De cuong ON TN 2010.doc

Part I: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
( Hoøa hôïp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngử ): Sự kết hợp của các thì trong một số mệnh đề ADV
1.When :
_ When + S + V (present simple) ,S + will Vinf.
Eg: I’ll ring when I get there
_ When + S + V (present simple) ,S + will have V
3,ed
( khi ….thì sẽ hoàn thành xong…Adv
thường đi kèm: just, already, for + time )
Eg: When he comes, we will have prepared the food for the party.
_ Vinf( Mệnh Lệnh) when S + V (present simple).
Eg: Remind me when I forget.
_ When + S + V
2/ ed
(past simple), S+ V
2/ ed
(past simple) : hai HĐ xra liên tục trong Qk.
Eg: When I heard the noise behind me, I turned round.
_ When + S + V
2/ ed
(past simple) ,S + was / were + Ving(past continuous):1 hđ xen ngang 1 #
hđ đang xra. When we came, they were dancing .

_ When + S + V
2/ ed
(past simple),S + had + V
3,ed
: Hđ xra trước( past perfect), hđ xra sau(past
sim) Ex : When I got home, everybody had gone to bed.
2.While :
- While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V- ing: hai HĐ xra song song trong Qk.

Eg: While my mother was preparing the meal, my father was decorating the house.
_ While S + was / were + V-ing , S + V
2
, ed : 1 hđ xen ngang 1# hđ đang xra.
Eg; While they were dancing , we came.
3. Before = By the time + S + V
2/ ed
, S + had + V
3
, ed = After + S + had + V
3,ed
, S + V
2/ ed

Before I got to the party, they had gone home.= After they had gone, I got to the party.
4. Since S + V
2/ ed
, S + have / has + V
3,ed


She has been taught how to dance since she was 4.
5. It is the first time + S+ has / have + Vpp
Eg: It is the first time I’ve seen Jane look embarrassed.
6. It was the first time + S+ had + Vpp
eg: It was the first time I had seen Jane look embarrassed.
7. By the next month, S+ will + have + Vpp/ will have been Vpp.: Trước thời điểm tháng
sau…By the end of this week, / Before the end of …
8. IN a few years TIME: trong vài năm tới…+S+ will + have Vpp/ have been Ving.
9. At this time next week +S+ will be Ving : Vào thđiểm này tuần tới …

10. Before S+ V(present simple) , S+Will +Vinf. Eg: As soon as I get, I’ll phone you.
As soon as (ngay khi)
When…
Note :
1. When I’m learning English, sometimes I ____ the accent.
A. will be confused about B. was confused about
C. had be confused about D. am confused about
2. Don’t go anywhere until I _____ back.
A. come B. will come C. have come D. came
3. Never talk to the driver while he ______.
A. will be driving B. will drive C. drives D. is driving
4. She won’t get married until she _____ 25 years old.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was
5. Lan has learnt English since she ____ a small girl.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. would be
6. Tom _____ before we arrive there.
A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves
7. What do you think the children _____ when we get home?
A. would do B. do C. were doing D. are doing
8. While I was going to school yesterday, I ____ him.
A. meet B. met C. will meet D. am meeting
9. The train _____ when we got to the station.
A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave
10. Tom told me he _____ call me at the airport when I ______.
A. would/ arrived B. will/ arrive C. will have/ arriving D. would be/ arriving
11. I _____ the book by the time you come tonight.
A. will be finishing B. finished C. have finishing D. will have
finished
12. (A)By the time (B)the police (C)come, the robber (D)had run away.
13. (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back.

14. Phuc never (A)go to bed (B)before he (C)has finished his (D)homework.
15. I (A)was listening (B)to the radio (C)when the door bell (D)will ring.
-
Part II: Subject and Verb Agreement ( Sự hồ hợp giữa S_V) chỉ xảy ra ở thì hiện tại( préesent
simple/ present perfect/ present continuos)
Quy Tắc : S(số ít)+ V.ít S(nhiều) + V(nhiều)
eg: Every student has to take part in the course. All students have to go.
Lưu ý:
* Trường hợp 1 : Động từ chia ở số ít
1. Chủ từ là từ chỉ thời gian ( year / month / week / day ), tiền bạc ( dollar, pound ), khoảng
cách(…metres ,mile) , trọng lượng ( ton )
Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor.
2. Chủ từ là V-ing hoặc To – Vo
Ex : Swimming is good for your health.
1. Chủ từ là các đại từ không xác đònh : no -, each - , every - , …… body, ……. one, ….thing
Ex : No students is absent. Everything comes to you.
2. Chủ từ là một mệnh đề
Ex : That books are best friends has been proved.
3. Chủ từ là các từ chỉ môn học ( tận cùng bằng ICS như physics …. ), bệnh tật
( mumps , meascles, rickets ), tên riêng ( Miss White ), danh từ không đếm được (
news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số ít ( thường không có s, es )
Ex : Physics is difficult to study.
* Trường hợp 2 : Động từ chia ở số nhiều
1. Chủ từ là danh từ số nhiều ( thường tận cùng –s, es hoặc people, children, men, women )
Ex : My jeans are torn.
2. Chủ từ là The + adj ( the poor, the rich, the blind … )
3. Both …………… and ……. ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party )
* - S1 + as well as + S2
along / together with + Động từ hòa hợp với S1
giới từ ( in, with …. )

Ex : She as well as her friends has just come.
- One of N ( Số nhiều ) ………… + V-số ít ……………………
Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working.
- A number of ……………………… + V- số nhiều
The number of ……………………. + V – số ít
- S1 + 0R + S2 …
Either + S1 + or + S2 ……… + V( S2 quyết định)
Neither + S1 + nor + S2 ……
Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2 …….
Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent.
- There be ……… Động từ be ( is, are, was, were ) hòa hợp với danh từ
đứng sau.
Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of ( = much / many : nhiều ) + Dtừ đếm
được số nhiều / dtừ không đếm được.
+ A few ( = some : một vài ) , few ( rất ít ) + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều
+ A little ( = some : một vài ), little ( rất ít ) + Danh từ không đếm được
Part 5 : The comparisons of Adj / Adv Các hình thức so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ )
1. So sánh bằng :
- Khẳng đònh : S+ V as + adj / adv + as
- Phủ đònh : S+V not as / so + adj / adv + as
2. So sánh hơn :
a. Tính từ ngắn : S+ V + adj + ER than
b. Tính từ dài : S+V more + adj + than
3. So sánh nhất :
a. Tính từ ngắn :S+ V+ the adj + EST + ( NOUN )
b. Tính từ dài : S +V + the most adj + ( NOUN )
4. So sánh kép :
- Một đối tượng: So sánh hơn and so sánh hơn S + V + adj/adv +Er and adj/adv + Er.
………………more and more adj / adv
( The city is more and more crowded,)

- Hai đối tượng: the so sánh hơn , the so sánh hơn ( the younger , the easier )
The adj-er S+V,The ……………………………
The more Adj S+V, The …………………
@ Hình thức so sánh phổ biến :
Note : * Các hình thức so sánh phổ biến :
So sánh hơn so sánh bằng ( phủ đònh ) hoặc so sánh hơn ( tính từ trái nghóa )
Ex : He drives more carefully than his brother.
His brother does not drive as carefully as him.
His brother drives more carelessly than him.
Chủ ngữ phủ đònh + so sánh hơn
Ex : No students in his class is clever than Tam
Tam is the cleverest in his class
* Tính or trạng từ đặc biệt :
good / well - better than – the best bad - worse than - the worst
little –less- lest far – farther – farthest
much/ many-more-most
Part III : Sentence Patterns ( Mẫu câu )
1. S + V + so adj / adv that + S +V ( can / will Vo )
2. S + V + such ( a / an ) adj Noun that + S + V
Ex1 : The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.
The lesson is so ……………………………………………………….
It is such ………………………………………………………………………….
Ex2 : The film is so interesting that I have seen it twice,
It is such
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. S + V( khẳng đònh ) + too adj / adv ( for O ) + to - Vo ( quá …… nên không thể )
4. S + V + adj / adv enough ( for O ) + to - Vo
Ex3 : The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it.
The box is too ……………………………………………………………
Ex4 : This shirt is too expensive for me to buy.

This shirt isn’t ………………………………………………………………
5. It + is / was + adj + ( for O ) + to -V
0
……
V
-ing
+ is / was + adj + to – Vo ….
Ex 5 : It is dangerous to go alone at midnight. Going
6. S + be + of + ( adj ) + N.
Ex : Fresh air is of great use to our health.
Note : So adj / adv that ( cho đến nỗi mà ) # so that ( để / để mà )
Too / so much + Dtừ không đếm được # too / so many + Dtừ số nhiều đếm ;
1. The lesson was very difficult. Students can’t do it at all
 It was such ………………………………………………………………
2. The book was so interesting that I read it twice
It was such ………………………………………………………………………
3.The car is so old that he cannot drive it.
The car is not ………………………………………………………………
4.The car was so rusty that it couldn't be repaired.
The car was too………………………………………………………………
5.The weather was so fine. Consequently the children spent the whole day in the garden.
 It was such………………………………………………………………………………
Part IV : Conditional sentences
Types
1
S + V
o
/ V
-s,es
( Tobe : am, is, are )

S + do / does not + V
o
Hoac S + has / have
V3,ed
S + will / can ( not ) V
o
2
S + V
2, ed
( Tobe : were )
S + did not + V
o
S + would/ could ( not ) V
o
3
S + had ( not ) V
3, ed
S + would / could/might ( not ) have
V3,ed
4
(mixed)

S+ V2 ( present time)
S+ had + V3 ( past time)
S would/could have + V3 ( past
time )
S + would/ could + V ( present time)
EX: ( mixed) : hổn hợp
1. I didn’t have dinner last night so I am hungry now
 If I had had dinner, I wouldn’t be hungry now

2. I didn’t study hard so I can do this exercise easily now
-  If I had studied hard , I could do this exercise easily now
Notes: when we want to OMIT IF , we must use inversion
- Should you meet him , please give him my book
- were I rich , I would help you
- were it not his help, I would die
- Had I not studied hard , I would have failed the exam
NOTES : Mẹo làm bài
1. Bài tập trắc nghiệm : Dựa vào công thức Ex : If he ( come ), please
tell me.
2. Bài tập sửa lỗi : Kiểm tra công thức của 02 mệnh đề và If / Unless.
3. If # Unless = If not : Unless + S + V ( khẳng đònh )
Ex : These plants will die unless he waters them.
4. Viết lại câu đã cho, sử dụng câu điều kiện :
Bước 1 : Xác đònh loại điều kiện ( thường là ĐK 2,3 )
Tương lai ( thì , trạng từ : …………………………………………………… ) ĐK
1
Hiện tại ( thì, trạng từ : ………………………………………………………… )
ĐK 2
Quá khứ ( thì, trạng từ : ……………………………………………………… )
ĐK 3
Bước 2 : Xác đònh mệnh đề If ( sau because ), mệnh đề chính.
Bước 3 : Dùng công thức để viết lại ( ngược thể với câu đã cho : khẳng
đònh Phủ đònh )
Ex 1 : Mary didn’t come, so we cancelled the meeting
……………
Part 8 : Wishes ( Câu ao ước )
Tương lai S + could / would + Vo ) Hiện tại : S + were / V2, ed
……
Quá khứ : S + had V3,ed Note : cách xác đònh giống

câu ĐK.
Note : S + regret ( not ) V –ing thi su dung DK3 va ao uoc o qua khu.
Ex : She regretted not working hard ………. She wishes she had worked hard.
I didn’t invite her to my party > I wish
She didn’t concentrate on her study much so she failed the exm  She wish
Nam isn’t here with us – We wish
Part V : Mệnh đề lý do , tương phản, mục đích
1. lý do ( vì, bởi vì, do ) :
Because + S + V # because of ( vì, bời vì ) + V – ing / Noun
Note : Due to / owing to được dùng như because of
2. Nhượng bộ ( mặc dù )
Although / even though / even if + S +V # in spite of / despite + V – ing / Noun
Ex : Although he didn’t study, he succeeded. ( có although thì không có but )
He didn’t study, but / yet he succeeded.
He didn’t study.However / nevertheless / on the other hand, he succeeded.
3. Kết quả ( vì thế, cho nên, kết quả là ) : so, therefore, consequently, as a result.
Ex : He felt hungry, so / consequently he ate two cakes.
He felt hungry.Therefore / As a result, he ate two cakes.
4. Mục đích ( để, để mà ): Câu đã cho có từ want, need, intend
S + V + in order ( not ) to S + V + so that + S + can / will ( not ) Vo ( HT )
so as ( not ) to + Vo # S + V + so that + S + could / would ( not ) Vo ( QK )
(not ) to
not ) To
In order (not) to +V( bare – inf)  … so that + S + V
So as (not)to … in order that
I Combine 2 sentences into one by using phrase or clause of purpose
1. He studies very hard. He doesn’t want to fail the final examination
2. She practices English everyday. she wanted to speak to foreigners
3. She bought a new car. She wanted to make a trip to Canada
4. I got up early. I didn’t want to be late for school

5. We lower the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbors
6. We wore warm clothes so that we wouldn’t get cold
7. I gave them my address so that they could contact me.
8. We are having a party so that we can celebrate Ann’s birthday
9. I try to be on time so that the teacher wouldn’t punish me.
The man spoke loudly. he wanted that everyone could hear him clearly
Part VI : Relative pronouns ( ĐAỊ TỪ QH)
1. Who : N ( người ) + who + V
2. Whom : N ( người ) + whom + S + V
3. Which : N ( vật ) + which
4. Where = in which : N ( nơi chốn ) + where + S + V
1. Whose : N 1 whose + N 2 ( N2 của N1 , whose thay thế tính từ sở hữu : his,her,
my, your )
2. When : N ( thời gian ) + when ……
3. Why = for which : đứng sau the reason
That :
+ That thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mđề không có dấu phẩy.
+ Không được dùng that sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom hoặc which )
+ Bắt buộc dùng that :
Sau so sánh nhất
Sau đại từ không xác đònh : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body
Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người và vật ) Ex : The man and his dog that ……
Trong cấu trúc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that . ( It is Mary that I admire )
Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I do is ….
Part 11 : Reduced forms ( Hình thức rút gọn )
1. Câu có các đại từ quan hệ :
- Câu chủ động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về nguyên mẫu (to-V) và
thêm V– Ing
Ex : The man who is standing overthere is my father.
The man standing overthere is my father.

Câu bò động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về V3,ed
Ex : The chair which is made in Japan is expensive.
The chair made in Japan is expensive.
Như vậy trong câu chỉ có 01 động từ chính được chia, dộng từ còn lại ở dạng V – ing ( chủ
động hoặc V3,ed ( Bò động )
2.Hai câu có cùng chủ từ : Tương tự như trên
Ex : He met his old friends. He felt very happy.
Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy.
Từ chỉ thời gian : While / when / after / before …
Ex : When I met him, I told him that story. ………. Meeting him, I told him that story.
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.
1. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman…….governor in the United States.
a. who elected b. to be elected c. was elected d. her election as
2.Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient.
a. who living b. living c. lived d. that lived
3.Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now……… on the campus of Princeton
University.
a. standing b. it stands c. has stood d. stood
4.Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat,………… , most enduring musical comedies.
a. it is one of the finest b. of the finest one c. the finest one d. one of the finest
5.………………. in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as
black gold because of the large profit it brought.
a. Discovering b. which was discovered c. Discovered d. That when discovered
6.Neil Armstrong,……person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and
powdery.
a. the first b. to be the first c. was the first d. as the first
7.The Massachusetts State House, …… in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the
United States
at that time. a. completing b. which was completed c. was completed d. to be completed
8.Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament.

a. take b. to take c. taking d. who takes
9.Norman Weiner, mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the
completer.
a. who as a b. was a c. whom a d. a
10.War and Peace, ………… , was published in 1869.
a. Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel c.which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy
b. is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel d.that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
Part 12 : Reported Speech / Indirect Speech ( Lời nói tường thuật / gián tiếp )
1. Statement : ( Câu nói bình thường )
S + said to + O / told + O ( that ) + S would / could … + V0 ( Tương lai )
S V2,ed ( Hiện tại )
S had V3,ed ( Quá khứ )
• Tương lai : after, next, following.
• Hiện tại : then, that day, this ( week, year …. )
• Quá khứ : before, previous
2. Command : ( Mệnh lệnh )
a. Khẳng đònh : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + To – Vo …
b. Phủ đònh : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + Not To – Vo …
3. Câu hỏi :
a. Yes / No :
S + asked O + if / whether + S + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu đã
cho ) wondered
b. Wh – questions :
S + asked O + what / where / why …. + S + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu
đã cho )
wondered
Lưu ý :
- said to + O # told O # talked about
- whether …… or not
- what / where / why … + To – Vo ….

MỘT SỐ CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG :
1. Would you like ………………. thì sử dụng S invite O + to - Vo
Ex : Mary said to Peter : “ Would you like to go for walk ? “
Mary invited Peter to go for walk.
2. If I were you …. hoặc had better / should / ought to + Vo thì sử dụng S + advise
+ O + not to – Vo
Ex : I said “ You should not smoke, Tam “
I advised Tam not to smoke.
3. Shall we …. ? / why don’t you …. ? / Let’s … / How about / what about … ? thì sử
dụng
S + suggest ( that ) S + should ( not ) Vo
Ex : Miss White said to her husband : “ Why don’t you give up drinking alcohol ?
“
Miss White suggested that her husband should give up drinking alcohol.
4.Will ( not ) Vo được biến thành promise / offer ( not ) to – Vo
Ex : She said, “ I will take you to town “ She offered to take me to town.
5.Remember / don’t forget + V –ing or to Vo Vo được biến thành remind + O + to
Vo
Ex : He said to me : “ Don’t forget to learn your lessons “ He reminded me to learn
my lessons.
4. Sorry for ………………… S + apologize ( to somebody ) for V – ing.
Ex : “ Sorry for keeping you waiting “ He apologized ( to me ) for keeping me
waiting.
5. S + insist ……. S + insist on + Ving
11. S + want / hope + to – Vo …… …… S + have a dream of + V – ing ….
PHRASES/ EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER : CỤM TỪ CẦN NHỚ
Advise someone to do something
Mark said to us, “You really ought to get some help.”
Mark advised us to get some help.
Wish to do something

“I hope that I can leave this house to my children,” the old man said.
The old man wished to leave the house to his children.
Threaten to do something
“If you do that again, I’ll leave,” the worker said angrily.
The worker threatened to leave if I did it again.
Tell somebody to do something
“Carry this bag into the kitchen,” my mother said.
My mother told me to carry the bag into the kitchen.
Refuse to do something
She said, “I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.”
She refused to go to the cinema with me that night.
Promise to do something
He said, “I will come on time.”
He promised to come on time.
Offer to do something
“Let me drive you to the airport,” Alice said.
Alice offered to drive me to the airport.
Invite someone to do something / for something
“Would you like to stay at our house?” said your friends.
Your friends invited me to stay at their house.
“Would you like to have dinner with us?”
Her cousin invited her to have / for dinner.
Beg someone to do something
“Please do not tell my parents about this,” she said to me.
She begged me not to tell her parents about it.
Ask someone to do something
• Warn somebody about / of something
He said, “Be careful. The path is slippery.”
He warned us about the slippery path.
“Driving on this wet street is dangerous,” she said.

She warned us of the danger of driving on the wet street.
• Think of doing something
John said, “The house is very nice! I’ll certainly buy it!”
John thought of buying the house.
• Dream of doing something
“I have always wanted to be a pilot,” Paul said to you.
Paul has always dreamed of being a pilot.
• Look forward to doing something
Mr. Smith said: “I feel like meeting my children soon.”
Mr. Smith looked forward to meeting his children soon.
• Prevent / Stop someone from doing something
The policeman said to the customer: “Stay here! You mustn’t leave the shop!”
The policeman stopped the customer (from) leaving the shop.
• Accuse someone of doing something
“You didn’t do what I said,” the mother said to her son.
The mother accused her son of not doing what she said.
Bài tập áp dụng
“I don’t want to be criticized by non-professionals”, said the film star.
→
The film star objected …….…….……………………………….…….……………
18. “It’s true that I broke your old vase”, she said in tears.
→
She admitted …….…….…………………………………… ……………………
19. “It’s you that have parted my family”, she said angrily to him.
→
She …….…….…………………………………………… … … ……………
20. “Shall we walk round for a change this evening?”, she said.
→
She suggested …….…….…………………………………………… ……………
251 “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill.

→
Bill doubted …….…….………………………………… ………………………
22. “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door, Barry?”, said George.
→
George suggested …….…….……………………………….…….………………
23. “Jack, why don’t we help Old Tom?”, said Jackie.
→
Jackie suggested …….…….………………………………… ……………………
24. She asked me what I had been doing at three the previous afternoon
→
“What …… …………….…….……………………………….…….……………
25. “I wasn’t there at that time”, he said.
→
He denied … ……………….…….…….……………………………….…….……
26. The policeman charged him with stealing that bicycle.
→
“You ……… ………………………….…….……………………………….…….
27. He said, “I wish I knew the answer”.
→
He said that …………………….…….……………………………….…….……
28. “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill.
→
Bill doubted …………………….…….…….……………………………………
29. His English is not good, and he got a bad mark in his test last week
→
If…… … …………….…….……………………………….…….……………
30. “I don’t love you any more”, said Eric to his girlfriend.
→
Eric told… ………………….…….……………………………….…….………
31. “I must see the manager”, she cried.

→
She insisted ………………………………………….…….………………………
32. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda”, said William
→
William….… ……….………………….…….…………………………
33. “You are cheating me”, said Carol to June.
→
Carol…… ……………………….…….…………………………………………
34. “It wasn’t me who took your car”, said Bob.
→
Bob.……… …………….…….……………………………….…….……………
35. “If you don’t take it easy, you’ll have another heart attack”, he said.
→
He advised …….…….……………………………….…….………………………
36. “When it stops snowing, we must start digging ourselves out”, he said.
→
He said…… ……….…….……………………………….…….…………………
37. “You’d better not go out with Peter any more, Elizabeth”, said John.
→
John……… …………….…….……………………………….…….……………
38. “Less noise”, the teacher told the boys.
→
The teacher …………………….…….……………………………….…….……
39. “You caused the accident”, said the other driver.
→
The other driver….…………………….…….………………………………………
40. Helen wanted to know the name of Shirley’s hairdresser’s.
→
Helen said, “Shirley, where do………….…….……………………………………
41. Paul said he was going to China the following year

→
“I………… …………………………….…….…………………………………
42. The porter told us that the train had left five minutes before.
→
“I’m sorry but ………………….…….……………………………………………
43. “I never used bad language”, she said
→
She denied… …….…….……………………………….…….…………………
44. She asked John to repeat what he had said.
→
“Please… ………………………………….…….…………………………
45. “Must you go so soon?”, I said
→
I …….…….……………………………….…….……………………………
Part VII : MODAL VERBS ( Động từ khiếm khuyết )
A. Form : Modal Verbs ( can /could / may / might will / would ) + Vo
B. Use :
a. Can ( quá khứ là could ) : chỉ một khả năng hoặc cơ hội làm đều gì đó,
nghóa là “ có thể “
Ex : Tom can play three musical intruments.
In the past, people could hardly travel easily.
b. may / might : diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể là thật hoặc điều gì đó có lẽ xảy ra.
(less than 50 % of certainty)
Ex : It may / might be a bomb.
She may / might be at home today.
c. should ( not ) : chỉ lời khuyên ( nên hay không nên )
Ex : You should not smoke so much. It is not good for you.
d. Must: chỉ sự bắt buộc ( phải ), must not chó sự cấm đoán không được
phép. ( 95% of certainty )
Ex : You haven’t got much time. You must hurry.

You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else.
e. Need ( cần ) # needn’t = don’t need ( không cần )
Ex : You have got plenty of time. You don’t need to hurry ( You needn’t
hurry )
Notes :
1. Câu đề nghò : Can you …. ? Could you …. ? hoac May I …. ?
Ex : Could you please open the window ?
May I read your newspaper ?
2. Một số cách biến đổi tương đương :
- be necessary ( for O ) + to – Vo = need ( not )
Ex : It is unnecessary for him to study many subjects.
He needn’t study many subjects / He does not need to study many subjects.
- be possible / probable + to – Vo hoac maybe + perhaps = can / may + V o
Ex : Maybe your answer is right = Your anwer may be right.
3. Modals + have + V3,ed :
- Could have + P.P: rất có thể đã (diễn tả 1 khả năng đã có trong quá khứ,
nhưng chưa được sử dụng tới).
- Should ( not ) have + V3,ed : nên ( không nên ) làm 1 việc gì đó ở quá
khứ.
- Must( not ) + have + V3,ed : Ắt hẳn đã xảy ra ( không xảy ra ) ở quá khứ.
- May / might / can / could ( not ) + have + V3,ed : Có thể, có lẽ đã xảy ra
ở quá khứ.
- Need (Needn’t ) + have + V3,ed : Cần ( không cần ) làm việc gì ở quá
khứ.
Degree of certainty (mức đdộ chắc chắn)
Why wasn’t Mary in class?
(a) 100% she was sick ( sure)
(b) 95% she must have been sick ( make a logical
inference )
(c) Less than 50% she may have been sick ( Mention one

possibility )
She might have been sick
She could have been sick
Why didn’t Sam eat?
(a ) 100% Sam wasn’t hungry
(b) 99% Sam couldn’t have been hungry
Sam can’t have been hungry
(d) 95% Sam must not have been hungry
(e) Less than 50% Sam may not have been hungry
Sam might not have been hungry
Part IX: Word Form
1. Noun ( Danh từ ) : tận cùng : -ion, -ment, -ity, -er / -or / -ist ( chỉ người ), -ance / ence,
-ness
- Sau tính từ Ex : effective treatment,
- Sau a,an,the + từ chỉ số lượng như many, much, a lot of,2,3 + no, every, this, that,
these, those Ex : the production, many activities
- Sau tính từ sỡ hữu : my, our, your, his, her, their Ex : her success
- Làm chủ ngữ / tân ngữ Ex : Good health brings happiness for
Note : Giới từ ( in, with … ) + Ving + O # Giới từ ( in, with … ) + N
Ex : Thank for your inviting me # thank for your invitation.
2. Adjective ( Tính từ ) : tận cùng : -ive, ful, - al, -y, -ing, - less ( not ), able
- Trước danh từ Ex : healthy food
- Sau be ( am,is,are,was,were ), look(ed), seem(ed), feel(felt)
Ex : is industrial, natural resource
3 Adverb ( Trạng từ ) : tận cùng -ly ( ngoại trừ : yearly, monthly, weekly, daily là tính từ )
- Trước tính từ Ex : extremely cold
- Bổ nghóa cho động từ thường : V-thường +( O ) + adv Ex : treat women equally
- Đứng đầu câu Ex : Surprisingly, he cries.
Notes :* a / an / the + ( adv ) + ( adj ) + N
* Adj và adv trong cấu trúc too, enough,so that, so sánh.

* Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian ( in London in 1780 )
Hard ( ……………….……… ) # hardly ( ………………… )
good ( ………………. ) # well ( ………………………… )
Part 17 : PHRASAL VERBS
- apply to sb for sth: nộp đđơn đđến. . .
xin. . .
- ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai về
- call back: gọi lại
- call up : goi dien
- catch up ( with) :đđuổi kịp, bắt kịp
- come up : xay ra, phat sinh
- cool off: nguội lạnh đđi, giảm đđi ( nhiệt
tình)
- discuss sth with sb = have a discussion
about sth: thảo luận về
- drop in: ghe tham
- explain sth to sb: giải thích
- fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau
- fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu đđơn)
- fill up: do day
- find out: discover information
- get along (with): have a good relation ship
- leave out : omit
- lie down: nằm xuống( đđể nghỉ ngơi)
- listen to sb/ sth: lắng nghe
- look after = take care of = to care for :
chăm sóc, trông nom
- look out (for): be careful
- look sth up: tra cứu
- make up : invent a story:bịa ra

- make up of : chiem, tao thanh
- make use of : su dung
- pay back: tra lai
- pick up : nhat, don
- point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ
- put away: dat cho khac
- put back: dat tro lai
- put off = call of : postpone
- put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc vào
- run into = come across : tinh co gap
with
- get in / on : enter a car/ taxi. . .buoc len
- get off: leave a bus/ train. . . buoc xuong
- get over : recover : bình phục
- get through (with): ket thuc
- get up: thức dậy
- give back: tra lai
- give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua
- give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ
bỏ
- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc
nhìn
- go away: đđi khỏi
- go by : trôi qua ( time )-
- go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), gõ ( clock
)
- go on: continue : tiếp tục
- go out: stop burning/ shining: tắt
- grown up: become an adult
- hold up : làm trở ngại

- hurry up: làm nhanh
- invite sb to/ for sth: mời
- jot down = note down : ghi tom tat
- keep on = continue : tiep tuc
- keep up : giữ vững duy trì, tiếp tục
- laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo
- leave somewhere for. . .: rời
- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm
- speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói
với ai về
-speak up : nói to lên
- sit down: ngồi xuống
- take after: resemble: trông giống như
- take off : cất cánh, cởi ra
- talk to / with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói,
bàn, thảo luận
- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào
- throw away: discard vứt, ném, liệng
- throw sth to sb: chuyền
- try out : test : thử nghiệm
- turn down: giam, khong chap nhan
- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ),
shut off
- turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . )
- turn round: quay lại
- turn up : mo lon, đđến
- wash up: wash the dishes: rửa chén
- watch out (for): be careful
- write to sb: viết thư gởi ai
Complete the sentences below, using the phrasal verbs from the box. Make any other

necessary changes.
turn up go off put on hold up
turn off
wash up take after get up look up
try out
1. Mary decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her red dress for the party.
2. I haven’t seen her for so long but I can recognize her because she certainly . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . her beautiful mother.
3. Hard-working students really enjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the new words in the
dictionary.
4. Who often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after meals in your family?
5. When I woke up, all the lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . So I could see nothing in the
darkness.
6. The alarm clock didn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and Peter was late for the flight.
7. I think I need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the computer before taking it home.
8. When he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , he will hear about this from me.
9. We are sorry to announce that all the trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . until tomorrow due to
bad weather.
10. My grandma is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . early in the morning.
Complete the sentences below, using the phrasal verbs from the box. Make any other
necessary changes.

go off turn on take off look after
get over
give up fill in wash up go on
turn up
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your shoes and come in. They are waiting for you.
2. If you feel hot, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the fan.
3. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . smoking two months ago.
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this form is the first thing you have to do now.

5. The students had a ten-minute break, then . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . discussing the questions.
6. The little child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the nurses in the hospital at the moment.
7. I can’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a terrible thing like that happening to my wife.
8. Mai, don’t forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and clean the floor after lunch.
9. We woke up the next morning before the alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Peter hasn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yet. There must be something wrong with him.
Part 18 : PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ )
Prepositions For time ( Thời gian ) For place ( Nơi chốn )
1. At At 4 o’clock , at 5 p.m , at
night , at Christmas , at once ,at
last , at the moment = at
present , at weekends .
At the end of , ( arrive ) at the
airport, at home , at the theatre , at
school , at the top / bottom , at the
beginning , at the shop , , station …
2. In In + năm / tháng / mùa /
buổi
In 1980 , in June , in Spring/
summer / autunm / winter ,in the
In (ở trong ) : in the dinning -
room , in the desk , in the box .
In + thành phố , đất nước ,
miền như in London , in Vietnam,
morning / afternoon / evening
Note : at night
in the South, , in the east , in the
north …
3. On On + ngày trong tuần ( on
Monday , …On Sunday )

On + ngày tháng (on June
10
th
)
On : ở trên ( on the table , on the
floor , on TV/ radio , on the beach ,
on foot (đi bộ )
A. Prepositions + Noun
1.in time ( for sth / to do sth ) = early enough for sth / to do sth : đủ thời gian
on time = punctual , not late : đúng giờ, không trễ
by the time : trước khi
2.on business = go on business : đang kinh doanh In business = be a
businessman : là doanh nhân
3.at the end of sth = at the last point of sth ( phần cuối của ) In the end = at
last , finally ( cuối cùng )
4.between : giữa 2 ( A and B ) # 5. among = giữa nhiều
6. across the bridge / the street /… : ngang qua # 7. opposite : đối diện
B. Be + Adj + Pre
1. be involved in : liên quan 2. ( be ) keen on : hăng hái
3. be helpful / useful / harmful to 4. be occupied … with : b. rộn = be busy
5. be disappointed with : thất vọng 6.be interested in
7.be bored with = fed up with = be tired of : chán # be tired from : mệt vì )
8. be absorbed in: say mê 9.be fond of
11.be crowded with 12.be afraid of
13.S-người + be good at # S-vật + be good for 14.be different from
15.be successful in. 16.at the age of
17.be famous for : nổi tiếng về 18.be nice / polite / rude / … to
19. be obliged to-Vo : buoc phai lam 20. be concerned with : quan tam
21. be supposed to – Vo : gia su 22. be available for : san cho
C. Verb + Pre

1. is spoken / used / known as 2. to regard …. as : coi như
3. belong to = have ( whose ) 4. provide …. with : cung cấp
5. to appy …… for : xin viec 6. to protect / prevent … from : bảo vệ
7. to account for : chòu trách nhiệm 8. depend on = be up to : lệ thuộc
9.die of : chết do (an illness / hunger 10.die for : chết cho ( one’s country )
11.believe in sb = trust sb : tin tuong 12.get married to sb
13.warn sb about / against sth : canh cao 14.apologize ( to sb ) for V-ing
15.accuse sb of sth ; buoc toi 16.blame sb for : phien trach
17.congratulate sb on sth : chuc mung 18.introduce / explain to sb
19.object to : chong lai 20 .participate in = take part in
22. response to : phan ung 23. confide in : tam su24. confide in : tam su
25. share with : chia se 26. complment on : khen ngoi
27. consist of : bao gom, gom co 28. be divided into : duoc chia thanh
30. be based on : dua tren 31. concentrate on : tap trung
D. Verb + Noun + prepositions :
1. catch sight of : thaỏy, gaởp 2. lose touch with : maỏt lieõn laùc
3. keep pace with : theo kũp 4. take notice of : lửu yự
5. in danger of 6. on behalf of : nhan danh, dai dien
Preposition
1. I shall meet you_____________the corner _______the street.
2. I always come_________school_____foot.
3. It never snows there_________Christmas.
4. The country looks beautiful__________spring.
5. I can see you__________Monday.
6. I live________the country, but she lives___________the seaside.
7. Have you got any money________you?
8. He always comes_______bus.
9. I dont like getting up________the morning.
10.He has learned the whole poem_______heart.
11.This book is written_________Dickens.

12.Is Miss Smith_____home?
13.I have breakfast________7:30 every morning.
14.Can you translate that_____German?
15.My birthday is________May 5
th
.
16.My birthday is________the 5
th
17.They come_________the room.
18.I like swimming___________summer.
19.We get a lot of rain__________November.
20.He never comes__________time for the class.
21.Im very busy_________present.
22.I have no time___________the moment.
23.He was standing________the middle of the room.
24.Please write your name________the top of the page.
25.There is vocabulary______ the end of the book.
26.I shall see her__________the beginning of the week.
27.What would that be__________German?
28.___________my opinion, it is a very good book.
29.She is________the garden.
30.We are going__________the theatre this evening.
31.The train arrives_________Victoria station__________4:30.
32.Please tell me_________once.
33.I waited for half an hour, and_______last she came.
34.The book is__________the table.
35.He is sitting________an armchair.
36.The picture is__________the wall.
37.I put my hands__________my pockets.
38.She is drinking__________a cup.

39.She took ten shillings___________her bag.
40.For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep________night.
41.She always agrees________everything he says.
42.Are you acquainted________the lady?
43.You will soon get accustomed__________English cooking.
44.She is very angry________me.
45.I apologize________keeping you waiting.
46.The dog begged_______a piece of cake.
47.Does it belong__________you?
48.She is always borrow money________me.
49.My cat is very fond __________fish.
50.I’m very grateful___________her_________ her help.
51.The room was full________people.
52.I’m quite diffent_________her.
53.She insists_________coming.
54.He is quite incapable_________such a thing.
55.I should like to be independent __________everyone.
56.May I introduce you_________Miss Brown.
57.I’m afraid___________this dog.
58.Are you interested_________literature?
59.She is very jealous_________her sister.
60.Won’t you join__________the game?
61.Clean air provides us_______a healthy supply of oxygen.
62.I’m very sorry________what I have done.
63.His son succeeded_________the throne.
64.My hat is quite similar__________yours.
65.I’m tired_______waiting for her.
66.I’m so worried_______my sister who is ill.
67.It is very bad________you to eat so quickly.
68.I’m not good________tennis.

69.My birthday is________the first_________the month.
70.This will come in very useful__________her.
71.Out________sight, out________mind.
72.The sun rises__________the east, and sets_______the west.
73.Were your friends successful_______getting a loan from the bank.
74.I’m sure the explanation in the book will be quite clear_______you.
75.Miss White was very upset_________the news of her father’s death.
76.I’m not familiar_______his name.
77.We were very grateful_________our friends_______all of their assistance.
78.Don’t you think you should try to be friendly_________your classmate?
79.Mr.Green is responsible________hiring employees.
80.That type of music is quite popular_________teenage boys and girls.
81.My daily expenses are just about equal_______my income.
82.Fred is capable_____doing better work than he os doing at present.
83.We were very doubtful________his ability.
84.Ken was proud_________his good marks on English.
85.My plan is similar________yours, but it is different__________Ken’s.
86.Piere said he had become quite fond__________American hamburgers.
87.We are still hopeful________hearing from our friends before Sarturday.
88.That fashion magazine is full______advertising for women’s clothes.
89.This gloves aren’t very suitable________that kind of work.
90.They were happy_______the results of the election.
91.It was certainly kind________you to help me.
92.Mes. Brown is often worried_______money.
93.Her parents are very pleased__________her French.
94.I’m not intereted__________politics.
95.She was sad because he was rude________her.
96.She was angry__________Tom.
97.Travelling by aur is preferable________travelling by train.
98.Thank you. You are kind________me.

99.Everybody was surprised__________the news.
Part 19 : ARTICLES ( Mạo từ )
1. Mạo từ không xác đònh “a / an “: được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để
diễn tả một điều gì đó chưa rõ, chưa cụ thể, chung chung, đề cập lần đầu.
- An + danh từ bắt đầu là 1nguyên âm ( a, o, e, u,i ) và h câm ( an hour, an
honest man )
- A + danh từ bắt đầu là 1 phụ âm (hoac a unit , a university , a
uniform… )
- A / an còn được dùng trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp ( a doctor, an
engineer )
- A/ an còn được dùng trước các từ chỉ số lượng như a couple, a great deal
of = a lot of, a few, a little, a half …
Khơng dùng a / an “:
- Danh từ số nhiều như apples, dishes, women, children …
- Danh từ không đếm được như gold, sugar, water, milk, time, money,
information, news, lunch, breakfast, weather.
2.MT Xđịnh “ the “: được sử dụng khi :
- Danh từ được đề cập cụ thể trước đó, người nói hoặc người
nghe biết rõ.
Ex : Whose is the car outside ?
- Danh từ được lặp lại.
Ex : She works for a computer company. The company has sent her to work in
different parts of the country.
- Danh từ được theo sau bởi cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề.
Ex : The students who have just passed the tests can sit for the entrance exam.
- Trước so sánh nhất ( the most + Adj hoặc the Adj – est ) hoặc sau số
thứ tự như the first, the second, the last
Ex : He is the fastest runner in the race.
- Trước những danh từ duy nhất như the earth, the moon, the world, the
sun, the universe, the president.

- Trong cấu trúc : the N of ( the) N như the major of London.
- Trước các từ : The United Kingdom, The United States, the Atlantic /
Pacific, , the guitar, the violin, the past, the future, the ground, the same, the
next, the only, the previous, the following, the cinema, the radio.
- The + Adj : the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the Vietnamese, the
Chinese.
be absent from …:vắng mặt be done with …đdược làm bằng
Be accused of bị buộc tội vì Dream of / about …mơ về
Be accustomed to … quen với be dressed in đdược diện trong trang phục
Be acquainted with…. Làm quen với Be engaged in …đam mê vào
Be addicted to …nghiện be engaged to….đính hơn với
Be afraid of … lo sợ be envious of … ghen tỵ vì
Agree with… đồng ý be equipped with …dc trang bị
Be angry with giận ai Escape from thốt khỏi
Be angry at ….giận vì
Be annoyed with …bực tức vì be excited about hào hứng với
Be annoyed by… bực tức bởi be exhausted from ….kiệt sức vì
Apologize (to SO) for … xin lổi vì Excuse for …xin lổi vì
Apply to … xin vào học be exposed to
Apply for … xin việc be faithful to …chân tình với
(dis)appove of đồng tình với be familiar with ….quen với
Argue with …. Tranh cải với Feel like…cảm thấy thích
Argue about … tranh luận về vđ fight for ….đấu tranh cho
Arive in / at … đến be filled with dc đổ đầy với ST
Be associated with …liên quan/ lêin kết Be aware of … nhận thức
be fond of… thích Believe in tin vào
forgive for …tha thứ cho
Blame for …. đổ lổi vì Be friendly to …thân thiện với
Be blessed with…. cầu nguyện Be bored with …chán be
firghtened of …sợ ST be frightened by …. sợ vì

Be capable of …có khả năng với Care for … quan tâm
Care about …. Quan tâm Be Gone from
Be cluttered with be grateful to biét ơn với
Be committed to … be grateful for
Compare with …so sánh với be guitly of có lổi vì
Comapre to … so sánh với hide from
Complain about …than phiền về hope for .
Complain to … than phiền với ai be innocent of.
Be composed of bao gồm insist on : khăng khăng
Be concerned about … quan tâm be interested in
Be connected to ….lien kết In troduce to giới thiệu với ai
Consist of …. Bao gồm Be involved in …liên quan …
Be content with hài lòng be jealous of …đố kỵ
Contribute to đống góp cho keep from
Be convinced of bị thuyết phục vì be known for : nổi tiếng vì
be located in : toạ lạc look forward to : mong chờ
Be covered with : được bao phủ bằng be made of (nguyên liêu còn nguyên/ from( biến
đổi) ….
Be crowed with đông vì be married to…
Decide up on đi đến quyết định object to : phản đối
Be dedicated to cống hiến be opposed to : phản đối
Depend on dựa vào participate in tham gia
Be devoted to cống hiến be patient with kiên nhẫn
Be disappointed with thất vộng vì be pleased with hài lòng
Be disappointed in …. Be polite to lịc sự
Be discriminated against …bị phân biệt với pray for cầu nguyện cho
Distinguish from phân biệt với be prepared for …chuẩn bị cho
Be disvorced from ly hôn vì prevent from : ngăn cản …
Prohibit from cấm làm be satisfied with hài lòng
Be protected from đc bảo vệ khỏi be scared of sợ

Be pround of tự hào về stare atnhìn chằm chằm
Provide with cung cấp st stop from : cản không làm
Be qualified for có năng lực vì
Revover from phục hồi từ succeed in / at thành công
Be relevant to take advantage of có lợi ích
Rely on /up dựa vào take care of quan tâm
Be remembered for talk about nói về
Rescuse from thoát khỏi talk to nói với ai
Respond to …đáp lại be terrified of sợ st
Be responsible for có trách nhiệm thank for
Think about /of Be retired of / with
Be used to quen Vote for bầu cho ai
Be worried about lo