Điện Tử - Cơ Sở Thiết Kế Mạch - Design Trên Máy Tính (Phân 2) part 4 pdf

tlll.rc
hi~n
d.c
Iinh
IO(lIl
so
hqc
\"it
l{lgic
su
dl,lI1g
Gic
c.ic
{O.in
IU
\'6i
m{)1
s()
uic
toan h'.lllg. Cae
10(111
tll"
d~IC
trung cho phcp lo,in
se
duqc
t1wc
bi2n
cem
de
loan

hi mg
lil
de
ngu(ln
dl1
li¢u
eho
de
phcp
toano
1.
C~ic
toan tit
Cae
loan
Ilt
dlH1c
pl1flll
chia
theo
dc
!TItfc
dc)
uu
lien
vii
tl"(11
I~t
tinh lOall.
Trong b,ing

5.1
dU'a
ra
dc
nholll
phep
toan
YlJi
tnii"c
L1<)
ltU
lien
t[mg
d in.
Clc
quy
lfOC
ve
1r(lt
IV
t1wc hi¢n
cae
ph~p
toan
trong
oieu thue dltqe the
hi~n
nlm
sau:
Trollg bicll

thll"c
cac
phep lo,in e6 tnt1c
dl)
lfU
lien
IOn
han
'Ie
dWl"C
tlwe
hien
truck.
C.ic d,lu
ngoi~c
dem
cUllg
giup
x(\C
djnh dung
tr[\1
tu
tinh
10:.1.11
oieu
thu·c.
Cae
ph~r
toan
lrong

nh{l!l1
YO'j
Cltng
1Il(1\
mlte d(l
uu
!i':n
-;c
dU"<;J"C
t1wc
hi~n
IV
Ir.ii 4ua ph:li trong d.e
oieu
thu'('
Hang
6.1. Cae Imln tit
\'A
!l1(i"c
d6
uu lien.
Gic
e!ll~D
Io.:in
IOOle
and, or, nand, nor, xor
eic
phcp
lOan
quail

he
:::,
I:::,
<,
<:::,
>,
>:::
Cae phcp loan
c<;Jug
+,
-,
&
Toan
Ill"
d,lu
+,
-
Gie
ph~p
toan
!lh 1Il
,
, /, mod. rem
Cae phcp loan kh,ie
**
.
ao",
not
a.
Cae

I)hcp
tOlin
lllgic
Trong
ng()n ngl[
YHDL
dc
phcp toan \6gic
gom
eo and, or, nand, nor.
xur
\'~t
not.
Lie
phcp
tn{1ll
ntlY
Ille d(lIlg
lCn
d.c dlt h¢u
ki~u
BIT, Boolean
V;I
1l1,ing m(ll
chi~u
de
BIT.
86i
Y{ij
cae

phc:p
lo{m
hai
ngoi
and.
or.
nand,
nor.
xur.
Cilc
lo(m
h,.mg
ph.ii
eung kieu. Trnng trl10ng hop
de
loin
hdllg
\a
de
]11,llIg
mc)1
chicu
de
BIT
thl
de
mang phai
co
eung
d<)

clai.
Cae phcp
!Oitn
nh!
phan
xae
dl11h
cae
ham
trcn
e{lc
bil
eua
nhil"ng
ph:in
tu
ll1ilng
C(~l
cung chi
so.
kCI
qUi.l
s~
1;1
!1lQI
m.ing
c()
cung
d()
d;\i

\';1 gi6i h
•.
tIl
cae chi
~.,(i
Ph0p
tOal1
illQt
ngoi not xac d!nh phcp dao
oil
doi \'oi loan
h'.l1lg
eua
II,·.
Trong
twang
iwp
lOan
h'.ll1g
lil
m¢1
mang thi phep toan
not
lik:
d<)ng
10n
1M
ci
de
ph{in

IV
CLb.
mango
163
Vi
ell}.
signal
A.
n,
C:
nrc
VECfOR
( 6
down
to 0
):
A
<=
13
and
C
h.
Cae phcp tmill
quan
h~
Cae tmin
tlI
quan
h¢
g6m co cae phep toan

~o
sanh ":::" .
"/=",
"<"
.
"<="
,
">"
. ">:::".
Cae
phcp loan so silnh
1,1
dc
phcp
toan
hCli
ngoi
v~\
efc
to{1ll
hi ll1g
ph,i.i
co
clll1g
h~u.
Kct quit so
s<lnh
nh(m
kicu lloolc'lIl.
Phcp tOi.\l1

":::"
kic'm Ira quail
h~
"hJng":
"/="
-
kie'm
tra quan
he
"khi.le" .
"<" - quail
h~
"nhl)
han":
"<="
- nila hlm
hO(lC
b,l.l1g
,
">"
- "k'm
hll"il"
,
">="
-
"16"11
hem
h()~c
b~lllg".
KCI

4Ui.\
I1h~1l
gia
trj
true
I1(U
quail
h6
dW1c
nghi¢m
dung
vi:t
nh~H1
gl{l
Ir~
false
lrong
Info-ng
h0P
ngLI0c
i'.H.
e{\(:
quan
h¢
"="
vii
"/=" xac djnh
w1i
1119i
kicu

da
li¢u. Glll
cac
qwm
h¢
con
1\li
"<"
, "<:::" , ">" ,
">="
chi xae
c1jnh
vCti
cae
kicu
li¢t ke, so nguyen.
l1le'll1g
l11¢t
ehicu
cae
li¢t
k(:
ho~c
so nguyen.
51!
sap
xep
G'te
gia
1r!

Irong mien xae dinh eua kicu
xae
dinh
k61
tjUet
cLla
cae phcp
Imin
so
: anh.
Cie
: 6
nguyen duqc
StlP
xcp
theo
IhCI
\tf
II!
nhl~n
III
Gie
s6
,1m
deil
cae
so dtlung.
Cie
m.:tng
st:

dlI~1C
so
sanll hilllg
dch
'>0
s<inh
lirng
ph::i11
Ill:
clla
m~\llg
btl{
di.lU
lu
dn
Ir{li
ella mien xac
d~nh
chi
,,()
m,'lllg.
VI
cit,!,
signal A.
B:
unsigned
( 6
down
to
0

);
signal
C.
D.
E:
Boolean;
C <= ( A =
Il
l:
C.
C{IC phcp
toan
c(mg
Ciic
pbcp
t0611
c¢ng bao
g6m
"+". "-" .
"&".
Cae
pilip
to,in "+", "-" time
hl~n
trcn
de
d6i
ILH,mg
kicu
integer.

Phcp loan noi
"&"
ap
d~ll1g
v6i cae d6i
Ilf\mg la mang thanh ghi. Phcp
to,il1
nay xily
cl\fng
ll1<.'mg
m6i ballg
dich
ghcp
noi
hai
1TIi.l.ng
nam
trong toan
b;:.mg
Vo\
nhau.
Mc)i
toan
hi.~ng
ella
phcp
tOil.ll
"&"
co
Ihe'

ia
m¢t mang
hO(IC
philll
IL1
ella
m tng.
Cae
phcp
loAn
Ili'ty
cling
thlfc
hi~n
v{)'i
cae
to<l[1
h
•.
mg c6
ki~u
signed
Yll.
unsigned.
164
signal
W:
BIT_
VECfOR
(3

downto
O)~
signal
X:
integer
rangc
{)
to
15~
signal Y. Z:
unsigned
( 3 do".'nto 0
)~
Z<=X+Y+Z~
Y
<::::
Z ( 2
down
to 0 ) & W( I
)~
d.
Cae
phep
toall d!llh d{iu
Cie
phcp loan
lTI(lt
ngbi
"+",
"-"

,
"abs"
tlNc hi¢n vtii
d.c
to(lll h:.\llg
d,.mg
so
va
tni
I'.li
gia
tri
elmg kieu.
c.
C~ic
phcp
toan
nhan
Cic
phcp toan
nh,l11
"*'*" , ,,*" .
"r
,
mod,
rem
!lwe
hi~n
(rC'1l
cae kicll

integer.
Pllcp
(OUI1

,:,*"
the
hien phcp
nang
1011
Ill}'
thlra~
,,*" - phcp nh[\ll;
"j"
- phcp chia:
mod
-
Itiy
m()(lull:
rem·-
lAy
ph:ill
dlL
Vi
dl,l,
2.
Cae
tmin
Iwng
signal
A.

B,
C:
integer
range
0 to
31
~
A<=Il'Il;
D<::::
E
mod
4:
, ,
Trong
!1l0t
bieu thue,
cae
Imin
tiI
dung
de
tmin
h'.lll;
;ti11'f4
,, elC
~i:'
Ir!
clla
chung.
Thl'Hlg

thuang
trong ngbn
ngCi:
YHDL
c6
nhlcu
d,.tng
tmill
Il:mg.
Cac
loan
h,.mg
cOng
c6
the
In.
ehinh
cae
bicu thue.
Cae dang loan
han
o
tron"
noon
noCi:
VHDL
baD
gam:
. . 0 0 0 (;:-
Cac

hang,
ky
hi~u
nhu
'x' , "1001" ,
345;·
ale
ten.
d!nh
danh;
Cit
chi
s6~
165
Cae tcn
ngin
\'a biet danh:
- Cae ten
thU(lC
I[nil:
Ciie
I1h6m:
Oic
bi~u
thli'c d!nh kieu:
Ole
phc'p
goi
h~lIn;
Cae hieu

thlfC
ehuycn
deli
kieu.
Cue
htlllg
ky'
yi\
gJ,i
11'\
k5'
hi~u
hO(IC
ia gia Ifj
~O,
gia Ifi
k)'
IV,
cae gia
If!
ii¢!
kc
,
c;.ic
gl<i
tfi xau.
166
eic
gi;i
Ir!

so
lil.
c<ie
lli\ng
gia
Ir!
nguyen. Cae
gi<.1.
Ifi
so
dL19'C
bi~u
di.211
tU)'
thu()c Ihen
h¢
e(l
so
l11a
gi<.\
Irj
diS
hieu (hell.
• Trong
h6
cO"
sci
mui".l'i
cae gia
II"!

~6
duQ'c
yie·1
nhu
blnh Ihuang.
•
Trang
h~
co
s6 khae
111
2
)-
16,
ta
\'i2'1
du6i
d,.mg
((1_"\0'
#
gl([
1/1
/Ulllt;
Vfdu,
2#
1101
Cae
htll1g
ky
IV

i~l
de
ky
It!
fieng
Ie
dU'(1e vicl Hong hai
ngo(lC
do'n.
V[
ell:'.
'1.'.
Cae
h,\ng
li¢1
kc
iu
cae hang
du~J'C
xae djnh Irong djnh nghla kicu
ii~t
kc.
Trong ngon
ngil'
VHDL
cae
gi,i
If!
licl
k0

ella
cue
ki~u
ii~t
k0
khcic
nhau
co
the Irung nhau.
V[
du,
type Color
is
( Red, Green, illuc
):
type
Lighl
is
( Red, Yellow, Green
):
eie
gia
Jrj
X[IU
ky
It!
la
bicl]
dicn ella mung ky
III

me)!
chicu
dc
k}'
It!.
C6'tul(
d,.mg
hilng
x{iu:
de
xilu
ky
It!
\'3.
xiiu
de
bit.
•
Ck
x{iu
ky
tL.r
Iii
ehu6i
de
k)'
tt!
ntllTI
giua hai driu moe
b:p.

V[
d'-:l,
"Demo", ''100lO01''.
•
X;lu
cae bil duqe bicu dien
IL1o'ng
II!
nhu
X[tll
ky
II!,
nhlIng
ph[m
bi¢t
c<.I.c
de
ch.tng
xflu
nhj
phfm.
oclal \'a
hcxa
bitng
de
k)'
h.r
chi
he
co

s6,
Vf
du,
B"
10011
",0
"277", X "4C",
h.
C:ie
ten
,"';}
d!nh
danh
Ok
dinh
uanh
d6i khi
con
g9i
1m)!
cach
don
giin
IiI
t2n. Dinh
danh
li\
uk
!en
deli

\'6i htmg, bien, tin hi¢u,
th~re
th~,
ella
d.c
ding,
cl1l1O'ng
Irlnh
COil
\'(1
ella cac khai
baa
tham
so. Cae
IV
klloi\.
trong IJgon
ngCf
VHDL
ciing
1~1
cae
dinh danh. Cae ten
phii
btlt dau Itl chiJ
cai
va
chi
chua
chi.1

GiL ehiJ
so
\"~l
(Hlu
gi lch
noi
'_'.
D[llI
g,~ch
noi '_' kh6ng
!h~
la
ky
tI! sau cung
trung
llH)!
d!nh
danh. Trong
ng()]l
ngi.1
VHDL
cac tcn va djnh
danh
kh6ng
ph[1ll
bi¢t theo chu
hoa
\'U
chiI
!l1lfOllg.

Mt)t s6
djnh
danh
nhl1
entity,
port,
is
\'tl
end
1~1
de
ILl'
khoj
trong ng6n ngu
VHDL.
Moi tv
khoa
eo
5'
nghia
xac
djnh
trung
ng(m
ngu
vii
khong
the
su
dl,Jl1g

trong
de
1lll,lC
dfch
kh,k.
e. Tell du''lc
chi
s6
hlHl
Nhung len
nily
x<.le
djnh
m()t
phfin
tu ella doi luqng
Inelng.
Cll
philp m6
I,i
cLla
ten chi s6
nhu
sau:
Trong
do,
hilll_ll!((("
ph<.ii
tra
l<;Ii

gia
tfj
lu
chi so clla phfln
tt!
lTIi.ing
trong mien
x<.tc
djnh clla chi s6.
Vi
dl,l,
type
Memory is
array
( 0 to 7 )
or
intcj:!;cr
range
0 to 1023:
variable
Data_Array: Memory:
,"'ariablc ADDR:
integer
ranj:!;c
0 to
7;
,'ariable
Data:
integcr
nlllge

0 to 1023;
Data
::::
Data_Array
(
ADDR
):
d.
Ten
ngan
\'U
hi~t
danh
Ten ngltn x,\c dtllh
chuai
eac ph,ln
lU
eua d6i tuqng
m<.lng.
Huang Clb
uic
chi s6 phan
tu
ll1,ing la to
hO(lc
downto.
Tuy
nhicn
chieu chi so
cll<1

len
nglm ph,ii
luong thlch voi ehicu chi so
cua
ki~u
milng
tuang
LIng.
Ten
ngtlll
co
the
st'r
(h,lllg
cung
\'oi cac
bi~l
danh
(alia'>
).
167
Bi¢t
danh
(,,\0
r<'l
1110t
ten
ll10i
elm
ll1Ql

ph:in
ho~c
tO~U1
be)
mango
Bi~t
danh
eung
Gtp
m(l(
co
che
truy
G~p
khCle
Wi
phein
tir eua m;'ll1g.
V[dl;!.
variable
Org :
BIT_
VEcrOR
( 7
down
to
a
):
alias AI : lllT_
VECfOI(

(0
to
3)
is
ORG ( 7
down
to 4
):
alias 1\2 : BIT_
VECfOR
( 107
duwnto
100)
is ORO:
alias
1\3 : BIT is
ORG
( 7
);
e,
nUHk
tlnh
Thw.)c
(fnh
];\
<IiI
It¢u gan !Jen v6i
d(ii
tuong
(rong

ngon
ngCr
VHDL.
Thw)c tinh trong
ngCm
ngCr
VHDL
ella
de
hic'n
hOile
tin hieu llf(mg ung
\'oj
nhiJng gi;.l(r!
Cl.l
the \'ll duq·c xac
d!l1h
Iheo
lJUY
tac
Cll
ph,ip sau:
Cae Ihu(K t[nll duoe dinh
nghia
trude trong ngon ngu·
VHDL
iiI
left,
right,
luw, high.

range,
reverse-range.
length.
168
Cae thu(K tfnh left
hO;IC
right
tni.
l<:ti
chi
~o
clla
phi.ln
Ilr
ben Inii
ohAt
[m(lc
hell pll,lj
nh~t(
ella
ki~u
du
li~u.
CCic
thU(K
tfnh
hij!;h,
low tnt
1;.11
chi

so
ella
phiin
lit can
ni1ft(
hO(lc
thllP
nhflt
cua
kicu
dG
li¢u.
CCic
thu()c tinh
range
VlI
reverse
range
X~IC
dinh kho:lllg ella chi st).
- Thm)c tinh length dua
ra
so
luqng cac phfill
Ilr
eua
!1l()(
IlIT_
VECfOR.
Vi

elL,l,
suht)'pe
Index_range is
integer
range
10
downto
0:
\'ariable
Veetl : BIT_
VECfOR
(lndx_rangc);
khi
do
ta St e6:
Veer
J'
lert
f-)
Indx_rangc'
left::::::::
J 0;
Veetl'
right
f-)
Indx_range'
rij!;ht::::::::
0;
VectI'
high B Indx_runge' high

==
10;
Veetl'
lo~,'
B Indx_ntnge'
low
==
0;
VeetI'
range
B Indx_rangc
==
10
downto
0:
Veell'
reverse_range
B Indx_range
==
()
to
10:
V eet
l'
leng;th «-t
11.
Gic
thu()c tfnh
event
V~I

stable
chi
co
d6i
vO"i
e,le tin
hi~u,
C[IC
tbUl)e
tfnh
11;11'
chi
rtmg tren duo'ng tin
hi~u
dang
xd
c6 xu[it hi¢n
sV
ki¢n
hay gi,i
tf!
trell duong tin
hi~u
6n djnh
t<.li
th()·i
diem hicn t'.ll. Trong
qua trlnh long
hqp
1l1<.lCh,

cae IIlll¢e tinll
nily
thuang
dll11g
vO"i
de
lenh
wait
";1
l¢nh if,
Trong ngon ngiI VHDL con e6 m¢t so
thuQc
tinh
ltuQ'e
djnh nghla
trudc
kh[lC.
Ph[in
16n
d.c
Ihu9c Ifnh
nllY
duqc
dung
eho
qUii
trlnh
\TIc.
phung. Vi
d~

nill!"
d.c
Ihu9c tfnh
delayed,
activc,
behavior.
structure,
last_cwll.
l:lst acth c.
f.
Cae
nh(lI11
Cae I1hom
kCI
hqp
mC)1
hO(lC
nhicu gia
tl"j
vao
11l¢1
gi[l
Ifj
kC·I
hqp
ella
kicu
Im'tllg
ho(1C
kitu

han ghi. Nh6m duqe
dung
de
gun
gi<\
Irj
eho
deli
tU'Cfng
kicLi
m:lIIg
ho(1C
b<.ln
ghi khi kh6i
t<.IO
hOZlc
trong
de
bieu
th(J'e
gan. Vi¢e d.lnli chi
so
de
ph,l.n
Ill'
duQ'c
d(1C
t<1
thea
t6n

ho~e
Illeo
\'!
Irf.
8(lc
1,\
Ihea
len: sl!
luang
{fng
giiJ'a
c<le
phan
tll'
clla
nht'1l11
V~l
pilan
Ilf
ella
deli
lu'(;mg
du~)'C
gall
dLfQ·C
chi
1"0
thea ten ella tlrng
ph{in
Iii

<I gi'l
tr!
clb
chung.
Vi
dl,l,
t)·pc
Coloclist
is ( Red.
Orange,
Blue,
White
):
type
Coiocarray
is
army
(Color_lisl)
of
I31T
_VECTOR ( I
down
to
()
);
variablc
X :
Color3lTay;
X
:=

(
Red
=>
"00", Elue
=>
"10", Orange => "01",
Whit(.:
=>
"II"
):
169