Unit 13-Films and cinema - English 10

Unit 13. FILMS AND CINEMA
1. Adjectives of attitude
2. It is/ was not untill …that …
3. a/an and the.
A. Adjectives of attitude or adjectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ (Các tính từ
chỉ thái độ hoặc các tính từ tận cùng bằng đuôi –Ing hoặc – ed.
a) Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed được dùng như một tính từ, chúng có nghĩa
tương tự nhưng cách dùng thì khác nhau. Cụ thể:
* Tính từ ‘ –ing ‘ thường có ý nghĩa “ gây ra” (thường dùng cho vật hoặc sự
việc).
* Tính từ ‘ –ed’ thường có ý nghĩa là “bị/ được” (thường dùng cho người).
Ví dụ:- Learning English is interesting.
- Many students are interested in learning English.
b) Một số tính từ tận cùng “-ing” và “-ed” thường gặp:
V ADJ Nghĩa của từ
- amaze amazing/amazed kinh ngạc
- amuse amusing/amuzed vui nhộn
- bore boring/ bored chán
- confuse confusing/ confused khó hiểu/ rối trí
- disappoint disappointing/ disappointed thất vọng
- excite exciting/ excited hồi hộp
- fascinate fascinating/fascinated hấp dẫn
- frighten frightening/ frightened sợ hãi
- interest interesting/ interested thú vị
- please pleasing/ pleased hài lòng
- shock shocking/ shocked bị choáng/ sốc
- surprise surprising/ surprised ngạc nhiên
- tire tiring/ tired mệt nhọc
- worry worrying/ worried lo lắng
B. It is/ was not untill …that …( cho mãi đến khi/ cho đến tận khi).
Untill – được dùng như một giới từ hoặc một liên từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ

thời gian.
Ví dụ: - she didn’t get home untill 2 a.m
* Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc: “It is / was not until … that …” có nghĩa
tương tự, nhưng có phần nhấn mạnh hơn.
Ví dụ : - It was not untill 2 a.m that she got home.
(Mãi đến 2h sáng cô ấy mới về nhà).
* Chú ý: - “ It is / was not until …” phải nối với mệnh đề theo sau bằng THAT không
dùng WHEN.
Ví dụ: - It was not until 1990 that she got married. → Right.
- It was not until 1990 when she got married → Wrong.
C. Articles: “ a/ an and the”
a) Cách dùng A/ AN.
* “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one).
- “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm
Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher,…
- “A” được dùng trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng “u” nhưng phát âm là /ju:/
Ví dụ : a university, a uniform ,
- “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i).
Ví dụ: - an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job,…
=> “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là không chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật
nào.
Ví dụ: - There was a big tree in the garden.
- “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp.
Ví dụ: - My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife.
b) Cách dùng “The”
- “The” – có thể dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều:
the water, the pollution, the child,…
- “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nói và
người nghe đều biết.
Ví dụ: - Please! Turn down the television.

- “The” – được dùng với danh từ có ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên không thể
nhầm lẫn).
Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President,…
- “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhóm người. (Unit 4)
Ví dụ: - The poor, the old, the homeless,…
- “The” – dùng trước tên sông, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo.
Ví dụ: - Sông: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi,…
- Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean,…
- Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal,…
- Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps,…
- Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands,…
* Chú ý: Không dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi,
một hòn đảo.
Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand,…
- Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi,…
- Châu lục: Asia, Europe,…
- Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji,…
- Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island,…
- “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đó gồm một tập hợp
nhiều từ, hoặc có ý nghĩa số nhiều.
Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic,…
- “The” được dùng trong câu so sánh nhất
Ví dụ : He is the best student in my class.
c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”.
Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đó lần đầu,
nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đó lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”.
Ví dụ: - I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning.
- The man was blind and the dog was leading him.
Exercise:
I. Comeplete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in

brackets.
1. The book I’m reading is really _______. (Interest)
2. I’m really ______ in reading this book. (Interest)
3. The girl was ______ about her coming birthday party. (Excite)
4. The match we saw on TV last night was very ______. (Excite)
5. The story I just finished had a very ______ ending. (Surprise)
6. I was really ______ by the ending of the story. (Surprise)
7. The characters in the story are _______ . (Fascinate)
8. The child is really ______ by the characters in the story. (Facsinate)
9. I’m _______ . I can’t understand the instructions on this box. (Confuse)
10. The instructions on the box are _____ . (Confuse)
II. Rewrite the following sentences, using “It was not untill … that…”
1. I didn’t finish the report until midnight.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
2. The manager didn’t return from his holiday untill Monday.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
3. She didn’t answer his phone call until he had phoned her the third time.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
4. They didn’t buy the house until the bank had lent them the money.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
5. Denise didn’t know the truth until we had told her.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
6. The work on the new bridge wasn’t completed until the end of 2004.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
7. Julia didn’t notice me untill I had shouted to her.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
8. Olivia didn’t leave the office until everybody had gone home.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
9. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………

10.She wasn't allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
→ It was not untill……………………………………………………………………
11.We didn't have any holiday until last summer.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
12. She didn't stop learning German until the age of 24.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
13. I couldn't finish my project until Mark helped me.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
14. I didn't sleep until midnight.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
15. They didn't pay the bill until the electricity was cut off.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
16. I couldn't comment further until I had all the information.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………
III. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. It was not until she was twenty – nine that Paula decided to get married.
→ Paula …………………………………………………………………
2. It was not until the sun had risen that I woke up.
→ I …………………………………………………………………
3. It was not until I had showed it to him that Simon realized his mistake.
→ Simon …………………………………………………………………
4. It was not until the spring came that the ice on the lake thawed.
→ The ice …………………………………………………………………
5. It was not until the building was almost burned down that the firemen arrived.
→ The firemen …………………………………………………………………
6. It was not until it had stopped raining that we left the party.
→ We …………………………………………………………………
7. It was not until all the shops had closed that Isabel decided to go shopping.
→ Isabel …………………………………………………………………
8. It was not until the robbers had gone that the police came to the scene.

→ The police …………………………………………………………………
IV. Put in “a”, “an” or “the” in each blank.
1. How far is it from here to ____ airport?
2. “What’s _____ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”.
3. My father works in ______ office _______ city center.
4. _______ earth is _______ planet of _______ solar system.
5. She was born in _____ village in _____ north of England.
6. _____ village where she was born has ______ beautiful river.
7. Who is _____ best singer in ______ United Kingdom?
8. Can you switch off _____ television? Nobody’s watching it.
9. He felt bored with ______ woman who sat beside him at the party.
10. The ship was crossing ______ Atlantic Ocean when it hit _____ huge iceberg.
11. Mount Everest is ______ hightest mountain in _____ world.
12. _____ Mississppi River flows through several states of ______ United States.
13. My grandparents live in _____ old house in _____ south of Dong Nai provice.
There is ______ large garden behind _____ house. They grow some fruit trees and
vegetables in _____ garden.
14. There was _____ accident near my house this morning. _____ taxi crashed into
____ lamp post. _____ taxi was damaged, but ____ driver of ____ taxi was not hurt.
15. This morning I had _____ sandwich and _____ cup of coffee for breakfast. ____
sandwich was OK, but _____ coffee was terrible.
(Key:1.the2.the3.an/the4.the/a/the5.a/the6.the/a7.the/the8.the9.the.10.the/a11.the/the12
.the/the13.an/the/a/the/the14.an/a/a/the/the/the15.a/a/the/the.)
___ THE END___