Lập trình Windows - Lập Trình C #- Lập Trình C Shap - Chapter_1_Overview pot

Chapter I
Framework and C# Overview
1
Content
Content
Part 1: NET Framework
1. CLR, FCL, CTS
2. Namespace
3. Managed code
4. Garbage collection
5. .NET framework architecture
Part 2: C# overview
1. Features
2. IDE
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.NET FRAMEWORK
.NET FRAMEWORK
PART I
3
.NET Framework
.NET Framework
4
.NET 1.1
.NET 1.1 (Apr-2003)
VS .NET 2003
Default: Server 2003
.NET 3.5
.NET 3.5 (Nov-2007)
VS.NET 2008
Default: Windows 7
.NET 3.0

.NET 3.0 (Nov-2006)
Default: Windows
Vista, Server 2008
.NET 2.0
.NET 2.0 (Nov-2005)
VS.NET 2005
.
.
NET 1.0
NET 1.0
(Feb-2002)
Net 4.0
What is the .NET framework
What is the .NET framework

The .NET Framework is Microsoft’s latest
development platform, and is currently in version 4

Key motivations:

Means of integrating disparate operating systems
(Linux, Mac OS,…)

No restriction on the type of applications: .NET
Framework enables the creation of Windows
applications, Web applications, Web services…

Can be used from any language, including C#, C+
+, Visual Basic, JScript, and even older languages
such as COBOL

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What’s in the .NET
What’s in the .NET
Framework?
Framework?

.NET Framework consists primarily of a gigantic library of
code that you use from your client languages (such as
C#) using object-oriented programming (OOP)
techniques.

Framework Class Library (FCL) contains thousands of
classes to provide access to Windows API and common
functions like String Manipulation, Common Data
Structures, IO, Streams, Threads, Security, Network
Programming, Windows Programming, Web
Programming, Data Access, etc.

You can use the classes in FCL in your program just as
you would use any other class. You can even apply
inheritance and polymorphism to these classes.
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Common Type System (CTS)
Common Type System (CTS)

Part of the .NET Framework library defines some
basic types.

A type is a representation of data, and specifying
some of the most fundamental of facilitates

interoperability between languages using the .NET
Framework.

This is called the Common Type System (CTS).

Example: CTS defines a type, Int32, an integral data
type of 32 bits (4 bytes) which is mapped by int of C#
and Integer of VB.Net
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Common Language Runtime
Common Language Runtime
(CLR)
(CLR)

.NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), which is
responsible for maintaining the execution of all
applications developed using the .NET library.

Our programs don't directly communicate with the OS but
go through the CLR
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Executing an application using the.NET
Executing an application using the.NET
framework
framework

In order for C# code to execute, it must be converted into
a language that the target operating system understands,
known as native code.


This conversion is called compiling code, an act that is
performed by a compiler.

Under the .NET Framework, this is a two-stage process.

Compile your code into Common Intermediate
Language (CIL) code.

JIT compiler (just-in-time) compiles CIL into
native code that is specific to the OS and machine
architecture being targeted.
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
IL (Intermediate Language)

MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)

CIL (Common Intermediate Language)
 Alternate calling ways of the Intermediate language
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Assemblies
Assemblies

When you compile an application, the CIL code
created is stored in an assembly.

Assemblies include:

Executable application files (.exe ) and libraries
(.dll )


meta information (about the information contained
in the assembly) and optional resources
(additional data used by the CIL, such as sound
files and pictures).
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Managed Code
Managed Code

Code written using the .NET Framework is managed
when it is executed.

CLR looks after your applications by managing
memory, handling security, allowing cross-language
debugging,

Applications that do not run under the control of the
CLR are said to be unmanaged

In C# you can write only code that runs in a managed
environment. You will make use of the managed
features of the CLR and allow .NET itself to handle
any interaction with the operating system
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Garbage Collection
Garbage Collection

Is the .NET method of making sure that the memory
used by an application is freed up completely when
the application is no longer in use.


Prior to .NET this was mostly the responsibility of
programmers.

.NET garbage collection works by periodically
inspecting the memory of your computer and
removing anything from it that is no longer needed.

There is no set time frame for this; it might happen
thousands of times a second, once every few
seconds, or whenever, but you can rest assured that
it will happen.
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MS IL
CLR
C++
Compiler
C#
Compiler
J# .NET
Compiler
CT
C#.NET
CT
VB.NET
CT
C++.NET

CT
J#.NET
VB .NET
Compiler
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Programmer
Programmer
.NET Framework - Architecture
.NET Framework - Architecture


Common Language
Infrastructure (CLI)

provide a language-
neutral platform for
application
development and
execution
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.NET Framework - Architecture
.NET Framework - Architecture

.Net Framework is
the combination of
layers of CLR, FCL,
Data and XML
Classes and our
Windows, Web
applications and
Web Services.
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Framework base classes
Framework base classes

Is the layer on top of the CLR

The .NET Framework class library exposes features of the
runtime and provides other high-level services that every
programmer needs by means of namespaces
19

System Namespaces (1)
System Namespaces (1)

Contains fundamental classes and base classes

Define commonly-used value and reference data types,
events and event handlers, interfaces, attributes, and
processing exceptions

Other classes provide services supporting:

data type conversion

method parameter manipulation

Mathematics

remote and local program invocation

application environment management

supervision of managed

unmanaged applications
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System Namespaces (2)
System Namespaces (2)

System.Collections namespace:


provides sorted lists, hash tables, and other ways
to group data

System.IO namespace provides:

file input /output (I/O), streams, and so on

System.Net namespace provides:

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) and sockets support
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C# OVERVIEW
C# OVERVIEW
PART II
22
C#
C#

C# is one of the languages included in the .NET
Framework. It is an evolution of previous languages such
as C++, and can be used to write any number of
applications, including both web sites and Windows
applications.

C# is object oriented and contains a powerful class
library of prebuilt components, enabling programmers to
develop applications quickly.

C# is an event-driven, visual programming language in

which programs are created using an Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)
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Overview of Features Added
Overview of Features Added
in C# 2.0
in C# 2.0

Strong type

Generics

Iterators

Partial types

Anonymous method
Overview of What’s new in C#
Overview of What’s new in C#
3.0
3.0

Implicitly Typed Local Variables (type inference)

Object and Collection Initializers

Extension Methods


Partial Methods

Anonymous Types

Query Keywords

Lambda Expressions