Đề cương ôn tập hóa học 12 - học kỳ 1 docx
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21
Kim loại kiềm thổ- Kim loại kiềm
4- Cho các nguyên tố:
20
Ca;
26
Fe ;
30
Zn;
29
Cu
A) Các nguyên tố trên đều có cấu hình e ngoài cùng là ns
2
B) Các nguyên tố trên đều là kim loại chuyển tiếp.
C) Chúng đều có khả năng tan trong H
2
SO
4
loãng.
D) Ca
2+
có cấu hình của khí hiếm Ar.
5- Có 4 chất rắn đựng trong 4 lọ riêng biệt : Na
2
CO
3
; CaCO
3
; Na
2
SO
4
; CaSO
4
.2H
2
O. Để nhận biết 4
lọ hoá chất trên ngời ta có thể dùng.
A) H
2
O và dung dịch NaOH B) H
2
O và dung dịch HCl
C) H
2
O và dung dịch BaCl
2
D) Không cần dùng hoá chất khác
6- Nớc cứng là loại nớc
A)
Chứa nhiều chất bẩn. Chứa nhiều ion Na
+
; H
+
.
B)
Chứa nhiều ion Mg
+
; Ca
2+
>Nớc có chứa nhiều hoá chất độc hại.
7- Nớc cứng vĩnh cửu là loại nớc cứng chứa các ion.
A) Mg
2+
; Ca
2+
; Cl
-
; NO
3
-
B) K
+
; Na
+
, CO
3
2-
;
HCO
3
-
C) Mg
2+
; Na
+
; HCO
3
-
D) Mg
2+
; Ca
2+
; HCO
3
-
8- Để làm mềm nớc cứng vĩnh cửu ta có thể dùng dung dịch các chất nào sau đây:
A) Na
2
CO
3
B) Ca(OH)
2
C) Na
3
PO
4
D) Cả A,B,C đều đúng
9- Có những chất: NaCl ; Ca(OH)
2
; Na
2
CO
3
; HCl ; NaOH
Chất có thể làm mềm nớc cứng tạm thời là:
A) Na
2
CO
3
; HCl ; NaOH B) Ca(OH)
2
; HCl; Na
2
CO
3
C) Ca(OH)
2
; NaOH; Na
2
CO
3
D) NaCl; NaOH; Na
2
CO
3
10- Có 4 dung dịch trong suốt mỗi dung dịch chỉ chứa một loại cation và 1 loại anion. Các ion trong
cả 4 dung dịch gồm Ba
2+
; Mg
2+
; Pb
2+
; Na
+
; SO
4
2
; Cl
-
; CO
3
2-
; NO
3
-
. 4 dung dịch đó là:
A) BaCl
2
; MgSO
4
; Na
2
CO
3
; Pb(NO
3
)
2
B) BaCO
3
; MgSO
4
, NaCl; Pb(NO
3
)
2
C) BaCl
2
; PbSO
4
; MgCl
2
; Na
2
CO
3
D) Mg(NO
3
)
2
; BaCl
2
; Na
2
CO
3
; PbSO
4
11- Cho sơ đồ chuyển hoá.
Cho biết A
1
là ôxít kim loại. A có điện tích hạt nhân là 3,2. 10
-18
Culông. B
1
là ôxít phi kim B có cấu
hình electron ở lớp vỏ ngoài cùng là 2s
2
2p
2
.
Công thức của A
1
, B
1
, M là:
A) MgO ; CO
2
;MgCO
3
B) BaO; CO
2
; BaCO
3
C) CaO ; CO
2
; CaCO
3
D) Na
2
O; CO
2
; Na
2
CO
3
12- Cho sơ đồ chuyển hoá sau:
Các chất A, B, C, D, E, F là:
A B C D E F
a MgO CO
2
Mg(OH)
2
KHCO
3
MgCl
2
K
2
CO
3
b BaO CO
2
Ba(OH)
2
KHCO
3
BaCl
2
K
2
CO
3
c CaO CO
2
Ca(OH)
2
KHCO
3
CaCl
2
K
2
CO
3
d B và C đúng
13- Sục khí CO từ từ tới d qua dung dịch nớc vôi trong sau đó lại đun nóng dung dịch sau phản ứng.
Hiện tợng xảy ra là:
A) Có kết tủa trắng xuất hiện. B) Có kết tủa sau rồi kết tủa tan.
C) Không có kết tủa dung dịch trong suốt. D) Có kết tủa sau tan rồi lại xuất hiện kết tủa.
14- Cho các dung dịch sau:
Ba(OH)
2
; NaCO
3
; MgCl
2
; Ca(HCO
3
)
2
Số phản ứng xảy ra giữa 2 chất một là:
A) 4 B) 3 C)5 D) 6
22
A
1
M
M
B
1
M
T
0
+D
1
+A
1
A C E
XCO
3
XCO
3
XCO
3
XCO
3
B D F
15- Cho 24,8 (g) hỗn hợp kim loại kiềm thổ M là ôxít của nó tác dụng với HCl d ta thu đợc 55,5 gam
muối khan. Kim loại M là.A) Ca B) Mg C) Ba D) Be
16- Hoà tan một ôxít kim loại hoá trị 2 bằng 1 lợng vừa đủ dung dịch H
2
SO
4
10% ta thu đợc dung
dịch muối có nồng độ 11,8%. Kim loại N là.A) Cu B) Ca C) Mg D) Fe
17- Hoà tan 28,4 gam một hỗn hợp gồm 2 muối các bonat của 2 kim loại thuộc 2 chu kỳ liên tục của
nhóm IIA. Bằng dung dịch HCl d thu đợc 6,72 (l) khí CO
2
(đktc).
18- Tổng khối lợng muối Clorua trong dung dịch A là:
A) 37,1 (g) B) 31,7(g) C) 15,7(g) D) 13,1(g)
19- Hai kim loại đó là:
A) Ca và Mg B) Be và Mg C) Be và Ca D) Ca và Ba
20- Cho 6,72 (l) CO
2
(đktc) hấp thụ hoàn toàn vào 1,25 ( l) dung dịch Ba(OH)
2
thu đợc 39,4 (g) kết
tủa. Nồng độ mol/l của dung dịch Ba(OH)
2
là:
A) 0,2(M) B) 0,4(M) C) 0,5(M) D) 0,3(M)
19- Cho 4 ống nghiệm đựng dung dịch các chất sau:
Na
2
CO
3
; BaCl
2
; HCl; NaOH. Để nhận biết các ống nghiệm trên số hoá chất tối thiểu phải dùng là:
A) 1 chất B) 2 chất C) 3 chất D) không cần dùng chất thử ngoài.
20- Trộn lẫn 500 ml dung dịch NaOH 5M với 200ml dung dịch NaOH 30% (d=1,33g/ml) . Nồng độ
mol/l của dung dịch thu đợc là: A) 6M B) 5,428 M C) 6,428M D) 6,258M
21- Cho dung dịch NaOH có pH = 12 ( dung dịch X). Cần pha loãng dung dịch X bao nhiêu lần để
thu đợc dung dịch NaOH có pH = 11.A) 8 lần B) 100 lần C) 10 lần D) 6 lần
22- Trộn 100ml dung dịch H
2
SO
4
0,02M với 100ml dung dịch NaOH 0,02M dung dịch tạo thành có
pH là:
A) 2 B) 3 C) 1 D) 4
23- Cho 200g dung dịch Na
2
CO
3
tác dụng vừa đủ với 120 gam dung dịch HCl. Biết sau phản ứng
dung dịch có nồng độ 20%. C% của hai dung dịch đầu là:
A) 30% và 27% B) 25% và 35% C) 31,3% và 35,98% D) 21,3% và 25,98%
24- 2 kim loại kiềm A và B nằm trong 2 chu kỳ kế tiếp nhau trong bản tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hoá
học. Hoà tan 2 kim loại này vào nớc thu đợc 0,336(l) khí (ĐKTC) và dung dịch C. Cho HCl d vào
dung dịch C thu đợc 2,075 (g) muối hai kim loại đó là.
A) Li và Na B) Na và K C) K và Rb D) Li và K
25- Cho 3,6g hỗn hợp gồm K và một kim loại kiềm A tác dụng vừa hết với nớc. Cho 2,24 l H
2
ở 0,5
atm và O
0
C. Biết số mol kim loại (A) trong hỗn hợp lớn hơn 10% tổng số mol 2 kim loại. A là kim
loại:
A) K B) Na C) Li D) Rb
26- Điện phân dung dịch NaOH với cờng độ 10A trong thời gian 268giờ. Sau điện phân còn lại 100(g)
dung dịch NaOH 24% . Nồng độ % của dung dịch NaOH trớc điện phân là:
A) 4,8% B) 5,2% C) 2,4% D) 3,2%
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