Điện Tử - Cơ Sở Thiết Kế Mạch - Design Trên Máy Tính (Phân 2) part 3 potx

Irlnh Iruycn Ih6ng
de
khai b,io hai
kitu
"Color'"
viI
"Lighl'"
iiI
sai
\'~
m~tt
ell
ph,ip.
Dicu
do
I~\
do
n2~u
m(lt hien X
co
kicu
12t
"Colm".
thl khl
thl.fC
hi~ll
phcp
g,in
x
,=
Red:

ehuong
trlnh
dich
se kh()ng xac
dinh
dLlqc
gia Ifi 'Red' Ihuc)c
mien
x<.le
dPlh
cua
kieu
n~lo!
Neu
gia
tr!
'R.:J'
J6
thU(1C
kicu
"Color"
Ihl pilcp
gem
lit
dung.
Tl'Ong trlfong
hqr
gia trj
'Red'
thu(le

ki~u
"Light" thi
phep
gem
do
Ii:I
sai.
D~
gi,ii
LJuye'(
tinh
tri lllg
m(lp
ma
do.
tl'Ong ngt'lll
ngu
YHDL
ton
1'.11
co
ehe
dinh
kieu. Co
ehe
nay
cho
phcp
xae
dinh

mr)t
each
tU'ong
111mh
giet
tri
dang
xcI Ihu(le
kleU
n(lo.
M6i
d6i
IU(,mg
xuilt
hi~n
trong kicu
co
mc)t
vi
trf nhflt dll1h \'il
duqc
Xi.le
dinh
b6i trtll
tLl
xu:it hien. :\1(lt
c<tch
mac
dinh,
doi

ILlqng
dtiu lien c6
\"i
trf
O.
deli
tuqllg
tiep
theo
c(l
vi
lrf
I.
v.\'.
Trong
qua
trlnh tcing
IWp
phi."in
clrng,
kfch
thude
ella tin
hicu
ho,)c
bi61
klCU
li¢t kc
dUQ'e
x<\c

dinii blri
so
Iwmg
bit
nh() nhSI
de
mJ
h6a
s6luqng
de
gia
tr!
li¢1
kc.
h. Kicli s(i
nguj"cn
Kicu
nguyen
Ji:t
llli~n
xac
dinh
eua
dte
so
nguyen. Ttlt
Cit
c.ie plIcp
loan
to

il1
hqc
th61lg thu(l'ng deu.up
dl;lI1g
dur/c
eho
so
nguyen,
Cal'
phep
to;in
th~rc
hi¢ll tren kic'u
nguyen
IiI:
+.

*,
/.
Quy
ti.k
Cll
pilar
kilai
hi.lo
kicu
nguyen
co
dang

nhu
sau:
type
U;/1
ku;;{
is
ran<>e
mU;/1
\()
Il(l{/\C/I
.
.
~
~,
mi/II
\(j'
IIglI\(,1I
I~\
mien
can
eua
t(lp
hop
s(j
nguyen.
Vi
dy,
t,ype
lnteg~r
is

rangs
-2 I 474R3047
to
2147403647:.,
t)'pe
Twos_complement_Integer
is
range
-3276R to
32707:
c. Cae kieu duoe
dinh
nUh)a
tru6c
tron"
VHDL
. .
~ ~
Tileo
tieu
ehufin
IEEE
1076 - 1987
ngu'()'i
ta
x<\c
dinh
hai
gOI
ehutin: g6i

Standard
\,~I
goi
Textio
Irong tim
\'i~n
STD. Moi
gOI
chua
t(lp
hqp
eic
kicu
V~I
toan
tLe.
Trong
gOI
Standard
chua
tat
d.
cae
t¢p
nguon
elm
ng6n
ngiJ'
YIIDL
l:So

v(1i
cae
!l1~nh
d~
[In. Sall
d:IY
\,\
m(lt
s6
\";iC:u
ehu,-In dlHl'e
1116
ta
trong g/ll
Standard.
Bouh'<ln:
kiC:ll
lid
kc
c6
h,-11
giCI
Ir~
faise
vii
true
\/ii
qLlan
h~
fHI~e

<
trul'.
Ck
phcp
t,:i.e
dQng
kn
doi
tlf()'ng
\";i~u
Uoolcan
;;\
rh0p
lo,ln
16gie vtl quan he.
Cae
phep toan
n~\y
If,-I
h.li
gi.1
tri ki0u
Boolean.
Bit: ki0u liet
ke
\'(ii hai
giCI
Iri '0' vii 'J'.
C:IC
phcp

10:\11
16glC
c6 Ihe
Ilwe
hl~n
Iren
de
Mii
tu'qng
kieLJ
Bit
va
Ir.l
h.li
gia In kiell Hit.
Character:
kicu
iI~t
\ ;C
veii
mien \.ac d!nh
1:1
t~IP
hnp
die
k;'
Ill'
ASCII,
eic
k~'

Ill'
kh(mg hicll
du(.'iC
bi~u
dien billlg
10;1
eht'l'a
ha k)'
ILL
Cae
k)'
It.r
hl~n
hlnh
dlf<,'IC
bicu dicn giua hai
da'u
lm'lc do)).
]nte~cr:
kieu
so
nguyen v6i
nhullg
giii trj dlfong ho(tc
[l1n.
Mien
Xiie
dPlh
Cll,1
ki~u

Intl'~cr
lfOng g6i Standard la:
ILl'
-2. [47.41)1.647
d0'l1
2.147 A!n.G-l-7,
Ck
phcp to.ln tren
C<IC
dc'li
IUcl'ng
kicu I
ntcgrr
Iii
UtC
phcp tmin
so
h')c:
+,

;"
,/
'
Natural:
III
m(lt
kiC:u
COil
clla
kieu

,,,6
nguycil
\':1
dltng
de:
chi
utC ,,(l
ngu)'C'n kh('ng
[lin
-
,,,6
IV
nilien.
P()~itivc:
Iii
ki.::'u
con
clm
ki~u
so
nguyen
sir dung de hieu dicn c.\c s6
duong.
Bit
vector:
Iil.
kicu bicu dicn
111,'lIlg
eae
Bit.

Strill;:!;: kieu
ch-['
lt~u
bao g6m
ndng
cac
Charater.
M()I
glcl
In
KIC:U
Strin~
dWl'C
chl'l'a Hong
m()t
cap
m6c kcp.
Real:
mt'l
1,'\
GtC
s6 tlwc Irong gi6i
h'.ln:
tu
-1.ClI :
+
38
(kn
I.OE +
::IS.

Phy-,icaltypc
Time:
kieu
Time
dU9c
Sll'
dy.ng
de'
hie'u
di~ll
uie
~l,i
If!
thl~i
gl<111
dLll1g
Irong qua Irinh m(i pbong,
d.
KiC'u
m.in~
Tlflmg
11.1'
IIbll'
trong
etc
ng(lI1
ngCf
1~lp
trlnh truycn Ih6ng. lrong ng()Il
ngCr

VHDL. phiin
Ill'
kieu m:ing
121
nh6m cae phfin
tLI'
clll1g
kicu
vi:t
duoe truy c:tp
\l'ri
nlHr m(ll d(ii
tu<:m~.
Ph:in ttr kieu mang
trung
ng6n
ngi.1'
Vl-IDL e6
nhCing
dae
dlcm
nhu
~all.
CCIC
ph,-\II
ILl'
clla
m:l1lg
c{l
Ihe

lit
l119i
ki(:u lfOng ngt'lllllgt"i' VI-IDL,
SCi
ill'(!ng
e.ie
dl!
s6 ella m.ing ( noi
deh
khat
1<'1
s6
ehicu
cua
1l1,-'llIg
e6
Ihe'
nh:lIl
1l19i
gi.l Ir\ dll'ong.
Nting
chi
cl'i
m()t va chi m(lt
chi
s6
dung de Iru)'
nil~lr
Ill'i
ph~in

ttl'.
!'i7
Mien hie'n lhien
elH'
ehi
s6
xilc dinh s(i phan tu cua llliing
\,~I
hu6ng
~,jp
:\c'p chi ,,6 trong
1l1ilng:
llr c,ie chi
,,6
eao
xu6ng c,\c chi
so
lhftp
ho\\C
nguoe
1'.11.
Kicll elm chi
s6
co
the'
1;'1
kitu
nguyen
ho~\C
kicu li¢t

kc.
Khiie
\'{j'i
de
ng6n
ngu
IZlp
trlllh tru),cn thong,
trong
ng(lI1
IlgU"
YHDL
rn;ing
dw)"C
cilia
Uun
hai
lo".li:
m<.lng
c6
r~lllg
bU(K
\';'1
m

lng kh6ng rllng bw)c.
M:.ing
c6
r~ng
hU(le

III
milng lrong d6 kie'u
eLla
chi
s6
e6
mien xac
dinll
dUlye
quy
d!nh
mQ\
d.ch
lU"i".mg
Inlllh.
Dicu
do
co
nghTiI
Iii
,au
klu
dU<;Ic
Khai
])(io,
mang co
Krcll
thw'K
c6
dinh.

'llnr
y,Jy
m:"lng
c6
r:ltlg hU(K tHong
II,!"
"oi
doi tllvng
kltu
lll<.ing
Iiong
ele
ngllll
ngCr
li)p
trlnh Iruycn til6ng.
eli
phiip
eua
11l,ing
co
fling
bUi)e:
t)PC
ICII_lIhllIg
is
array
(Alw(f!l'.;_
(liil_(
11I·_.\() )

uf
Alell
(1l0 1!/itlll
III
Trong
(h).
/ :/i()(iIlX_(
,i(/_cJlI_,wJ'];'llIlicn
con
clJ<1
kitu
nguycn
ho~\C
kicll lil:!
t l:.
/ :/(,'u_Cliu-,)Jh'il_,/i·la kicu ella
phfill
lU
m;ing.
vr
dl.!,
khai
b<.io
mlmg ella
64
rhfin
lU-
nguyen.
type Arl-is
array

(0
to
63)
oflntcgcr:
Miin!.!
khl')'l!! rllll!!
bw.)e
III
ki0u milll!! Iron!!
d6
mien
""ie
dinh elta

'
L.

L
klCII
chi
Stl
\';1
lur6ng s{lr
xc'p
ella
de
chehi sli kh()lIg
\"iie
dinh illae
ell!

s6
IU\l'n,!!
chil'u ella lll:ing
(tWl"e
chi
roo
\'!m
\'ity
(kii
Ill"ting llliing
kh()J1g
r;lIlg
bU(le
eo
the
e6
s(i
!UO'llg
ph:11l
Ill'
kh()ll~'
:>;;Il' dlllh.
1\6i
c

iell kllile
mill'g
kh(lng ri\ng
hU(K'
e6

"(1
kich
IlJU\l'c
bll,'n Ihicn
'lIm
\'<.)y
dung
lu\mg
btl
nho
slr dung
Chll
lllr)1
ll1,ing
kh(')llg rilllg
hill'll"
e6
the thay doi
tU)'
theo
nhu
cliu slr
ell.mg,
Dlcu nlly khae \
6"i
de
ng(l/l
ngLr
1(lp
tflllh lruyen th6ng nlnr

C.
Pa"eal. .
ell
phiip eua
m<.lng
kh()ng riltlg hur)c:
f~Pt'
/(;II_"hing
is
arra~'
( 1(;/1
/ :/{'II
('hi
,I/!
n.ll1gc < > )
of
Ai
('II
1)1111'11_1/;'.
Ihl
/":/(;11
('/11'
sli'lll kicu eon xile dinh chi
sCi.
Vfdu.
t.ype
B1T_
VECfOR
is
array

(i'atUl'HI
ran~e
< »
of
BIT:
type
String
is
array
( pustiy('
rHng~'
< > )
of
dwractc,,:
;-,uhtypc
B4
is
I31T
_VECTOR
( 3
down
to
0
):
\.'ariablc V5 :
BIT_VECTOR
(4
downtn
()
):

rv1ang
IlllJ'tillg
dl:ll1,!!
tl2 bicu
di~n
call
Ink
luyc'n
1111h
nhu
tl1a1111
gill.
RAM.
ROM.
eic
phfin
ILl'
m;lng dune d;inh dja chi hang
de
elll
:-;6.
do
del
chi
<;(i
ella m;lng
ph;l]
co
ki~u
n\i

1"<.1t:
nl11i
kicu
:-;0
nguy0n.
kil:U
li~·t
kc.
Vi
(IL.I:
m6
I;;
Ix)
Ilh6'c6 kich Ihu6c
16
x
10:
suhtypt,
int J.
is
Integer
range
0
to
15:
;-,uht.\pc ImlO
is
lntcgt'r
range
0 to 1023:

f)'pc
\1ClIIllfY
is
array
(
Inl 1-
)
of
Illi [0:
Ta
e6
the truy c;)p
t6"i
de
phfin
Ilr
cLla
tn~ing
thco chi
:-;6.
Vi
d~l.
LtC
Iruy e(lp
lai
de
ph;"in
IU
eLla
tn,ing X thea ehl

:-;6
l.
variable
X:
Mcmory:
variable
1:
int 1-:
variable
Y:
IntlO:
Y:=XI
]+3
I:
l\gClllllgO" VI-IDL elm phep kh;\i
b;Io
de
1l1;lng
nhi(:u
ehicu. Vi
dl,l
\'c
truy
c;)p
mang
nhi(:u ehicu duqe dua
ra
du6i day.
Vi
til.l.

type
T\\oarray
is
array
({) 10 7. 0
to
3)
of
BIT:
constant
'l\nlROM
:
Twoanay:=
11'11',
'U', '()',
'I'
I
( '(I', ' (' , '()' ,
'('
I
( '0', '0'
,']'
,'('
I
( '1', ' I' ,
'0'
,
'1
t )
X

:=
TwoROM
(2,3);
('0'
,'0'
,'(' ,'('
I,
I
'0'
,
']'
, '0' ,
'('
I,
(
'('
, '0' , '0' ,
'('
),
('(',
'(',
']',
']'));
C.
Kicil ban
nhi
"
Rill ghi
1;\
ullom

eua
m()t
ho~\e
nhieu
ph£ill
tu'
thw.)e nhO'ng
ki~ll
kh.ie
nluLI
\'~\
dLil.K
truy
dp
tdi
nhu
1l1t)1
d6i
tI1Q'ng.
Rill ghi
e6
nhung
d,)e
dicm
saL!.
NMi
ph:in
tLf
eua
\xill

ghi duq'c truy nh(lp t6i
then
I~n
trl1()'ng.
eic
phiin ttl
ella
Ixin ghi
co
the
nh~1ll
moi kicll ella
ngbn
ngiI
VBDL
kc
C<.I
1l1<"lIlg
yil
\xln
gill.
VI
d~l
kiell h,ln
ghi:
type
Datc_
Type
is ( Sun,
Mon.

Tue,
Wed.
Till'. Fri. Sal
):
typc
Holyclay
is
rccord
Y
car
: Intc!!;cr
rangt'
1900
to
1l)99~
Month:
Integ:cr
ran!!;c I
to
12:
Day
:
Integer
range
I
to
31
~
Date
:

Date_Type:
end record:
eic
phfln
ILf
eua
h.ln ghi
dU(Jc
tru)' nhttp
theo
ten
b<.'ltl
giti \':1
ll'll
11
LflJng.
Hai tklllh
[1h,'ln
n~ly
ng[1ll
deh
nhau
h()oi
d:lu ',' .
Vi
d~l,
signal
S:
Iioliday:
variable

T
I:
Inte~cr
rangc
( 1900
to
2099
):
variable
T2:
Datc_
Type:
Tl
:= S.Year:
T2
: = S. Data;
f.
Cae
kicli
trung
goi
Standard
Logie
n.:"
Il1d
hinh
hOii
uic
till
1H~'n

C()
tile:
nh;:1ll
nhicu
hO'n
1w.i
giii tr!,
IlUn,g
ngon
ngO'
VIIDL
X{IC
djnh gl)i
Standard
Logic (
tuong
ling
voi chu[ln IEEE
](iO
Std 1164 -
19(3).
Hai kicu
dG'
li¢u
co
~&
Irnng goi
nay
I:l
STD_ULOGIC

va
STD_LOGIC.
STD_CLOGIC
xac djnh
ki~u
dlilL¢u grim chin
giii
II"!.
etC
gi<.1
tr~
tin hil:u
klc'u
STD_ULOGIC
kh6ng
th~
tham gia
\'110
dlc
pbcp
lOitn
logic
Y~I
so
hQc
co h,in. Trong
tru'cmg
hOp
n~IY
1<1

ph,ii
1l1(:i
rong
C(IC
phcp
tU~ln
so
hQC
va logic
C0
b,ll1
bang each cung
Ci;IP
cac
h,1111
quye"t
dlllh. Trong nhling tru'ung
IWp
khi
lin hi¢u tren
Im''lt
dUi'J"ng
co
the
nh,)n duoc
til"
nhieu
nguon lin hi0u
kh(lc
nhau,

chung
ta
cOng ph,'li cung eilp
dc
kiln
quycl d!nh.
Vi
dy.,
trong Iru'ong
hqp
tr0n
hinh
5.11.
dlf()"Il,g
tin
hi¢u s
Iii
kc"t
n6i
eLliI
hi.!1
dLfCl"ng
tinl1]l.::u
d(lC
1~1l1
SI
\"i\
s]
, khl d6
t<.li

diem kel noi
cll<\
hai
dU'o-ng
tin
hi~Ll
ta ([in
ph<li
xac djnh
giu
tin hi¢u tren
s
DlI:ll1l1;ll
1Iilll1
quycI
dll1h
gl~i
In lin
hl~LI
mnh
6.11
Trlrollg
hOp
,Lf
dung hiltll
quyfl
,1mh.
dlfCl"llg
s
sCi

nh[ln throc tu
gi<.i
Irj
lIn
hi~u
trcn
duo-n,g
"I
\',\
S,
nhu Ih6
n£\O.
Thong thu'cmg
giil
trj Iren duong S
du~1"C
X(IC
djnh
b~ll1g
de
phcp
loCm
OR,
AKD
hO~lc
XOR. Trong Irll'bng
i10P
gi,t Irj
CUi.!
tin hi¢u duqc

1110
1,1
b~l11g
m(lt
lrong chin
gi;'t
trj
CLla
kicu
STD_lJLOOIC.
ta
din
phai
Im'1
rQng
cac phcp
tocin
\('lgic
cha
dc
giAlr! khong IhuQc
I(lp
hqp {
'0',
't
'J
hay
I
'rills~',
'Irue'

1.
NIlllng
phcp
to,in m6 r¢ng d6
duC)'c
bieu
dicn
htlllg dlC
hilln
lJuy6t
d.ll1h.
Cae
gia
If!
clla
kicu
STD_ULOGIC:
type
STD_ULOGIC is
('U',
'X',
'I)',
,\"
'Z', '\Y', 'L', 'H', '.'
),
STD_LOGIC
lil
ki~u
dU'\JC
x,-ie

d!nh. Cae hiun
quye't
dinh cua
kiC"u
l\~y
du"Oc
cung
dip
hlii g6i Stand and Logic.
Tunng
tll'
nhu' nIT
V;I
nrr_
V
ECrOR.
n~6n
ngu VHDL
CUllg
cap
hai kl,-'u
STD_L'LOGIC
VECTOR
V"
STD_LOGIC
VECTOR.
Vi
dL,l.
cntity ADDER
is

port ( A.
It
in
STU_LOGIC
YLCfOR
( 3
do\~nto
0
).
Cin :
in
STU_LOGIC:
S
,out
STD_LOGIC_ VECTOR (
,downto
()
.
Coul,
(lut STD_LOGIC:
),
end
ADDER;
161
g. Kicli
signed
va
unsigned
Ki~u
e6

d:ill
signed
va kh6ng
dflu
unsigned
dLIqe
sir
dl,lOg
doi v6i
nbu'l1g
d6i
tuVng
sc
uuqe truy
C(lp
t6i
nhLI
cae bit va
nhLI
d.C s6 nguyen. Hai
h~u
nilY'
dLIQ'C
djnh
nghLa
lrang hai g6i
NUMERIC~BIT
va
NUMERIC_STD
nhu'

"au:
t~[pe
signed
is
array
(natural
range
<»
of
BIT/ STD_LOClIC:
ty'pe
unsigned
is
array
(natural
range
<»
of
BIT/ STD_LOGIC:
Vi
dl,!.
Card_Input:
unsigned
( 3
down
to 0
);
Score:
signed
(4

downto
0)
:= "00100";
cae
phep toun so hqe dlIqe Ina r¢llg eho nhling
kit~u
dO'
li¢u
nilY
vii
dlIq'C
1116
ta trung cae goi
NUMERIC_BIT
va
NUMERIC_STD.
Cie
d6i
tuVng
ki6u
unsigned
duqe bieu dien nlllr cae so
nguyen
nhj phflll kll6ng
drlll.
h. Kicu
con
Cae kieu
COil
I~l

IlH?t
t(lp
h(,ip
COn
eua
de
kicll
drr
dU'<;K
djnh
nghLil
khtic.
Phep kiwi
bao
ki~u
con
c{)
the
ntul1
a
1l1i,li
\'j tri cho pllcp
J hai
baa
kicu.
SI!
kh.ic bi¢t giua kiell
can
vii
kieu la 0 ella kicu con chi la t(lp con ella

m{)t
ki~u
hOZlC
llH?t
kieu con
diJ
dlt~K
dinh nghia trltlk.
Kicll
can
Ihuang dung
dC
gioi
IWIl
c,ie dang
du'
li~u
trong
de
phep
gem
va
Ir-:n
de
duo'l1g
dn li¢u. V6i \'i¢c khai
b,IO
de
kicu
eOIl,

cac
(h.Ulg
du
li~Ll
c6
the
dLIqe
nh(Ul
c,Ie
gi{l
tri
eo
nghL<I.
Cte
kieu con
k6
thLra
I11qi
Imln
tll"
vii
ehuong
trlnh con tae d¢ng len cae ki6u eha.
Vi
Ul,!.
eile kicu
natural
\'~l
positive
iil

eSc
ki~u
con
eua
kicLL
nguyen
integer.
Ck
kiwi bao kicu con cll
dc.lllg
sau:
suht)'pc
Int4 is
Integer
range
0
to
15:
subtype
IlIT_ VECTOR6 is IlIT_ VECTOR \ 5 downto \J):
§6.4
Toan
hi
va
hieu
thuc
Trong ngon
llgU
VHDL.
de

hiell thue
lil
C<l.e
eong Ihuc. Cile
et'lllf!
therc
nay xac djnh cae tae dQng linh toiln
ICn
cae
doi
11I(jllg
du
lieu.
Cie
hi~u
Ihue
in2