more than words book 2 phần 6 ppt

MEANING IN
CONTEXT
Work and employment 107
J
ii
Complete the following passage
with
words and phrases from
the box, using a dictionary if necessary.
return
to work shop
steward
hallot
on strike dispute sacking pickets
layoff
closes
factory
Workers at a
Romford
car
factory went (a)
yesterday following the
(b) of two men
for allegedly punching the
foreman.
The fight happened after
an argument about last Sat-
urday's football match
between Millwall and West
Ham. The two workers
were

immediately disciplined by
the company and sent
home. When he heard this,
Don Bailey, the union
(c)
. called a
meeting. The decision to
take unofficial action was
nearly unanimous, and
(d)
were placed
at the factory gates to dis-
courage people from enter-
ing the works. The Manag-
ing Director said he had no
idea how long the
(c)
would con-
tinue, but that if the men
didn't
(f)
very
soon, the company would be
forced to (g)
people
(h)
indef-
initely. The union is holding
a secret
(i)

on
Thursday to decide whether
to take
__
official strike
action.
10 Imagine you are in the following situations. What would you
do? What should you do?
a You are driving a large truck containing robots for a factory. You
arrive at the gate, but there is a picket there because the workers
are on strike following dismissal of 200 people because of
automation.
b You are the union shop steward at an insurance company. The
Personnel Director
calls
you into the office to ask for your help
with a problem: the company is losing money and needs to lay
off ten people.
108 Work and employment
ACTIVATE
IT
Write a brief report to go with one of the headlines
below,
using
vocabularyjrom
this unit,
~"
n
T
**

*
XT
.
„
J
\
WOMAN
MANAGING DIRECTOR ACCUSES
RESIGNS AS COMPANY BOSSES OF
CRASHES
(
(
DISCRIMINATION
AFTER JUNIOR
MALE IS
PROMOTED
MAN MADE MANAGING DIRECTOR AFTER
12
YEARS ON
DOIE
FOCUS WORDS
apply
application
bank clerk
bank
teller
butcher
career
certificate
checkout clerk

conjurer
contract
(n)
curriculum
vitae
(cv)
dismiss
dismissal
dismissive
dispute (n)
dustman
experience
(n)
factory worker
increase (n)
increase (v)
interview (n)
interview (v)
job centre
ob
description
abourer
lay
off
lecturer
managing director
offer
(v)
offer (n)
optician

part-time job
pension
pensioner
picket (n)
pilot (n)
plumber
profession
professional
projectionist
promote
promotion
qualification
raise
receptionist
redundant
redundancy
reject
rejection
reprimand
{n}
reprimand (v)
resign
resignation
retire
retirement
rise (n|
roadsweeper
sack
sacking
shop steward

shortlist
(n)
shortlist
{v)
skill
surgeon
surveyor
temporary job
ticket collector
traffic warden
travelling
salesman
unemployment
benefit
vocation
work
(n)
work
|v)
Work and employment 109
FOCUS PHRASES
be/go on strike
be/go on the
dole
hove
your work cut out
It's
a good
job

make a good
job
of
make someone redundant
work out
WORD CHECK
Refer to Focus Words and Focus Phrases only.
1 How many different kinds of job are mentioned? Are there
any which you would refuse to do?
2 Find at least three ways of stopping or having to give up
working.
3 Write a short letter from a shop steward to a union official
in which at least three of the Focus Phrases are used.
4 How many of the words with more than two syllables do
not have the main stress on the second syllable? Where do
they have it?
12
1 Read the questionnaire
p-
Leisure Questionnaire
1 How
much
real
leisure
time
(or
spare
time)
do you
have:

each working day? hours
each weekend or national holiday?
hours
2 Put your top four of Ihe following leisure time activities
in order of preference
(1 = favourite, 2 = next favourite, etc).
participating in some kind of sport or physical
exercise - which?
__
;
•i
watching sport in a stadium or on TV - which
sport?
playing some other game (e.g. cards) - which?
reading - what?
some kind of hobby - what?
listening to music at home or in a concert hall -
what kind of music?
playing a musical instrument - which?
going to the cinema or watching videos
going to the theatre or opera
watching TV - which programmes?
dancing - where?
going to cafes, restaurants, etc. with friends
I I visiting new places
other - what?
L
Compare your answers with a partner's. What are the main
similarities
and differences between the ways in which you [ike to

spend your leisure time?
Leisure,
sport and entertainment
ill
WORD BUILDING 3
What
are these people's hobbies called?
COMPOUND WORDS Example: John weaves
baskets:
basket-weaving
a Mary arranges flowers for
display.
b George collects stamps from
different countries.
c Beatrice paints with
oil-
paints.
d
Susan climbs rocks.
e Dave skis on water.
f Robert makes model planes.
USING
DICTIONARIES
DEFINITIONS
How are these
materials
and pieces of equipment used? In what
hobbies might you use them?
magnifying glass
tripod

needle rod easel album
wetsuit
loom clay wool glue net
112
Leisure,
sport and entertainment
b What do these people's hobbies involve? Use a dictionary where
necessary.
train-spotter
pot-holer
angler
gambler canoeist
ACTIVATE
0 In your opinion, which of the hobbies in exercises
3,
4 and 5,
and which
others,
are:
a most suitable for old people?
b most suitable for disabled people?
c least
suitable
for men?
d least
suitable
for women?
e best for children under ten?
f most satisfying?
I

a Are you artistic? Are any members of your family or any of
your friends artistic? In what ways? Use words from the box.
play a musical instrument paint draw sing act dance
b In your experience, do artistic people have a special physical
appearance? If
so,
what do they look like?
0 Put the musical instruments being played by this band in order of
loudness
(1
=loudest,
9=quietist).
Which three do you
prefer,
in
what order?
WORD
FORMATION
SUFFIXES
MEANING
RELATED MEANINGS
Leisure,
sport and entertainment
113
Jl
Complete
the
table, using words
witfi
the endings -ist,

-er,
-or,
etc. where necessary.
A person who:
plays the piano
plays drums
plays a violin
plays a trumpet
plays football
plays tennis
rides a bicycle
collects stamps
skis
jumps from a plane using a
parachute
makes sculptures
takes photographs
plays chess
Noun
ID
In which sports do people do the following?
o wear goggles
d
strike out
b ride on boards e do the crawl
c get knocked out f make pit-stops
11 Which sports are played (and watched) in the following
places?
course stadium
court

poof
ring track
MEANING
CONNOTATION
li
Which of the
adjectives
and expressions in the
dialogue refer to enthusiasm
for a sport or hobby, and
which refer to
ability?
Put the
italicized words and
expressions in the appropriate
box. Then
tick,
the strongest
expressions in each box.
DON: What are you doing this weekend, Sandra? Off to the
beach again? You're a keen windsurfer, aren't you?
SANDRA:
Yes,
I
am,
but
this
weekend we're
going
to the

opera
in
London. My friend George is a real
opera-lover.
DON: An opera-lover? I thought you said he was mad about
modern
jazz.
SANDRA:
He's
keen
on
all
sorts
of
music
. . . and
quite
a
gifted
pianist too. Are you musical, Don?
DON: I listen to a lot of music at home. I'm a bit of a
Mozart-
freak,
I suppose. I've been collecting records and
compact discs of his major works for the last two years. I
play the clarinet a bit. But I'm no good at
it.
. .
114
Leisure,

sport and
entertainment
ACTIVATE
SANDRA:
And
what about sport?
You
look quite athletic
. . .
DON:
I
used to be an obsessive tennis
player,
but I gave it up
when I broke my ankle last year.
SANDRA:
Oh, I
really
love
tennis.
. .
George
says
I'm
a
natural.
Shall we have a game sometime?
DON: Well

I'm

really
rusry.
I'll have to get a bit of practice
first.
. .
SANDRA:
Don't
be
silly

I'm
only
a
novice.
We'll
just
have
a
friendly game.
DON: OK. As long as you promise not to humiliate me I
don't trust people who talk about
'friendly
games'!
. . .
I've got to go now: there's an exhibition of paintings by
Julie Croft, a friend of mine, opening tonight. . .
SANDRA:
Is
she
talented?

DON:
I'm
no
expert,
but I think her work
is
brilliant.
. . and
she's only a Sunday-painter. See you on Monday.
SANDRA:
OK.
Don't forget
to
bring
your racket.
We'll
have
a
game after work . . .
DON: It might rain , . .
Enthusiasm
Ability
10 Look at the pictures below. What leisure activities and hobbies
do you think these famous characters enjoyed?
Count
Dracula
Leisure,
sport and entertainment
us
FOCUS WORDS

act
album
angler
artist
artistic
chess player
clarinet
clay
course
court
cyclist
dance
design
double bass
draw
drawing
drum
drummer
easel
expert
Flower-
arranging
flute
footballer
gambler
gifted
glue
goggles
guitar
guitarist

keen
knockout
loom
magnifying
glass
model-
making
musical
needle
net
novice
obsessive
oil-
painting
painter
painting
parachutist
photographer
piano
pianist
pitstop
pool
pot-
holer
ring
rock-climbing
rod
rusty
saxophone
sculpture

sculptor
sing
sketch
skier
skiing
stadium
stamp-
collecting
stamp-
collector
strike out
talented
tennis^
player
track
train-spotter
tripod
trombone
trumpet
trumpeter
violin
violinist
water-skiing
wetsutt
windsurf
windsurfing
woo!
FOCUS PHRASES
be a natural
be a (Mozart/theatre) freak

be a
(Mozart/theatre)
lover
be good at
be keen on
be knocked out by
be mad about
be no good at
do the
crawl/breaststroke
WORD CHECK
Refer to Focus Words and Focus Phrases only.
1 Look at the list and
identify
the hobbies and other leisure
activities that involve physical exercise of some kind.
2 Which of the tools and
instruments
are usually made mainly
of wood? Which mainly of metal? What are the others made
of?
3 Take the roles of a famous sculptor, a famous painter, a
famous musician, and a famous dancer. Hold a balloon
debate.
All of you are in a balloon which is losing air and can
only support the weight of one person. Discuss who
should
be thrown out of the
balloon
and who should survive.

4 Talk about someone you know well using at least three of the
Focus Phrases.
13
Animals,
plants and their habitats
MEANING
1 Choose some of the words
from the box to name the
animals in the picture.
donkey scorpion
crocodile parrot cobra
peacock tiger lizard
monkey turtle spider
wolf whale shark
hedgehog dolphin
tortoise frog fox
L
Look at the names of the
animals which aren't in the
picture. Are these animals
similar to any that are in the
picture? In what way?
MEANING
CONNOTATION
0 Which of the animals in the list is in your opinion:
a the most dangerous? e the most useful?
b the least dangerous? f the most intelligent?
c the most
beautiful?
g the best?

d the ugliest?
h
the worst?
Why?
MEANING
RELATED
MEANINGS
T
o
Which of the animals in the list has the following?
a shell fins a beak prickles a tail teeth
b Which of them are poisonous?
Animals,
plants and their habitats
117
D
Complete the table with the names of the animals in the list.
Reptiles
Mammals
Amphibians Birds
Fish
Insects
ACTIVATE
0 a Think of three animals that you like or dislike. They do not
have to be from the list above. How would you describe each
of them and their behaviour to someone who had never seen
or heard of them before?
b Work in groups. One of you thinks of an
animal,
and the

others try to guess from his/her description which animal he
or she
is
thinking of. They may ask him/her questions, which
he or she must answer truthfully if possible.
/ Work with a neighbour. Design a questionnaire to find out who
in the class has pets, who had pets as a
child,
what kind of pets
they have or had, what their favourite animal is, etc.
MEANING
RELATED MEANINGS
0 Complete the table with the
missing wo
rds.
Neutral
dog
cat
horse
chicken
cattle (plural)
Female
cat
hen
vixen
cow
doe
ewe
Male
dog

tomcat
drake
dog
stag
Young
tadpole
foal
118
Animals,
plants and their habitats
WORD
USE
CO
9 Complete the table. (See also Part A, Unit 4 of Book 1
COLLOCATION
Animals
Pig
Noise
grunt
whinny
roar
purr
bark
crow
sing
howl
Animals
horse
Way of moving
gallop

crawl
slither
bound
pounce
dart
hover
strut
Animals
birds, insects
Home
nest
lair
burrow
stable
kennel
sty
den
hive
ACTIVATE
10
Ask one another
questions like this:
What animal lives in a
stable,
whinnies, gallops and is a foal
when it's young?
11
If you could be reborn as
an animal, what animal would
you like to be? Discuss the

reasons for your choice with a
partner.
SOME OF THE WORLD'S EXTINCT ANIMALS
Animals, plants and their habitats
11
9
Many wild animals are threatened by extinction due to over-
hunting and changes in the environment caused by man. Which of
these statements do you agree with? Which do you disagree with?
Discuss your opinion with a
partner,
and add any other statements
that you agree with.
a More animai reserves should be created and more work should
be done to help endangered species to breed in captivity.
b We can't afford to worry about animals when millions of human
beings are starving.
c We shouldn't be too worried about certain species becoming
extinct, there are so many species which remain.
d We are the main threat to wildlife; there should be much stricter
laws to protect the habitats of wild animals.
10 Read the text opposite.
How has man damaged the
animal and plant life of
Mauritius in the
writer's
view?
Gerald
Durrell
(left)

is a
British
zool-
ogist.
In
1958
he established the
Wildlife Preservation Trust on the
island
of Jersey to
help
endangered
species by breeding them in captivity.
The following extract is taken from
his book Golden Bats and Pink
Pigeons,
and it describes
Durreil's
first visit to the island of Mauritius in
the Indian Ocean.
. . . There, on this speck of volcanic soil in middle
of
a vast sea, a
complete,
unique and peaceful
world
was created slowly and
carefully,
ft
waited there for

hundreds of" thousands of years for an annihilating invasion of voracious
animals for which it
wa_s
totally
unprepared,
a cohort of rapacious
heasts
led
hy
the
worst
predator in
the
world, homo sapiens. With man, of course,
came
all
his
familiars:
the
dog,
Ihe
rat, the pig, and, in this instance probably one of
the
worst predators next to man.
the
monkey.
In
an
incredibly
short

space of
lime,
a number of
unique
species had
vanished: the dodo;
the
giant,
black
flightless
parrot;
the
giant Mauritian
tortoise,
followed rapidly by
the
Rodrigues
tortoise; and
that
strange bird, the
solitaire. The dugong, which used to throng
the
reefs, vanished, and all that
was
left
of a unique and harmless fauna was a handful of birds and lizards.
These,
together
with
what is left of the

native
forest,
face
enormous pressures.
Not only is Mauritius one of
the
most
densely
populated
parts of the globe,
but
as well as dogs, cats,
rats
and
monkeys
a number of other
things
have
been
introduced in that
dangerous,
unthinking way
that
man has.
There
arc, for
example,
twenty
introduced
species of birds . . .,

there
is the
sleek
and deadly
mongoose and, less damaging
but
still
out
of place,
the
hedgehog-like
tcnree
from
Madagascar. Then
there
are
the
introduced
plants and
trees,
so that the
native vegetation is jostled and
strangled
by Chinese
guavu.
wild
raspberries,
privet and a host of
other
things.

In the face of all
this,
the indigenous flora and
fauna of Mauritius can he said to he hanging on to its existence by its
fingernails.
120
Animals,
plants and their habitats
MEANING
LP
14
o
Using
a
dictionary
if
necessary,
find
the
various different
WORDS IN CONTEXT words in the text which Durrell has used instead of the
following.
plants
animals disappeared world
b Which words in the text have the
following
meanings?
i very destructive
ii
an animal which kills other animals for food

ill
with a very large appetite
iv
to crowd around
v
a small quantity
1J
Complete the following sentences on the basis of
trie
information in the text.
a Before the arrival of man and domesticated animals in
Mauritius,
the island .
b Great pressure is put on the remaining species of birds and
lizards because
c imported plants
tike
the Chinese guava also cause difficulty
because .
d
Durrell
uses
words like
'incredibly',
'enormous'
and
'unthinking'
in order to .
ID
Using some of the words and expressions in the text, write a

few lines about the way in which man has treated the environment
and animal and plant life in your country. What do you feel should
be done now? Get a neighbour to read through what you have
written.
ll
In the text, the mongoose is described as
'sleek
and
deadly'.
Use adjectives from the box and some of your own words to
describe other animals in this unit.
talkative clever cunning deadly affectionate stealthy
playful huge frightening
colourful
stubborn timid
MEANING
RELATED MEANINGS
Animals,
plants
and their habitats 121
15 Match the descriptions with the
places
sfiown
in the
photographs below and on the next page.
a It's extremely hot and humid, but you are protected from the sun
by the thick and luxuriant canopy of branches
overhead,
and the
jungle resounds with the calls of exotic birds and the noises of

animal
life
in the
undergrowth.
b The
majestic
peaks rise above the sweet-smelling pine forest; the
air is invigoratingly pure, and the
streams
run with clear water.
c The sun beats down relentlessly; except at the rare
oasis,
there is
no shade - just undulating dunes as far as the eye can
see,
peopled only by the occasional mirage.
d The dry grass around the swamp sways in the hot breeze, while
antelope
graze, ever fearful for the predators who may be
watching from the shade of the few trees that dot the bush.
e Breakers crash against the cliffs that rise above the
snore,
throwing spray into the air, while
gulls
and pelicans circle above
the rocks looking for
fish
in the grey ocean.
f The leaves are beginning to turn golden, and the small mammals
that inhabit the woods and the fields are gathering food as they

prepare for hibernation; birds swoop over the
hills
in the
distance,
heading for Africa.
122
Animals,
plants and their habitats
6
19 a What kind of climate would you expect to find in the
pi
shown?
aces
temperate arid subtropical tropical arctic
b What animals would you expect to find living in each of
these environments?
Lv
Place the words in italics from exercise
18
on the following lines,
Land formation
Vegetation
Water
MfYTT
RARRI7M
s
1
AfJC'F^T
r-
CAri?CT

r-
ACTIVATE
Imagine that you have found yourself in the most beautiful
place that you have ever seen. Write a letter to your family
describing it.
Animals,
plants and their habitats
123
FOCUS WORDS amphibian
annihilate
bark
beak
beast
bitch
bound
bull
burrow
bush
calf
chick
cliff
cobra
crawl
crocodile
crow
cub
dart
deer
den
desert

dolphin
donkey
drake
duck
duckling
dune
ewe
fauna
fin
flora
foal
forest
fox
frog
gallop
globe
grunt
handful
hedgehog
hill
hive
hover
howl
insect
jungle
kenne!
kitten
lair
lamb
lizard

mammal
mare
monkey
moorland
nest
ocean
parrot
peacock
pounce
predator
prickles
puppy
purr
ram
reptile
roar
rock
scorpion
scrub
shark
sheli
shore
sing
slither
spider
stable
stallion
stream
strut
sty

swamp
tadpole
tail
throng
tortoise
turtle
undergrowth
vanish
voracious
whale
whinny
wolf
WORD CHECK
Refer to Focus Words only.
1 There are many nouns in the list. Which do you feel
positive about, which do you feel negative about, and which
are neutral in your view? Do other people agree with you?
2 Make up sentences about two different animals from the
list.
3 Which five of the new words in the list do you find most
interesting? Why?
4 Look at the verbs in the
list.
How many of them can be
followed by a direct object (e.g. sing a
song)?
What would
usually follow the other verbs?
14 Towns and cities
USING A

DICTIONARY
DEFINITIONS
1 Choose five words from the box below. Use a dictionary to help
you write a sentence for each word, starting with / or we, showing
what each word means.
breathes
fogged-up
smack groan shrunk
snarled
gasp
clank-rattle
crackle mangled
L
a Which of the words in exercise 1 can describe noise? Which
cannot?
b Where
would
you put the
'noise'
words on this line?
QUIETEST
LOUDEST
J Which picture best matches the poem? Why?
Towns
and
cities
125
MEANING
The noise of the city in the morning
breathes through the gap in the

fogged-up
window: it is the hydraulic smack of doors
and the relentless groan of speeding drivers
shrunk behind the glasses of their routine
on another freeway into somewhere,
snarled in the town tangle of the monster.
A rush of the air gasp in the cherry
sky and the clank-rattle on the rails
heralds happiness and horror with the crackle
of people,
moving,
moving anywhere, giving
the mangled concrete a reason in the dawn.
Peter
Medley
4
In
groups give the poem a title. Decide on an
adjective
to
describe the poem's mood.
0
In groups decide on five adjectives to describe living in cities and
five
adjectives
to describe living in the country.
Living in cities
Living in the country
RELATED
MEANINGS

0 Put the following in order of size and importance. What do they
all mean?
country
settlement region town county
metropolis state city
hamlet
province
village
counrry
sememenr
region Town
counjy
capital metropolis state city hamlet province
126
Towns
and cities
1 All of the words in the box refer to an area of a town or city.
What do they mean? Do they have a
positive,
negative or neutral
connotation?
district
quarter
shanty town ghetto slum
WORD USE
COLLOCATIONS
Which words from column
B
can go with which words from
column A? Use a dictionary if necessary.

A
housing
office
flats
apartment
shopping
building
housing
industrial
residential
commercial
area
precinct
site
estate
block
site
development
mall
centre
ACTIVATE
Describe the photographs below.
Would
you like to work in the
places shown?
Towns
and
cities
m
USING

DICTIONARIES
DEFINITIONS
a rural
b rustic
c urban
d suburb
e
suburban^
f outskirts
ACTIVATE
LPlO
Match the words with their dictionary definitions. Check your
answers in a dictionary.
°"ter
areas
or
l
imits
I)
an
outer
area
of
a
town
or
ctty
where
people
live

country,
all
d
unspoiled
by
modern
developments
1
iv)
of a town or city
—
the suburbs, esp. as considered
vi) often
derog
of, for, or
m
uninteresting or unimaginative
Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate
word from exercise
1
0.
a Shanty towns are frequently found on the _ of big
cities.
b The decline of the inner cities often
produces
.
_
squalor.
c Houses in this particular tree-lined _ of
London

have
shot up in price.
d Welsh people are fed up with English city dwellers buying their
homes because of their _ charm, thus putting the
prices beyond the locals' reach.
e Picture the typical _ scene; the little squares of
grass,
the shining cars lovingly polished by their owners on Sundays
and the sheer tidiness of it all. Anything would be better than
that!
f One of the
charms
of
this
particular village
is its
idyllic
_ setting deep in the Somerset countryside.
IL
Using as many words as possible from exercises 5 to
1
0,
describe a
city,
town or
village
that you either fove or hate. Say
why you feel this way.
128 Towns and cities
MEANING

13 Read the text. Find the words
in
tt
to match
tfie
numbers in the
YV
ben he
dreamed
of home he saw the village green, the pub
where he used to wait for his father on a summer evening, the
village
schoolhouse,
the cottage where he used to live, the solid
church steeple, and in his ear he could still almost hear the
creak of the sails on the old windmill. What was that
distant
hum>f
conversation in the little shop? He could almost smell the
warmth
of^the
community, wrapping him in security, the scent
of mown hay on the wind, the stroking of the brittle breeze -
and boredom, a kind of dull imprisonment stretching on into the
future, burying him in the brown earth, cutting off his escape.
That's why he had come to this place of excitement and
opportunity. Why then did he feel so like an
alienVi
unwelcome
and out of tune?

""""
14 Answer these questions.
a Who is
'he'?
Where is he? What is this paragraph about?
b Which of the places mentioned in the text could also be found in
a town or city. Which could not?
c
List
five
things
you
would
expect
to
find
in a
village
in
your
country.
Toms
and
cities
WORD USE 15 What do the phrases in italics mean?
METAPHOR AND IDIOM
ACTIVATE
b You can't
speak
to

her,
I'm
afraid. She's
out
of town at the
moment.
o
It's
become a ghost town
c
Let's
really go to town on
this project.
d Who's for a really good
night on the town?
She's really slumming it at
the moment.
It's not a huge company,
only a
cottage
industry.
lb Write to a
penfriend,
inviting her or him to come and stay.
Describe the place where you live and
work/study.
Say where it is
and whether you like it or not.
ll
Choose one of the pictures in exercise 3 and describe the scene

you see there.