summary of agriculture phd thesis research on identifying new varieties and cultivated techniques protocol to improve productivity and economic efficiency in tomato production in red river delta

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Ministry of education and training
Ministry of agri and rural deve.
Vietnam academy of agriculture science
***







DANG VAN NIEN


RESEARCH ON IDENTIFYING NEW VARIETIES AND
CULTIVATED TECHNIQUES PROTOCOL TO IMPROVE
PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN TOMATO
PRODUCTION IN RED RIVER DELTA





Subject: Crop science
Code: 62.62.01.10



SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE PHD THESIS

HA NOI, 2014

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The thesis was completed in: Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Science





Science supervisors by:
1. Vice prof. DR. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue
2. DR. Tran Ngoc Hung




Certified by 1:
Certified by 2:
Certified by 3:

The Thesis will be presented in Academy PHD counsel at Vietanm Academy of
Agriculture Science
At: …… …… date…… month … 2014













Can be find theisis at :
- Hanoi national library
Vietanm Academy of Agriculture Science library



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INTRODUCTION
1. Urgent of the project
Red River delta (RRD) is one of the largest regions of tomato production.
Conditions of climate and soil here is favorable to cultivate tomato with many crop

seasons around the year, binging good benefits for tomato growers. However,
diseases such as bacterial wilt, yellow leaves curly leaf (TYCLV) develop with
higher pressues, resulting in decrease of tomato productivity. Beside that, a large area
of tomato in Red River delta is in main crop season (winter season) with high
productivity but low price, while tomato in off-seasons (summer-autumn, spring-
summer) with high product demand but less of area, because weather is not suitable
for good plant growth and lack of suitable tomato varieties.
In front of actual demand of tomato production, some research organizations in
domestic have introduced some hybrid varieties such as HT7, HT24, Hybird No.9,
VT3, FM20, FM29… together with guidelines of intensitive cultivation and initialy
apply advance technology innovation of grafting between tomato and egg plant in
off-season production. However, until now, tomato hybrid varieties are with small
supply of seeds for production due to limited technology of hybid seed production.
Moreover, the number of varieties with high productivity and good quality is limited
to meet demands of fresh tomato, tomato for processing and for exportation.
Breeding of disease resistance varieties for rootstock becomes an urgent requirement
of production, but there are not many studies on rootstock. Materials for rootstock are
maily imported. In addition, technical guidelines are common for all production in
off-season tomato, grafted tomato, which needs to be specified for each variety and
each ecological region.
In this context, it is essential to evaluate and rapidly introduce hybrid tomato
varieties imported with high productivity, good quality, good disease resistance, and
good adaptation to crop seasons and intensitive cultivation for Red River delta,
providing improvement of crop productivity and economic benefits. Thus, study
“Research on identifying new varieties and cultivated techniques protocol to
improve productivity and economic efficiency in tomato production in Red River
delta”
2. Objective of the project
Assess of current status of tomato production in Red River delta in recent
yeas, drawing techniques and strategy need to be improved.

Evaluate some imported hybid tomato varieties that are suitable for Red River
delta with good adaptation, high productivity, good disease resistance in order to
contribute to diversity of tomato varieties.
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Establish technical guidelines of production for selected varieties.
Build a production model of hybid tomato in off-season with large scale in
some locals of Red River delta.
3. Scientific and Usable contribution of the Project
3.1. Scientific contribution
Results of study provide some contributions in term of science for tomato
production in Red River delta to improve economic efficiency.
Provide more scientific evidences, technical solution to improve productivity
and economic efficiency of tomato production in Red River delta.
Results of study are references for students of crop science major and others who
are interested in research and development of tomato production.
3.2. Usable contribution
Study draws difficulties and limitations of tomato production, contributing
practically to apply and extend some new techniques for tomato production in Red
River delta.
Results of selection and evaluation of new hybrid tomato varieties
accompanied by appropriate cultivation techniques and introduce 02 varieties of
rootstock (variety Hawaii 7996 and cà gai), contributing to diversity of tomato
varieties and improving crop productivity and quality of commercial hybrid tomato
and promote development scale of tomato production with higher economic
efficiency in Red River delta.
4. News results from Project
Evaluate status of tomato production in Red River in period 2008 – 2011,
resulting in some direction of research to overcome difficulties to improve production
efficiency of growers.

Select, evaluate and introduce 03 potential tomato varieties: TAT072672, Savior
and TAT062659 with high productivity, good disesase resistance, suitable for
production in main crop season as well as in off-season in Red River delta. In 2012,
production area of 2 varieties Savior and TAT072672 is up to 1382.4 ha and 328.3
ha. Variety TAT062659 was introduced into production in 2013.
Establish cultivated tecniques for improving of productivity for 2 varieties
TAT072672 and TAT062659 in different crop season in Red River delta.
Evaluate and introduce 02 new varieties of rootstock suitable for variety Savior:
Hawaii 7996 and cà gai. Establish farming guidelines for cultivation of grafted
tomato in different crop seasons in Red River delta. Productivity of Savior grafted
tomato from demotrations is higher than tomato of the check, resulting in 18.7 –
34.1% bebefit increaments.
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Introduce some protential hybrid tomato varieties in some province: Hai Duong,
Hung Yen, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi… which are widely accepted by tomato growers. In
2012, production area of 2 varieties Savior and TAT072672 is up to 1382.4 ha and
328.3 ha. Variety TAT062659 was introduced into production in 2013.
6. Sructure of the Thesis
Thesis consists of 127 page including: introduction (5 pages), Chapter 1:
Summary of references and sciencific basic of the thesis (36 pages); Chapter 2:
Material and method (12 pages); Chapter 3: Results and discussions (72 pages);
Conclusion and proposals (2 pages). There are 161 references used, including 58
Vietnamese ones and 102 English ones in the thesis. There are 55 data tables, 4
ficgures, 10 expendixes, 4 declared studies.

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CHAPTER 1
Literature review

There are 58 Vietnamese ones and 102 English ones in the thesis regarding to: 1.
Introduction of tomao; 2. Status of tomato production in the world and in Vietnam; 3.
Status of research on tomato in the world and in Vietnam.
Origin of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum is from Andean region including
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile (Jaime Prohens and Fernando Nuez,
2008). Tomato is a fruit vegetable with nutritional value, high medicinal value and is
one of the vegetable with high economic efficiency, is a good of export in many
countries worldwide. Area of tomato production in the world continues increasing but
it is not stable. In 2011, area of tomato production was 4,734,350 ha, productivity
was 34.59 tons/ha and yield 159,023 million tons (FAOSTAT Database, 2011). In
Vietnam, tomato has been cultivated for over 100 years, which is well-developed in
many regions in the country. In 2011, area was 23,083 ha, evarage productivity was
25.55 tons/ha and yield was 589.83 million tons (Tổng Cục thống kê, 2012).
Methods of tomato breeding are still traditional methods, including: sexual
hybrid and selecting generated populations, sexual hybrid and … Recently, with
applications of bio-technology, especially genetic engineering in tomato breeding has
been strongly developed in some countries and international organizations. Beside
achievements of genetic engineering, applications of heterosis effects in tomato are
also well-developed in the 20th century (Singh and Checma (1989); Thomas and
Umesh (1989), Pichet and Anon (1996)AVRDC (2003), AVRDC reports (2005,
Foolad et al., (2012), Easlon H M, (2009), Nasar Virk et al., (2012).
Recent years, there is a diversity of materials for tomato breeding including
both cultivated cultivals and wilt cultuvals. Tomato breeding, especially heterosis
selections of high yield, good quality, resistance with diseases such as bacterials wilt,
yellow curly leaf, late blight, ring spot, tematodes, suitable for fresh tomato and
processing is taken place and achieved a lot of successes in USA, India, France,
Bulgaria, Thailand, Phillipine… and the AVRDC(Gaikwad et al., 2010; Wessel
Beaver et al., 1992; Lin and Lai,1989; Anbinder et al.,2009; Vidavski F. et al.,2008,
Dagan et al.,2012; AVRDC Report, 2004; 2005 và 2008a; Chunwongse J. et al.,
2002; Min-Jea Kim et al., 2005; R.Chaerani và cộng sự, 2007; Chaerani et al., 2007.

Technology of molecular marker is used successfully in tomato breeding of adaption
with unfavorable to conditions such hot climate, high humidity, salt tolerance,
drought tolerance (AVRDC, 2000; Easlon H M, 2009; Nasar Virk et al., 2012) Alica
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et al, (2001), Denoyes and Anais (1989); Denoyes and Rhino, (1999), Tiwari and
Choudhury, (1993).
Worldwide, applications of high technology, greenhouse technology in tomato
production brough revulitionary results for tomato production in term of productivity
and control of harvesting time as well ( Valerie et al., 2010; Asit Baran Mondal at el.,
2011;, Sanchez et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2012; Choudhary et al., 2010; Manson et al.,
2010; ….). Studies in many countries regarding to crop densit, fertilizers, cultivation
habitat, pest management improved countable productivity and quality, decrease
disease infection in production, resulting in improvement of economic efficiency of
production (Tran Khac Thi, Ngo Thu Ha, 2010). Studies on rootstock eggplant,
Hawai variety in tomato production have been carried out soon and brough
remarkable results such as high productivity, good quality, tolerance to disease and
unfavorable conditions (Nina, 2004; Khah et al., 2006; Francisco et al., (2010),
Dimitrios Savvas et al., (2009),
Studing and breeding of tomato in Vietnam focus on good growth, high yield,
firm fruit, thick flesh, high crack resistance, good tolerance to pest, heat tolerance,
short life cycle, long shelf life, good color, good quality for fresh market and food
processing. In recent years, universities and research institutes introduced a number
of hybrid tomato varieties with high quality and good disiese tolerance such as HT7,
HT42, HT160, FM20, FM29, lai số 9, HPT 10, VT3, VT4… contributing
development of tomato production in Red River delta (Nguyen Minh Hong, Kieu Thi
Nhu et al, 2006ab, 2011a, 2011b; Le Thi Thuy et al, 2010; Duong Kim Thoa et al,
2012). However, the number of tomato varieties is limited, account for small area and
slowly introduced in practice production. In practice production, there is lack of
varieties with high productivity and good tolerance, suitable for production in off-

season.
In parallel to breeding, studies and application of innovations (crop season,
density, fertilizer program, grafted tomato with rootstock of egg plant…) provide
potential results, contributing increased productivity and production efficiency in
main crop season as well as in off-season (Ta Thu Cuc, 2007; Dao Xuan Thang el all
2005; Duong Kim Thoa et al 2006, Nguyen Thi Mao, 2008; Tran Van Lai et al,
2002; Vu Thanh Hai, 2011; Tran Thi Ba et all., 2010; Tran Khac Thi et all.,2011)…
Althought there is improvement in research and applicatinon of hybrid tomato as
well as cultivation techniques in tomato production…
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CHAPTER 2
MATERIAL, OBJECTIVE AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1. Research Materials
2.1.1. Varieties materials
Group of 80 hybrid combinations of semideterminate tomato and 62 hybrid
combination of determinate tomato mported from Thailand and India and 4 popular
varieties of check Grandeva, DV269, HT42, VL2004.
10 potential varieties are introduced to evaluate including 5 semideterminate
varieties (TAT072672, Savior, TAI786, TAT08-1072, TAT08-1336) and 5
determinate varieties (TAT071001, TAT071004, TAT062659, TAT08-1266 và
TAT08-1336).
Technical guidelines for cultivation in Red River delta of 3 potential varieties
Savior, TAT072672 (Hồng ngọc), TAT062659 were completed.
3 varieties of rootstock Egg Plant EG203, Hawaii 7996 and Cà Gai were
evaluated efficacy of rootstock with scion variety Savior in off-season in Red River
delta.
2.1.2. Others materials
- Organic fertilizer: Composted fertilizer

- Inorganic fertilizers: Ure 46.6% N, super phosphorous fertilizer 16,5% P2O5, KCL
60% K2O, NPK đầu trâu 13-13-13+TE fertilizer.
2.2. Research Objectives
2.2.1.Evaluation of status and propose technical solutions for improvement of
productivity and efficiency of tomato production in Red River delta.
2.2.2. Evaluate and select tomato varieties that are suitable for production in Red
River delta
2.2.3. Complete technical guildeline for cultivation of potential varieties.
2.2.4. Complete technical guideline of tomato grafting and evaluate production
efficiency of grafted tomato Savior in Red River delta.
2.3. Place and Period implementation
2.3.1. Research Place: Evaluated status of tomato production in 7 provinces Vinh
Phuc, Ha Noi, Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, and Nam Dinh. Trials of variety
selecting and research on farming technical were carried out in farming co-operative
Song Phuong, Hoai Duc district, Ha Noi. Trials of production were carried out in
Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi, Hai Duong and Nam Dinh. Trial of grafted tomato were carried
out in Tam Dao, Vinh Tuong of Vinh Phuc province, Hoai Duc, Ha Noi; Nam Sach,
Hai Duong province; Tien Lang, Hai Phong province.
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2.3.2. Implementation period: from 2008-2013
2.4. Research Methodology
2.4.1. Survey methodology about tomato production status in RRD
- Data was collected from relevant national and local divisions, departments.
- Farmers interview by method RRA, PRA, KIP, Group interview; analysis of
strength, weakness, opportunities and difficulties
2.4.2. Setting up field trials methodology
2.4.2.1. Evaluation and Selection varieties trials
Trial 1: Evaluate group of varieties using sequential method, no replication, 2
varieties of check for every 10 evaluated varieties. Plot size is 12.0 m2 (20

plants/plot)
Trial 2: Evaluate farming and efficiency of potential varieties in 3 different seasons:
autumn – winter, Winter and Spring – Summer in Red River delta to determine
suitable varieties for each crops season. Trial was designed as Randomly Completed
Block Design (CRBD) with 3 replications, plot size 20m2. Density is 28500 plants/ha
of semi-determinate varieties; 35700 plants/ha of determinate varieties. Fertilizers per
ha were: 25 tons composted fertilizer, 1385 kg lime, NPK: 150 kg N+180 kg
P2O5+200kg K2O.
2.4.2.2. Techniques research trials
Trial 3: Effect crop seasons: There were 12 treatments of crop season from July 20,
2009 to February 20, 2010: 2 treatments in Summer-Autumn, 3 treatments in
Autumn-Winter; 3 treatments in Winter and 4 treatments in Spring-Summer. Trial
was designed as RCBD with 3 replications, plot size 12.0 m2. Crop interval is 70 x
50 cm. Fertilizers per ha were: 25 tons composted fertilizer, 1385 kg lime, NPK: 150
kg N+180 kg P
2
O
5
+200kg K
2
O.
Trial 4: Effect of crop density on growth, development, productivity and pest
infection of variety TAT072672 in Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter. Trial was
designed as RCBD with 3 replications, plot size 12.0 m2 and 5 treatment of crop
density with crop intervals 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm và 55cm, and crop row interval
70cm.
Trial 5: Effect of inorganic fertilizer on growth, development, productivity and pest
infection of variety TAT072672 in Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter. There were
6 treatments of fertilizer of N:P: K as treatment 1: 120:150:150; treatment 2:
120:180:180; treatment 3: 150:180:200; treatment 4: 150:200:200; treatment 5:

180:180:180; treatment 6: 180:200:200. Trial was designed as RCBD with 3
replications, plot size 12.0 m2, crop row interval 70 x 50 cm. Basic fertilizer per ha
were 25 tons composted fertilizer, 1385 kg lime.
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Trial 6: effect of density on growth, development, productivity and pest infection of
variety TAT072672 in Winter season. There were 5 treatments of 70 x 35cm,
70x40cm, 70x45cm, 70x50cm và 70x55cm. Trial was designed as RCBD with 3
replications, plot size 12.0 m2. Fertilizer per ha were 25 tons composted fertilizer,
1385 kg lime +150kgN + 180kg P2O5 + 200kg K2O.
Trial 7: Effect of fertilizer on growth, development, productivity and pest infection of
variety TAT072672 in Winter season. There were 6 treatments of fertilizer of N:P: K
as treatment 1: 120:150:150; treatment 2: 120:180:180; treatment 3: 150:180:200;
treatment 4: 150:200:200; treatment 5: 180:180:180; treatment 6: 180:200:200 Basic
fertilizer per ha were 25 tons composted fertilizer, 1385 kg lime. Trial was designed
as RCBD with 3 replications, plot size 12.0 m2, crop row interval 70 x 40 cm
Trial 8: Evaluate rootstock, specifications of rootstock and time of grafting for
Sarvior variety to complete technical guideline for grafting of commercial Savior
tomato. 3 varieties for rootstock were eggplant, Hawaii tomato, cà gai.

Trial 9: Evaluation Bacterial wilt of Savior and Rootstock Hawaii7996 by infecsion
Trial 10: Evaluate growth, development, adaptation and productivity off grafted
Savior tomato with different rootstock and in Summer-Autumn season and Spring-
Summer season in Red River delta. Trial was designed as RCBD with 3 replications,
plot size 20.0 m2 (50 plants/plot) and crop interval 70 x 50 cm Fertilizer per ha were
25 tons composted fertilizer, 1385 kg lime +150kgN + 180kg P2O5 + 200kg K2O.
Number of observed plant: 10 plants/plot. Trials were according to
experimental regulation of farming and efficacy of tomato 10 TCN-2004.
Observed criteria of growth, development, pest were according to regulation TCN.
Data was analyzed by excel and IRRISTAT.

2.4.3. Collection evaluation methods
Apply standard methodology from “Crop breeding” book (2005) and national
standard on DUS testing - 10TCN 667-2002 to evaluated and separate varieties group
by special characters, using evaluation appearant characteristic method, yield
components, fruit quality chacracters… . Base traits to select good variety are: Good
growth ability, short to medium growth duration, tolerant to TYLCV, Late blight and
high yield.
2.4.4. Method on cultivation testing and building demonstration
2.4.4.1. Cultivated testing of some selected varieties
There were 2 production trials of 02 semi-determinate varieties Sarvior and
TAT072672 and 01 determinate variety TAT062659 in some locals in Red River
delta with scale of 360m2 with different soil. Technical guideline of growing was
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experimental regulation VCU of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 10
TCN-2004.
2.4.4.2. Demostration for selected varieties
Base on researching results from density and fertilizer trials to set up
demonstration at multi locations across RRD.
2.4.4.3. Demostration of grafted tomato plant
Demostration of grafted tomato plant from Savior scion had been implemented
at 5 locations in Summer-Autumn season 2012 (started from 15-20/7/2012). Non-
grafted plant had been used as check plot on Demos, Demos area was around 0,3-
1,0ha/location.
Caculation economic efficiency as fommular
Gross Return (GR) = Yield x selling price
- Total variation Cost (TVC) = Material cost + Labor cost
- Benefit = GR –TVC.

CHATER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Current status of tomato production in RRD
3.1.1. Weather condition in RRD period 2008-2012
The Weather condition in RRD allow to develop tomato production from at many
seasons as Summer-Auturm, Auturm-Winter, Winter and Spring-summer. In which
Winter season is the best suitable for different tomato type, Summer-Auturm season
can be develop good heat tolerant, TYLCV tolerant, Bacterial wilt, in Spring-summer
season require varieties with heat tolerant, late blight and TYLCV tolerant …
3.1.2. Cultivated season and tomato varieties partern in RRD in period 2008-2012
In RRD condition, tomato cultivated season started from middle of July to end of
Jannuary. The early season starts sowing from middle of july to end of August with
the varieties as heat tolerant, TYLCV tolerant. Some provinces with high area in this
season as Haiduong, Namdinh, the popular varieties as Monggan, at Haiphong,
Bacninh with Savior, HT160… The main tomato season (sowing at early of Sep to
end of Oct) have been growing at the 2 rice seasons area and irrigated area. The
provinces with high contrentation area as Namdinh, Hungyen, Hanoi, Vinhphuc…
the popular varieties as VL2000, BM199, Grandeva, VL3500, HT160. The Spring-
summer season and Summer season have been growth on high and irrigated area, the
required traits for these season are heat tolerant, good to medium late blight tolerant,
the popular varieties as Savior, Grandeva, DV2962 , The provinces have larges area
in this season are Bắc Ninh (140 ha), Hưng Yên (80 ha), Hải Dương (120 ha), Hải
Phòng( 125 ha), Hà Nội (90ha), Vĩnh Phúc (85 ha)…,
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RRD area are diversity on cultivated tophography. The higher soil area with
40% where tomato have been grwown at early season, main season and late season.
The popular varieties are semi determinate type as Savior, Grandeva,
VL3500…Continuous by 2 rice seasons area with 55% area, main crop partern here
is winter season, the varieties in this segment are short growth duration, concentrated
harvesting as BM199, DV178, Perfect 89 and Savior. A small area of soil nearby
river (5%) in Vinhphuc and Hanoi … have been growth at early season, the popular

varieties as VL2004, VL2000, Perfect 89…
3.1.3. Variation tomato variety quatity through periods
Have variation on number of tomato variaties through period. It was from 32
varieties in 2000-2005 to 27 varieties at 2006-2008 and 2009-2011. The local
varieties, inbred varieties had been replaced by hybrids one (from incountry and
import from outside). The current production has high demand of high yield, high
quality, tolerant to some important diseases due to existing 16 kind of insects and 16
kind of diseses with different effected level. The pressure of the late blight, TYLCV
and bacterial wilt have been increasing and more serious at recent years that big
effected to tomato production in RRD.
3.1.5. Economy efficiency of tomato production at RRD by season and by location
It is high variation economic efficiency by growing seasons. The highest
efficiency from Summer-Auturm season with profit from 70,7 – 92,7 mio VND/ha,
Continuous by Spring-Summer season from 44,6-51,6 mio VND/ha, in Winter season
with suitable condition for tomato production but the price always at low level so
that benefit at low level also.
3.1.7. The limitation and difficulties of tomato production in RRD.
The high pressure of late blight in Winter-spring and Spring-Summer are biggest
problem (76,6% - 94,5% surveyed people); Leaf miner is second worries pest with
62,5% - 93,3%; The pressure of Bacterial wilt is thirth with (51,6% - 61,4%
surveyed people). The pressure of diseases as late blight, bacterial wilt have been
developing fast and strong expanding in RRD while the high yield, better diseases
tolerant varieties still gap. Problem from flooding/ heavy rain in Summer-Auturm
season also effected to tomato production. The Social -economic factors as unstable
price, lack of technicial knowledge are limit to tomato production also.
3.1.8. Research orientation to reduce limitation and difficulties on production.
Develop new varieties with high yield, good diseases tolerant and completed
cultivated techniques protocol to support.
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Deeply research on breeding variety with heat tolerant, TYLCV and late blight
tolerant traits to support for tomato production on Summer-Auturm and Spring-
Summer season that can bring higher benefit for tomato growers.
Research and quickly apply the improved cultivated techniques protocol on
prevent late blight, bacterial wilt disease on tomato production, especial on off season
production in RRD.
3.2. RESEARCH ON SELECTING NEW VARIETIES FOR RRD AREA.
3.2.1. Testing imported collection
In the 146 varieties were tested in Winter-Spring season in RRD, many of them
have good characters as good fruit setting (61,5%), good fruit shape (93,2%), high
plant yield with >2kg/plant (30,8%); good late blight tolerant (46,6%) and leaf spot
(63%). These are very good material to select good varities for production.
Based on targeted criteria, we selected variety groups with good agronomic
characters, good tolerant to diseases and higher yield. There were 5 varieties in
semiditerminate type as TAT072672, TAI786, Savior, TAT081072, TAT081119 and
5 varieties in determinate type as TAT062659, TAT071001, TAT071004,
TAT081266 and TAT081336.
3.2.2. Evaluating selected varieties
3.2.2.1. Agronomy characters of tomato varieties
The varieties belong to semi determinate type had growth duration from 113 days
(TAI786 – Autumn-Winter season) to 145 days (Savior, Winter season), harvesting
time from from 40 days (TAI786, Grandeva – Spring-Summer) to 65 days (Savior –
winter season). The growth duration of determinate varieties were shorter as 95 days
(TAT081266 – Autumn-winter) to 120 days (TAT071101 – winter season). The
harvesting time were shoter than semiditerminate varieties, the variation from 32
days (TAT071101 –Spring-summer season) to 40 days (TAT062659, winter season).
These characters are basement to set up cropping partern on different area in RRD. In
Spring-summer season, the plant height is highest, in Auturnm-Winter season, the
growth ability were stronger at early stage and in Winter season the plant height
shorter due to growth duration in the reducing temperature period make limit the

heigh. It was variation on trait as plant height from bottom to first node between
seasons; Number of node from bottom to first fruit bunch had no variation between
seasons. In the determinate varieties, the plant height similar between seasons,
numbers of node from bottom to first fruit bunch have small variation between
seasons.
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3.2.2.2. The yield components and yield
Table 3.16. Yielding of tomato varieties in different season in Hoaiduc, Hanoi,
2009-2010
Characters

Varieties
Plant yield (kg/plant)
Potential yield (ton/ha)
Acual yield (ton/ha)
Aut-
Win
Winter
Spr-
Sum
Aut-
Win
Winter
Spr-Sum
Aut-Win
Winter
Spr-Sum
TAT072672
2,29ab

3,17a
2,53ab
63,4ab
79,2a
70,2ab
53,1a
64,1a
50,3ab
TAI786
2,33a
3,42a
2,70a
64,5a
85,5a
74,8a
53,1a
68,7a
52,4ab
Savior
2,33a
3,19a
2,60a
65,5a
79,8a
72,0ab
53,8a
64,7a
54,6a
TAT08-1072
2,28ab

3,20b
2,48b
63,2ab
79,9b
68,8b
52,1ab
64,2a
48,2cd
TAT08-1119
2,11c
3,22ab
2,47b
58,4c
80,5ab
68,3b
48,1c
64,6a
47,9cd
Grandeva (đc1)
2,26b
3,19a
2,47b
62,5b
79,7a
68,3b
50,0bc
64,5a
46,3d
CV(%) (BHH)
1,5

3,5
3,6
1,5
3,5
3,6
2,6
5,7
3,5
LSD0,05(BHH)
0,06
0,21
0,17
1,7
5,1
4,6
2,5
6,8
3,2
TAT062659
1,68a
2,10a
1,75ab
49,8a
62,2a
51,8ab
39,6a
50,3a
39,5ab
TAT071101
1,63a

1,91bc
1,67b
49,5a
56,4bc
49,3b
39,4a
45,1bc
38,0b
TAT071104
1,68a
2,02abc
1,64b
48,3a
59,8abc
48,6b
36,9b
47,4abc
36,2b
TAT08-1266
1,66a
2,01abc
1,63b
49,1a
59,5abc
48,3b
39,1a
48,2abc
36,8b
TAT08-1336
1,68a

2,04ab
1,83a
49,8a
60,3ab
54,1a
39,6a
48,8ab
41,2a
HT42 (đc2)
1,62a
1,87c
1,63b
48,0a
55,3c
48,4b
35,9b
43,9c
36,6b
CV(%) (HH)
2,7
4,0
5,0
2,7
4,0
5,0
2,6
5,2
4,4
LSD0,05(HH)
0,08

0,14
0,15
2,4
4,3
4,5
1,8
4,5
3,0

3.2.2.4. Fruit quality
The Savior and TAT072672 have splended characters better than check variety at
main and off season as good mature fruit colour, less cracking shoulder, high rind
percentage (79,5-85,3%), firmness and less hard seed. The determinate varities as
TAT062659 had better on fruit quality and uniform fruit between harvesting time
than HT42 at different cultivated seasons as good mature fruit colour, high rind
percentage 80,5-82,8%, no cracking shoulder in winter condition ( score 9), slightly
cracking in Summer-Autumn and Spring-Summer condition (Score 7). It was
different on brix level between varieties, that was from 2,54 % (TAI786) to 3,18%
(TAT072672). The brix level at most semi determinate varieties were higher than
check Grandeva, the higest grade in TAI786 at 5,95%. The brix level at most
determinate varieties were similar than check HT42.
-15-

3.2.2.5. Diseases tolerant
The Savior and TAT072672 varieties had good presented on high tolerant to
TYLCV with very low effected rate at Autunm – Winter season (0,7%) but at low
rate and no effected at Winter and Spring-summer seasons. In Winter and Spring –
Summer seasons, the varieties Savior, TAT081072 and TAT081119 were lighter
effected late blight than others at both seasons (Score 1-2), The variety TAT072672
had better tolerant than check. The determinate varieties tolerant TYLCV than check

HT42 in three seasons, The HT42 was effected TYLCV the highest as 16,7% effected
plant in Autunm – Winter season.
In Summary: After 3 tested trial across seasons show that: in semideterminate
varieties, the variety TAT072672 and Savior have many splendid traits better than
check as good growth abilities, good fruit shape, uniform fruit, high fruit setting
abilities at both main and off seasons. High tolerant to TYLCV, light effected to
bacterial wilt and medium tolerant to late blight. In determinate varieties, the variety
TAT062659 better than check in growth ability at different seasons, achieved highest
yield in winter season, good fruit shape, unifrm fruit, high tolerant to TYLCV, BW
and light effected late blight.
3.2.3. Cultivated testing of selected varieties in Winter season in RRD.
2 semi determinate varieties as Savior and TAT072672 were tested at multi
locations as Vĩnh Phúc, Hải Dương, Hà Nội, Nam Định on different tophograhy. The
results showed that: both of them had very good on stable growth ability, the
achieved yield higher than check Grandeva. The Savior achieved 64,9-68,0 tons/ha,
the growth duration from 158 – 165 days and harvesting duration as 62-67 days
accordingly. They have good tolerant to TYLCV, medium tolerant to late blight. The
variety TAT072672 has variation growth duration from 156 - 165 days and
harvesting duration was 60 days, good tolerant to TYLCV.
The 2 diterminate varieties TAT071001 and TAT062659 were tested in Hanoi
and Namdinh. The variety TAT062659 had good performance at Winter season on 2
rice seasons area with growth duration 145 days, concented harvesting on 45 days,
good late blight tolerant at score 0-1 and good tolerant to TYLCV as effected rate
from 0,0-4,0%, the yied achieved from 49,1 – 52,0 tons/ha.
Since 2010, the Savior had been set to main varieties collection to develop at off
season at many locations in RRD. Currently at 7 provinces of RRD, Savior and
TAT072672 (Hồng Ngọc) have been cultivated as 1382ha and 328,3ha arccordingly.
-16-

Table 3.22. Production area of Savior and TAT072672

In RRD from 2010 to 2012 (ha)
Location
2010 (ha)
2011 (ha)
2012 (ha)
Savior variety



Vĩnh Phúc
216,0
259,2
302,4
Hà Nội
103,7
129,6
172,8
Bắc Ninh
86,4
172,8
216,0
Hưng Yên
129,6
129,6
129,6
Hải Dương
259,2
259,2
259,2
Nam Định

129,6
172,8
86,4
Hải Phòng
129,6
216,0
216,0
Total (ha)
1054,1
1339,2
1382,4
TAT072672 variety



Hà Nội
43,2
43,2
43,2
Bắc Ninh
34,6
43,2
43,2
Hưng Yên
43,2
43,2
69,1
Hải Dương
25,9
25,9

51,8
Nam Định
34,6
34,6
69,1
Hải Phòng
34,6
43,2
51,8
Total (ha)
216,0
233,3
328,3

3.3. RESEARCH ON IDENTIFYING TECHNIQUED METHODS TO
INCREASE YIELD AND ECONIMIC EFFICIENCY FROM SELECTED
VARIETIES
In parallel develop these varieties to production, the cultivated techniques had
implemented to support achieve maximum potential yield. The research on suitable
season, density and fertilizer rate had been done. The Savior was research on seasons
adaptation, the TAT072672 and TAT062659 were research on density and fertilizer
rate to complete techniques protocol.
3.3.1. Effected from growing season to growth alility, yielding and diseases
effected of Savior.
The data from table 3.24 show that, Savior is good heat tolerant variety as able
to start sowing from 10/8. In main season, Savior had very good performance at
growth ability and potential yield. This one can be very good development in Spring-
Summer season till 20/2. In both main and off seasons, Savior had well toerant to
TYLCV, light effected late blight and BW and yellow leave diseases at Spring-
-17-

summer season. The yield achived >65 tons/ha in main season and >46 tons/ha at off
season. These results were really bring high benefit for tomato growers in RRD.
Table 3.24. Yied componants and yield of Savior in different seasons (Hanoi,
2009-2010)
Characters

Formular
Fruit
setting at
5 first
bunches
(%)
Nuber
of fruit
bunch/p
lant
(bunch)
Fruit
number/
plant(
fruit)
Fruit
weight
(g)
Plant
yield
(kg/plant)
potential
yield

(tons/ha)
Actual
yield
(tons/ha)
The sum-aut







TV1(20/7)
40,5g
8,4f
26,6e
106,3d
1,6d
39,2d
34,3g
TV2 (30/7)
44,3f
8,9ef
28,3de
107,3d
1,7d
41,7d
36,7f
TV3 (10/8)
50,6de

9,4de
30,0cd
111,2c
2,1c
53,3c
46,4e
TV4 (20/8)
53,2cd
9,5cd
29,5cd
113,3abc
2,3c
56,7c
48,5cde
TV5 (30/8)
54,4c
10,0bc
32,3b
113,9abc
2,5b
61,7b
51,0bc
The winter

TV6 (5/10)
67,0a
11,8a
44,5a
115,7a
3,2a
80,0a
67,9a
TV7 (15/10)
66,2a
12,1a
44,6a
116,2a
3,1a
77,5a
68,6a
TV8 (25/1)
66,5a
12,1a
45,2a
116,0a
3,2a
80,0a
67,2a
The Spr Su

TV9 (15/1)
58,2b
10,4b
32,6b
114,7ab
2,5b
63,3b
51,6b
TV10 (25/1)
55,3c
10,3b
31,1bc
111,7bc
2,2c
55,0c
49,2bcd
TV11(5/2)
54,3c
9,9bcd
30,0cd
112,0bc
2,2c
55,0c
47,7de
TV12 (20/2)
50,1de
8,2c
26,3d

113,0abc
2,1c
52,5c
42,5e
CV (%)
2,9
2,9
3,1
1,5
4,5
4,5
2,8
LSD0,05
2,7
0,5
1,8
2,9
0,2
4,6
2,4
3.3.2. Identifying suitable density and fertilizer rate for TAT072672 (Hongngoc)
at offseason condition in RRD.
3.3.2.1. Identifying suitable density in Spring-summer season and Autumn-winter
seasons
In Spring-summer season had different yield between density rate from M1, M2
versus others, variation between rate from 47,0-51,3 tons/ha and get highest yield at
M5 (51,3 tons/ha). In Summer-autumn season, the yield of this variety variation from
44,8-55,9 tons/ha, the highest benefit also reached at M5 with 88,7 miovnd/ha in
Spring-summer season. The yield in Autumn-winter season get highest at M4 as
105,7 mio vnd/ha. Conclusion that, the Hongngoc variety need optimum density

suitable as 70x55 cm or 26,0k plants/ha in Spring-summer season. In Summer-
autumn season need optimum density as 70x50 cm or 28,6k plants/ha.
-18-


Table 3.29. Effecting from density to yield and investment effectiveness of
Hongngoc variety in offseason, 2010 in RRD.

Characters

Rates
Potential yield
(tons/ha)
Actual yield
(tons/ha)
Benefit (mio
vndđ/ha)
Spr-Sum
Aut-Win
Spr-Sum
Aut-
Win
Spr-Sum
Aut-
Win
M1 (40,8)
63,9b
61,7ab
47,0b
44,8c

64,6
50,1
M1 (35,7)
67,3a
55,9c
50,2a
51,4b
81,5
82,6
M3 (31,7)
66,0a
57,4bc
48,5b
54,8ab
73,7
99,4
M4 (28,6)
66,3a
65,1a
50,3a
55,9a
82,9
105,7
M5 (26,0)
66,7a
63,5a
51,3a
53,6ab
88,7
94,9

CV(%)
4,7
4,7
4,6
4,2


LSD0,05
2,1
5,4
1,5
4,1



3.3.2.2. Identifying suitable fertilizer rate for Hongngoc variety at Spring-Summer
and Autumn-winter season in RRD.
Table 3.32. Effecting from fertilizer rates to yield and investment cost of Hongngoc
variety in offseason, in RRD, 2010
Characters

Rates
Potential yield
(tons/ha)
Actual yield
(tons/ha)
Benefit
(mio vnd/ha)
Spr-
Sum

Aut-
Win
Spr-Sum
Aut-Win
Spr-
Sum
Aut-
Win
CT1. 120:150:150
58,6c
61,5c
42,3c
45,2c
52,3
60,1
CT2. 120:180:180
62,5b
70,2b
46,1b
51,6b
65,3
89,2
CT3. 150:180:200
67,4a
78,3a
52,4a
57,6a
95,7
116,7
CT4. 150:200:200

68,9a
79,7a
53,6a
58,6a
100,9
121,0
CT5.180:180:180
68,4a
77,2a
53,2a
56,8a
99,2
112,7
CT6.180:200:200
68,6a
78,0a
53,5a
57,3a
85,6
114,3
CV (%)
3,8
4,7
3,6
4,2


LSD0,05
4,5
5,4

4,4
4,1


The yield of any variety at different fertilizer rate displays potential yield at
optimum condition as well as identifying effectiveness of fertilizer rate to production
effectiveness. The trial results showed clearly role of elements N, P, K to variety
Hồng Ngọc. In order to Hồng Ngọc variety achieve highest potential yield and fruit
-19-

quality adapt to market required at off season need fertilizer rate as 150-180 kg N/ha,
180-200 kg P
2
O
5
/ha and 200 kg K
2
O, In case of short supply or un balance NPK are
effected to yield and fruit quality as well as some diseases effection.

3.3.3. Identifying suitable density and fertilizer rate for the TAT062659 in main
season in RRD.
In RRD, the determinate variety was grown mainly in winter season in 2 rice
seasons area. To confirm developing the variety TAT062659 in this area, The trialed
had been implemented to identify suitable density and fertilizer rate in the winter
condition.
3.3.3.1. Identify suitable density for the TAT062659 in Winter season
05 density rate were seted up to evaluate growth ability, yield comonents and fruit
quality of the variety TAT062659 showed that: the best density for this is 70x40 cm
(35,7k plants /ha), and achieved yield was 51,6 tons/ha and get highest benefit as

60,4 mio vnd/ha.

Table 3.36. Effected on density to yield and investment effectiveness from
TAT062659 in Winter season, in 2010, in RRD

Characters
Density
Fruit
setting
ratio (%)
Fruits/plan
t (fruit)
Fruit
weight (g)
Potential
yield
(tons/ha)
Actual yield
(tons/ha)
Net profit
(miođ/ha)
M1 (40,8)
49,7b
26,3b
93,2b
79,7a
50,2ab
54,7
M2 (35,7)
54,0a

32,4a
97,7a
69,1b
51,6a
60,4
M3 (31,7)
55,5a
32,0a
98,3a
65,4b
48,1bc
48,9
M4 (28,6)
55,8a
33,0a
98,6a
60,3c
45,7cd
41,3
M5 (26,0)
55,6a
32,7a
98,1a
55,6d
42,8d
31,6
CV(%)
2,7
2,5
1,0

3,6
3,5

LSD0,05
2,7
1,6
1,8
4,5
3,2


3.3.3.2. Identifying suitable fertilizer rate to TAT062659 in Winter season
Beside suitable density, fertilizer rate also strong contribute to build yield and
quality of agriculture products. Evaluating result from fertilizer rate to growth ability,
diseases tolerant and yield of the TAT062659 showed that:the best fertilizer rate was:
50N:180P
2
O
5
:200K
2
O và 150N:200 P
2
O
5
:200 K
2
O on the base of 25 organic fertilizer
+ 500 kg lime, the yield achieved to 54,0-54,2 tons/ha with benefit at 69,5 and 68,4
mio VND/ha.

-20-

Table 3.38. Effected from differenr fertilizer rate to yield and investment
effectiveness from variety TAT062659 in Winter season, 2010, in RRD
Characters

Fertilizer rate
Fruit
setting
ratio
(%)
Fruits/pl
ant
(fruit)
Fruit
weight
(g)
Potential
yield
(tons/ha)
Actual
yield
(tons/ha)
Net
profit
(miođ/
ha)
Charac
ters
Density

CT1. 120:150:150
51,8b
26,7b
97,3b
57,7c
48,4b
4,6
52,1
CT2. 120:180:180
52,5ab
30,0a
97,7b
60,4ab
50,9ab
4,8
59,2
CT3. 150:180:200
54,5a
31,0a
99,7a
64,6a
54,2a
5,0
69,5
CT4. 150:200:200
53,6ab
30,7a
99,3a
64,3a
54,0a

5,1
68,4
CT5.180:180:180
52,3ab
30,6a
99,7a
63,5a
52,0a
5,0
66,2
CT6.180:200:200
52,6ab
30,4a
99,3a
61,9ab
53,3a
5,0
60,5
CV (%)
2,6
2,2
0,7
2,9
2,9


LSD0,05
2,4
1,2
1,2

3,2
2,7



Base on trial results, we was established full cultivated techniques protocol for
3 selected varieties.

3.3.5. Implementing production Demos of the Hongngoc and the TAT062659
varieties in RRD.
3.3.5.1. Demos of the Hongngoc variety
The researched results from density and fertilizer trials had been applied to
demos in RRD. In Spring-summer season demos with planting distant 70 x 55 cm and
fertilizer rate as 150N:200P
2
O
5
:200K
2
O at 5 locations as Vĩnh Tường, Vĩnh Phúc;
Hoài Đức, Hà Nội; Bồ Sơn, Bắc Ninh; Nam Sách, Hải Dương; Hải Hậu, Nam Định.
In Autumn-winter season with planting distant as 70x50 cm, on fertilizer rate as
150N:200P
2
O
5
:200K
2
O at 5 locations as Vĩnh Tường, Vĩnh Phúc; Mê Linh, Hà Nội;
Bồ Sơn, Bắc Ninh; Yên Phú, Hưng Yên và Hải Hậu, Nam Định. The demos results in

Spring-summer season showed that yielding of Hongngoc variety were stable
between locations, variation from 54,5 – 55,7 tons/ha, the benefit achieved 60,5 -
87,2 mio VND/ha, that higher than normal production from 1,2 - 6,4%. Conclusions
from local people were: Hongngoc have many traits better than current varieties and
they accept to expanding in production accordingly.
3.3.5.2. Demos of the TAT062659 variety
The TAT062659 variety had been position at winter season on 2 rices area in
RRD. This variety has some good traits as concentrated harvesting, medium plant
height that suitable to build cropping pattern at these area. Demos of TAT062659
-21-

variety in winter season with density 70 x 40 cm on fertilizer rate as 150:180:200 in
Vĩnh Yên, Vĩnh Phúc; Hoài Đức, Hà Nội; Lạng Giang, Bắc Giang và Hải Hậu, Nam
Định. The demos results showed that: The yield of TAT062659 variety reached to
51,6 - 55,3 tons/ha across location, the benefit achieved 46,9 - 62,5 mio vnd/ha. The
yield from Demos were hogher than normal field from 9,0-14,5%. The variety
TAT062659 had good fruit shape, firmness fruit, good appearance that made
attractive by collectors. Most of growers who implemented Demos were accept to
continuous to growth this one at comming year.
3.4. IMPROVING GRAFTED PROTOCOL AND EVALUATING BENEFIT
OF GRAFTED SAVIOR PLANT IN RED RIVER DELTA
3.4.1. Identifying suitable rootstock variety to grafte on Savior scion variety
Many trials have been implemented to complete grafted protocol and evaluating
benefit of using Savior scion to grafte on rootstock EG203, Hawai7996 and Cagai .
Thess results were support for producing grafted seedling at Summer-Autumn season
in RRD.
To grafte Savior scion on rootstock EG203 need to sow EG203 before Savior 19
days. Do grafting when rootstock have 3-4 real leaves, seedling heigh is 18,0-20,0
cm, stem diameter 0,26-0,28 cm. The grafted plant need 4 days after grafted in cool
condition and 13 days in normal condition to recover before transplanting. To grafte

Savior on rootstock Hawaii 7996 need to sow rootstock before Savior 1-2 days, do
grafting when rootstock 3-4 real leaves, seedling heigh is 18,0 - 20,0 cm, stem
diameter is 0,28 cm, The grafted plant need 4 days after grafted in cool condition and
12-13 days in normal condition to recover before transplanting. To grafte Savior on
rootstock Cagai need to sow rootstock before Savior at least 24 days, do grafting
when rootstock 3-4 real leaves, stem diameter is 0,25 cm, The grafted plant need 5
days after grafted in cool condition and 15 days in normal condition to recover before
transplanting. The grafted survival rate reach to 85,6-92,1% by these protocol and
these results were adapt to production required.
By bacterial ioculation and evaluation results showed that rootstock Hawaii7996
variety had high tolerant to Bacterial wilt that can be used as good rootstock to grafte
on tomato variety to a voice BW pressure.
3.4.2. Growth ability, adaptation ability and yielding potential of grafted tomato
plant from Savior scion on different rootstocks varieties in Summer-Auturm
and Spring-Summer seasons.
Trials of grafted tomato plant evaluation from savior scion had been carried out
in 2 locations at 2 seasons as Summer-Autumn (early season) and Spring-Summer
season (late season) in Vinhphuc and Hanoi sites.
-22-

3.4.2.1. In Summer-Autumn season
Have variation on growth duration between grafted and non grafted plants.
Grafted tomato plant has flowering time later than non grafted one 4-9 days but
duration from flowering to first harvesting earlier non grafted one 4-6 days. Grafted
plant had better growth ability vs non grafted one as greener and maintain longer,
harvesting time longer than non grafted plants 5-17 days vs non grafted one,
especialty Savior scion grafted on EG203 rootstock have longest harvesting period
from 15 -17 days vs non grafted at different trialing locations. In 3 trialed rootstock
varieties, EG203 have better performance compare to others as longer harvesting
time, shorter period from transplanting to flowering, this was a good trait for grafted

tomato in Norhhern part condition.
Table 3.46. Yielding and yield characters of grafted savior scion on different
rootstocks plant at Summer-Autunm season, 2011
Chacraters

Combinations
Fruit
bunch
number
(bunche
s)
No of
fruits/pl
ant
(fruit)
Fruit
settin
g
perce
ntage
(%)
Plant
yield
(kg/pla
nt)
Plot
yield
(kg/plot)
Actual
yield

(ton/ha)
Increas
e vs
check
(%)
Vĩnh Tường, Vĩnh Phúc






Savior/EG203
10,8a
46,9a
56,7
2,8a
142,7a
71,3a
36,6
Savior/Hawaii
10,6a
39,5b
58,7
2,7b
138,3a
69,1a
32,4
Savior/Cà gai
8,1b

30,4c
53,0
2,5c
121,2b
60,6b
16,1
Savior non
grafted(ch)
9,1b
31,5c
56,3
2,2d
100,4c
52,2c

CV(%)
6,0
2,9
7,7
1,8
3,2
2,6

LSD 0,05
1,2
2,1
0,1
0,1
8,1
3,3

Hoài Đức, Hà Nội






Savior/EG203
11,3a
46,2a
57,8
2,8a
144,7a
72,4a
40,3
Savior/Hawaii
10,3ab
39,7b
58,5
2,8a
130,7b
65,4b
26,7
Savior/Cà gai
9,6b
33,2c
54,6
2,4b
130,1b

65,1b
26,2
Savior non
grafted(ch)
10,0b
36,7bc
56,5
2,3c
103,2c
51,6c

CV(%)
6,4
5,0
4,7
1,0
1,8
1,8

LSD 0,05
1,3
3,9
0,1
0,1
4,6
2,3


About Yielding: The highest yield achieved at Savior/EG203 plot with 71,3- 72,9
tons/ha, higher vs check 36,6-40,3%, following by Savior/Hawwai7996 achieved as

-23-

65,4-69,1 tons/ha, over vs check was 26,7-32,4%. Savior/Cagai had yield over than
check 16,1-26,2%.
About qualitative characters show that fruit from non-grafted plant was non
significant different than grafted fruits on fruit weight, rind thickness… but have
different on colour of mature fruit, fruit uniformity, firmness fruit and cracking
shoulder level.
In Summer-Autumn season, Bacterial wilt pressure is high, Level of this diseases
tolerant is different between grafted and non grafted plant. Evaluating results showed
that Savior non-grafted plants were effected BW . 15,8-25,6% but in grafted with
EG203 were no effected plant, grafted with Hawaii7996 effected from 0-5%, grafted
with Cagai also have low effected rate. In both grafted and non-grated plants were
non effected by TYLCV mean that Savior variety high tolerant with TYLCV. About
leaves spot, have non significant different between grafted and non-grafted at
Hoaiduc but non-grafted population in Vinhtuong were effected higher than grafted.
3.4.2.2.In Spring-Summer season

Table 3.51. Yielding and yield components of grafted scion Savior on differents
rootstock varieties in Spring-Summer season, 2012 in RRD
Characters

Combination
Fruit
bunch
number
(bunche
s)
No of
fruits/

plant
(fruit)
Fruit
setting
percent
age (%)
Plant
yield
(kg/pla
nt)
Plot
yield
(kg/plot)
Actual
yield
(ton/ha
)
Increas
e vs
check
(%)
Vĩnh Tường, Vĩnh Phúc






Savior/ EG 203
10,1a

38,3a
113,8a
3,0a
132,9a
66,4a
24,0
Savior/Hawaii7996
9,6b
37,1a
112,0a
2,9b
126,1b
63,1b
18,9
Savior non
grafted(ch)
9,8ab
37,5a
108,6b
2,7c
106,6c
53,3c

CV(%)
1,6
2,8
2,0
1,9
1,6
1,6

LSD 0,05
0,5
2,4
5,2
0,1
4,3
2,2

Hoài Đức, Hà Nội






Savior/ EG 203
9,8a
38,0a
113,4a
2,9a
127,6a
63,8a
25,0
Savior/Hawaii7996
9,8a
37,5a
111,7a
3,0a
131,1a

65,6a
28,4
Savior non
grafted(ch)
9,3b
34,4b
107,8a
2,7b
102,1b
51,1b

CV(%)
1,8
4,7
3,0
2,4
2,6
2,6

LSD 0,05
0,4
1,4
7,4
0,2
7,0
3,5

-24-

In this season, the duration time from transplant to flowering in grafted

plants were higher than non grafted plants but no significant different on duration
from flowering to first harvesting between grafted and non-grafted plants.

3.4.4. Benefit from demonstrations of grafted Savior plants in RRD
The grafted Savior plants from Savior/EG203 and Savior/Hawaii7996 had been
demonstrated in many locations in RRD. The results show that yielding from Savior
grafted on EG203 and Hawaii rootstocks have stable yield in summer-autunm season
in 2012, variation between locations 59,3 - 65,8 tons/ha. The production cost of
graftedplants were higher than non grafted due to cost of Hawaii higher than EG203.
Benefit from grafted plants in summer-autumn season were 104,5 – 137,6 mio
VND/ha, it was higher than normal production from 18,7 – 34,1% in value .

Table 3.53. Yielding and benefit from demostrations of grafted Savior plants in
summer-autumn season, 2012 in RRD

Characters

Locations
Rootstock
Demo
area
(ha)
Average
yield
(ton/ha)
Total
income
(miovn
d/ha)
Invest

ment
cost
(mio
vnd/ha)
Benefit
(mio
vnd/ha)
Increas
e vs
normal
(%)
Vĩnh Tường,
Vĩnh Phúc
EG203
0,5
63,2
322,3
195,1
127,2
28,2
Vĩnh Tường,
Vĩnh Phúc
Hawaii
0,3
59,3
302,4
197,9
104,5
18,7
Hoài Đức,

Hà Nội
Hawaii
0,5
63,0
324,4
197,9
126,5
29,2
Nam sách,
Hải Dương
EG203
1,0
64,9
334,2
196,6
137,6
31,7
Tiên Lãng,
Hải Phòng
EG203
0,5
65,8
329,0
196,6
132,4
34,1


-25-

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS
4.1 Conclusions
1. Cureent status of tomato cultivation in RRD such as:
- RRD area is good condition to cultivate tomato in Spring-Summer and Summer
Autunm to get high benefit.
- Have big variation on varieties collection and type of tomato during period
2000-2011 in RRD. The variation forwarding to growth hybrid varieties as
semideterminate type.
- Some limitation effected to tomato cultivation as: higher pressure of pest and
diseaeses; lack update improved technology and products, over use crop protection
chemical; unstable fresh fruit price.
2. To select and identify 1 determinate variety TAT062659 and 2 semi
determinate varieties as Savior and Hồng Ngọc (TAT072672) to introduce to
production in RRD.
Variety TAT062659 have high yield and highest benefit in Winter season at
multi location, yield variation from 49,1 – 52,0 ton/ha, round fruit shape, deep red
colour at mature stage, less cracking shoulder, high rind ration (80,5-82,8%), good
tolerant to late blight (score 0-1), suitable to growth on 2 rice season area. Fresh fruit
suitable for both fresh consumption and processing. This variety had started introduce
to cultivation since 2013.
Varieties Savior and Hồng Ngọc are suitable for both fresh consumption and
processing, good adapted at both main and off season in RRD, Savior yielding
variation from 53,8 - 64,7 ton/ha, yielding of variety Hồng Ngọc variation from 50,3
- 64,1 tons/ha. Both varieties had high and stable yield at different locations across
RRD, cultivated area have been increasing year by year. Till 2012, cultivated area of
these varieties reach to 1382,4 ha and 328,3 ha accordingly.
3. Identifyied suitable growing season for Savior, completing cultivated protocol
for Hongngoc and TAT062659 with different technicial about seasoning, plant
density, fertilizer dose as:
Savior variety with large adaptation, could be growth in Summer-Autumn

season from 10/8 till Spring-Summer season, the latest transplanting is 20/2.
Hongngoc variety should be plant with 28,6 thousand plants/ha in Summer-
Autumn season and 26,0 thousand plants/ha in Spring-Summer season. The suitable
fertilizer rate per ha is 25 tons of manual + 1385 kg lime + 150N: 200P2O5:
200K2O. The achieved yield on Spring-Summer demostrations were 54,5 – 55,7
tons/ha, in Autumn-Winter were 54,3 – 59,1 tons/ha.