new possibilities for designing more scalable and powerful systems. The first goal of this book is to
share with you the pleasure of working with SQL Server.
Like all books in the Bible series, you can expect to find both hands-on tutorials and real-world practical
applications, as well as reference and background information that provides a context for what you are
learning. However, to cover every minute detail of every command of this very complex product would
consume thousands of pages, so it is the second goal of this book to provide a concise yet comprehen-
sive guide to SQL Server 2008 based on the information I have found most useful in my experience as
a database developer, consultant, and instructor. By the time you have completed the SQL Server 2008
Bible, you will be well prepared to develop and manage your SQL Server 2008 database.
Some of you are repeat readers of mine (thanks!) and are familiar with my approach from the previous
SQL Server Bibles. Even though you might be familiar with this approach and my tone, you will find
several new features in this edition, including the following:
■ A ‘‘what’s new’’ sidebar in most chapters presents a timeline of the features so you can envision
the progression.
■ Several chapters are completely rewritten, especially my favorite topics.
■ I’ve added much of the material from my Smart Database Design into this book.
A wise database developer once showed a box to an apprentice and asked, ‘‘How many sides do you
see?’’ The apprentice replied, ‘‘There are six sides to the box.’’ The experienced database developer then
said, ‘‘Users may see six sides, but database developers see only two sides: the inside and the outside. To
the database developer, the cool code goes inside the box.’’ This book is about thinking inside the box.
Who Should Read This Book
I believe there are five distinct roles in the SQL Server space:
■ Data architect/data modeler
■ Database developer
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Introduction

■ Database administrator
■ BI (Business Intelligence) developer
■ PTO performance tuning and optimization expert
This book has been carefully planned to address each of these roles.
Whether you are a database developer or a database administrator, whether you are just starting out or
have one year of experience or five, this book contains material that will be useful to you.
While the book is targeted at intermediate-level database professionals, each chapter begins with the
assumption that you’ve never seen the topic before, and then progresses through the subject, presenting
the information that makes a difference.
At the higher end of the spectrum, the book pushes the intermediate professional into certain advanced
areas where it makes the most sense. For example, there’s very advanced material on T-SQL queries,
index strategies, and data architecture.
How This Book Is Organized
SQL Server is a huge product with dozens of technologies and interrelated features. Seventy-six chapters!
Just organizing a book of this scope is a daunting task.
A book of this size and scope must also be approachable as both a cover-to-cover read and a reference
book. The ten parts of this book are organized by job role, project flow, and skills progression:
Part I: Laying the Foundation
Part II: Manipulating Data with Select
Part III: Beyond Relational
Part IV: Developing with SQL Server
Part V: Data Connectivity
Part VI: Enterprise Data Management
Part VII: Security
Part VIII: Monitoring and Auditing
Part IX: Performance Tuning and Optimization
Part X: Business Intelligence
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Introduction
SQL Server Books Online
This book is not a rehash of Books Online, and it doesn’t pretend to replace Books Online. I avoid
listing the complete syntax of every command — there’s little value in reprinting Books Online.
Instead, I’ve designed this book to show you what you need to know in order to get the most out of
SQL Server, so that you can learn from my experience and the experience of the co-authors.
In here you’ll find each feature explained as if we are friends — you got a new job that requires a spe-
cific feature you’re unfamiliar with, and you asked me to get you up to speed with what matters most.
The 76 chapters contain critical concepts, real-world examples, and best practices.
Conventions and Features
This book contains several different organizational and typographical features designed to help you get
the most from the information.
Tips, Notes, Cautions, and Cross-References
Whenever the authors want to bring something important to your attention, the information will appear
in a Tip, Note, or Caution.
This information is important and is set off in a separate paragraph with a special icon.
Cautions provide information about things to watch out for, whether simply inconvenient
or potentially hazardous to your data or systems.
Tips generally are used to provide information that can make your work simpler — special
shortcuts or methods for doing something easier than the norm. You will often find the rel-
evant .sys files listed in a tip.
Notes provide additional, ancillary information that is helpful, but somewhat outside of the
current presentation of information.
Cross-references provide a roadmap to related content, be it on the Web, another chapter
in this book, or another book.
What’s New and Best Practice Sidebars
Two sidebar features are specific to this book: the What’s New sidebars and the Best Practice sidebars.
What’s New with SQL Server Feature
W
henever possible and practical, a sidebar will be included that highlights the relevant new features

covered in the chapter. Often, these sidebars a lso alert you to which features have been eliminated
and which are deprecated. Usually, these sidebars are placed near the beginning of the chapter.
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Introduction
Best Practice
T
his book is based on the real-life experiences of SQL Server developers and administrators. To enable
you to benefit from all that experience, the best practices have been pulled out in sidebar form wherever
and whenever they apply.
www.SQLServerBible.com
This book has an active companion website where you’ll find the following:
■ Sample code: Most chapters have their own SQL script or two. All the chapter code samples
are in a single zip file on the book’s page.
■ Sample databases: The sample database specific to this book, OBXKites, CHA2, and others are
in the Sampledb.zip file also on the book’s page.
■ Watch free screencasts based on the examples and content of this book.
■ Links to new downloads, and the best of the SQL Server community online.
■ Get a free Euro-style SQL Sticker for your notebook.
■ Get the latest versions of Paul’s SQL Server queries and utilities.
■ Paul’s presentation schedule and a schedule of SQL Server community events.
■ Link to BrainBench.com’s SQL Server 2008 Programming Certification, the test that Paul
designed.
■ Sign up for the SQL Server 2008 Bible eNewsletter to stay current with new links, new queries,
articles, updates, and announcements.
WheretoGofromHere
There’s a whole world of SQL Server. Dig in. Explore. Play with SQL Server. Try out new ideas, and e-
mail me if you have questions or discover something cool.
I designed the BrainBench.com SQL Server 2008 Programming Certification, so read the book and then

take the test.
Do sign up for the SQL Server Bible eNewsletter to keep up with updates and news.
Come to a conference or user group where I’m speaking.I’dlovetomeetyouinpersonandsignyour
book. You can learn where and when I’ll be speaking at SQLServerBible.com.
With a topic as large as SQL Server and a community this strong, a lot of resources are available. But
there’s a lot of hubris around SQL Server too, for recommended additional resources and SQL Server
books, check the book’s website.
Most important of all, e-mail me: I’d love to hear what you’re doing with
SQL Server.
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Laying the
Foundation
IN THIS PART
Chapter 1
The World of SQL Server
Chapter 2
Data Architecture
Chapter 3
Relational Database Design
Chapter 4
Installing SQL Server 2008
Chapter 5
Client Connectivity
Chapter 6
Using Management Studio
Chapter 7
Scripting with PowerShell
S

QL Server is a vast product. If you’re new to SQL Server it can
be difficult to know where to start. You need at least an idea of the
scope of the components, the theory behind databases, and how to
use the UI to even begin playing with SQL Server.
That’s where this part fits and why it’s called ‘‘Laying the Foundation.’’
Chapter 1 presents an introduction to SQL Server’s many components and
how they work together. Even if you’re an experienced DBA, this chapter is
a quick way to catch up on what’s new.
Database design and technology have both evolved faster since the
millennium than at any other time since Dr. Edgar Codd introduced his
revolutionary RDBMS concepts three decades earlier. Every year, the IT
profession is getting closer to the vision of ubiquitous information. This is
truly a time of change. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss database architecture and
relational database design.
Installing and connecting to SQL Server is of course required before you can
have any fun with joins, and two chapters cover those details.
Management Studio, one of my favorite features of SQL Server, and
PowerShell, the new scripting tool, each deserve a chapter and round out
the first part.
If SQL Server is the box, and developing is thinking inside the box, the first
part of this book is an introduction to the box.
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